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HISTORY 



OK 



Hew Kaven (|ounty, 

CONNECTICUT. 



Edited "by 
J. L. ROCKEY, 

Assisted lay a corps of writers. 



h) bwo Yolui7)es, Illu^brabed. 



VOLUNIK I. 




AS^"^' 




Press of J. Henry Probst, 

36 VESEY ST. , NEW YORK. 



PREFACE. 



The preparation of this History of New Haven County was begun 
more than Iwo years ago, work on it having been assiduously prose 
cuted since October, 1889. The magnitude of the undertaking has 
been much greater than was contemplated, and the vo ume of matter 
has far exceeded the limit originally set by the publishers. It has 
been found necessary, after the book had been sold, m order to prop- 
erly embrace these hundreds of additional P^S^s, t« W it m two 
handsome volumes instead of one, as purposed and ^^re©ifVi<h the 
subscribers. These changes have been made at an expenditure o 
several thousand dollars-apparently a loss to the publishers, but 
clearly a gain to their patrons. They feel that they have been some- 
what compensated for this extra outlay by the appreciative support 
they have received, in spite of many adverse circumstances The 
publication, in 1886, of a voluminous and exhaustive history of the city 
of New Haven .so fully supplied the demand in that locality for such a 
local work that no patronage was there solicited or received for this 
book In the city of Waterbury, also, a comprehensive history is being 
prepared by careful and competent writers, which will afford the people 
of that section of the county a vast fund of information upon such 
local matters as will most interest them. Naturally, that prospective 
work limited the patronage for our book, in that town. Very properly, 
then since the histories of these localities have recently been so fully 
recorded elsewhere, and a sense of obligation does not demand their 
repetition by us, the narratives of these two towns are not here given 
m detail But complete outline histories of them have instead been 
prepared, wherein may be found all the salient features of the events 
connected with them since their settlement. We believe that this 
arrangement will be generally satisfactory to the citizens of the 
county, as it has permitted us to write the accounts of other towns, 
with much greater attention to details, so that a very good knowledge 
of their affairs and relation to the body corporate can be obtained 
In o-eneral, these narratives are far more comprehensive and finished 
than anything heretofore published; and in several instances they are 
the only accounts of the kind, being the results of original investiga- 
tions by the compilers of this book. A number of these are citizens 
of the county, and being men of excellent character, their accounts of 
the local history of their respective towns may be accepted as based 
upon the facts of the subjects treated. 



IV PREFACE. 

Notwithstanding the extended limits given us by the publishers, 
Ve have been obliged by the vast expanse of the territory embraced 
and the abundance of its historical matter, to confine ourselves, in 
most cases, to the simple record of events. Plainness of statement 
and brevity of style have been conspicuously kept in view, and there 
has been but little attempt at embellishment. The compilers have 
endeavored to perform their work impartially, and to give every in- 
terest a proper representation. They have sought to avoid the favorit- 
ism often seen in works of this nature, and which so greatly detracts 
from their value. The rich and the poor, the lowly and the exalted, 
the humble toiler and the prosperous employer, have alike received 
creditable mention for what they have done. This is proper; this is 
just. The true history of any country is the simple recital of the 
deeds of its citizens. Each one in his own sphere is a useful factor in 
the body politic, and however diverse their interests one is the com- 
plement of the other in forming the harmonious whole. But in a work 
of this nature there is no such thing as absolute perfection. No doubt 
this book contains mistakes of statements and errors of judgment, as 
well as the works of others who have heretofore gleaned in this ex- 
tensive field. We claim, however, credit for an honest intention to 
make our book as nearly as possible authentic in all things. To that 
end we have not only compiled from the published works of others 
and examined much manuscript matter, using diligent effort to verify 
the same, and spending many months in careful personal investigations, 
but we visited every part of the county, and in every locality consulted 
many citizens of worth in every department of life, who were reputed 
to possess knowledge of this nature. We thus called on at least three 
thousand of the most progressive people of the county, and these 
pages contain to a large e.xtent what was learned from them. 

It is proper here to acknowledge our gratitude toward all who have 
so kindly aided us. Without their intelligent and generous assistance 
we should have failed in our purpose to make this a valuable, popular 
work; with the help given us we have striven modestly to perform 
this task, beset by so many discouraging obstacles, and cherish the 
hope that every reader of this book may derive much pleasure and 
satisfaction from the perusal and contemplation of its pages. 

J. L. RncKEV. 
New York, March 2Sth, 1892. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER I. 

GENERAL HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. PAGE 

Location and Description. — Natural Features, Topography, Geology, etc. — 
Discovery. — Claims of the Dutch and English. — Settlements at Windsor, 
Hartford and Wethersfield. — Settlement of Quinnipiac. — Treaties with the 
Indians. — Organization of Church and Civil Government. — The Juris- 
diction of New Haven. — Union of the New England Colonies. — Governor 
Eaton and his Successors. — The Regicide Judges. — Charter of 1663. — 
Union of New Haven and Connecticut Colonies. — New Haven County 
Formed. — Town Organizations. — Cities and Boroughs. — Statistics. — State 
and County Buildings. — County Commissioners. — The Courts of the 
County. — Internal Improvements. — General Military Matters. — General 
Civil List 1 

CHAPTER II. 

TOWN AND CITY OF NEW HAVEN (CONCLUDED). 

Location and Natural Features. — General Description. — Settlement and De- 
velopment. — Condition at the Beginning of the Present Century. — Sta- 
tistics. — Municipal Organization. — Town Clerks. — City Government. — 
City Police — Fire Department. — Water Supply. — Public Sewerage. — City 
Buildings. — Street Illumination. — Trees and Parks. — General Business 
Interests. — Monetary Institutions. — Lawyers and Physicians. — Post 
Office. — Street Railways. — Philanthropic and Social Institutions 97 

CHAPTER III. 

TOWN AND CITY OF NEW HAVEN (CONCLUDED). 

Early School Teachers. — Hopkins Grammar School. — Other Early Schools. — 
Later Select Schools. — The Lancasterian School. — Graded Schools Es- 
tablished. — Present Condition of Public Schools. — Yale University. — The 
Periodical Press. — First Congregational Church. — North Church. — Yale 
College Church.— Third Congregational Church. —Dixwell Avenue Church. 
— College Street Church. — Church of the Redeemer. — Davenport Church. 
— Howard Avenue Church. — Humphrey Street Church. — Taylor Church. 
— Dwight Place Church.— Ferry Street Church. — Emanuel Church. — First 
Presbyterian Church. — Trinity Church. — St. Paul's Church.— St. John's 
Church. — Church of the Ascension.— St. Thomas" Church.— Christ 
Church.— Grace Church.— St. Luke's Church.— All Saints' Chapel.— 
Trinity Chapel.— Methodist Churches.— Baptist Churches.— Lutherans. — 
SecondAdventists.—Universalists.— Hebrews.— Roman Catholics. — Cem- 
eteries.— Fair Haven. — Westville.— Biographical Sketches U4 



VI TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

chaptp:r IV. 

THE TOWN OF E.-^ST HAVEN. P.AGE 

Location and Natural Features. — The Pioneer Settlers. — Civil Organization. 
— Bridges, Ferries, Roads, etc. — Industrial Pursuits. — East Haven Village. 
— Religious and Educational Matters. — Cemeteries. — Military Affairs. — 
Biographical Sketches 317 

CHAPTER V. 

THE TOWN OK NORTH H.'iVEN. 

Location and Description. — Settlement. — Early Religious Affairs. — Reverend 
Benjamin Trumbull. — Congregational Church. — St. John'sfP. E. ) Church. 
— Baptist Church at Montowese. — Clintonville Union Mission. — The 
Militia. — Cemeteries. — Education. — Incorporation of the Town. — Civil 
List. — Public Improvements. — Public Buildings. — The Bradley Library. 
— The Town Centennial. — General Business Interests. — Villages. — Sab- 
bath Day Houses. — Slaves. — Fishing Privileges. — Taverns.— Physicians. 
— North Haven in the Nation's Wars. — Biographical Sketches 248 

CHAPTER VI. 

THE TOWN OF HAMDEN. 

Location and Natural Features. — Early Agricultural Industries. — The Early 
Settlers and their Descendants. — Population. — Civil Organization. — Town 
Poor. — Town Hall. — Town Clerks. — Public Thoroitghfares. — Manufactur- 
ing Interests. — Hamlets, Post Offices, etc. — Masonic Lodge. — Schools. — 
Mt. Carmel Congregational Church. — Congregational Church in Whit- 
neyville. — Grace Church (Protestant Episcopal). — St. Mary's Church 
(Roman Catholic). — Hamden Plains Methodist Episcopal Church. — The 
New Lebanon Mission. — Cemeteries. — Water Works and Parks. — Bio- 
graphical Sketches 288 

CHAPTER VII. 

THE TOWN OF WAI.LINGFORD. 

Location and Description. — Early Settlers. — Growth of the Town. — Second 
Centennial. — Organization of Town and Early Records. —Town Clerks 
and Probate Judges. — Public Highways. — Manufacturing. — Wallingford 
Borough. — Incorporation and Officers. — Sewerage. — Street Improvement. 
— Water Department. — Fire Department. — The Wallingford Disaster. — 
Gas Light Company. — Banks. — Building and Loan Association. — Business 
Places. — Post Office. — Public Buildings. — The Press. — Libraries. — Yales- 
ville. — Tracy. — East Wallingford. — Physicians and Attorneys. — Societies. 340 

CHAPTER \'I1I. 

•I'HK I'OWN OF WAI.I.IXOFOUI) (CONCLUDED). 

Edttcational Matters. — Establishment of Religious Worship. — First Congre- 
gational Church. — The Wallingford Controversy. — The Wells Society. — 
The Wallingford Baptist Church. — St. Paul's (Protestant Episcopal) 
Church. --The First Methodist Class.— Yalcsville M. E. Church.— The Ad- 
vuntist Church. — Yalesville Baptist Church. — St. John's (Protestant 
Episcopal) Church. Yalesville. — Second Advent Church of Wallingford. 
— Holy Trinity (Roman Catholic) Parish. — The Wallingford Community. 
— Cemeteries. — Biographical Sketches 378 



TAIiLE OF CONTENTS. vii 

CHAPTER IX. 

TOWN AND CITY OF MERIDEN. PAGE 

Location and Description. — Early Settlement. — Ecclesiastical Organization: 
— Civil Organization. — Town Officers. — Town Buildings.— South Meri- 
den. — East Meriden. — The Citj^ of Meriden. — Location and Surroundings. 
— Early Growth. — Municipal Affairs.— Police Department. — Street Im- 
provement. — Public Parks. — Water Department. — Fire Department. — 
Gas Light Company. — Railway Interests. — Manufacturing Interests. — 
Banking and Other Monetary Institutions. — General Business Interests. — 
Inns and Hotels.— Post Office ." 456 

CHAPTER X. 

TOWN AND CITY OF MERIDEN (CONCLUDED). 

The Periodical Press. — Literary Notes. — Physicians. — Lawyers. — Secret Or- 
ders. — G. A. R. and Soldiers' Monument. — Agricultural Societies, etc. — 
Meriden Ecclesiastical Society. — First Meeting House. — First Congrega- 
tional Church. — Center Congregational Church. — St. Andrew's (P. E.) 
Church. — First Baptist Church. — German Baptist Church.— M. E. 
Churches. — Universalist Church. — St. John's German Lutheran Church. 
— New Emanuel Lutheran Church. — St. Rose of Lima (R. C.) Church. — 
St. Laurent's (French Catholic) Church. — Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion. — State Reform School. — The Curtis Home. — City Mission Society. — 
Meriden Hospital. — Cemeteries olfi 

«- CHAPTER XI. 

MERIDEN. — BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

Nathaniel L. Bradley.— Eli Butler.— Andrew J. Coe.— Levi E.Coe.— Lemuel 
J. Curtis.— Charles H. S. Davis.— Seth J. Hall.— George E. Howe.— Emily 
J. Leonard.— Saxton B. Little.— William W. Lyman.— Edward B. Man- 
ning. — Edward Miller. — Samuel C. Paddock. — Charles Parker. — Cephas 
B. Rogers.— John Sutliff.— John Tait.— Henry K. White.— Horace C.Wil- 
cox. — Grove H. Wilson. — Bertrand L. Yale. — Personal Paragraphs 574 

CHAPTER XII. 

THE TOWN OF CHESHIRE. 

Geographical and Descriptive.— Early Settlers.— Roads.— Taverns.— Small 
Pox.— Civil Organization.— Manufacturing Interests.— Mines and Mining. 
—Cheshire Village.— West Cheshire.— Brooksvale.—Mixville.— Cheshire 
Street.— Other Localities.— Railroads.— Lodges and Societies.— Soldiers' 
Monument.— Educational and Professional Interests.— Cheshire Congre- 
gational Church.— St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church.— Cheshire 
Methodist Episcopal Church.— St. Bridget's Roman Catholic Church.— 
Biographical Sketches 



857 



CHAPTER XIII. 

THE TOWN OF PROSPECT. 

Geographical and Descriptive.— Civil Organization.— Town Officers.— The 
Roads.— Town Poor.— Business Interests. —Educational and Religious In- 
terests. — Biographical Sketches "33 



viii TABLE OF Cf INTENTS. 

PORTRAITS. 

1'A(;k 

Banks. Nehemiah 414 

Bradley, Justin •-':« 

Bradley, Nathaniel L •>74 

Burleigh, Cecil A 324 

Butler, Eli '. ... 578 

Capewell, George J 717 

Coe. Andrew J oSO 

Coe, Levi E .■",84 

Cornwall, 'Edward A 718 

Curtis, Lemuel J ^>S(i 

Davis, Charles H. S .■",90 

Downes, William E "'OG 

Francis, William 418 

Goodyear, Robert B 378 

Hall, 'Seth J rm 

Hallenbeck. George M 424 

Harrison. Benjamin F 426 

Horton, Sanford J 722 

Howe, George E •■")!t4 

Hubbard, Leverett M 428 

Humiston, Daniel 72.', 

Ives. Titus B 736 

Judd. Morton 434 

Lanyon, Janres 728 

Leonard, Emily J ■'iiHi 

Little, vSaxton B 600 

Lyman, William W 603 

McGaughey, James D 438 

Manning, Edward B 603 

Miller, Edward 604 

Mix, Norris B 3:iO 

Paddock, Samuel C 608 

Parker, Charles 611 

Reynolds, William T 2.'^0 

Rogers, Cephas B 612 

Simpson, Samuel 446 

Stiles, Ezra 282 

Stiles, Isaac L ' 284 

Sutliff. John 61.-) 

Swift, Edwin D :i:« 

Tait, John (>16 

Todd, F. Hayden 286 

Townsend, James M 212 

Tuttle, Henry ;i:56 

Wallace, Robert 4.50 

White, Henry K (il8 

Wilcox, Horace C 621 

Wilson, Grove H 622 

Yale, Bertrand L ' 624 

Yale. Charles D 4.52 

MAP. 

Map of New I laven County 1 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY 



CHAPTER I. 



GENERAL HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



Location and Description.— Natural Features. Topography. Geology, etc.— Discovery.— 
Claims of the Dutch and English.— Settlements at Windsor, Hartford and Wethers- 
field.— Settlement of Quinnipiac— Treaties with the Indians.— Organization of 
Church and Civil Government.— The Jurisdiction of New Haven.— Union of the 
New England Colonies.— Governor Eaton and his Successors.— The Regicide Judges. 
—Charter of 1662.— Union of New Haven and Connecticut Colonies.— New Haven 
County Formed.— Town Organizations.— Cities and Boroughs.— Statistics.— State 
and County Buildings.— County Commissioners.— The Courts of the County.— In- 
ternal Improvements.— General Jlilitary Matters.— General Civil List. 



NEW HAVEN county was one of the four original counties of 
the state, created by the general court at Hartford, in May, 
1666, the others being the counties of New London, Fairfield 
and Hartford. It comprised, originally, the towns of Guilford, Bran- 
ford, New Haven and Milford, the bounds being described as extend- 
ing from the east side of the former to the west side of the latter. On 
the south was then, as now, a limit fixed b)^ the waters of Long Island 
sound, but the northern bounds were vague and undefined. The 
county included, properly, all the lands ceded by the Indians to the 
foregoing towns, in the New Haven colony, the remainder of the 
present area being at that time included in Hartford county. In 1891 
New Haven county embraced 26 towns, and was bounded as follows : 
On the north by the towns of Roxbury, Woodbury, Watertown and 
Plymouth, in the county of Litchfield; Bristol, Southington and Ber- 
lin, in the county of Hartford; on the east by the towns of Middle- 
town, Middlefield, Durham, Killingworth and Clinton, in the county 
of Middlesex; and on the west by the county of Fairfield, the Housa- 
toni; river forming the dividing line. The contiguous western towns, 
from the south and lying opposite the towns in New Haven, are : 
Stratford, Huntington, Monroe and Newtown. The shape of the 
county is irregular, but it is about 26 miles from east to west, and 21 
from north to south. From the extreme southea.st corner, in Madi- 
son, to the extreme northwest point, in Southbury, the distance is 
1 



2 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

about :!.-) miles. The area in square miles and acres has never been 
accurately determined. 

The coast line of the county presents many forms of marine as- 
spects, but the principal projections and indentures, from the west, 
are Milford Point, Milford Harbor, Merwin Point, vSavin Rock, New 
Haven Harbor, ]\Iile Point, Branford Point and Harbor, Stony Creek 
Harbor, Sachem's Head, Guilford Point and Harbor, and Plammon- 
assett Point. In the same order are small islands, belonging to the 
county, bearing the names of Charles, off the Milford coast; the 
Thimble islands, along the East Branford coast: Faulkner's or Falcon 
i.sland, off the Guilford coast. With but little exception the New 
Haven shores of the sound are low, and a considerable area is in salt 
marshes, about three thousand acres being thus classed. The only 
harbor admitting vessels of large draught is the one at New Haven. 

The general slope of the county is toward the sound, into which 
all the principal streams drop their waters directly or through the 
agency of larger streams. None of the streams are large, but several 
are important by reason of the water privileges t'ney afford. These 
are, mainly, the Ouinnipiac* and the Mill rivers, in the central part, 
and the Naugatuck in the northwestern section. The former is the 
longest stream. It rises near New Britain, and after flowing south 
into New Haven county, bends abruptly to the east, below the high 
lands of the Hanging hills, and thence again flows south into New 
Haven harbor. For a considerable distance it is a tidal stream, and 
it has been claimed that the term means "the long water place " — a 
very proper conception when one looks at the expanse produced on 
the lower meadows of the Ouinnipiac by the tidal flow. Splendid 
water powers are afforded in the county by this stream at Walling- 
ford, Yalesville and South Meriden. Mill river has a convergent flow 
toward the Uuinnipiac from the north part of Cheshire, draining the 
second of the upper north and south valleys of the county. In con- 
junction with the above river it forms the well-known neck of land at 
the city of New Haven. Its name was derived from the fact that the 
first mill in the count}' was erected on it, in the lower part of the 
present town of Flatnden. Higher up, in the same town, are numer- 
ous other good mill privileges. The stream is small, but from the 
nature of the ground it drains is constant. Flowing around the base 
of West Rock ridge, much as the Mill river does around East Rock, 
is a smaller stream, flowing from Woodbridge into New Haven and 
thence into the harbor below Oyster Point. From its course, relative 
to the first settlement, it was called the West river. ^ Farther west and 
flowing from the same town, through Orange into Milford, is the 
Wepowaug, another small mill stream which was very serviceable to 
the Milford planters. 

The Naugatuck is perhaps the most important mill stream in the 
* Also spelled Quinnipiack. 



HISTORY OF NEW IIAVF.X COUNTY. 3 

county. It flows from Litchfield county, through the towns of Water- 
bury, Naugatuck, Beacon Falls, Seymour, Ansonia and Derby, in 
which it empties into the Housatonic. In each of these towns it has 
been utilized to operate vast manufacturing establishments. Its 
course is also characterized by its picturesque surroundings. The 
affluent streams have precipitous courses from the hillv lands of the 
valley, and have also been useful factors in the industrial develop- 
ment of that section. 

The Pomperaug is a small stream flowing out of Woodburv into 
Southbury, where its waters fall into the Housatonic. It is distin- 
guished by the beauty and fertility of the valley through which it 
courses. The Housatonic is, next to the Connecticut, the longest 
stream in the state, and drains a large area of country. At the head 
of tide water, at Birmingham, a little more than a mile above the 
junction of the Naugatuck, it has been dammed to afford an immense 
reservoir, from which is obtained power to operate a score of manu- 
facturing establishments. Below this dam the stream is navigable for 
vessels of considerable burden. 

East of the Ouinnipiac the principal streams are the Farm or 
Stony river of North Branford and East Haven; the Branford river 
and Stony creek of the town of Branford; and the Menuncatuc* and 
East rivers of Guilford, all small but not being without use in their 
respective localities. The Hammonassett river drains the eastern 
part of Madison, and is part of the eastern boundary between this and 
Middlesex county. 

The county has a large number of brooks and small streams, and 
several lakes of considerable size. Of these Lake Saltonstall, on the 
line between East Haven and Branford, is one of the most attractive 
and best known. Pistapaug lake, at the corner of the towns of Wal- 
lingford, North Branford, Guilford and Dtirham, is a large and attrac- 
tive sheet of water; and Ouassipaug lake, on the Middlebury and 
Woodbur}' line, covers many acres, and has picturesque surroundings. 
Other small lakes and ponds, in various parts of the county, add to 
the beauty of a landscape greatly diversified by streams, hills and 
dales, in addition to the larger areas of valleys and lands of a moun- 
tainous nature above noted. 

The general topography of the county is varied. With some ex- 
ception the surface along the coast for several miles inland is level 
and not elevated more than about forty feet above tide water. But 
passing northward, a marked increase in the altitude is seen. The 
country is broken by well defined ridges and high hills, whose trend 
is generally from the northeast to the southwest. In several towns 
these hills terminate abruptly and with precipitous faces toward the 
sea, giving them a striking appearance. The elevation of the prin- 
cipal peaks has been ascertained. The highest point is West Peak of 

* Also called West river. 



4 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the Hanging hills, at Meriden, which is 1,020 feet, or 886.5 feet higher 
than the lowest point on Main street. The latter is 133.5 feet above 
.sea level. The altitude of the lower parts of the city of Meriden are 
thus found to be in the neighborhood of one hundred feet higher than 
the principal part of New Haven city. ^It. Carmel range terminates 
in a peak 80() feet high; and still farther south is West Rock, 405 feet 
high. Two miles to the eastward is the companion. East Rock, 360 
feet high. These are the most southerly of the lands whose altitude 
exceeds several hundred feet, and their bare, trap-rock faces cause 
them to be marked objects. It is the theory of geologists that in re- 
mote ages a mighty upheaval of a volcanic nature forced the red sand- 
stone surface of this section into these ridges and hills.'- Where the 
crust was thinnest or the upheaval more intense, the melted trap rock 
was forced well to the surface. vSubsequently, by glacial action, parts 
of the sandstone were ground or polished away and carried out into 
the sea, leaving the harder rock exposed, and giving evidence of the 
planing action, and leaving some rocks with the abrupt forms we now 
behold. In this state this range of secondary country extends as far 
as Middletown, in that direction, where it breaks toward the south- 
west, and extends in ridges to the places indicated at New Haven and 
Meriden. In North Branford ends the highest of the Totoket range, 
smaller spurs continuing into East Haven, and rounding off with 
Beacon hill and the hills nearer the .sound. East the Branford hills 
encroach well upon the sea. Geologists also think that these inter- 
sections by secondary ridges caused the Connecticut river to seek its 
present channel, and that prior to this upheaval its course from Hart- 
ford was down the valley to New Haven city, where, undoubtedly, 
was the mouth of that stream. The formation of the trap-dikes and 
ridges, of which the elevations named are a part, formed a barrier 
which made its further passage impossible, and, in the language of 
Professor Dana: " In this extremity the river finding a way to the 
southeastward open before it, made a rush through the narrows at 
Middletown, and was off for Saybrook, leaving New Haven in the 
lurch." Doubtless the same agency also modified the course of other 
streams. It is al.so owing to that intersection of the primitive forma- 
tion, by a secondary ridge, that traces of so many different kinds of 
minerals may be found, and that the conditions of the soil have been 
so much modified. Nearly all the precious minerals have been found, 
but few only were so abundant that mining operations paid when an 
attempt was made to develop them. The only mineral whose develop- 
ment formed an important industry was barytes. That mineral was 

* Evidences of an extinct crater in the form of an ash botl uf clearly defined 
outlines appear in a spot several miles north of Meriden, near Mount Lamentation, 
which may be taken as a strong presumption of the correctness of the theory. It 
is said that this ash bed is the only one of the kind now found in New England, 
and is an object of great curiosity to the student of nature. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 5 

extensively and profitably mined a number of years in the town of 
Cheshire. 

The county has a large variety of building stones, the red sand- 
stone being the most abundant and most widely distributed. In some 
localities its qualities are very superior. Limestone Is also -found; 
and flag stones are distributed over many parts of the count)'. In 
Milford are quarries of green marble, and in Branford, Guilford and 
Madison superior granite abounds. The Stony Creek granite is also 
adapted for monumental work. The soil of North Haven, Hamden 
and some other towns yields material for first-class brick, and the 
county was rich in other building material. Much of the area was 
covered with timber, and nearly every variety of deciduous and ever- 
green growth, common to the eastern section of the Union, was found 
here. In some localities lumbering was long an important occupation, 
but the most valuable forests have been cut down, and but little tim- 
ber land remains. A considerable area is still in woodland, and some 
of the sandy plains are covered with a barren growth. 

The county has a great variety of soil, adapting it for the numer- 
ous products of the farmer, gardener and orchardist, and for many 
years these occupations were the ones which chiefly engaged the at- 
tention of the people. In recent years these pursuits have been sub- 
ordinated to the avocations of the workshop and the factory, and the 
urban population has far exceeded, in its increase, that of the rural 
sections. Many farms in the hilly and sandy .sections have been al- 
lowed to go to waste, and the population of the exclusively farming 
towns has steadily decreased. The increase of the city population in 
the past two decades has been very great, causing New Haven county 
to become, in the number of its inhabitants, in the variety of its inter- 
ests, and in its accumulated wealth, the leading county in the state. 

The first white man to discover the territory now embraced in the 
county was the Dutch navigator. Captain Adrian Block. In 1G14 he 
made a voyage from New Netherland up the sound and visited the 
spot where is now New Haven city, to which he gave the name of 
"Rodenberg" (Red Mount), from the reddish appearance of East 
Rock, or the Red Rock on the east of the Quinnipiac. He passed on, 
ascended the Connecticut as high as Hartford, and returning con- 
tinued his voyage to the upper end of the sound, where Block Island 
still perpetuates his name. Soon after, the Dutch several times 
stopped at Quinnipiac or " Rodenberg," with a view of establishing a 
trading post, but found little to encourage them in taking such a step. 
The natives were poor and indolent, and there was no prospect for 
trade. In Branford, however, a Dutch trading house was built in after 
years. In the main there was nothing in the New Haven section to 
cause the Dutch to plant a .settlement, but upon these early discoveries 
they later based their claims of the ownership of Connecticut. 



6 mSTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In inso James I. granted a general patent of New England, which 
embraced this section. Ten years later the Plymouth colony con- 
veyed the Connecticut region to Robert, Earl of Warwick, and the 
same year it was confirmed to him by a patent from Charles I. The 
earl, on March 19th, 1631, in turn executed a patent for a part of this 
section to Viscount Say and Seal, Lord Robert Brooke, Sir Richard 
Saltonstall and their associates, among whom were John Hampden 
and others — all being noble, honorable men. In the same year the 
land was spied out by Governor Winslow of the Plymouth colony, 
who named himself the discoverer of the river and the valley of Con- 
necticut. And it was decided to make a settlement at Windsor. 

Thus there were two rival claimants to the same territory — the 
Dutch as discoverers, the English as patentees. In 1638 each effected 
a lodgment in the state, the Dutch building a fort at Hartford; the 
English, through William Holmes, of the Plymouth colony, putting 
up a house at Windsor, a point on the river seven miles north. Nat- 
ttrally there was contention between the two nationalities, each as- 
serting its claim, but in the course of a few years the Dutch yielded, 
sold their interests to the English, and withdrew from this soil. 

In the meantime the English had carried out their plans to occupy 
the country more completely than their rivals, and hurried on to the 
scenes of their new homes, undeterred by the hostility of some In- 
dians, who had in 1634 murdered Captains Stone and Norton, with 
eight men, while they were on the Connecticut river. In 1635 they 
made preparations to establish settlements at Windsor, Hartford and 
Wethersfield, and in the furtherance of this purpose some sixty per- 
sons left Massachusetts to take up their abode in those localities. In- 
stead of sailing up the river, they went thither on foot, driving their 
cattle before them, in the wilderness. The following winter was very 
severe, and there being a scarcity of food, many suffered from famine. 
(3thers, at the risk of losing their lives in the snow and storms, re- 
turned to the Plymouth colonists. 

But the purpose to found a new state assumed encouraging forms, 
in spite of these obstacles. In the fall of 1635 John Winthrop, jr., 
was appointed governor of the " river Connecticut," by the owners of 
the Warwick patent, to hold his office for one year, after his arrival at 
that i^lace. He came to the mouth of the Connecticut, where he built 
a small fort and named it for his patrons, Say-Brook. The settlers 
were now assured of greater safety from the Dutch and the Indians, 
and the subsequent events soon justified the wisdom of such a move, 
for, in 1636, the Indians besieged the fort. On the 20th of April, 1636, 
the colonists on the Connecticut held their first court, or general coun- 
cil, at Newtown (Hartford), the meeting being composed of the three 
settlements named: Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield, which was 
another step toward permanent organization. And when, in the 
month of June, the .same year, Reverend Thomas Hooker and his 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 7 

assistant, Samuel Stone, with about one hundred people, joined the 
settlers at Hartford, the force of numbers and the added weight of the 
character of the settlers were bound to carry it to success. Nothing 
now appeared to obscure its future but the wily Pequot -Indians. 
They again committed depredations the latter part of 1636, and were 
so hostile in the spring of 1637 that the court at Hartford deterinined 
on war against them May 1st, 16.37. Twenty-five days later, under the 
leadership of the intrepid Captain John Mason, the Indians were 
attacked at their fort at Mystic (New London), which was destroyed. 
Six hundred savages were slain, and the remainder were dispersed. 
Their flight along the coast westward followed. A sachem and a few 
followers were overtaken in Guilford and beheaded, the act giving 
name to that point on the sound shore. The rest of the Pequots were 
brought to a stand in a swamp in Fairfield county. A fierce fight 
ensued, and July 13th, 1637, the Pequots were so completely defeated 
that they were thereafter powerless. The pursuit of these fugitive 
Indians was the means of introducing the English into the New 
Haven country. Upon the return home of the whites they gave such 
glowing accounts of the Quinnipiac region that it was determined to 
further explore it with a view to its settlement by some of the newly 
arrived emigrants from England at Massachusetts Bay. 

Accordingly, early in the month of September, 1637, an exploring 
party of twenty men, led by Theophilus Eaton, after viewing the 
Connecticut coast from Rhode Island west, sailed into the harbor of 
Quinnipiac. The advantages of the situation pleased them, and they 
determined to secure the country, and on this harbor found a com- 
mercial city, in which they could carry out the principles which led 
them into the New World. Eaton and most of his associates belonged 
to the company of Puritans which followed Reverend John Daven- 
port to x\merica in the " Hector" and her consort, landing in Boston 
June 26th, 1637. This company was coinposed of men of wealth, edu- 
cation and influence, most of them being the old parishioners of Mr. 
Davenport's St. Stephen's church, Coleman street, London. When he 
was persecuted on account of his religious belief, they stood by him 
and resolved to cast their lots with him, even though it involved the 
sacrifice of position and invited persecution upon themselves. At 
Boston they were warmly welcomed, and every effort was made to 
persuade them to settle in the Bay colony. The report of the " famous 
Mr, Davenport and the opulence of the merchants who accompanied 
him, gave to this company, in the estimation of the colonists, an un- 
usual value." So strong was the desire that they should remain that 
the "General Court offered them any place which they should 
choose." 

It appears, however, that all these persuasions were in vain, as 
most of the Davenport party were not content to become a part of an 
established community. " It is probable that the motive which had 



8 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the greatest influence with the principal men was the desire of being 
at the head of a new government, modeled both in civil and religious 
matters agreeably to their own apprehensions. In laj'ing the founda- 
tions of a new colony there was a fair probability that they might 
accommodate all matters of church and commonwealth to their own 
feelings and sentiments. But in Massachusetts the principal men 
were fixed in the chief seats of government, which they were likely 
to keep, and their civil and religious polity was alread}^ formed."* It 
may be, al.so, that they had some sort of an agreement or compact 
which prevented them from becoming a part of an established com- 
munity which, together with other considerations, made them very 
anxious to become a separate colony. It was determined to make a 
wise selection of territory, removed from all external influences, 
but enjoying all natural advantages. The task of selecting it was 
entrusted to Eaton, who was one of their most experienced and practi- 
cal business men. After examining the possibilities of the Ouinnip- 
iac region Eaton and thirteen of his men set sail for Boston to make 
their report to the expectant company. The other seven men were 
first assisted in building a hut, in which they could subsist during the 
winter and retain possession of the land. It is believed that this 
humble first habitation in the county stood near a spring which w-as 
in the locality of where are now Church and George streets, and was 
perhaps, quite rude in its appointments. It was tenanted by Joshua 
Atwater, Francis Brown, Robert Pigg, Thomas Hogg, John Beecher 
and two others, who.se names have not been preserved. It has very 
properly been supposed that a part of the time of these .seven men 
was occupied in cutting and hewing timbers to build houses the fol- 
lowing spring, when they should be joined by the other members of 
the projected colony. They probably suffered but little hardship 
during the winter, as there was an abundance of game, and fish and 
oysters could also be obtained. One of their number, supposed to 
have been John Beecher, died and was buried at a point about fifty 
rods east of their hut. In IToO, v\'hile the cellar for the stone house at 
the corner of George and Meadow streets was being dug, his bones 
were found, after being forgotten many years. It is believed that 
this John Beecher was the ancestor of the celebrated Beecher family 
in this country.f The other members of the Davenport company re- 
mained in Boston all winter, living in such places as they could find 
shelter, but presumably keeping up their organization as a company, 
and perfecting their plans to occupy their new houses, as soon as the 
season would permit. 

Those coming from London in the "Hector" and her consort 
numbered about fifty adult males and the entire company comprised 

* Trumbull. 

•I- What lends color to this belief is the fact that among the company landing 
at New Haven in April, l(i3,s, was the widow Beecher, with several sons. 



HISTORY OF XEW HAVEN COUXTV. 9 

about 25() persons. But when, on the 8()th of ^March, 1638, the com- 
pany left for the Quinnipiac it received many accessions from the 
Massachusetts colonies, so that there may have been near three hun- 
dred persons, and having property aggregating- in value about £'SQ,- 
000. After skirting along the coast leisurely for a fortnight the ves- 
sel in which they sailed from Boston reached the Quinnipiac harbor, 
and passed up a small stream, called West creek, long since filled up 
and now extinct. A landing was effected near a large oak tree which 
stood where are now George and College streets, when they offered 
prayer and thanksgiving to God for his mercy in bringing them .safe- 
ly to these shores. A few days later, April 15th, 1638, they ob.served 
their first Sabbath here by holding a meeting under this tree. This 
was also attended by some Indians who had become acquainted with 
the six men remaining here and were on friendh* terms with them. 
Mr. Davenport preached upon the "Temptations of the wilderness." 
basing his remarks upon Matthew iv: 1. The occasion was most solemn 
and impressive, as one can readily imagine. In the afternoon Rever- 
end Peter Prudden preached. He was the leader of the Hereford 
county people, who had come to Boston in the vessel "James," sail- 
ing from Bristol. They came to Quinnipiac with the London com- 
pany and remained here with them until the}' could occupy their own 
plantations at Milford, a year later. Thus was founded the religious 
commonwealth which became known as the New Haven colony, and 
from that Sabbath until the present time religious meetings have 
been regularly held in this county, no circumstances of season or 
place being allowed to interrupt them. 

Not long after this the settlers at Quinnipiac observed a day of 
fasting and prayer, to prepare them to enter into a solemn compact 
which they called the "Plantation covenant" and which should 
provisionally govern them until they should be further incor- 
porated as a church and a state. The terms of the covenant 
were as follows: "That, as in matters which concern the gathering 
and ordering of a church, so also in all public offices which con- 
cern civil honor — as the choice of magistrates and officers, making 
and repealing laws, dividing allotments of inheritance, and all 
things of like nature— they would all of them be ordered by the 
rules which the Scripture held forth to them." Under this initial 
government, with the Bible as the sole guide, the affairs of the settle- 
ment were administered more than a year and a half. 

In the mean time, the site for their future town had been selected 
and the work of building houses had been pushed actively forward. 
The plain north of West creek, where lay their pinnace still affording 
them temporary shelter, was chosen as the place for the home lots. 
George street was laid out half a mile long parallel with the creek 
and taken as a base line upon which was described a square, also half 
a mile long. This was divided by two parallel streets running east 



10 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

and west, and by two parallel streets running north and south, into- 
nine equal squares. The one in the centerwas sequestered as a market 
place and became the celebrated New Haven Green. The other eight 
squares or quarters, as they were called, were fenced and assigned to 
settlers for house lots, a number being grouped together, and the size 
varying according to the number of persons in a family or in propor- 
tion to the amount the family had invested in the common stock of the 
company. Usually these quarters were known by the names of their 
principal occupants or the principal men to whom they were assigned. 
The northeast one became known as Governor Eaton's quarter. The 
north center one was assigned to Robert Newman; the east center to 
John Davenport; the southeast to George Lamberton; the south cen- 
ter to Thomas Gregson, etc. Around this half mile square were sub- 
urban quarters, those on the west side being temporarily occupied by 
the Yorkshire and Herefordshire people. The half mile square not 
being sufficient for house lots, two additions were surveyed, the one 
being southeast of the main plot and extending to the harbor. It was. 
enclosed by the present George, Water, INIeadow and State streets. 
The other addition was on the west side of West creek. All of them 
were laid out by John Brockett, who apparently was a skillful survey- 
or, as his angles were nicely made. 

Many of the colonists put up large houses, a number of them being 
two stories high, and "tradition reports that the house of Theophilus 
Eaton was .so large as to have nineteen fire places and that it was 
lofty as well as large. Davenport's house on the opposite side of the 
street, is said to have had thirteen fire places."* In this matter of 
building these colonists laid them.selves liable to criticism by the 
other colonies, and Hubbard, the historian, .said : "They laid out too 
much of their stocks and estates in building of fair and stately houses 
wherein they at the first outdid the rest of the country." It is sup- 
posed that some of these buildings were not completed for several 
years and as labor and material were cheap the expen.se may, after 
all, not have been so great. As an excuse or explanation wh}^ this 
style of building was so general, it may be .said that the founders of 
New Haven were mainly gentlemen and merchants, used to living 
in superior houses in London and in other parts of England, and hav- 
ing the means at their command, it was (|uite the proper thing for 
them to here build "stately" houses, especially when it was their am- 
bition to make this a great commercial town. The failure of this pur- 
pose and the necessity which forced them to accept the conditions of 
a planter's life were after considerations. And it does not appear 
that the actual farm buildings, later put up, were superior to those in 
other parts of the state. It should be noted, too, that not all of New 
Haven's first settlers lived in " stately " houses. Some of those in 
more moderate circumstances, or those who came later in the sea.son,. 

* Stiles' History of the Judges. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 11 

spent the winter of 1G3S--9 in huts or habitations which, in these later 
days, have become popularly known as " dug-outs" — being an excava- 
tion on a side hill, covei^ed over with grass upon which a la^^er of earth 
has been placed. They insured warmth and a fair degree of comfort, 
but were not, in any way, "fair and stately." 

The settlement received an addition to its numbers, in October, 
1638, when .some Yorkshire people under the leadership of Ezekiel 
Rogers, a non-conformist minister of hio-h standino-, came to America 
with a view of becoming a part of the Ouinnipiac plantation. After 
arriving in Massachusetts, and after some of the party had already 
come to New Haven, Mr. Rogers changed his mind and established 
himself at Rowley, Mass., to which place, subsequently, some of the 
Yorkshire people returned. The principal settlers at Ouinnipiac were 
now John Davenport, Samuel Eaton, Theophilus Eaton, David Yale, 
Thomas Gregson, Matthew Gilbert, John Evance, Stephen Goodyear, 
William Peck, Robert Newman, Francis Newman, Thomas Fugill, 
George Lamberton and Ezekiel Cheever. Most of them were reputed 
wealthy, and had been honored in the old country in social positions 
to an unusual degree, and were, all in all, in character, greater than 
those who had previously come to the New World. 

In all this period the English lived on the most friendly terms 
with the Indians, who appeared to be glad to have them in their 
midst. As has been stated, they were few in number, peaceful and 
unambitious. Whatever native spirit they may have had was crushed 
by their fears of the Mohawks and the Pequots, who had completely 
subjugated the feeble tribes living in the New Haven country, and by 
exacting frequent tribute had kept them very poor. If they refused 
or neglected to honor their demands, the Mohawks would sweep 
down upon them, plundering them at will, and, at times, carried them 
into captivity. The very cry of " A Mohawk! a Mohawk!" would 
" cause them to fly like sheep before wolves, without attempting the 
least resistance."* The Mohawks thereupon would taunt them, cry- 
ing out in the most terrible manner, in their language: " We are 
come! we are come to suck your blood!" The presence of the English 
relieved them of their fears, and did not interfere with their avoca- 
tions. But Eaton and his associates were too good business men not 
to know that they ought to have some title to the soil, and, accord- 
ingly, made a treaty with the Quinnipiac Indians, whereby they, as 
original owners, conferred their rights upon the whites — represented 
by Theophilus Eaton and John Davenport. The Indian representa- 
tives were the Ouinnipiac sachem, Momaugin, and his sister, Shaump- 
ishuh, and four of his chief men. The conveyance was as follows: 

" First. That Jslomaugin is the sole sachem of Ouinnipiac, and hath 
absolute and independent power to give, alien, dispose or sell all or 
any part of the lands of Ouinnipiac, and that whatsoever he and his 

* Atwater's New Haven Colony. 



12 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN" COUXTV. 

companions shall now do and conclude shall stand firm and inviolable 
against all claims and persons whatsoever. 

" Second. The said sachem and his company, among which there 
was a squaw sachem called Shaumpishuh, sister to the sachem, re- 
membering and acknowledging the heavy taxes and imminent dan- 
gers which they lately felt and feared from the Pequots, Mohawks 
and other Indians, and observing the safety and ease that other 
Indians enjoy near the English — of which benefit the}' have had a 
comfortable taste alreadv, since the English began to build and to 
plant at Ouinnipiac, which with all thankfulness they now acknowl- 
edge — jointly and freely gave and yielded up all their rights, title, 
and interest to all the lands, rivers, ponds and trees, with all the 
liberty and appurtenances belonging unto the same in Ouinnipiac. to 
the utmost of their bounds, east, west, north, south, unto Theophilus 
Eaton, John Davenport and others, the present English planters 
there, and to their heirs and assigns forever: stipulating only that the 
said English planters should grant them such portions of ground on 
the east side of the harbor, towards the fort at the mouth of the river 
of Connecticut, as might be sufficient for them, being but few in num- 
ber, to plant in; and that this be under the entire control of the 
English, subject to such limitations as they might deem fit: and the 
Indians, moreover, promising not to remove to another part of Ouin- 
nipiac without the consent of the English. 

■' Third. The said sachem and company, desiring to hunt and fish 
within the bounds of Ouinnipiac, do hereby covenant and bind them- 
.selves not to set traps so as to injure the animals belonging to the 
English, nor in any way inconvenience them by their hunting. 

" Fourth. The said sachem and company do hereb}' covenant and 
bind themselves that none of them henceforth shall hanker about any 
of the Engli.sh houses at the time when they meet for public worship 
of God; nor on the Lord's day, henceforward, to be seen within the 
compass of the English town carrying on an}- manner of business; 
nor, henceforward, without leave open any latch belonging to any 
Englishman's door; nor stay in any Englishman's house after due 
warning to leave; nor do any violence or injury to the person of the 
English, whether man, woman or child, — and if the English do any 
wrong to the Indians, upon complaint, just recompense shall be made; 
nor shall any of them henceforward use any Englishman's boat with- 
out leave; nor come into the English town with bows and arrows, or 
any other weapons whatsoever, in number above six Indians so armed 
at a time. 

•• Fifth. The parties above named do truly bind and covenant to 
pay the full value of any cattle whatsoever of the English which they 
shall kill or hurt casually or negligently; to pay double the value for 
anv they shall kill or hurt wilfullv; and to bring back home anv strav- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUXTV. 13 

ing cattle of the English which they shall find, receiving a moderate 
price in recompense for the same. 

" Sixt/i. The number of the men and youths of Quinnipiac Indians 
being forty-seven at present, they do covenant not to receive or admit 
any other Indians among them without leave from the Engli.sh; nor 
to harbor any that are enemies to the English, but to apprehend such 
and deliver them up; also to inform the English of any plots which 
they are aware are being formed against them by the Indians or 
others. 

"Lastly. The said sachem and company do hereby promise truly 
and carefully to observe and keep all and ever}^ one of these articles 
of agreement, and to deliver up all of their number who shall break 
them to the English magistrate. In consideration of all which, they 
desire from the English, that, in any time of danger, they may repair 
to the English plantation for shelter, and that the English will defend 
them from all unjust injuries. But in anj- quarrels or wars with other 
Indians for which they are to blame, they shall not expect aid from 
the English. And the English planters, aforementioned, accepting 
and granting according to the tenor of the premises, do further of 
their own accord, by way of free and thankfirl retribution, give unto 
said sachem and Company of Quinnipiac Indians, tivclvc coats of English 
tucking cloth, tzcclvc achcuiy spoo)is, tivclvc hatchets, tivclvc hoes, tioo dozen 
of knives, twelve porringers, and four cases French knives and scissors." 

It will be seen that this treaty practically put the Indians upon 
their good behavior not only with the whites, but with one another, 
and that the Oitinnipiacs were pledged the protection which they so 
much needed in case the}' deported themselves properly. It should 
also be borne in mind that while the consideration of purchase was 
small, the Indians really had n/orc than before, namely: all the priv- 
ileges of a " place to sit down," i.e., a home, and the right to hunt and 
fish, unharrassed by fears of the Mohawks or the Pequots. Hence the 
English should not be blamed for any act of injustice in getting this 
land apparently very cheap. Thomas vStanton served as an interpre- 
ter in negotiating this treaty. 

North of the Quinnipiacs was a large tract of land claimed by a 
sachem named Montowese, a son of the Indian chieftain, Sowheag, 
who lived at Middletown. This was also purchased by the whites — 
Eaton and his associates — December 11th, 1638, on much the same 
basis as the foregoing, the consideration being " eleven coats of truck- 
ing cloth and one coat of English cloth, made up after the English 
manner." The tract of land thus alienated by Montowese and his as- 
sociate Indian, Sauseunck, was described as " extending about ten 
miles in length from north to south, eight miles easterly from the 
river of Quinnipiac toward the river of Connecticut, and five miles 
westerly toward Hudson's river." Montowese reserved a piece of 
land where he lived, where is now the present village of Montowese^ 



14 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

in North Haven, " for his men which are ten and many sqna\vs, to 
plant in.'" 

The territory thu.s acquired b}- the two purchases embraced all of 
the old town of New Haven and most of the Branfords — an area which 
is now occupied by nine towns, which, as we have seen, was at that 
time controlled by about sixty warriors. After these treaties most of 
these Indians dwelt on the reservations named until the already small 
tribes became extinct. Of the Ouinnipiacs. Barber in his Historical 
Collections, of IS'56, said, " They dwelt in the summer on the shore 
for the convenience of fishing; and in the winter in the forests, for 
the convenience of fuel." 

" They had a place for powwowing in East Haven, about three- 
quarters of a mile east of the Harbor bridge. The spot was formerly 
a swamp, and is now a meadow." 

" Charles, the last sachem of this tribe, died about one hundred 
years ago. He was frozen to death near a .spring, about one mile 
north of the Congregational church in East Haven." 

"They caught round clams with their feet, and taught the English 
to catch them in this manner." 

" The Indian arrow-heads, frequently found here, are exactly like 
some which have been brought from Cape Horn." 

" At Fort Hill, or, as it is now called. Beacon Hill, there was for- 
merly an Indian fort and an Indian burying ground, on the eastern side 
of the hill. The name of this spot was formerly Indian Hill. The 
above is about all the account we have of the original inhabitants." 

So far as known the relations of these Indians to the whites were 
entirely peaceable, and while there may have been some apprehen- 
sions that the settlers might be attacked by predatory bands of In- 
dians, who sometimes visited this section, it does not appear that there 
was occasion for serious alarm. With the possible exception of some 
little annoyance in consequence of petty thefts, the planters were not 
■discommoded by these Indians, but learned from them some of the 
arts which made life in this new country more agreeable. 

A band of the Ouinnipiacs, over whom was the squaw sachem 
Shaumpishuh, the sister of Momaugin, lived in the Menuncatuc part 
of Guilford. On the 29th of September, 1039. she deeded her interests 
there to the whites, represented by Henry Whitfield, Robert Kitchell, 
William Leete and others, and came to reside with her brother at East 
Haven, She brought with her 34 of her people. Some of the rest of 
the Menuncatucs took up their abode on Indian Point, in Branford, 
where they were allowed to remain by the Totoket settlers, and were 
•encouraged in the ways of civilization. Thirty-three more persons 
were allowed to "sit down " in Guilford, .so that her entire clan may 
not have embraced more than one hundred persons. 

Along the Hammonassett the land was claimed by Uncas, chief of 
the Mohegans, having become possessor of the same by marriage. 



HISTORY OF NEW IIAVEX COUNTY. 15 

He sold his interests there to Mr. Fenwick, of Saybrook. froin whom 
it passed to the Guilford planters. In January, 1068, he and his son, 
Ahaddon, sold their remaining interests on the north to the settlers 
•of that part of the county. 

In the southwestern part of the county, the Wepowaugs were a 
numerous and rather important tribe, but also without warlike pro- 
clivities. They deeded their interests, February 12th, 1639, to the 
Milford planters— William Fowler, Zachariah Whitman, Edmund 
Tapp and others, and a number were permitted to remain on the 
reservations on the coast and on Turkey hill. They were properly 
•clans of the Pootatucks, and occupied five different settlements. At 
Derby was another clan, called the Paugassetts, and the Indians 
higher up the valley, sometimes called the Naugatucks, sustained a 
•similar relation. ^lany of them removed to state reservations, but a 
number remained in their respective localities until their death.* 

It seems that in all New Haven county the aborigines were only 
■about a thousand in number at the coming of the whites, and declined 
from year to year, notwithstanding the honorable treatment they re- 
ceived at the hands of their pale-faced brethren. In all their dealings 
wath them they were humanely treated, the agreements were faith- 
fully observed, and there does not appear one act of grievous 
wrong or bloodshed charged against the first white settlers of New 
Haven. 

In this period of the acquisition of territory the settlers at Ouinnip- 
iac were governed by the terms of the " Plantation Covenant," all 
the civil business being transacted by the officers of the joint stock 
company, chief among whom were Davenport and Eaton. But the 
time had now come, when in the furtherance of the purpose to estab- 
lish a religious commonwealth, a more comprehensive instrument 
should be adopted. Hence on the 4th of June, 1639, all the free plant- 
ers convened in the large barn of Robert Newman, to deliberate upon 
the plan for laying the foundations of their religious and civil polity. 
Mr. Davenport preached an appropriate sermon, when he propounded 
a series of six queries to the assembled freemen, which in his mind 
■embodied the proper basis upon which the church and state should be 
erected. Lest there should be anj' misapprehension as to the mean- 
ing of these propositions, Robert Newman wrote them out, and after 
reading them distinctly, each query was acted on separately, after its 
merits had been freely discussed, and all received a unanimous assent. 
The articles of " Fundamental Agreement " thus adopted have been 
summarized as follows : 

''First. That the Scriptures are a perfect guide in the government 
of families and commonwealths, as well as in matters of the church. 

"Sixoiid. That all the free planters hold themselves bound by the 
■* plantation covenant," made soon after their arrival, and covenant to 

*See town histories for accounts of these Indians. 



16 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

submit themselves to be ordered, in all the business specified in that 
covenant, by the rules held forth in the Scriptures. 

" Tliird. That all the free planters purpose and desire to be 
admitted into church fellow.ship as soon as it shall be possible for 
them. 

■•Fourth. That all the free planters hold themselves bound to 
establish such civil order as shall best conduce to the securing of the 
purity and peace of the ordinances to themselves and their po.sterity 
according to God. 

" Fiftli. That free burge.s.ses shall be chosen out of church mem- 
bers ; and the power of choosing magistrates and officers from among 
themselves, of making and repealing laws, of dividing inheritances, 
of deciding differences which may arise, and like business, should be 
held by these burgesses. 

''Sixth. That twelve men, fitted for the work of founding the 
church, shall be chosen, who shall choo.se out of their number the 
seven best fitted, and these shall begin the church."- 

One hundred and eleven persons subscribed to these articles of 
agreement. 

In accordance with the sixth provision, in the " Fundamental Agree- 
ment," the following were chosen to lay the foundation of the church, 
/,(■., to .select the seven pillars upon which it was to be builded : 
Theophilus Eaton, John Davenport, Robert Newman, Matthew 
Gilbert, Thomas Fugill, John Punderson, Jeremiah Di.xon, Richard 
Melbou, Nathaniel Turner, Ezekiel Cheever, William Andrews.+ The 
seven finst named in this list were in due time selected and designated 
as the "Seven Pillars" or free burge.sses, whose duty it was to 
organize the church and the state. The former, as the " First Church 
of Christ," was gathered and constituted August 22d, 16:}9, and was 
composed solely of free and accepted burgesses. 

On the 2oth of October, 1639, the " Seven Pillars " completed their 
work, by forming the civil government. A court was organized, 
which was composed of all those who had been received into the 
fellowship of the church, or who as .such church members elsewhere 
might be admitted upon taking the oath of allegiance " to the civil 
government here settled." They thus became citizens of this little 
commonwealth, owning no allegiance to any other government what- 
soever. To this court or civil form of government was now entrusted 
the management of affairs, it having been ordained that " all former 
power, or trust, for-management of any public affairs in this planta- 
tion, into who.se hands .soever formerly committed is now abrogated 
and is henceforward utterly to cea.se." After proper exhortation by 
Mr. Davenport upon the importance of selecting worthy men as their 
rulers, Theophilus Eaton was chosen the first magistrate of the infant 

*Wm. H. Beckford. 

tEleven names only appear in the records. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 17 

republic. Four deputies \vere chosen to assist him. " It was decreed 
by the freemen that there should be a general court annually, in the 
plantation, on the last week in October. This was ordained a court of 
election, in which all the officers of the colony were to be chosen. 
This court determined that the word of God should be the only rule 
for ordering the affairs of government in that commonwealth. 

" This was the original, fundamental constitution of the govern- 
ment of New Haven. All government was originally in the church 
and the members of the church elected the governor, magistrates and 
all other officers. " ''^ * As the plantation was enlarged and new 
towns were settled, new orders were given ; the general court received 
a new form, laws were enacted and the civil polity of this jurisdiction 
gradually advanced, in its essential parts, to a near resemblance of the 
government of Connecticut."* 

This model and scriptural foundation for the civil state was also 
adopted by the planters of Milford, when their little republic was 
established in the fall of 1639, and by the planters of Guilford, a few 
months later in the same year. Both of these plantations were essen- 
tially distinct from the Ouinnipiac plantation, but had from the begin- 
ning a common interest in the success of the Christian commonwealth 
idea, their forms of church organization and civil polity being the 
same as that of New Haven. But all their affairs were exclusively 
managed within their own plantations until the jurisdiction of New 
Haven was formed in 1048. In August or September, 1639, the 
Milford planters, to the number of 54, left Quinnipiac, and soon after. 
Air. Whitfield and his followers, from Kent and Essex, who had come 
to Quinnipiac the previous summer — 48 planters in all — went in the 
opposite direction to found Guilford. f 

In September, 1640, the Ouinnipiac freemen held a general court, 
when the name of the plantation was changed to New Haven. In 
this year Stamford was purchased cf the Indians by Captain Turner 
and was settled in November of that year under the direction of New 
Haven. About the same time the town of Southold, on Long Island, 
was settled by a colony from Hingham, England, which had tarried 
at New Haven a short period, and in both colonies the New Haven 
idea found lodgement. In 1640 an attempt was also made, by New 
Haven, to plant a colony on the Delaware river, but that venture 
proved unsuccessful, and was abandoned in a few years. After all 
these changes, in 1639-40, it was computed that the populationof New 
Haven proper was about 460. 

Soon after these colonies became apprehensive of Indian attack 
and realizing their defenceless condition as single or independent 
communities, a plan for the consolidation under one jurisdiction was 
perfected in 1643. New Haven being the oldest and most influential 

*Trumbuirs History of Conn. tSee accounts of Milford and Guilford. 



18 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN" COUNTY. 

town (as those plantations ^vere now soon called) it was agreed that 
the jurisdiction or general colony should be kncnvn by its name. The 
towns of New Haven. Milford, Guilford and Stamford sent delegates 
to the general court at New Haven, and on October 27th, 164:1 the 
articles of confederation for the jurisdiction were adopted. This 
court was composed of the following : 

Magistrates: Theophilus Eaton, Governor; vStephen Goodyear, 
Deputy: Thomas Gregson, William Fowler, Edmund Tapp. Depu- 
ties: George Lamberton, New Haven ; John Astwood. John Sherman, 
Milford ; William Leete, .Samuel Di.sbrough, Guilford : Richard Gilder- 
sleeve, John Whitmore, Stamford. 

In 1644 Branford was settled under the New Haven jurisdiction 
and was joined to the colony under the same terms of this fundamental 
agreement of October, 1648, so that the colony as long as it existed 
embraced all the settled parts of the county. Its authority was thus 
acknowledged by the towns of New Haven, Milford, Branford and 
Guilford, the only organized communities, until this colony was 
absorbed by Connecticut in 1665. 

In the same year that the New Haven jurisdiction was established, 
a combination was formed between the then four colonies of New 
England: Massachusetts, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven, 
under the title of " United Colonies of New England." The alliance 
was for the purpose of mutual defense against the Indians and the 
Dutch, and was found especially serviceable in King Philip's war, 
which seriously threatened some of the English settlements. In 
many respects this union resembled the confederation of the thirteen 
colonies, which carried the war of the revolution to a successful issue. 
The first representatives from New Haven to its general meeting were 
Theophilus Eaton and Thomas Gregson. 

In several important particulars the New Haven colony differed 
very much from other colonies in this country. In the articles of con- 
federation " It was agreed and concluded as a fundamental order, not 
to be disputed or questioned hereafter, that none shall be admitted to 
be free burgesses in any of the plantations within this jurisdiction for 
the future, but such planters as are members of some or other of the 
approved churches in New England." It will be seen that the design 
was to make this fundamental agreement unchangeable and unalter- 
able for all time, thus throwing a safeguard around the " Church- 
State " which would protect it against attempted changes. This 
theory was very dear to the founders of New Haven and although 
strange it now appears to us, proved successful in its application in 
this colony. In no other community was there a greater degree of 
civil order and a better exemplification of public morality than in 
New Haven under her colonial jurisdiction. 

Another marked point of difference, aside from the limitation of 
the right of suffrage, was the absence of the jury system. That 



HISTDRV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 19 

method was here given no place whatsoever. It was left for the 
jndges to determine all questions of fact, evidence and law, and their 
powers in trials were scarcely limited. But it does not appear that 
there was any miscarriage of justice in consequence, for the judges 
were righteous men. No doubt, though, with a less exalted standard 
of morality, this system would have become a disturbing factor. 
Indeed, as it was, in some degree it helped to mould opinion favorable 
to a union with Connecticut, where the right of trial by jury was given 
an important place. 

Soon after the union of the New England colonies difficulties arose 
between New Haven colony and the Dutch, which continued several 
years. The latter harassed the colony to a considerable extent, their 
onslaughts being more particularly directed against the settlements 
planted on the Delaware, which eventuated in their abandonment, 
and leaving the Dutch in possession of that territory. A warm dis- 
pute concerning the territorj^ lying between New Haven and New 
Netherland was also carried on, with but little interruption until 1(364, 
when the dominion of the English over it was recognized. Pending 
the consideration of these matters and in consequence of them, the 
New Haven colony had a misunderstanding with the colony of 
Mas.sachusetts, which marred the harmonious feeling which should 
properly have existed between them : but. in the main, the colony 
history for the first twenty years was without any extraordinary 
features. Under the wise direction of Governor Theophilus Eaton 
and his judicious associates in the general court, the colony advanced 
in a degree proportionate with the efforts made to extend its pros- 
perity. Churches and schools especially were in this period placed 
tipon secure footings. Theidea of a Christian commonwealth was also, 
from year to year, more clearly developed, and as has been stated, as 
long as the several towns selected their best, most prudent men to 
administer their affairs, as directed by usage and the now accepted 
written and definite system of laws, perfected by Eaton, order and 
morality held supreme sway. This code of laws was adopted in 1655, 
five hundred copies being printed in England, at the expense of Mr. 
Hopkins, for the use of the colony. It is said that there are now but 
four copies of this issue known to be in existence, and so rare is the 
little book esteemed that it is held to be worth twenty-fold its weight 
in o-old.* This little digest became famous as the " Blue Laws," 
which have been much criticised and held up to ridicule in these 
modern times. It is possible that the scriptural rules upon which 
these laws were based may have been too literally applied for the 
conditions which existed in that age, and which, of course, are farther 
removed from their primitive simplicity in the.se times; but there can 
be no doubt that Eaton and his coadjutors .sincerely believed that 

*A copy purchased for the State Library, a few years ago, cost §431). 



20 HISTORY OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

this code would advance the i-eal good of their community and that 
they were for that purpose framed. 

Governor Eaton undoubtedly had clear ideas of civil government, 
and very decided and positive opinions of the divine nature of human 
government as built on the word of God. He had a strong love of 
justice and as a magistrate exercised the greatest impartiality. His 
honor was inflexible and his public spirit was liberal and of the most 
comprehensive kind. His conscientious efforts for the real good of 
the colony prevented much frivolous and extravagant legislation, and 
through his influence, largely, New Haven early became so zealous in 
the cause of education that it led the other towns in the state. 

Theophilus Eaton was the son of a clergyman, and was born at 
Stratford, England, in inoi. He was bred as a inerchant, was a busi- 
ness man in London. At one time he was the agent of the king of 
England at the court of Denmark. He accompanied Mr. Davenport 
to America in 1637, and to Quinnipiac in 1088, sharing with him the 
honor of founding the colony. He was the first magistrate of the 
plantation, and in 1643 was elected the first governor of the colony, to 
which office he was chosen yearly until his death in January, 1658. 
This was a severe loss to the colonists, whose esteem of him is best 
shown by the words they had engraved on his monument : 

" Eaton, — so famed, so wise, so just. 
The Phoeni.x of our world, — here hides his dust ; 
This name forget, New England never must." 

John Davenport, the other master spirit of the colony, was born in 
Coventry, England, in 1597. After being educated at Oxford, he 
became vicar of St. Stephen's church, Coleman street, London- 
Becoming a non-conformist he resigned his pastoral office and to 
escape persecution fled to Amsterdam, Holland, and later came to 
America. He became the pastor of the " First church " in the colony 
and was to the church what Eaton was to the state, although he also 
exercised a controlling influence in the latter. He and Eaton built 
their hou.ses opposite each other on the same street and were kindred 
spirits in every movement for the benefit of the colony. After the 
termination of the New Haven jurisdiction he lost hope in the success 
of the New Haven enterprise. Believing that " Christ's interests in 
New Haven colony were miserably lost, his roots were loosened and 
he was ready to leave his home and the child he had done so much to 
rear." Just at this time there came a call to the pastorate of the 
Boston church and he determined to remove to that city, where he 
apprehended he might better serve the cause for which he had so 
long contended. After thirty years' re.sidence at New Haven he 
removed to Boston in 1068, but after two years his earthly labors were 
ended by his death in that city. " He was a fine scholar, an able 
preacher, a clear-headed, far-seeing man, his views and opinions found 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 21 

an ample vindication in subsequent experience. The measures he 
maintained were ju.st ; those he opposed proved disastrous in the 
extreme."" 

In all the period that Theophilus Eaton was governor of^the New 
Haven colony, Stephen Goodyear was chosen and served as deputy 
governor. He was one of the most active of New Haven's business 
men and was engaged in many enterprises which proved of service to 
the colony. After Eaton's death it was proposed to elect him gover- 
nor, but his absence from the colony on business, in London, prevented. 
Before his retiarn he died in that city, in June, 1658. 

In May, 165S, Francis Newman, of New Haven, was elected gover- 
nor, and William Leete, of Guilford, deputy governor. The former 
had for some years been secretary of the New Haven jurisdiction and 
was well qualified from his training and association with Eaton to 
discharge his new duties. The latter was trained to the law and was 
one of the ablest of the Guilford planters. Both were reelected to 
their several offices in 1659 and 1660. On the ISth of November of 
the latter year Governor Newman died. In 1661 William Leete was 
elected governor of the colony, and Matthew Gilbert deputy governor, 
and both were reelected in 1662 and 1663. In 1664 William Leete 
was aeain chosen governor, and served until the end of the jurisdic- 
tion. At the same time William Jones was chosen the last deputy 
governor. 

Early in the administration of Governor Leete the colony was 
excited by the visits of two of the regicide judges, Edward Whalley 
and William Goff, who found shelter and an asylum in New Haven. 
Upon the accession to the throne of Charles the Second, son of the 
executed king, they fled for their lives and arrived in Boston July 
27th, 1660. 

" Edward Whalley came of an old and honored family. He was a 
first cousin of the lord-protector. During and after the civil war he 
held many important offices. He was the keeper of Charles the First, 
during the king's imprisonment, and his signature appears as the 
fourth upon the death warrant of the king. 

" William Goff was the son of Reverend Stephen Goff, a Puritan 
divine of Sussex, and pursued a military course similar to that of his 
friend. General Whalley. Like his friend, he rose from a private 
soldier to a major-general, and was also the trusty friend and associate 
of Cromwell. He gave valuable aid in purging the 'Long' and 
' Rump ' parliaments, and was one of the strongest advocates of the 
king's death." 

For some time they lived openly at Cambridge, but being warned 
by a royal proclamation fled toward New Haven March 7th, 1601. 
En route they stopped at Guilford and were fed and sheltered by 
Governor Leete, but soon proceeded to New Haven where Mr. Daven- 

*\Vebb's Historical Conn., p. 122. 



22 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

port first befriended them and concealed them in his house. Their 
pursuers under the royal proclamation were soon at their heels and in 
order to mislead them they made frequent excursions into the country. 
" Fearino^ lest they should bring trouble upon those who had aided 
them, they offered to surrender themselves to Governor Leete, but 
he claiming he had no proper warrant, was in no haste to do so. The 
judges now showed themselves publicly on the streets of New Haven, 
so as to clear their friends from any complicity with their conceal- 
ment, then disappeared from view. 

" When the officers of the crown visited New Haven, the magistrate 
and people showed them every civility, and were officious in aiding 
their search, while at the same time they did their best to secrete the 
refugees. They well said, ' We honor his Majesty, but we have tender 
consciences.' ' Their ' honor ' of his Majesty was not very deep, and 
was bounded only by their fears. Any open disobedience would have 
cost them dear, so they tendered the regicides the best aid they could 
in secret."* 

The judges fled to a cave formed by several large rocks, on the 
western stimmit of West Rock, which is still known as the Judges' 
Cave, where they remained for a while, and also occupied several 
places in Wood bridge, called the Lodge and Hatchet harbor, each 
place affording them temporary shelter where they were fed by 
friendly hands. On the 19th of August, 1661, they went to Milford, 
where they abode several years, but in 1064 they went to Hadley, 
Mass., where they remained until their death. There is a tradition, 
which appears to lack proper foundation, that their bones were sub- 
sequently brought to New Haven and buried on the green near where 
is now the monument to the memory of Colonel John Dixwell, the 
third of the regicide judges. He came to New Haven about 1670, and 
lived here in a very quiet manner as James Davids, until his death in 
1688. In the later years of his life he disclosed himself to the minister, 
the Reverend Pierpont, and a strong friendship sprang up between 
them. At his death he requested that a plain stone should mark his 
grave, with his initials, J. D., Esq., and date of his death and age, 
" lest his enemies might dishonor his ashes." His fears appear to 
have been well founded. President Stiles says, in his "Histoiy of the 
Judges": " Some officers, as late as 1775, visited and treated the graves 
with marks of indignity too indecent to be mentioned." The plain 
stone slab still stands near the Dixwell monument, in the rear of 
Center church at New Haven. The latter was erected over the bones 
of Colonel Dixwell in November, 1840, at the expense of a Mr. Dixwell, 
of Boston, who was a descendant. 

The incidents and traditions connected with the sojourn of the 
judges in New Haven county would form material for an interesting 
romance. Three fine avenues in the northwestern part of the citv of 
New Haven perpetuate the memory of these regicides. 

*Beckfiircl. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 23 

The residence of the regicides in New Haven colony and the mani- 
fest sympathy of many of her citizens with them, influenced in no 
small degree the future events of the jurisdiction. Under these cir- 
cumstances the colony could not reasonably hope for mucl> favorable 
consideration at the hands of the new king, Charles the Second. 
Governor Leete himself, who at heart countenanced the presence of 
the judges, was one of the first in public authority to entertain " fears 
that evil consequences might result to the colony and to him per- 
sonally from the neglect to apprehend the regicides,"* and was will- 
ing to enter into negotiations to avert the evil, "and to purchase his 
own peace." He assented to a proposition of Governor Winthrop, of 
the Connecticut colony, to obtain a royal patent which should embrace 
all the territory of the two colonies, and which would eventually unite 
them. It was plain to both of these statesmen, that such a union must 
prove advantageous. Governor Leete probably realized, too, that 
under royal rule the tenure of the colony would be very uncertain. 
While it was a fully organized body, so far as its own affairs were con- 
cerned, being in fact an independent little republic, its sole right to 
the soil upon which it existed was based upon Indian treaties and the 
sufferance of those who had not yet chosen to assert their claims under 
the warrant of former kings. A prudent policy of estate would 
demand a more explicit basis, which it was purposed to secure in a 
liberal and comprehensive charter. The work of procuring this was 
very properly undertaken by Governor Winthrop. His experience as 
governor of Connecticut since 1658, had impressed on him the needs 
of the colonists, which were further revealed to him by his many busi- 
ness affairs. He was, moreover, a man of education and large experi- 
ence as a traveler, which fitted him for the work of a diplomat. 

" In 1661, Governor Winthrop made a visit to England in the 
interests of the colony. He found in Lord Say and Seal, the only 
survivor of the original patentees, a warm friend, through whose in- 
fluence he was enabled to gain audience with Charles II. At this 
interview, Winthrop, with his wonted tact, first presented the king a 
ring that had been given by Charles I. to his grandfather, and then 
presented a petition from the colony of Connecticut for a royal charter. 
This charter, freely granted by the king, can still be seen in the office 
of the secretary of state at Hartford, framed with wood from the 
Charter Oak. Based, as this instrument was, upon the colonial consti- 
tution of 1639, it was indeed a royal gift, and proved of great value to 
the young colony, as evidenced by the many subsequent attempts to 
revoke it on the part of the succes.sors of Charles II. "f 

The jurisdiction of the charter extended over a territory including 
New Haven, and being nearly what is now the present state. It was 
a most liberal document. " It conferred upon the colonists unqualified 

*Atwater. tW. S. ^Vebb. 



24 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

power to govern themselves. They were allowed to elect all their 
own officers, to enact their own laws, to administer justice without 
appeals to England, to inflict puni.sliirients, to confer pardons and in 
a word, to exercise every jDower, deliberative and active. The king, 
far from reserving a negative on the acts of the colony, did not even 
require that the laws should be transmitted for his inspection ; and 
no provision was made for the interference of the English govern- 
ment, in any event whatever. Connecticut was independent, except 
in name.""'- 

The charter bore date April •22d, 1062. but it did not reach this 
country until some months later. At the general a.ssembly held at 
Hartford October 9th, 1662, " the Patent or Charter was this day pub- 
licly read in audience of the freemen and declared to belong to them 
and their successors." 

In November, 1662, Connecticut made overtures of union to the 
New Haven colony, but inasmuch as the charter did not limit the 
right of suffrage to accepted church members, that question became 
the " great bone of contention," and a bitter controversy ensued which 
kept the colonists apart more than two years. Davenport and his 
adherents were very loth to surrender the principle of a " church- 
state " for which they had so long labored, earnestly maintaining that 
there was no safety in entrusting the civil affairs into the hands of 
"an orderly citizen," posse.ssed of a certain amount of property, as was 
the Connecticut requirement. But this liberal provision in the royal 
charter especially commended the union to disaffected citizens of the 
New Haven jurisdiction who made individual application for citizen- 
ship in Connecticut. Some of them, after being received as freemen, 
no longer recognized the New Haven authority, which had, as ma}' 
easily be imagined, a demoralizing effect. This plan was contrary to 
the purposes of Governors Winthrop and Leete, who had an under- 
standing that the freemen of New Haven should not be brought under 
the authority established by the charter unless by their own consent, "f 
meaning, probably, their collective consent, which had not been 
obtained. However, this unexpected issue had the effect of hastening 
the union. Conservative men in every town recognized the claims of 
Connecticut and the advantages which would result from having a 
united colony and coun.seled to that end, as the only way to terminate 
the unfortunate strife and contention, awakened by this matter, pre- 
vailing in almost every town. The exponents of the "church-state" 
idea made a la.st vigorous protest, which was well considered and 
plausible, but did not secure the relief the colony needed and wanted. 
New Haven was overborne in all the matters for which she had 
especially contended and was at last, by a variety of circumstances, 
forced to make an unconditional acceptance of the terms of the charter, 

♦Bancroft. tAtwatcr. 



HISTiiRV 0¥ NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 26 

whereas if she had been less obstinate she might have secured some 
concessions to her advantage in the matter of suffrage. The last 
general court of the jurisdiction was held December 18th, 1664, when 
it was voted : 

" 1. That by this act or vote we be not understood to justif}' Con- 
necticut's former actings, nor anything disorderly done by our own 
people upon such accounts. 

"2. That by it we be not apprehended to have any hand in break- 
ing: or dissolving the confederation. 

'• Yet, in testimony of our loyalty to the king's majesty, when an 
authentic copy of the determination of his commissioners is published 
to be recorded with us, if thereby it shall appear to our committee, 
that we are by his majesty's authority now put under our Connecticut 
patent, we shall submit, as from a necessity brought upon us by their 
means of Connecticut aforesaid, but with a salvo jure of our former 
right and claim, as a people who have not yet been heard in every 
point of plea." 

The action of the royal commissioners in assigning Long Island to 
New York and giving Connecticut jurisdiction to the Westchester line 
fully determined the matter and the union was completed in January, 
1665.* Mr. Davenport remained in the colony three years before his 
removal to Boston, but did not, in that period, become a freeman in 
Connecticut. Abraham Pierson and a number of his parishioners at 
Branford would not accept the result, but removed to Newark, N. J., 
rather than become citizens of a state where the divine law was not 
given a fundamental place. Others, too, in consequence of the methods 
employed to bring about the union, cherished feelings of resentment, 
but these soon gave place to praise of the better results obtained in 
the affairs of the united colonies. The administration of Governor 
Winthrop was judicious and conciliating and confidence was further 
increased and friendship cemented when the two next governors, 
leading citizens of New Haven, William Leete, of Guilford, and 
Robert Treat, of Milford, were chosen. The New Haven jurisdiction 
was reluctantly given up, but was soon forgotten by those who enjoyed 
the liberal provisions of the state which displaced it. And in these 
times a few only remember the fact m history that for the first twenty- 
six years after the settlement of the county its affairs were managed 
by a distinct colony, in which was exemplified the highest form of 
" church-state " yet attempted. 

New Haven county was named and some provision for its manage- 
ment was made at the general court, held in the fall of 1665. But the 
following May, the bounds of thfe four original counties of the state 
were defined. New Haven county was made to embrace the four 
towns of the old jurisdiction east of the Housatonic : Milford, New 

*Want of space precludes giving much interesting matter in connection with 
the closing days of the jurisdiction. 



26 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Haven, Branford and Guilford, which are properly the original towns 
of the county. They took up the entire coast line and their northern 
bounds were not given, an unorganized section intervening between 
them and the settled parts of Hartford county. In May, 1722, all the 
lands west of Farmington, not organized, were annexed to New Haven 
county : and in ISIay, 1728, the large town of Waterbury, which from 
the time of its settlement was in Hartford county, was also, on the 
petition of its inhabitants, annexed to New Haven county. The 
northwestern bounds of the county were still further extended in 1807, 
when vSouthbury was annexed to New Haven county. Up to that 
time it was a part of Litchfield county. Several towns in the state 
were settled under the auspices of towns in New Haven and when in- 
corporated were annexed to this county for convenience of legislation. 
New Alilford, incorporated in 1712, was thus for a number of years a 
part of New Haven count}', becoming later apart of Litchfield county, 
formed in 1751. The town of Durham, incorporated in May, 170S, was 
annexed to New Haven county, of which it remained apart until 1799, 
when it was detached and annexed to Middlesex county, which was 
formed in 1785. 

A number of efforts were made to embody this town (Durham i and 
Saybrook and Killingworth, in ^Middlesex ; Guilford and Branford, in 
New Haven, into a new county, with the name of Guilford. Bills to 
that effect were introduced and passed the lower house in 1718, 1728. 
17:36, 1744 and 1758. In each case the more conservative upper house 
negatived these aspirations. 

Movements were also made to create a new county, with additions 
from Litchfield, of some of the northwestern towns, with Waterbury 
or Woodbury as county seat. Some minor changes in the county 
limits have been made, but they remain essentially as above noted. 

The 26 towns of the county are the following, which were created 
in the order named : 

1. New Haven. — Settled as Ouinnipiac, in 1687-8, by Puritans 
from London, headed by John Davenport. Named New Haven by the 
town court, September, 1640. Originally the area was about thirteen 
miles square, embracing territor\' out of which have been formed 
Wallingford (including Cheshire and Meriden), East Haven, North 
Haven, Hamden and parts of Orange and Woodbridge. It is pre- 
eminently the mother town of the county. 

2. Milford. — Settled as Wepawaug, in 1689, by Peter Prudden, and 
non-conformist adherents from Yorkshire and other points in England. 
Named Milford m November, 1640. From the original town have 
been formed, in part, Derby (including Ansonia, Seymour and Oxford) 
Orange and Woodbridge, the latter including Bethany. 

8. Guilford. — .Settled in the latter part of 1639, as Menunkatuc, by 
Henry Whitfield and his company of Puritans from Kent and Surrey,. 



HISTORY 01' NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 27 

England. Named Guilford in October, 1643. Originally the town 
embraced ^ladison. 

4. Branford. — Settled under Xew Haven jurisdiction in 1644, as- 
the "plantation at Totoke.t," by non-conformists from Wethersfield 
and Abraham Pierson and some of his adherents from Southampton, 
Long Island. Embraced North Branford. 

5. Wallingford. — Settlement projected in 1609, as New Haven 
village. Named Wallingford in May, 1670. Became a separate town 
in 1672. Subdivided into Cheshire and Meriden. 

6. Derby. — Settled as Paugasset by traders from New Haven, 1654, 
and planters from Milford, 1659. Town privileges were granted in 
1675, and the name of Derby applied to the locality. 

7. Waterbury. — Settled as Mattatuck by inhabitants from Far- 
mington in 1677. In 1686 it was incorporated as a town with the 
present name and became a part of Hartford county. In 1728 Water- 
bury was annexed to New Haven county. The original area has 
been reduced by the formation of the towns of Wolcott, Prospect, 
Middlebury and Xaugatuck, to each of which she contributed terri- 
tory. 

8. Cheshire. — Settled under the direction of Wallingford as 
" West Farms." (Organized as the parish of New Cheshire and incor- 
porated as a town with the present name in May, 1780. A part of the 
western portion was taken off to form Prospect. 

9. Woodbridge. — Settled by New Haven and Milford planters. 
Organized as the Society of Amity and incorporated in 1784, as the 
town of Woodbridge. From the original town was set off Bethany. 

10. East Haven. — Settled by the inhabitants of New Haven as 
" East Farms." Village privileges in New Haven granted in 1701. In- 
corporated as a town in 1785. 

11. Hamden. — Settled by New Haven and for many years was a 
parish in that town. In May, 1786, incorporated a town. 

12. North Haven. — Settled as " North Farms " of New Haven, 
Incorporated a town, October,- 1786. 

18. Southbury. — Settled about 1672, by the pioneers of Woodbury. 
Incorporated as a town in May, 1787, and was in Litchfield county 
until 1807. Parts of the original town were taken off to form Oxford 
and Middlebury. 

14. Wolcott. — Settled as a part of the original town of Farmington. 
Formed as a parish out of parts of that town and Waterbury, and was 
first known as Farmingbury. Incorporated a town in 17U6. 

15. Oxford. — Settled by planters from Derby and Southbury, from 
which the town was taken and incorporated in 1798. Its area has been 
diminished by annexation to Naugatuck, Seymour and Beacon Falls. 

16. Meriden. — Settled by Wallingford as " North Farms." Taken 
from that town and incorporated a separate town in ISDfi. 



28 HISTORY OF NEW II.WEX COUNTY. 

17. Middlebui-}-. — Settled by inhabitants from Woodbury, Water- 
bury and vSouthbury, and taken from those towns and incorporated in 
1807. 

18. Orange. — Settled early by planters from New Haven as 
" West Farms," and by planters from Milford as "North Farms" or 
" Bryan's Farms." The former, organized as West Haven parish, 
the latter as North Milford parish, were united and incorporated as 
the town of Orange in May, 1822. 

19. Madison. — Settled as East Guilford by the planters of Guilford, 
from which it was taken and incorporated as Madison, in 1826. 

20. Prospect. — Settled as parts of Waterbury and Cheshire. 
Organized as the parish of Columbia. Incorporated a town, with name 
of Prospect, in 1827. 

21. North Branford. — Settled as the northern part of Totoket or 
Branford, and set off from that town and incorporated in 1831. 

22. Bethany. — Settled by planters of Milford and New Haven. 
Was a part of Woodbridge until Alay, 1832, when it was incorporated 
a separate town. From the west have been taken parts to add to the 
towns of Naugatuck and Beacon Falls. 

23. Naugatuck. — Incorporated in May, 1844 ; taken from Water- 
bury, Bethany and Oxford. In 1871, its southern part was taken off 
to form Beacon Falls. The Watei^bury part was long known as Salem 
parish. 

24. Seymour. — Settled as the northern part of Derby, and long 
known as Rimmon Falls and Humphreysville. Incorporated as a 
town with the present name in May, 1850. A small part of Oxford 
was later added. 

25. Beacon Falls. — Incorporated in May, 1871, and taken from 
Seymour, Oxford, Naugatuck and Bethany. 

26. Ansonia. — Settled as the central part of Old Derby. Taken 
from that town and became a separate town corporation in April, 
1889, thus being the youngest town in the coimt}-. 

The county has within its limits three thriving cities, namely : 

New Haven. — Incorporated January 21st, 1784, the fifth city in the 
Union and the first one to be chartered after the declaration of inde- 
pendence. The older cities in the United States are New York, 
Philadelphia, Albany and Richmond. 

Waterbury. — Incorporated in 1853. Population in 1890, 28.n4('). 

Meriden. — Incorporated in July, 1867. Population in 1890, 21,652. 

There are, also, in the county the following boroughs: Ansonia, 
Birmingham, Fair Haven East, Guilford (incorporated in 1815), Wal- 
lingford and West Haven, a full account of which appears in the towns 
where they are located. 

The growth or decline of the above towns, in the past ninety years, 
is shown in the following statistics of pojnilation : 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



29 



TOWNS. 


1810. 


1830. 


1850. 


1870. 


1880. 


1890. 


New Haven - - 


6,967 


10,678 


22,529 


50,840 


62,883 


86,045 


Bethany - - - 






914 


1,135 


637* 


550 


Beacon Falls - - 










379 


505 


Bran ford - - - 


1,932 


3,333 


1.425* 


2.488 


3,047 


4,460 


Cheshire - - - 


2,2SS 


1,764* 


1,627 


3,344 


2,384 


1,929 


Ansonia - - - - 













10,343 


Derby - - - - 


3,051 


2,353 


3,824 


8,030 


11,650 


5,969 


East Hayen - - 


1,209 


1,229 


1.673 


2,714 


3,057 


955 


Gnilford - - - 


3,845 


2,344* 


2,650 


2,576 


2,782 


3,780 


Hamden - - - 


1,716 


1,669 


2,168 


3,028 


3,408 


3,883 


Madison - - - - 




1,809 


2,063 


1.814 


1,672 


1,439 


Meriden - - - - 


1,249 


1.708 


3,525 


10.495 


18,340 


25.423 


Middleburv - - 


847 


816 


763 


69li 


687 


566 


Milford - - - - 


2,674 


2,356* 


2,465 


3,405 


3,347 


3.811 


Naugatuck - - - 






1,730 


2,832 


4,374 


6.218 


North Branford - 






1,013 


1,035 


1,025 


825 


North Haven - - 


1,239 


1,282 


1.338 


1,771 


1,763 


1,863 


Orana;e - - - - 




1,341 


1,466 


2,634 


3,341 


4,537 


Oxford - - - - 


1,453 


1,763 


1,564* 


1,338 


1,120 


903 


Prospect - - - 




651 


674 


.551 


492 


445 


Seymour - - - 






1,677 


2,131 


3,318 


3,300 


Southbury - - - 


1.413 


1.557 


1.484 


1,318 


1,740 


1,089 


^Vallingford - - 


2,325 


2,419 


3,639 


3,676 


4,686 


6,. 584 


Waterbury - - - 


2,874 


3,070 


5,137 


13,106 


30,270 


33,303 


Wolcott - - - - 


953 


844 


603 


491 


493 


522 


Woodbridge - - 


2,030 


2,049 


913* 


830 


829 
156, .523 


936 


Totals - - - 


37,064 


43,848 


65,841 


131,257 


209,058 



^Diminished by the formation of new towns. 

The increase of the wealth of the towns is shown in the following 
comparative Grand Lists of 1885 and 1890 : 





188.5. 


ISdO. 


New Haven ------ 


$49,473,946 


$.50,739,536 






2,879,478 


Beacon Falls ------ 


372,357 


192,6.55 


Bethany ------- 


287,586 


279.637 


Branford ------- 


1,5.50,705 


1,677,213 


Cheshire ------- 


1,337,685 


1.077,638 


Derby 


4,516,.547 


1,798,727* 


East Haven ------ 


019, S60 


618,609 


Guilford ------- 


1.414,886 


1,359,959 


Hamden ------- 


1,679,090 


1,713,311 


Madison ------- 


744,329 


706,521 


Meriden ------- 


10,206,193 


10,940,919 


^Middlebury ------ 


250,406 


351,498 


:\Iilford ------- 


1.183,244 


1,259,898 


Naugatuck ------- 


1,793,888 


2,004,578 


North Branford ------ 


487,410 


471,315 


North Haven ------ 


770,381 


735,194 


Orange ------- 


2, .502, 903 


2,593,108 


Oxford ------- 


365,901 


333,496 


Prospect ------- 


170.670 


154,621 


Seymour -.-.--- 


1,14S,705 


1,220,678 


Southbury ------- 


611,046 


616,284 


Wallingford - 


2,584,234 


2,514,129 


Waterbury ------- 


9,530.386 


10,368.393 


Wolcott ------- 


226,092 


223,905 


Woodbridge ------ 


413,114 


401,807 



*Ansnnia set off in 1880. 



130 HISTORY OF NEW II.W'EX COIIXTV. 

In the year last given (1890) the Grand Lists of the Cities and 
Boroughs, included in the foregoing towns, were as follows : New 
Haven, $49,.565,988 ; Meriden, $9,(577,129: Waterbury, $8,783,923: 
Ansonia, $2,15o,C96 ; Birmingham, $1,230,498: Fair Haven East, 
$983,827; Guilford, 69r),099 ; Wallingford, $1,745,935: West Haven 
(Orange), $1,641 ,57n. 

From the latest available data on this matter (the cen.sus of 1880), 
it appears that New Haven county was the first in the state in the 
amount of capital invested in manufactures — $3i),275,(i92 ; being about 
$3,000,000 more than the next highest, Hartford, and about $13,000,000 
more than the third on the list, Fairfield count}-. In manufactured 
products New Haven county led by $15,000,000, the value of the prod- 
ucts being $59,530,504. 

In amounts invested in agriculture New Haven stood yiv/;-///, being 
-exceeded hy Hartford, Fairfield and Litchfield. The capital invested 
was $17,647,923, and the products were only $2,410,763. In the com- 
bined value of capital invested in manufactures and agriculture 
Hartford had $57,559,868 ; and New Haven had but $47,923,615. 

After the union of the New Haven and the Connecticut colonies, 
in 1665, the meetings of the general courts and the courts of the 
assistants (or, in other words, the colonial legislature) were held in 
Hartford only, convening in May and (Jctober of each year. This 
■order was followed until ^lay, 1701, when it was voted that after the 
next October session, which was to be held in Hartford, the May 
sessions only should be held in the latter place, and the October meet- 
ings should thereafter be held at New Haven. This arrangement 
was continued until the constitution of 1818 abolished the October 
sessions, and the annual sessions thei-eafter alternated between Hart- 
ford and New Haven as semi-capitals of the state. In 1873 Hartford 
was selected as the sole capital of Connecticut and the state house at 
New Haven was relinquished to the citizens of the town. 

At the time (1701) that New Haven was designated as one of the 
■capitals, there were no public buildings in the town except the meet- 
ing house, where were held most of the public assemblages. The 
particular courts were probably held at public inns, or at the houses 
of the magistrates. It is probable that the lower branch of the legis- 
lature held its meetings at the meeting house until a state house was 
provided, and the upper branch appears to have been convened at 
various rooms in the town, among them being the inn of Captain John 
Miles. In October, 1718, it convened in the library room of the new 
college building. In 1717, the state made provision to enable the 
counties to erect court hou.ses, and that year also was authorized the 
building of the first state hou.se at Hartford. For the court house at 
New Haven, the state appropriated i;'300. The county court at its 
January, 1718, session resolved : 

" That it is nece.ssary for the service of his Majesty that there be 



HISIi.iRV l>F NEW HAVEN CUUNTV. 31 

■adjoined to the present prison-house a timber house of forty-five feet 
in length and twenty-two in breadth, two stones high, with chimnies 
at each end ; and agreed that there be such a building erected on 
this condition : that the town of New Haven provide a suitable place 
of land to set it upon." 

The town voted the necessar\' site February 2d, 1710. granting an 
•eighth of an acre of land, in the market place, at the old prison house, 
to be laid out as should best accommodate the building. This lot was 
upon the public green and near its northwest corner. Warham 
Mather. Samuel Bishop and Joseph Whiting were appointed the com- 
mittee in charge of the building. It was completed for occupation in 
the fall of 1719, but was more properly furnished later. Chairs and 
other furniture were supplied in 1727, and subsequently. 

This house appears to have been used for the meetings of the legis- 
lature and the courts of the county until 1763, when the colony and 
New Haven united in erecting a fine new brick state house, each con- 
tributing ;^907. 9s., 3d. to defray the expense of the edifice. It also 
stood on the green, facing east on Temple street, on a lot a little north 
of the site which was afterward voted to Trinity church. Jared 
Ingersoll was one of the building committee, and through his 
influence a bell, which had been used in the meeting house, where its 
place was taken by a new one, was secured and placed in the turret of 
the state building. Originally this state and county hotise was 
gambrel-roofed. About 1800 it was much enlarged and a roof of two 
planes, meeting at the ridge pole, placed on it. Midway on the ridge 
was the cupola, with ihe bell. The upper stor}' was used by the state ; 
the lower gave the necessary rooms for the count}' and the town. In 
1827 the general assembly resolved " that it is expedient and necessary 
that a new state house for the accommodation of the general assembly 
,should be built in the city of New Haven," and as the county and 
the town would derive some benefit from it, the state asked that they 
bear one-third of the expense. To this proposition the county judges 
and representatives of the county assented at a meeting held Jujy oth, 
1827, and measures were taken to build. William Moseley, Charles 
H. Pond and John Q. Wilson were appointed to superintend the con- 
struction of this house, which was well located, on the northwestern 
quarter of the green, a short distance from College street. The length 
was placed north and south and was 160 feet. The width was 90 feet. 
At each end was a pediment supported by six massive columns. The 
general style of the architecture was of the Doric order and the walls 
were of .stone. The basement, which was high above the ground, was 
encrusted with Sing Sing marble. The other two stories were stuc- 
■coed. The legislature halls were in the upper story. In the .story 
below were the governor's parlor, committee rooms, jury rooms, and 
the entire east side was ttsed for court rooms. It was first occupied in 
the spring of 1830, and for sixty years was one of the most conspicuous 



32 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

objects on the green. It was surrendered to the people of New Haven 
in 1874, and soon showed marks of decay, which, since it was not kept 
m repair, made it unsightly, and as it was no longer demanded for 
public use it was razed to the ground in the summer of 1890. Its site 
has been sodded over and hardly a trace remains to show its former 

location. 

It will be remembered that when the first .state house was located 
at New Haven, there was already on the green an insecure prison- 
house or jail. In 1720 the general as.sembly ordered this to be 
strengthened, and the county court concurring, directed that it be 
enlarged and a keeper's house be built thereto. Warham :\Iather, 
John^Hall and Joseph Whiting were charged with the.se improve- 
ments, which were also on the the northwest part of the green. The 
first, or wooden state hou.se, after it was vacated by the courts in 1708, 
was allowed to remain and part of it was used as an office for the 
Coniuxticut Journal Axom 1767 until 1772, and later as a shop for the 
manufacture of metal buttons. About the time of the revolution, 
these buildings were removed from that part of the green and the jail 
or county house, as it was now called, was removed to the other side 
of College street, where it was enclosed with strong timbers, set up as 
a stockade, which seem to have afforded the necessary security. In 
the keeper's house proper the hospitalities of an inn were dispensed 
to such as desired those accommodations. 

In 1801 it was determined to build a new county jail, on the east 
side of Church street, where a lot belonging to the Hopkins Grammar 
School was leased for a term of 999 years. At fir.st it was purposed to 
erect a structure only two stories high, but at the solicitation of James 
Hillhouse and other public-spirited citizens, the plan was changed to 
three stories. The prison proper was in the rear and was at first also 
three stories high, but was rebuilt when the cell system was adopted, 
two tiers of cells being constructed. Over the keeper's house, in front, 
and in the third story was the debtors' prison, where those confined 
were treated with considerable attention, notwithstanding the windows 
were grated with iron bars. Here, also, the prison keeper was privil- 
eged to act as the entertainer of the public. In 1856 the county 
began the building of a new jail, on Whalley avenue, when the lease 
for the lot on Church street was sold to the city of New Haven for 
$2o,000, upon which its fine hall was completed in 1862. 

The county jail now in u.se was occupied in 1857. It is built on a 
desirable site of four acres of land, on Whalley avenue, which have 
been well improved for this use. About two acres are covered with 
buildings, which have been arranged to accommodate three hundred 
prisoners. The pri.son is under the general care of the county com- 
missioners and is well maintained. The commitments during a year 
are many but a large proportion are sent there for drunkenness or 
crimes allied with that habit. In 1873 the prisoners committed were 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 33 

1,890, and the jail expenses $16,417. In 1878, prisoners committed, 
1,922: expenses, $23,931.25. In 1883, prisoners sent up, 2,224; 
expenses, $20,] 03. In 1888 the commitments reached 2,910, but two 
years later under the restraining influence of the license law the 
number committed was only 2,60;"). In the latter year the commit- 
ments for drunkenness were about 200 less than in 1888. The cost to 
the county, including some extraordinary expenses, was that year 
more than $49,000. In 1890 it was about one-fifth less. 

The New Haven County Temporary Home for Dependent and 
Neglected Children, was established i:nder the provisions of an act 
passed creating these institutions. This home was opened January 
1st, 1884, in a building leased for that purpose, at Tyler Station, in the 
town of Orange, [n the spring of 1880, a permanent home was 
founded on Sheldon avenue, where a spacious lot is occupied. 

The house has at various times been improved to adapt it to the 
wants and comforts of the inmates. It is now capacitated to accom- 
modate 75 children. From fifty to sixty have there found refuge at 
one time, and since the institution was opened 360 have been received 
under its care. About one-half of that number were from New Haven, 
the remainder being from 18 other towns in the county, which availed 
themselves of the shelter here afforded to children in distress until 
other provision could be made for them. About one-half of those 
yearly admitted are provided with homes in proper families. 

The home is maintained at an outlay of about $7,000 per year, and 
is managed by the county commissioners and a member each of the 
state boards of health and charities. 

We have seen that the county united with the town and the state 
in building state houses on the public green, the last one being erected 
in 1830. This was occupied for court purposes until December, 1862, 
when the county secured a ten years' lease of rooms in the new city 
hall for court chambers and offices. In 1870 the city authorities noti- 
fied the county commissioners that their lease could not be renewed, 
which necessitated action to secure new quarters. The commissioners 
were authorized June 2d, 1871, to purchase a lot and build a court 
hotise in the city of New Haven. The Doctor Jonathan Knight lot, 
directly north of the city hall, was purcha.sed for $48,000, upon which 
the main edifice was erected in 1872-3. at a cost of $120,000. About 
$14,000 more was expended in furnishing the building, the aggregate 
cost being about $182,000. It fronts 60 feet on Church street and 
extends to the rear 120 feet. The house is three stories high, and its 
front, which is ornate, is built of Nova Scotia stone. The large door- 
way is in the gothic style and is flanked by very fine pillars of vScotch 
granite. In the third storv of this house is the Yale Law School, 
which is here furnished quarters in consideration of the free u.se of 
its valuable law library by the courts and members of the bar of New 
Haven county. Its collections are very extensive and are being con- 
3 



34 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

stantly enlarged, the sio.doo fund donated by Governor James E. 
English in 187;>, being used for that purpose. The two other floors of 
the building contain the chambers of the superior and common pleas 
courts, commissioners' rooms, well-appointed ofifices, and the adjuncts 
of modern halls of justice. 

In the course of two years additional accommodations were required, 
when the George Hoadley property, on the north of the court house, 
was purchased, in 1883, and on the rear of the .same, but connected 
with the main edifice, an addition was built, chiefly to accommodate 
the criminal courts of the county. Its interior is admirably arranged 
to that end. The entire cost of this improvement was about $100,000. 
The building was finst occupied by the October term of the court, in 
1S84, and it has been found to well serve its purpose. The lot in 
front will permit the still further enlargement of the court house, 
which is not only one of the most valuable, but in its arrangements is 
surpassed by but few others in the eastern part of the Union. 

In 1838 the general a.ssembly enacted a law that the county court 
should thereafter consist of one judge and two associate members of 
the qtiorum, to be called county commissioners. Some of the specific 
duties of the latter were to take care of the county property and to 
regulate or assist in the regulation of the sale of liquor. These duties 
have always been attached to the office. In other capacities they were 
sort of associate judges. In 1841 another act constituted the board of 
county commissioners much as it now is, the powers and duties since 
that time having been increased or curtailed at the fancy of the several 
legislatures. By bestowing enlarged powers the office is now rela- 
tively more important than former!}'. 

The commissioners appointed by the general assembly, when the 
board was composed of two members only, are named in the list of 
county judges. Under the act of 1841 and those of a subsequent date, 
the commissioners have been the following: 1842, Selah Strong, 
De Grosse Maltby, James D. Woo.ster ; 1843-4, William H. Ellis, 
George Loudon, Malachi Cook ; 1845-6, Edward A. Cornwall, Greene 
Kendrick, Hoadley Bray: 1847, James S. Brooks, Loyal F. Todd, 
.Samuel Wise ; 1848-9, Philemon Hoadley, Samuel C. Johnson, Leonard 
Bronson : 18.50, Leonard Bronson, Reynold Webb, Philo Pratt; 18ol, 
David S. Fowler, Timothy V. ]^Ieigs, Millard Spencer; 1852, Fitch 
.Smith, Timothy V. Aleigs, Perry Averill ; 1853-4, Augustus Hall, 
Orrin Plumb, Franklin C. Phillips; 1855, John Durrie. Archibald E. 
Rice, Selah Lee ; 1850, Benjamin F. Libby, Joshua Kendall, William 
C. Bushnell ; 1857, Albert B. Wildman. Joshua Kendall. Archibald E. 
Rice; 18.58 60, Albert B. Wildman, Edwin B. Munson, Archibald E. 
Rice; 18G1, Alfred Daggett, Josiah M. Colburn, Hoadley Bray; 1862, 
Edmund Parker, Arciifbald'E. Rice, George Rose; 1863-6, Parker, 
Rice and Charles Ball : 1868-71, Archibald E. Rice, Richard Dibble, 
Charles P. Brockett ; 1872, Rice, Brockett and Nathan Andrews ; 1873, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUXTV. 35 

Rice, Andrews and Carlos Smith : 1874, Andrews, Smith and Jesse 
Cooper; 1875, Cooper, Smith and John W. Bassett ; 1876, Cooper, 
Bassett and Linus Birdse}' ; 1877, Birdsey, John W. Lake and Charles 

A. Tomlinson; 1878, Lake, Hiram Jacobs, Marcus E. Baldwin ; 1879, 
Lewis B. Perkins, Jacobs and Baldwin; 1880-1, the same; 1882-3, 
Jacobs, Baldwin and George F. Perry; 1884, Jacobs, Perry and Albert 

B. Dunham ; 1885-91, Jacobs, Dunham and Cecil A. Burleieh. 

The first civil organization in the county was the Court of Twelve 
Free Burgesses, selected by the planters of Quinnipiac, June 4th, 
1639, which was empowered to select or appoint the proper magis- 
trates. That duty was performed October 25th, 1639, when Theophilus 
Eaton was chosen the magistrate of the plantation court, with Robert 
Newman, Matthew Gilbert, Nathaniel Turner and Thomas Fugill, as 
deputy magistrates. The last named was appointed clerk of the court 
and Robert Seeley was selected as the marshal. 

Scarcely was this court organized before its attention was engaged 
in an important trial, which resulted in the conviction of the Indian 
Nepaupuck, accused of the murder of Abraham Finch, of Wethersfield. 
Nepaupuck having been so charged, came into the town voluntarily, 
but on being taken into custody by the new marshal, managed to 
escape. He was recaptured on the 26th of October, 1639, and the 
trial proceeded. Testimony against him was given by some of his 
fellow Indians, but the evidence of his guilt was more clearly con- 
firmed by the confession which he himself made. October 28th. The 
following day he was sentenced to death. The penalty was not long 
delayed for, (3ctober 30th, 1639, the Indian's head was cut off, and, in 
order to make his fate serve as an example to the other Indians, it 
was placed on a pole and exposed on the market place, on the present 
New Haven green. The effect was salutary. For many years the 
colony was spared the pain of carrying out another capital punish- 
ment. The market places in the several towns were utilized for jail 
sites and there, also, were put the instruments for inflicting minor 
punishment — the pillory and the whipping post. In most instances 
they were continued until after the first quarter of the present century. 
The one on New Haven green was not removed until 1831. 

Each of the other plantations, Milford and Guilford, also had its 
courts organized in a manner similar to that of New Haven ; and 
after the New Haven jurisdiction was formed, in 1643, these planta- 
tion or particular courts were continued and were allowed to take 
cognizance of certain matters. From them appeal could be taken to 
the general court, composed of the deputies and magistrates of the 
jurisdiction, which convened semi-annually at New Haven. This 
colonial court consisted of two branches, viz. : that of the deputies 
elected by the several towns semi-annually or annually, and whose 
functions were mainly legislative ; and the branch composed of the 
governor, deputy governor and three or more magistrates, all of 



36 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

whom were distinguislied for their sound judgment, probity and 
patriotism. This was the judicial part of the court. It was presided 
over by the governor or deputy governor, sitting with the magistrates 
from the several plantations, five members constituting a quorum. It 
was, from the nature of the constitution, the last court of redress. In 
all these courts, particular and colonial, there was no jury and the 
principles of action and ju.stice were based upon the Mosaic law of the 
Bible. Especially were the laws relating to the observance of the 
Lord's day strictly enforced. 

In 1655 the code of laws prepared by Governor Theophilus Eaton 
was adopted as the first general statutes of the colony. Most of the 
laws were very stringent and .some of them arbitrary. After the 
restoration of Charles II. they became derisively known as the " Blue 
Laws," and have been held up to ridicule as unnatural and unreason- 
able, when in fact they were just about such laws as any crude govern- 
ment would u.se if it attempted to exercise a paternal care over its 
subjects. They were, in the main, the Mosaic laws, expressed in 
different words, in some instances, and while they may have been 
based upon righteous principles they were, undoubtedly, better 
adapted for a patriarchal form of government, in a semi-civilized 
country, than for a republic whose people have been trained to enjoy 
enlarged liberties and increased freedom of thought and action. In 
1673 a new code of laws was approved and printed for the use of the 
courts in tlie united colonies. The laws in this digest were less stern 
than in the former ones, many of the harsh features having been 
eliminated. 

In May, 1666. the general court of Connecticut colony ordered that 
the court of magistrates of the jurisdiction should be abolished and 
that a county court .should take its place. It was directed that this 
court should hold sessions in June and November of each year, and 
that it should be presided over by no less than two assistants of the 
general court (members of the upper house of the general assembly) 
and two or more commissioners, five persons, as before, forming a 
ciuorum. The commissioners were legislative appointees and took the 
place of the magistrates first elected by the burgesses. The office was 
filled annually until 1698, when justices of the peace were first 
appointed, ivom which were selected or appointed the ju.stices of the 
quorum. The first justices of the peace for New Haven county were, 
as reported in the state records: " Air. Tho. Trowbridge, Sen'' of the 
Quorum; Capl. Tho. Clarke, Mr. Josiah Rossiter, of the Quorum : Air. 
Will Malbie, of the Quorum: Capt. Tho. Yale, Mr. Jeremiah (Xsborn, 
Mr. John Ailing, Capt. Ebcnezer Johnson." The number of ju.stices 
apjDointed in subsequent years varied, and at first they were appointed 
for the county as an entire body, and not by towns, as became the 
later practice. 

The assistants from New Haven, i.e., members of the upper house 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN" COUNTY. 37 

of the general assembly, from the time of the union in 1665 until 1698, 
when they ceased to preside over the county court, were as follows : 
William Leete, Guilford, 1665-76 ; William Jones, New Haven, 1665- 
98; Benjamin Fenn, Milford, 1665-73 ; Jasper Crane, Branford, 1665- 
68; Alexander Bryan, Milford, 1668-79 ; James Bishop, New Haven, 
1668-92 : Robert Treat, Milford, 1675-98 ; Thomas Topping, Branford, 
1674-85; Matthew Gilbert, New Haven, 1677-78; Andrew Leete, 
Guilford, 1678-98 ; Moses Mansfield, New Haven, 1692-98. 

The last named was, in 1698, appointed the first county jtidge. 
That office was filled by yearly appointments until 1855, when the 
county court was abolished. The judge had the assistance, in presid- 
ing over the county court, of justices of the quorum, selected from 
the list of from four to eight yearl}' ajDpointed, until 1838, when the 
office of ji:stice of the quorum was abolished, and two commissioners 
were appointed to act with the judge in holding the county courts. 

In 1841 the office of commissioner was divorced from the county 
court and established as a separate office. The county judge was now 
the sole presiding officer until the court ceased to exist in 1855. 

The county court transacted all judicial business, including the 
probating of wills, until 1714, when the New Haven county probate 
court was established, John Ailing being the first judge. In 1719 the 
division of the county into other probate districts began. 

In the county court were first practiced the usages of the English 
courts, and the trial by jury was first given a proper place, not only in 
this court but in other courts in the county, held by justices. 

In 1869 the New Haven court of common pleas was established with 
powers much like those which had pertained to the old county court, 
and enlarged jurisdiction^ Its business increased very rapidly and 
it has been found necessary to divide the court into two branches, 
viz.: the civil side and the criminal side, and to appoint two judges 
for the same. Another relief for the overtaxed condition of the busi- 
ness was found in the creation of the Waterbury district, which 
embraces parts of this county and some of the adjoining county, and 
sessions of the common pleas courts and superior courts are held 
there. 

In addition to the superior court of the state another court of 
appeal, the supreme court of errors, has been created, and New Haven 
county and Fairfield county are embraced in the Third judicial dis- 
trict, courts being alternately held at Bridgeport and New Haven. 

In most of the towns justices courts have been continued, but in 
1784 a city court was established in New Haven ; and, later, city and 
police courts were created for Waterbury and Meriden. Borough and 
town courts have been established in Wallingford, Derby and 
Ansonia.* , 

The following have been the judges of the county court and the 

*See accounts of those towns. 



38 ' HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

justices of the quorum, as appointed by tlie general assembly, the first 
name after each date being that of the judge: 1698-1703. Major 
Moses Mansfield, Jeremiah Osborn, John Ailing, Thos. Clark, William 
Maltby, Ebenezer Johnson, Eleazer Stent ; 1704-6, John Ailing, 
Nathan Andrews ; 1707-8, John Ailing, William Maltby, Thos. Clark, 
Ebenezer Johnson, Samuel Eells, Abraham Fowler, Nathan Andrews; 
1709-12, ■ — -, Nathan Andrews, William Maltby, Abraham Brad- 
ley, Abraham Fowler, Thomas Yale, Joseph Treat, Jonathan Law; 1713- 
17, Jonathan Law, Joseph Treat, Abraham Bradley, Warham Mather, 
Samuel Bishop, James Wadsworth, Ebenezer Johnson ; 1718, Jona- 
than Law, Ebenezer Johnson, Joseph Treat, Warham Mather, 
Abraham Bradley, Samuel Bishop : 1719, James Wadsworth, John 
Hall ; 1720-4, James Wadsworth, Abraham Fowler, Warham Mather, 
John Hall, Samuel Bishop, Ebenezer Johnson, Samuel Clarke ; 172.5-9, 
John Hall, Warham Mather, James Hooker, Samuel Bishop, Andrew 
Ward, John Riggs ; 1730-5, Samuel Eells, Samuel Bishop, James 
Hooker, Roger Newton, John Riggs; 1736-7, Samuel Eells, 
Samuel Bishop, James Hooker, John Riggs, John Russell, 
Samuel Hill'; 1738-9, Roger Newton, Samuel Bishop, James 
Hooker, John Riggs, John Russell, Samuel Hill ; 1740-1, 
Roger Newton, Samuel Eells, Lsaac Dickerman, John Riggs, 
John Russell, Samuel Hill; 1742-6, Roger Newton, Benjamin 
Hall, John Fowler, John Southmaid, Samuel Hill ; 1747-50, Roger 
Newton, Benjamin Hall, John Fowler, John Hubbard, Samuel Hill ; 
1751-3, Roger Newton, John Russell, John Fowler, John Hubbard, 
Samuel Hill ; 1754-6, Roger Newton, Benjamin Hall, John Hubbard, 
John Fowler, Elihu Chauncey : 1757-60, Roger Newton, Benjamin 
Hall, Timothy Stone, John Hubbard, Elihu Chauncey; 1761-5, Roger 
Newton, Thomas Darling, Timothy Stone, John Hubbard, Elihu 
Chauncey ; 1766, Roger Newton, John Hubbard. Thomas Darling, 
Elihu Chauncey, Roger Sherman : 1767-70, Roger Newton, Nathaniel 
Hill, John Hubbard, Thomas Darling, Elihu Chauncey; 1771-2, 
Benjamin Hall, John Hubbard, Elihu Chauncey, Thomas Darling, 
John Fowler, Nathaniel Hill : 1773, James Abraham Hillhouse, 
Thomas Darling; 1774-6, Elihu Chauncey, John Fowler, vSamuel 
BLshop, Jr., James Wadsworth, Jr.; 1777, Elihu Chauncey, Samuel 
Bishop, Jr., James Wadsworth, Jr., Samuel Barker, Joseph Hopkins; 
1778 81, James Wadsworth, Samuel Bishop, Andrew Ward, vSamuel 
Barker, Jo.seph Hopkins ; 1782 6, James Wadsworth, Samuel Bishop, 
Joseph Hopkins, Andrew Ward, James Beard ; 1787-9, James Wads- 
worth, vSamuel Bishop, Joseph Hopkins, Andrew Ward, Gideon Buck- 
ingham : 1790-9, Samuel Bishop, Joseph Hopkins, Andrew Ward, 
Gideon Buckingham, Simeon Bri.stol ; 1800 1, Samuel BLshop, Jo.seph 
Hopkins, Gideon Buckingham, .Simeon Bri.stol, Nathaniel Ro.ssiter ; 
1802-5, Simeon Bristol, Gideon Buckingham, Nathaniel Rossiter, 
Dwyer White, John Kingsbury : 1806. Elizur Goodrich, Gideon Buck- 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 39 

ingham, John Kingsbur\-. Dwyer White, George W. Stanley; 1807-10, 
Elizur Goodrich, Gideon Buckingham, John Kingsbury, Dwver White, 
Noah Webster ; 1811, Elizur Goodrich, Nathaniel Griffing. JMm Kings- 
bury, Dwyer White, Noah Webster ; 1812-14, Elizur Goodrich, Nath- 
aniel Griffing, John Kingsbury, Dwyer White, Bennet Bronson ; 1815- 
16, Elizur Goodrich, John Kingsbury, Nathaniel Griffing, Dwyer 
White, Burrage Beach ; 1817-18, Elizur Goodrich, John Kingsbury, 
Dwyer White, Nathaniel Griffing, Isaac Mills; 1819, John Kingsbury, 
Chas. H. Pond,* Isaac Mills; 1820-2, Isaac Mills, Abel Wheeler, John 
Humphreys ; 1823-4, Isaac Mills, John Humphreys, Noyes Darling ; 
1825-7, Bennet Bronson, John Humphreys, Jr., Noyes Darling ; 1828- 
30, Bennett Bronson, Jared Bassett, Noyes Darling ; 1831-4, Noyes 
Darling, William Hiriman, Jared Bas.sett ; 1835, Noyes Darling, 
Walter Booth, Sanuiel Meigs; 1836, Noyes Darling, Jared Bassett, 
WMlliam Hinman ; 1837-8, Noyes Darling, Charles H. Pond, Malachi 
Cook; ^839, Samuel J. Hitchcock.f Joseph Barber, Abijah Carrington; 
1840-1, Samuel J. Hitchcock, Selah Strong, DeGrosse Maltby. 

County judges only : 1842, Samuel J. Hitchcock ; 1843-4, Noyes 
Darling; 1845-6, Joseph Wood; 1847," John C. Palmer;:}; 1848-9, 
Edward Hinman ; 1850, Henry Dutton ; 1851, Alfred Blackman ; 1852, 
Samuel Ingham (acting judge) ; 1853-4, Harris B. Munson ; 1855, 
Stephen W. Kellogg. 

The following have been the judges of the common pleas court, 
since its establishment: 1870-1, Samuel L. Bronson; 1872-3, Henry 
E. Pardee: 1874, Henry Stoddard; 1875-6, William C. Robinson; 
1877, William B. Stoddard; 1878-81, Lynde Harrison; 1882-5, David 
Torrance; 1885, John P. Studley, Lucius P. Deming. 

In addition to the assistants named, as presiding over the cot;nty 
court, 1665 to 1698, they were, also, the superior court in those times, 
and later. The assistants, from 1698 to 1818, credited to New Haven 
county were : Robert Treat, Milford, 1698-1708 ; Andrew Leete, Guil- 
ford, 1698-1703: Moses Mansfield, New Haven, 1698-1704; Josiah 
Rossiter, Guilford, 1701-11; John Ailing, New Haven, 1704-17; 
Samuel Eells, Milford, 1709-40; Abraham Fowler, Guilford, 1712-29 ; 
Jonathan Law,§ Milford, 1717-50 ; John Hall, Wallingford, 1722-30 ; 
Joseph Whiting, New Haven, 1733-45 ; Roger Newton, Milford, 1736- 
40 ; Benjamin Hall, Wallingford, 1751-66 ; Roger Sherman, New 
Haven, 1766-89 ; James A. Hillhouse, New Haven, 1773-5 ; James 
Hillhouse, New Haven, 1789-91 ; Charles Chauncey, New Haven, 
1789-93; Jonathan Ingersoll, New Haven, 1792-8; David Daggett, 
New Haven, 1797-1814: Elizur Goodrich, New Haven, 1803-18; Isaac 
Beers. New Haven, 1808-9: Jonathan Ingersoll, New Haven, 1811-19 ; 

*Two Justices of the Quorum only by Constitutional Amendment. 
+Designated County Commissioners. 
JOf Middletown, acting Judge. 
§Chief Judge 1725-41. 



40 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

William Bristol, New Haven, 1818; Peter ^Vebb, New Haven, ISIS: 
David Tomlinson, Oxford, 1818; Simeon Baldwin, New Haven, 
1806-18. 

Other judges of the superior court have been the following: Asa 
Chapman, New Haven, 1818-25: William Bristol, New Haven, 1819- 
26; David Daggett,* New Haven, 1826-34; Joel Hinman,+ New 
Haven, 1842-70; Henry Dutton,+ New Haven, 1861-6; Edward I. 
Sanford,^ New Haven, 1867: David Torrance, Derby, 1885-90, when 
he was elected a judge of the supreme court of errors for eight 
years. 

The marshals of New Haven colony and the jurisdiction were 
appointed as follows ; October 25th, 1639, Robert Seeley; November 
7th, 1642, Thomas Kimberley; May 2Sth, 1662, Abraham Doolittle, 
who served until the end of the jurisdiction. The term marshal was 
now dropped and that of sheriff taken, to designate those serving as 
such officials. The sheriffs of the county and the years of their elec- 
tion or appointment have been as follows: November, 1()67, John 
Ailing; June, 1675, Samuel Miles; June, 1679, John Cooper; November, 
16S7, John Hudson; |! May, 1689, Joshua Hotchkiss; October, 1722, 
John Trowbridge; — , Moses Mansfield; — , Jonathan Fitch; (October, 1796, 
Jehu Brainerd; October, 1804, Nathaniel Rossiter; June, 1819, Charles 
H. Pond; June, 1834, Erau.stus Osborn; June, 1837, Samuel Cooke;" 
June, 1839, Charles W. Curtis; June, 1842, Norris Willcox; June, 1857, 
David S. Fowler; June, 1863, Gideon O. Hotchkiss; October, 1871, 
Charles S. Scott vice Hotchkiss, deceased ; June, 1875, John C. Byxbee; 
June, 1884, Robert O. Gates : June, 1891, Charles A. Tomlinson. 

The following have been the king's or state's attorneys of New 
Haven county: 1720, William Adams; 1744, Elihu Hall; 1757, Jared 
Ingersoll; 1765, James A. Hillhouse:"''"" 1776, Charles Chauncey; 1789, 
Jonathan Ingersoll: 1798, Pierpont Edwards; 18o2, Naphtali Daggett; 
1805, Jonathan Ingersoll; 1811, David Daggett; 1816, Nathan Smith: 
1835, Ralph I. Ingersoll; 1845, Dennis Kimberley: 1849, Charles A. 
Ingersoll; 1853, Jonathan Stoddard: 1854, Eleazer K. Foster; 1877, 
Orville H. Piatt; 1879, Tilton E. Doolittle. 

The clerks of the courts for New Haven county have been: 1798, 
Abraham Bishop; 1801, Dwyer White; 1806, John Lynde; 1807, Dwyer 
White; 1821. Cornelius Tuthill; 1825, John Beach; 1835, Robin.son S. 
Hinman: 1839, John Beach: 1842, Robert H. Osborn; 1844, John S. 
Rice; 1847, Henry J. Lewis; 1850, Robert H. O-sborn; 1854, Alfred H. 

*Chicf Judge Supreme Comt i)f Errors ls:i:i— 1. 
ijudije of Supreme Court of Errors 1801-70. 
|\Vas also a Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors. 
((Has since served as Judge of the Superior Court. 
IjAppointcd by Sir Edmund Andros, and hi.s Council. 

^Office vacated on account of amendment to constitution, and Sheriff there- 
after elected by freemen. 

**Died December, 177.5, Henianiin I Jouglass appointed. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 41 

Terry; 1860, Arthur D. Osborn; 1882. Jonathan Ingersoll; 1890, 
Edward A. Anketell. 

In the earliest period of the civil government of the colony, the 
powers relative to the settlement of estates were vested in the 
partictilar cotirts. In May, 160G, they were transferred to the several 
county courts, and in 16!.)S to the respective judges, with two ju.stices 
of the quorum. In May, 1714, it was provided that the courts of pro- 
bate should be holdenbj'bne judge, with a clerk in each county. The 
first probate districts, less than a county, were formed in October, 1719. 
The districts which were co-extensive with the several counties have 
never been re-established; but their limits have been reduced by 
forming new districts from them. The following are the probate dis- 
tricts in New Haven county, with the dates of their organization: 

The New Haven or original district is composed of New Haven, 
North Haven. East Haven, Hamden, Orange, Seymour and Wood- 
bridge. The town of Orange (incorporated in 1822) was, up to that 
period, as parts of Milford and New Haven, included in tho.se districts, 
but when it becamie a town the whole was placed wholly in the New 
Haven district. In IS.'iO Seymour was incorporated and annexed to 
the New Haven district. Up to that time the territory was included 
in the Derby district. East Haven remained in the New Haven dis- 
trict until 1868, when the town was created a separate district and so 
continued until 1888. when it again became a part of the New Haven 
district. 

The Guilford district was established in 1719, to embrace Guilford, 
including" the present towns of ]Madison. Branford and North Bran- 
ford, after the latter town was formed in 1881, except the society of 
Northford, which became a part of the Wallingford district. It also 
embraced some towns in what is now Middlesex countj-.- The juris- 
diction was reduced further by the formation of the Madison district, 
in 1834, and the Branford district in 1850. 

Wallingford district was established in 1776, and included at that 
time, Wallingford (embracing Cheshire and Meriden) and the society 
of Northford. This district has been reduced by the formation of the 
Cheshire district in 1829, and the Meriden district in 1836. It is now 
composed of Wallingford and the Northford society, in North 
Branford. 

Waterbury district was next formed, in the order of time. It was 
established in 1779, to include the then towns of Waterbury, Water- 
town and Plymouth. The latter was set off in 1833, and Watertown 
in 1834. When Wolcott was incorporated a town, in 1796. it was 
annexed to this district, and ]\Iiddlebury has always been in this juris- 
diction. Naugatuck was created a town in 1844. out of parts of Water- 
bury, Bethany and Oxford, and the whole was annexed to the Water- 
bury district; but in 1862 this town (Naugatuck) became a separate 

'■'■ See sketch of Guilford. 



42 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

district, leaving Waterbury to include itself, Middlebury and Wolcott 
as the present district. 

Cheshire district was established in 1829, to include Cheshire and 
Pro-spect. The former was taken from the Wallingford district, the 
latter from Wallingford and Waterbury districts. It remains as con- 
stituted. 

Milford district was established in 1832, and was taken from the 
New Haven district. It is confined to the town of Milford. 

Madison district was established in 18H4, to include the town of 
AladLson. Until that time the town was in the Guilford district. 

Meriden district, compcsed of that town, was established in 188r), 
and was taken out of the Wallingford district. 

Oxford district was established in 1846. Its jurisdiction is confined 
to that town, organized in 1798, and until the date of establishment, it 
was in the New Haven district. 

Branford district was established in 1850, to include the town of 
Branford, and was taken from the Guilford district. Until 1719, 
Branford and all the eastern section of the county were in the New 
Haven district. 

Bethany district was established in isr)4, with bounds confined to 
the town of Bethany, whicli up to that time was in the New Haven 
district. A small part was attached to Naugatuck district in 1871 , when 
Beacon Falls was formed. 

Derby district was established in 1858, to embrace the town as it 
was at that time, including the present town of Ansonia. A part of 
Huntington was later added. The office for the records is at Birming- 
ham, and the district is now composed of Derby and Ansonia. 

Naugatuck district was established in 1862, and embraced, at that 
time, the town of Naugatuck, which was taken from the Waterbury 
district. When Beacon Falls was incorporated, in 1871, that town was 
annexed to this district. Its territory was previously in the districts 
of Oxford and Bethany. 

The town of Southbury has been in the probate district of Wood- 
bury, in Litchfield county, since 1719. The town itself was a part of 
Litchfield county until 1807, when it became a part of New Haven 
county. 

Durham, in Middlesex county, was a part of New Haven county 
until 179i). It was in the Guilford probate district until 17.-»2, when it 
was assigned to the Middletown district. 

The judges of the New Haven probate district, from its organiza- 
tion have been the following: 1714 17, John Ailing: 1717-27, Warham 
thither; 1727 48, Joseph Whiting: I748-7H, John Hubbard; 1778-86, 
John \Vhiting: 1786-1802, Samuel Bishop: 1802-19, IClizur (Goodrich: 
1819 24, Isaac Mills: 1824-9, William W. Boordman: 1829-34, Charles 
A. IngersoU, 1st term; 1834 5, Nathaniel R. Clark, 1st term; 183,'5-8, 
Charles A. IngersoU, 2d term; 1838-42, Nathaniel R. Clark, 2d term; 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 43 

1842-3, Robinson S. Hinman (died in office and Alfred Blackman, of 
Waterbui-y district, filled the term of office, 1843-4); 1844-6, Eleazer 
K. Foster, 1st term: 1846-7, Ezra Stiles; 1847-50, Eleazer K. Foster, 
2d term; 1850-4. Frederick Croswell; 1854-7, Cyprian Wilcox; 1857-63, 
Luzon B. Morris: 1863-4, Levi B. Bradley; 1864-6, Francis Way- 
land, Jr.: 1866-76, Levi B. Bradley, 2d term; 1876-87, Samuel A. York; 
• 1887 — , A. Heaton Robertson. 

In the early settlement of the county but little attention was paid 
to the location and construction of highways. The settlers along the 
coast were long content with the means of communication by water 
way, which were largely used the first one hundred years, especially 
in the transportation of goods or commodities used in the trade 
between the different towns. The interior towns found no trouble in 
reaching the centers on the sound shore by means of the paths over 
the common lands, which often had the same general course as the 
Indian trails, leading to those localities. Even in the settled parts of 
the towns, commons were left for these main paths (for such they were, 
no wagons being used for a long time), and when one became unfit 
for use, another was made on the twenty or forty rods wide of land 
available for that purpose. Gradually the.se commons were narrowed 
by encroachments, and the records of some of the towns show that a 
few planters were so unmindful of the interests of the public that they 
extended fences across some of these paths, and public action was 
necessary to have them restored to their original use. From nearly 
every village the.se paths radiated to the outlying- farms or to other 
villages, and in course of time some were accepted and improved as 
highways. In other cases new and better roads were located, when 
once localities became more distinct, and were maintained by the 
sanction of the colony or by the different counties. 

Of the former class one of the best known was the road which con- 
nected New Haven and Hartford and whose name is still perpetuated 
in the upper part of the county, as is shown by the titles of principal 
streets in Wallingford and Meriden. But even this highway was 
obstructed and, in 1759, the general assembly directed that a com- 
mittee should be appointed " with all care and diligence to view and 
observe said road now used in the various crooks and notable turns 
thereof, and them duly to note, and also with all care to find out how 
and where it may be practicable to shorten or better said way in whole 
or in part."* A view of the committee resulted in an order to the 
towns to have the evils corrected, and the course of the road was some- 
what modified. At other times the courses of these early roads were 
also changed to conform to the existing order of things, as the changes 
of localities, etc.; and, no doubt, a better knowledge of road building 
'also had much to do in brmging about the modification of some of the 
early county roads. 

* Colony Records, 1759. 



44 HISTORY OF NEW HAY EX COUNTY. 

It should be stated that in the neighborhood of the villages these 
early roads were often called lanes from the fact that they there 
passed between the enclosed lots of the planters. Thus at New Haven 
the names of " Long lane " applied to the lower part of the highway 
leading to Hamden, Cheshire and northward ; " Neck lane " to the 
road on the Neck* to Wallingford and Meriden, or to Middletown. 
The latter is now the well known upper part of State street. The 
road to Guilford and the east was first called and long known by the 
name of Totoket path. It first entered the village of New Haven by 
means of a ferry at Red Rock, whence was a way to " Neck lane," and 
thence by its bridge across Mill river. A cartway bridge was there 
built .soon after 1642, and such a structure has there since been 
maintained. Its site became historic as being the place where the 
regicides, Goffe and Whalley, lay concealed while excited constables, 
.sent to apprehend them, rode with loud clamor across the bridge under- 
neath which lay hidden the men they vainly sought. On the evening 
of July nth, 1779, this spot was also made the point of rendezvous for 
the militia, called hither by the invasion of the British, but whose 
service in battle the next day was not needed in consequence of the 
peaceful evacuation of the enemy. 

Neck lane has remained one of the most important thoroughfares 
in the lower part of the county, notwithstanding some of the travel 
over it, from the east, was given more direct entrance by the bridges 
at Dragon Point and below, across the Quinnipiac. The former was 
completed in 1793, and was first a toll bridge, owned by Henry 
Daggett, James Prescott and Thomas Punderson. The state sanc- 
tioned the aid of a lottery and, in 182."), the proprietors having been 
disbursed, the bridge became free. A handsome iron bridge now 
occupies the site. But an earlier bridge across the Quinnipiac was on 
the road to Middletown, which was called the Long bridge, and in 
1784, when New Haven was incorporated a city, it was made the initial 
point in its bounds. In 1814 it became the property of the iSIiddle- 
town turnpike, whose highways cro.ssed the meadows at this point. 
It is still in use. 

The longest and most important bridge across the Quinnipiac in the 
county is below the confluence of Mill river with that stream, which 
is here quite wide. It was built by a company organized for that pur- 
pose and wlVich was encouraged in this enterprise by a grant of wharf 
privileges by the proprietors of New Haven, in the belief that these 
improvements would advance the commercial interests of the towm. 
The bridge was begun in 179(3, and was completed two years later. Its 
length, including the causeway on the east side, was about half a mile 
and the width was 27 feet. A draw in the bridge permitted the ascent, 

* The point of land between Mill and Ouinnipiac rivers was earlj- called the 
"Neck." The lower part of the "Neck" received the name of " drape \'ine 
Point." These terms have been perpetuated. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 45- 

of vessels to Fair Haven, more than a mile above. Below the west end 
valuable wharves were constructed, which were made the terminus' of 
the Hartford & New Haven railroad, in 1831), and ultimately the 
franchises of the bridge company became the property of the rail- 
road company, which after 1852, used the wharves for freight pur- 
poses only. The bridge became of minor importance and was 
allowed to become dilapitated and insecure. In 1885, the railway 
company replaced it with the fine iron bridge which had been in 
use at Stratford. The following year the town of New Haven pur- 
chased the bridge, and the right of way to it of the railway company, 
and since that time it has also been a free bridge. A fine draw, eighty 
feet wide, jDermits large .schooners to pass through. Near the same 
time a fourth bridge was built across the Quinnipiac, about midway 
between the above two bridges. It is an expensive wrought iron 
structure, extending from Red Rock, on the east, to the foot of Ferry 
street, on the west, and was built by the towns of New Haven and 
East Haven. It is also provided with a large draw and has from the 
beginning been free to the public. 

Near the beginning of the present century, the ferries across the 
Housatonic, at Derby, and on the old New York post road, were dis- 
placed by toll bridges, which were freed to the public within the last 
few decades. These bridges, after being owned by the adjoining 
towns, became the joint property of New Haven and Fairfield counties 
in 1889. The lower, or the old Washington bridge, which is a long 
wooden structure, has been placed in good repair by the county com- 
missioners. The bridge between Shelton and Birmingham, an old 
covered wooden structure, was replaced by a fine iron bridge in the 
summer of 1891. The contract was awarded by the commissioners 
April 1st, 1891, to the East Berlin Bridge Company for $54,000. The 
structure is 50() feet long, 27 feet roadway with walks on each side 7" 
feet wide, and makes a fine appearance. 

One of the oldest and best known bridge sites in the county is on 
the West river, where the old Milford path crossed that stream. It is 
probable that a foot bridge was placed there in 1639, and as early as 
1642 and since that time the bridge at that point has afforded passage 
for vehicles. With the growth of New Haven came the demand for 
new streets southwestward, but they were laid out convergent to that 
point, and this was the only bridge on that part of the stream until 
the Kimberley avenue and bridge were built in 1848. The latter 
affords a far more direct route to West Haven and is also used by the 
street railway line between Savin Rock and the city. But the old 
West bridge, as it has been called from the beginning, retains much 
of its importance and has been carefully kept up. In 1876 a substan- 
tial iron structure was there placed in position. A notable improve- 
ment at that place, a hundred years ago, was the West Meadow dyke, 
which was built in 1769. by the elder Nathan Beers, who was killed 



46 HISTORY OF XEW IIAVEX COUNTY. 

by the British when they invaded New Haven ten years later. He 
was a man of wealth and owned a large tract of land in the meadows 
which were of the nature of salt marshes. By constructing the dyke 
and placing tide gates at the bridge he reclaimed many acres of land 
above the bridge, which became valuable as fresh water meadows, 
after the tidal water was by those means kept out. When the British 
landed at West Haven, in 1779, they attempted to enter New Haven 
by this road, but were prevented by a small battery placed at the 
bridge, which covered the catiseway across the meadows. They then 
bore to the left and crossed the river on Thompson's bridge, on the 
old Derby road, at the present village of Westville. A bridge at that 
point was first built in 17o2, for the use of footmen and soon after was 
changed to a cart bridge. It is probable that those using the Derby 
path earlier than this were obliged to ford the stream, and that means 
of crossing was used many years later, at other points on the stream. 

We have seen how the main roads of the county developed from 
foot and bridle paths until some of them were accepted post roads, 
and as such received more care than others. In 1767 the general 
assembly ordered the selectmen to set up milestones on these colonial 
roads, showing the distance from the county towns and in other ways 
directed their improvement, but withotit securing many beneficial 
results. Many of the roads through the country towns remained 
neglected on account of the lack of means to improve them, and the 
work of placing them in a better condition or of creating a better class 
of new thoroughfares, was left for the turnpike companies, of which a 
number were incorporated to build in this county, between the years 
179;") and 1825. The movement in favor of these improved thorough- 
fares was especiall}- strong in Litchfield county, wliicli. unlike Xew 
Haven did not have the advantage of communication by water and 
found it difficult to transport its products. The second turnpike com- 
pany in the state was chartered in niM, to build a toll roatl from 
Woodbury to Jc^hn Wooster"s house at Rimmon Falls, at that time in 
Derby, but now Seymour. It was located through Southbur}- Main 
street, thence across the hills to Southford and Oxford village and 
down the Little river to the point named. The road was not fully 
completed until 1800, and was popularly known in the section as the 
Oxford turnpike. It was maintained as a toll road about half a 
century; but the eastern section, in later years, became a plank road 
on which toll was charged until within a few years ago. On account 
of the relation of this road to a scope of country long without railroads, 
it remained for a long time the principal highway in that part of the 
county. Near the same time (ISOl) the Rimmon Falls Turnpike Com- 
pany built a road six miles in length, through the then upper part 
of Derby and the southern part of Woodbridge to Thompson's bridge, 
at Hotciikisstown. now Westville, by means of which entrance was 
secured into New Haven, after joining the "Straits" turnpike. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 47 

The latter turnpike was built by a company chartered in October, 
1797, to build from New Haven court house to Litchfield court house, 
a distance of 36 miles. It passed through the eastern part of Wood- 
bridge, along Mill river, thence northwest through Bethany to the 
waters of Beacon brook and through the defile of that stream, bet-ween 
the present towns of Beacon Falls and Naugatuck, commonly called 
the "Strait.s,"* from which the road took its name. At that place a 
hamlet now sprung up which was called Straitsville. From the latter 
place the turnpike followed the old county road until near Xaugatuck 
village, when a more direct line was taken to Salem Bridge, where the 
river was crossed and the road passed upon the west side of the 
river, through Middlebury into Watertown and points beyond. A 
futile effort was made to have the road built upon the ea.st side of the 
river, from Salem Bridge to Waterbury, but the influence of Water- 
town was too strong to permit the change of route. Subsequently a 
turnpike was built from Waterbury to Naugatuck, where a junction 
was made with the "Straits" turnpike: and still later another turn- 
pike was built from the .Salem bridge to Humphreysville, also on the 
east side of the river, where connection was made with the Oxford and 
Rimmon Falls turnpikes. The " Straits " turnpike and its lateral 
branches were very much used until the completion of the Naugatuck 
Valley railway, in 1849. It was the first road of that nature built into 
the city of New Haven, and its course northwest continues one of the 
main public highways. 

The Derby Turnpike was another of these improved highways, 
from the northwest. The company was chartered in 1798, to build 
from Derby Landing to New Haven, a distance of eight miles, and 
there is a well accepted tradition that one of the hopes of the builders 
was that by this means traffic from the east might be diverted to 
Derby Landing, which at that time smartly rivaled New Haven as a 
shipping point. Instead, however, of this being the case its projectors 
had the mortification of seeing long lines of teams pa.ss by their ware- 
houses to New Haven, which under the stimulus of the turnpike 
system was now greatly prospering.^ The building of the Derby 
turnpike through the northern part of Milford mow Orange) was 
strongly opposed by the inhabitants of that town, who protested that 
it was not just to use their highways for that purpose. The main part 
of the road, however, has been maintained since 1802, when it was 
completed, and it now enjoys the distinction of being the only turn- 
pike in the state. Since the completion of the Derby railroad in 1871, 
its^ use has been greatly abridged. Although having only a small 
mileage, it still serves a useful purpose. 

In the same period the Milford turnpike was completed. It entered 

*Also spelled in some records Streights and Straights, but, no doubt, in- 
accurately. 

+ See History of Derby. 



48 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN" COUNTY. 

the city of New Haven b\' way of the West bridge and West lane, 
which course was confirmed to it by tlie general assembly in 1804. 
Forming as it did a part of the great post line to New York it was for 
many years a very important improvement. In this county it passed 
through the present towns of Orange and Milford, after leaving New 
Haven, and passed out of the county over Washington bridge, across 
the Housatonic. It declined soon after the completion of the New 
York & New Haven railway. 

The Cheshire Turnpike Company was also chartered in ]8(K), and 
liberty was granted to build from New Haven through the present 
towns of Hamden and Cheshire to Southington. At Whitney lake an 
intersection was made with the Hartford turnpike, the road to that 
place being kept up at the joint expense of the two companies. The 
Cheshire pike was much u.sed until 1848, forming a part of a main line 
of travel north and east, after passing into Hartford county, and now 
constitutes one of the best public highways in the central part of this 
county. 

But perhaps the most important turnpike was the one built by the 
Hartford Sc New Haven Turnpike Company, which received its 
charter in 1798. Among its projectors were men of wealth, influence 
and enterprise, James Hillhou.se becoming the president of the com- 
pany soon after its organization. The length of this road was nearly 
35 miles and originally it extended north through Mill lane (now 
Orange street) to the old grist mill, at \Vhitneyville. thence northeast 
toward the Ouinnipiac, passing up the west side of that .stream and 
leaving Wallingford well to the right, but passing through Yalesville 
and Meriden center, and thence into Hartford county. For a number 
of years it was a great stage route but rapidly lost its importance after 
the completion of the railroad, in 1889, whose course is almost 
parallel. 

The success of these turnpikes encouraged the formation of other 
companies to build to points on the east. In 1818 was chartered the 
2vIiddletown, Durham & New Haven Turnpike Company, and the 
following year the road was completed. It entered the city of New 
Haven by means of the long causeway across the Ouinnipiac meadows 
and the bridge there (called at this time Lewis') and was a very desir- 
able road to the localities named. At an intermediate point it was 
intersected by the (luilford & Durham turnpike, and travel from the 
Pettipaug turnpike was also poured into it. But it never attained the 
importance of some of the other roads. 

Several companies were chartered to build turnpikes east, near the 
shore, but they were never successfully organized. And, indeed, it 
was hardly necessary as the nature of the soil in that locality made 
the construction of good roads an easy matter. In later years a turn- 
pike was con.structed from Aliddletown to Watcrbury, by way of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 49 

Meriden, but it failed to meet the expectations of those interested and 
was not maintained many years. 

The effect of these roads upon some parts of the county, however, 
was very marked and beneficial, and they may be credited with intro- 
ducing the era of increased travel and business activity in all of the 
principal towns to which they were built. By uniting with other 
systems comparatively easy communication was established with 
nearly all the chief points in the county. How extensive were these 
ramifications is shown from an extract from President Dwight's 
writings, in 1814, when the foregoing six turnpikes were in use ; 

"One through Berlin, and by a branch through Middletown, also 
to Hartford, and thence in four different ways to Boston, &c.; another 
to Farmington, and thence through Litchfield to Albany, and thence 
to Niagara, and by branch to Hudson and Catskill, and thence to the 
Susquehannah River, &c.; by another branch up Naugatuc River 
through Waterbury and Norfolk to Stockbridge and Albany; the 
fourth through Humphreysville to Southbury, and thence to Cornwall; 
the fifth through Derby to New Milford; the sixth to Stratford Ferry 
and thence to New York."* 

The introduction of the steamboat in 1815, and the establishment 
of many lines of stages in connection aided largely in the develop- 
ment of the county. New Haven and the coast towns especially were 
quickened by these influences, which attracted population and many 
industries. Meantime, the resources of the interior of the state and 
the hill towns of this county demanded other methods of transporta- 
tion than the limited capacity of the freight wagon; and as the 
canal was at that time in great favor elsewhere, it was strongly urged 
as an improvement which would prove equally useful in this county. 
The discussion of the matter, several years, led to the incorporation 
of the Farmington Canal Company, in 1822, which was authorized to 
build a water way for boats from the state line, through Farmington 
to New Haven. The sub.scription books were opened the following 
year and many of New Haven's business men were active in the sup- 
port of the measure; James Hillhouse, Henry Farnam and Joseph 
E. Sheffield, three of the leading men of New Haven, being especially 
active in its promotion and served as officers of the company. In 
1825 a final survey of the route to be taken was made by Judge 
Benjamin Wright, of New York, when it was determined to come 
down the valley of Mill river rather than along the Quinnipiac, where 
some had projected the line. On the 4th of July, 1825, the work of 
construction was commenced and was vigorously pushed forward 
under the superintendence of James Hillhouse. But progress was 
slow and the canal was not completed to Farmington until three years 
later. Two years earlier, in 1820, with a view of making the canal a 
more important thoroughfare the stocks of the Farmington Company 

* Dwight's Travels, Vol. I., p. 197. 
4 



50 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

and those of the Hampshire & Hampden Company, in Massachusetts, 
had been blended, and Xorthampton on the Connecticut river was 
selected as the northern terminus. To that point the canal was com- 
pleted after mtich trouble and many vicissitudes of fortune in 1835, 
Henry F'arnam last serving as chief engineer, and James Goodrich 
being the president of the company. 

The canal fairly served the purposes of the buildei'S, but at be.st 
was never a paying enterprise, when extraordinary losses, caused by 
freshets, practically bankrupted the foregoing companies. With a 
depleted treasury and an impaired credit, nothing could save the 
property but the reorganization of the companies. This was done in 
1886, when the management passed to the New Haven & Nor- 
thampton Company, which liquidated the debts of the old companies 
and had left, on the basis of the new organization, about §120,000 as a 
working capital. But even this was soon e.xhausted in repairing 
other damages by freshets and the new company soon found itself in 
financial straits. In this emergency the credit of the company was 
sustained by the city of New Haven, which in 1840 relinquished its 
claims for loans made, and agreed to pay $8,000 per year for a term of 
years, for so much of the water as it would need for domestic use. 
With this assistance the cost of operation was met by the receipts 
until 1848, when another freshet inflicted damages to the extent of 
$20,000 and the company again found itself in a crippled condition, 
notwithstanding the increase of patronage consequent upon the 
establishment of business communication between New York city, 
Vermont and New Hampshire, by means of this canal, had greatly 
augmented its trafific. Another impetu.s to the use of the canal had 
been given in 1838, when a line of packet boats was placed on it by 
Nathaniel A. Bacon and others. They were gayly painted and com- 
fortable in their arrangements, which permitted the trip from New 
Haven to Northampton to be made with considerable ease and in 2G 
hours time. But the success of the railroad had doomed the future 
of the canal, and as early as 1845, the stockholders contemplated the 
abandonment of the water way and the change to a railway. At the 
instance of Superintendent Farnam, Alexander C. Twining made a 
survey along the route for a railway, which was found to be so feasible 
that in February, 1846, the directt)rs of the canal were instructed to 
petition for a charter. This was .secured and, in January, 1847, the 
work of building a railroad was commenced. The canal was soon 
after abandoned, e.xccpt a portion in the town of Hamden, which was 
kept up longer on account of its water supply. From first to la.st this 
enterprise caused a loss to those who had become interested of more 
than a million of dollars. Its princii^al compensating effects were the 
creation of several new water powers, in Hamden and in New Haven. 
In the latter place the channel of a sluggish little creek was improved 
for a canal bed and where is now the citv market house, a large brick 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 51 

grist mill was erected in 1836, which obtained its power from the 
canal. This spot was later selected for the depot of the railway com- 
panies and was used until the consolidation of interests and increased 
traffic demanded larger facilities in new buildings. In New Haven 
county the canal passed almost centrally, from .south to north, through 
New Haven, Hamden and Cheshire, and those towns most directly 
shared its benefits. 

After discussing the propriety of building a railway to connect 
Hartford and New Haven from 1830 for several years, in which a 
number of absurd propositions were considered, a practical result was 
obtained in May, 1833, when the general assembly chartered the 
Hartford & New Haven Railroad Company. James Brewster pre- 
sented the memorial and was named as one of the corporators. He 
was also one of the early mainstays of the company. The capital 
stock was fixed at but $.500,000, with privilege to increase to $1,000,000, 
and was to be exempt from taxation until the profits of the company 
should permit the payment of a dividend of five per cent, per annum. 
Several years were consumed in effecting an organization and in 
making surveys, under the direction of A. C. Twining; and it was 
not until April, 1836, that a section was located for construction — the 
block of eighteen miles from New Haven to Meriden. In locating 
its route the company had some difficulty in selecting what was 
deemed the proper course. Three main routes were' considered: the 
eastern, by way of Middletown; the western, through New Britain, 
and the middle, through Wallingford and Meriden Center. The 
latter was selected to the great di.sgust of the competing towns, but 
even then some obstacles were encountered. Some non-progressive 
citizens interposed such serious objections that the .survey was finally 
located through West Meriden.-" In a general way the course is along 
the old Colony road to the Hartford line. The Meriden section was 
completed in 1838, under the direction of engineer E. H. Brodhead, 
and for a year that village was the northern terminus. In this period 
the second section was built, the first train running into Hartford 
December 14th, 1839. 

By the terms of the charter the New Haven terminus was fixed at 
the west end of Tomlinson bridge, which property and franchises had 
been purchased by those interested in the railway company. A 
wharf was completed before 1839, for the landing of steamboats, by 
which means direct communication to New York was established. 
For a number of years that arrangement was maintained, the pas.sen- 
ger station being at that point; and to this day a con.siderable freight 
traffic is transacted at the warehouses of the company on Tomlinson's 
wharves and at other slips on New Haven harbor, in connection with 
vessels sailing to all parts of the Atlantic coast. A very large pro- 
portion of the coal and lumber trade is thus handled. 
*See sketch of Meriden. 



52 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The Hartford & New Haven Company acquired a number of 
extensions and lateral lines, by purchase or by consolidation. In 
1847 it absorbed the Springfield & Hartford road and subsequently 
the Middletown, New Britain and Windsor Locks extensions, which 
much increased its usefulness and importance. Through its influence 
the northeastern part of the county was rapidly developed and much 
business created at Wallingford and at Meriden, where fine stations 
are maintained. 

We have stated that the success of the Hartford railway induced 
the proprietors of the canal to decide to convert their property into a 
railway, to be built on or near the tow path. Accordingly an amend- 
atory act was secured in 1840, to incorporate the Farmington Canal 
Railroad, under which the road was built by the old company. It was 
completed to Plainville in January, 1S48. A purpose to build an 
extension to Waterbury from some point in Cheshire was defeated, it 
was suppo.sed, in the interests of rival railway companies, projected 
about the same time. Soon after it was built it was leased for a term 
of years to the New York & New Haven Company, and under that 
management, it was forced into a subordinate position, in which there 
was no development and the property became much dilapitated. 
Through the sale of stock the company passed under the present con- 
trol in 1881, and as the Northampton division of the consolidated 
roads, the old Canal railway has been greatly improved and its useful- 
ness extended. Cheshire and Mt. Carmel are the principal stations 
in the county outside of New Haven city. 

The New York & New Haven Railroad Company was chartered by 
the general a.ssembly of Connecticut, in 1844, to build a railway be- 
tween the points named. The New York legislature failed to grant a 
sanctioning charter, but after some effort an agreement was reached 
with the Harlem railroad, which secured the right to enter into New 
York city by that line. In May, 1846, the New Haven company was 
authorized to form a connection with the Harlem road, in the locality 
of Williams Bridge. The whole of the capital stock was subscribed 
in 1840, and the location of the route was approved the following 
spring. The work of construction was now actively begun by Alfred 
Bishop and S. G. Miller, who had a number of sub-contractors working 
at different points simultaneously. A small army of Irishmen was 
employed as workmen, and a large proportion remained and became 
citizens of the county. On the -iSth of December, 1848, the road was 
so far completed that cars began running into New Haven and soon 
after a regular train service was established. Ground was leased of 
the canal company, below Chapel street, upon which (for those times) 
an elaborate depot was erected, in 1849. In May, the same year, the 
Hartford & New Haven railroad also began running its trains into 
' this depot and a through service was now established. This building 
was used until 1874, when the present commodious and well arranged 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 53 

Station, at the foot of Meadow street, was occupied. It stands on 
ground which has been reclaimed out of New Haven harbor, and the 
yards on one side extend to that body of water. Here more than 
seventy trains from all parts of the East, North and West, arrive and 
depart daily, and fourteen trains per day will quickly bear the pas- 
sengers to New York city, distant 73 miles. 

It is said that business increa.'ied so rapidly, on the completion of 
the New York road, that the managers found it difficult to supply 
cars fast enough and that there were soon four trains each way. A 
great impetus was also given to all kinds of business and many new 
enterprises were begun along the railroad. Soon after occurred two 
events in the history of the road which checked its prosperity and 
which brought sorrow and distress to many a home. The first was 
the " Norwalk Disaster," May 6th, 1853. An express train from New 
York heavily laden with passengers, many being distinguished ph3-si- 
cians returning from a medical convention held in New York, passed 
the station without stopping and plunged through an open draw into 
the Norwalk river. Car followed car, in the fearful leap, piling on or 
crashing into each other, killing 44 persons outright and injuring 
others so seriously that death soon ensued or left them crippled for 
life. It was a dreadful scene and produced great excitement, as many 
of the men killed were widely known and their less was greatly 
mourned. The company was put to great expense to settle the claims 
arising from this calamity, which involved in one form or another 
nearly half a million of dollars. Naturally a suspension of dividends 
followed which gave the opportunity for the second calamity — the 
perpetration of the great "Schuyler Fraud." From the time the 
company was organized Robert Schuyler was the trusted president 
and agent of the company and was ranked among the foremost of 
New York's capitalists. His great credit and honorable position gave 
him the opportunity to carry out his selfish scheme, which was the 
overissue of the stock of the company to the amount of §1,000,000 and 
selling the same, as a pledge of collateral security, through the bank- 
ing house of R. & G. L. Schuyler. Hundreds of persons bought these 
stocks in good faith and the settlement with those holding them in- 
volved long and tedious litigation. In most cases a satisfactory settle- 
ment was made by giving the holders one good for two spurious 
shares of .stock, thus making the holders and the company equal losers 
in this unfortunate affair. On the discovery of this swindle, Schuyler 
wrote a letter to the company, July 3d, 1854, exonerating his brother 
and then, it is supposed, fled from the country, and it is believed that 
he soon after died abroad. . 

Under these adverse circumstances the company labored many 
years, but under the presidency of William D. Bishop, which began in 
1867 and continued twelve years, the present consolidated system was 
begun and carried to completion by his successor, George H. Watrous, 



54 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

until this has become one of the greatest and most successful railway 
corporations in the Union. By the action of both companies the New 
York & New Haven and the Hartford & New Haven companies were, 
on the 6th of August, 1872, merged as a body corporate under the 
name of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company, 
by which title the consolidated roads have since been known. Since 
November 1st, 1870. the Shore Line railway has been a part of the 
system, by lease; the Canal road since 1881, by purchase: and the 
Boston & New York Air Line, by lea.se since 1879, and by purchase 
since 1882. A few years ago the Naugatuck railroad also passed 
under the management of this system, which thus includes all the rail- 
ways of the county except a few named in the following pages. In 
1890 the president of the corporation was Charles P. Clark, and the 
general offices were maintained at New Haven, which is the center of 
the system. 

The Naugatuck Railroad Company was chartered in 184."), to build 
a railroad in the Naugatuck valley " from some suitable point in the 
town of Plymouth, or in the town of Waterbury, to Derby and thence 
to the city of New Haven, or to the town of Milford,or to the town of 
Bridgeport." The road, as is elsewhere"'^ related, was completed to 
Waterbury, June 11th, 1849, and to Winsted September 24th, 1849. 
The southern terminus is practically at Bridgeport, but instead of 
building a line from Derby on the west side of the river, to that place, 
as was at one time contemplated, a junction was made with the New 
York & New Haven railroad on the east side of the Housatonic 
bridge, and its lines are used to Bridgeport. The Naugatuck road 
more than any other one agent has been the means of making the 
valley what it now is, a bustling, thriving hive of industry. In this 
county well patronized stations are maintained at Derby, Ansonia, 
Seymour, Beacon Falls, Naugatuck, Union City and Waterbury. The 
road has the distinction of passing through the most picturesque part 
of the county, and its High Rock Park, in the town of Beacon Falls, 
has become a popular resort. 

The Shore Line Divi-sion of the Consolidated Sj^stem is the out- 
growth of the New Haven & New London Railroad Company, char- 
tered in 1848, to construct a road between the points named, and by 
viniting with an eastern road to New London produce a shore line 
to Boston. After some delay in organizing the company proceeded 
to build and the road was opened to the Connecticut river July 22d, 
1852. In 1850 the above lines were consolidated under the name of 
the New Haven, New London & Stonington Railroad Company, under 
which title operations were carried on until June, 1804, when the com- 
pany was re-organized tinder the name of the Shore Line Railway. 
The road never had proper terminal facilities at New Haven and failed 
to meet the expectations of its builders. Hence it was leased, Novem- 

*See accounts of the Naugatuck \'alley towns. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. fio 

ber 1st, 1870, to the Xe\v York, New Haven & Hartford Company, at 
an annual rental of $1 ()(),( K)0, and has since become a pleasant and 
important thoroughfare to Boston. This line has also aided in the 
development of the southeastern part of the county and stations are 
maintained in all the towns through which it passes: East Haven, 
Madison, Guilford and Branford. In Branford village one of the 
finest stations in all southern Connecticut has lately been erected to 
accommodate the heavy travel, consequent upon visits to the summer 
resorts along the coast. 

The other road of the Consolidated System is known as the Boston 
& NewYork Air Line. It is, in New Haven county, located through 
the towns of North Haven and Wallingford and has a direct north- 
easterly course to Middletown. It was partially completed in Augu.st, 
1870, but was not in thorough running order until 1873. Its construc- 
tion, owing to the opposition of rival roads, was attended with much 
difficulty, the project having been under way since 1846, when a com- 
panj- was chartered to build a road in that course. A charter to an- 
other company in 18o5 was also unproductive of the desired results, 
although considerable work was done. Under a third charter, granted 
in 1867, the road was completed by the New Haven, Middletown & 
Willimantic Railroad Company, whose franchises were sold under 
foreclosure in 187.i, when the Air Line company succeeded to the 
ownership. As has been stated it was leased in 1879, for 99 years, to 
the Consolidated road and as part of that great system has greatly in- 
creased in importance. The towns named have been provided with 
shipping facilities, two stations being maintained in North Haven and 
one in Wallingford. 

The railroads in the count}' not managed by the foregoing corpora- 
tion are the Meriden, Waterbury & Connecticut River, the New 
Haven & Derby, and the New England roads. The first is largely 
a Meriden enterprise and is fully noted in a sketch of that town in 
this book. It extends from Cromwell, on the Connecticut river, 
through Meriden to Waterbury. At the former place facilities are 
afforded for transporting freight by water. It has been but recently 
built but has already become a valuable link between two of the most 
thriving cities in the county, and will add to the prosperity ot the 
northern section of New Haven. Its route in New Haven is through 
Meriden, Cheshire, Prospect and Waterbury. In each town shipping 
facilities are provided. 

The New England railroad extends through the northwestern part 
of the county, after passing through the city of Waterbury, having a 
general southwesterly course. It thus passes through the towns of 
Naugatuck, Middlebury, Oxford and Southbury, affording railway 
communications to towns long deprived of them. The extension 
from Waterbury west to the Hudson river was completed in 1881. 

The New Haven & Derby railroad, as completed in July, 1871, 



56 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

seven years after the company was incorporated, was but thirteen 
miles in length. It extended from New Haven through the town of 
Orange, to Ansonia. In the past few years, however, this road has 
become a part of the Housatonic system and has been extended by 
that corporation to its main line at Botsford and forms part of their 
through line to the West. Its importance to the county has thus been 
greatly increased and New Haven, which liberally subsidized the 
company, has in a measure been compensated by an outlet independent 
of the associated roads in the other system. 

Of the 2G towns in the county all have railways within their bounds 
except Bethany, North Branford, Wolcott and Woodbridge. But the 
center of any of these towns is within six miles of a railway station 
and no section of the county is cut off from the rest of the world by 
lack of proper communication. 

Military training was one of the features of the social life of the 
colonists. From the beginning they were apprehensive of a possible 
Indian attack, which induced them to take all the precaution at their 
command. Every male citizen, between the ages of IG and 60, who 
was capable of bearing arms, except such as were excused, was 
required to train for military service. For many years soldiers were 
on duty every night and every Sunday one-fourth of those in the 
" train band " were paraded before the meeting house, thus passing 
each soldier in review once a month. Thrice in the spring and the 
same number of times in the fall every arms-bearing man was required 
to turn out at the general training. These were occasions of great 
interest and the training was witnessed b}- nearly the entire popula- 
tion of each plantation. In consequence of this general military ser- 
vice many of the early planters bore the titles of officers, which con- 
veyed the idea of honorable distinction and were almost invariably 
used in speaking of them, or in recording their names in public or 
church affairs. At New Haven, Nathaniel Turner was the first captain 
of the " trained band," and Robert Seeley was the lieutenant. There 
were usually four sergeants, each of whom commanded a squadron. 
The market place or green was generally the appointed place for the 
training. The arms at first were muskets, pistols and swords. The 
ammunition was carried in bandoleers — a sort of leather belt, with 
pockets, which was slung acro.ss the .shoulder. 

In 1644, liberty was granted to begin an artillery company, which 
was completely organized in March, 1645, when it was accepted into 
service. Richard Malbon was the first captain. Since that day these 
two arms of the .service have been maintained in the county. Guil- 
ford, also, very early, had a company toman " the great guns." About 
this time the available force of the towns in the county was less than 
200 men. In Ki.'i^, when there was prospect of war with the Dutch, 
two pieces of artillery were placed on the New Haven green and two 
more were mounted at the harbor so as to command the inlet. Later 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 57 

the former guns were placed on a frigate, which was to cruise along 
the coast from Stamford to the Connecticut river. This was the 
•county's first naval service. 

The first attempt at the organization of the cavalr}' service was 
made in 1653, when it was ordered by the jurisdiction that sixteen 
horses should be provided for the five towns in the colony. 

The first actual service of any troops from the county was in King 
Philip's war, commencing in the fall of 1675, and ending with the 
■defeat of that noted chieftain, August 12th, 1676. Major Robert Treat, 
■of Milford, was in command of the Connecticut forces, which rendez- 
voused at New London. In the movement against the Indians, Gov- 
ernor Winslow, of Plymouth colony, was at the head, with Treat 
second in command of t'ne limited forces. 

In the fight at Narragansett Fort, Connecticut had 300 men in the 
engagement, SO of whom were killed or wounded. The loss included 
four of the five captains, commanding the colony troops. The meri- 
torious conduct of Major Treat in this campaign no doubt secured for 
him his election as governor, some yeans later. 

In 1680 New Haven county reported 623 trained soldiers. Seven- 
teen years later a company was equipped and placed under command 
of Captain Ebenezer Johnson, of Derby, m response to a call of Gov- 
ernor Fletcher, of New York, where an attack by the French was 
feared. The organization of " train bands " was continued, with the 
increase of population, a troop of honses being authorized for New 
Haven in 1702. In 1781) the aggregate number of trained men in the 
county was 2,302, comprising several regiments. The county fur- 
nished men in the French and Indian wars — 17.")5 to 1760 — her quota 
always being promptly supplied. In 1774 the first company in the 
county, independent of the colonial militia, was formed. It was called 
the "Second Company. Governor's Guard," the first having been 
formed at Hartford some three years earlier. The New Haven com- 
pany soon became very efficient and was an important factor in the 
early history of the revolution. 

The action of the British parliament, in passing the stamp act in 
1765, greatly excited the people of the county. This feeling was 
aggravated, no doubt, by the action of one of her citizens, Jared Inger- 
soll, a worthy and honorable man, who accepted the office of " starnp 
distributor" for the colony. A meeting was held at New Haven, Sep- 
tember 17th, 1765, when Mr. IngensoU was requested to resign his 
office. But he declined to do so, until he had first learned what were 
the wishes of the general assembl}' on this matter. To properly ascer- 
tain them, he at once left for Hartford, on this mission, but in passing 
through Wethersfield he was subjected to so many indignities that he 
very prudently resigned, no doubt preventing personal violence 
which was threatened. From this time on sentiment against British 



58 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

oppression was steadily cultivated and at the outbreak of the war the 
preponderance of feeling was against the royalist cause. 

At this time there was living at New Haven an apothecary who 
became an important figure in the struggle for American independ- 
ence which followed, and had he been less avaricious and more honor- 
able he would to-day be revered as a distinguished patriot instead of 
being execrated as a base traitor. Benedict Arnold, this important 
personage in American history, was born at Norwich, January 3d, 
1740. Coming to New Haven soon after he had attained his age, he 
married Margaret Mansfield at her father's house, on Crown street. 
As early as 1765 he had a drug and general trader's store at New 
Haven, first on George street and later on Water street. The sign 
which indicated his place of business is .still preserved, and may be 
seen in the rooms of the New Haven Colony Historical vSociety. He 
was shrewd and energetic and reached out in trade in various lines, 
being part owner, also, of three small vessels — " The Fortune," " Three 
Brothers," and "Charming Sally," which were in the West Indies 
trade. The scope of his business may be seen from the following 
advertisement, which he inserted in the Connecticut Gazette: 

"Benedict Arnold wants to buy a number of large, genteel, fat 
horses, pork, oats and hay. And has to sell choice cotton and salt, by 
quantity or retail: and other goods as usual. 

New Haven, January 24, 1766." 

About this time Arnold got into trouble with one of the crew of 
the ves.sel in which he himself had sailed as a supercargo. He was 
accused by Peter Boole, the seaman, of bringing in contraband goods, 
whereupon he chastised the sailor and secured a retraction by force, 
with a promise that the seaman was at once to leave town. As he did 
not do this, Arnold made up a party and. in his own words: "Took 
him to the Whipping Post, where he received near forty lashes with a 
small cord and was conducted out of town: since which, on his return, 
the aiTair was submitted to Colonel David Wooster and Mr. Enos 
Allen (gentlemen of reputed good judgment and understanding) who 
were of opinion that the fellow was not whipped too much and gave 
him nos. damages only." 

This action on the part of Arnold way censured by many, so that 
he was impelled to write a letter to the public, January 29th, 1706, m 
which he endeavored to justify his conduct, and from which the above 
extract has been taken. It reveals the unscrupulous, bold and 
audacious nature of the man. However, by reason of his energy he 
was, in the course of the next ten years recognized as one of the lead- 
ing men of the town of New Haven, and was placed in command of 
the Governor's Guard. No doubt, he was, at the outbreak of the war 
an impulsive, enthusia.stic patriot, but would not brook any re.straint. 

The battle of Lexington was fought Wednesday, April 19th, 1775. 
The news of it reached New Haven Friday noon, April 21st, and ere- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 59 

ated intense excitement. Captain Benedict Arnold immediately called 
out his company, the Governor's Guard, and proposed that they should 
at once start for Lexington to join the American forces as volunteers. 
About forty of the men consented to march with him. He requested 
the town authorities to furnish them the desired ammunition, but they 
refused to do so. The next morning he paraded his men before the 
council chamber and forming them in front of the building demanded 
the ammunition or the keys of the powder house, or he would order the 
company to break it open and help themselves. This threat was 
heeded and the required ammunition was supplied, after Colonel David 
Wooster, of the colony militia, had vainly endeavored to restrain the 
impetuosity of the young man, advising him to wait for orders from 
the proper authority before starting for the scene of conflict. Arnold 
answered the veteran of three score and four years: "None but 
Almighty God shall prevent my marching." * 

The company marched immediately and, stopping at Wethersfield 
the second night, received many attentions from the inhabitants of 
that place. The guards reached the headquarters of the Massachu- 
setts forces, at Cambridge, April 29th, and took up their quarters in the 
deserted mansion of Lieutenant Governor Oliver, who had been 
obliged to flee on account of his attachment to the cause of the British. 
The Guards were uniformed and equipped like the British Life Guard 
and the company had the most soldierly appearance of all the Amer- 
ican forces. On one occasion the men were complimented by a British 
officer, who said " thej- were not excelled by any of his Majesty's 
troops." After remaining at Cambridge about three weeks most of 
the Guards returned to New Haven, but Captain Arnold having been 
sent by General Washington with a force of 1,000 men to penetrate 
into Canada, about a dozen of the New Haven men accompanied 
him and shared with him the privations and perils of that hazardous 
and fruitless campaign. In the repulse at Quebec Arnold was with 
Montgomery and had his leg shattered. Two years later, in April, 
1777, he aided in driving the British from Panbury, so much harras- 
sing the retreating forces of Governor Tryon that the British lost 170 
men killed and wounded. The .same year Arnold was made a major 
general and, at the battle of Saratoga, performed splendid and succes.s- 
ful service. In the fall of 1780, Arnold turned traitor to his country, 
and the following year added to his baseness by leading a British 
expedition against New London, September 6th, which he captured 
and burned, at a loss of half a million dollars, and stormed Forts 
Trumbull and GrLswold. The Americans lost in all 85 men, killed in 
the assault. As all this was done in his native county, the memory of 
Arnold is very properly execrated by all loyal sons of Connecticut. 
When the people of New Haven heard of his treason they held a 
public demonstration, in October, 1780, in which they expressed their 

* History of City of New Haven, p. ii. 



■60 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

disapproval, by caricaturing Arnold in many base ways, hanging him 
in effigy and consigning him to the lowest depths of infamy.* 
Naturally, in view of these ceremonies. New Haven was very appre- 
hensive that his revenge would fall upon it and that his expedition 
would be directed against this county rather than against other points 
in the colony. He never returned to New Haven.t 

Another character of the county, in that revolutionary period, but 
who was the very opposite of Arnold, was the first major general of 
the Connectictit troops, David Wooster. He was born at Stratford, 
March 2d, 1710, soon after the removal of his parents to that town 
from the old town of Derby. In 1738 he graduated from Yale and the 
following year entered the provincial army. In 1745 he was a captain 
under Colonel Burr at the capture of Louisburg. Subsequently, in 
the French war, he was commissioned colonel and later brigadier of 
the colonial militia. After the war he located at New Haven, where 
he and one of his classmates, Aaron Day, engaged in merchandising, 
in which avocation he was when the revolution began. In the spring 
of 1775, he was commissioned major general and commander-in-chief 
of the six regiments of Connecticut, raised for the patriot cause. In 
June, 1775, Colonel Wooster marched with his New Haven regiment 
for New York, and afterward led it to Lake Champlain and Canada, 
where, after General Montgomery's death, he was chief in command. 
Returning to Connecticut in the summer of 1776, he was commissioned 
the first major general of the militia of the colony, and devoted him- 
self to the protection of the coast, which was threatened by the 
British in the winter of 1776-7. In the latter part of April, 1777, he 
received word that the British had landed in Fairfield, the object of 
the invasion being the destruction of the military stores at Danbury. 
In the engagements which followed, in that locality, he was wounded 
fatally at Ridgefield, April 27th, 1777, and died at Daribury May 2d. 
He was buried at the latter place and in 1854 his grave was marked 
by a fine monument, erected by the Masonic fraternity, of which he 
was an exemplary member. 

In these battles a number of New Haven troops were engaged and 
another merchant of that town, David Atwater, Jr., was killed when 
the British embarked at Conipo Hill, April 28th, 1777. 

While the county was active in furnishing men and means to carry 
on the war against the British foe, in other parts, the defenceless con- 
dition of its shores occasioned no little anxiety. In 1775 a number of 
cannons were loaned the town of New Haven by patriotic citizens of 
New "\'ork, a powder mill was built at Westville and other prepara- 

* See Conn. Jmnnal, Oct. 19, 17S(). 

t Major General Arnold visited his home at New Haven in May, 1778, when 
his bravery was properly recog-nized by a triumphal greeting. After his treachery 
his property here was disposed of by two commissioners appointed for that pur- 
pose by the Countj- Court. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 61 

tions were made to meet the exigencies occasioned by a state of war. 
On the 14th of November, 177;"), a beacon was erected on Indian hill 
in East Haven and a system of alarms was established, whereby the 
news of an attack could be conveyed to the towns of the interior. 
Cannons were also placed in position along the Milford and Guilford 
coast and a watch was kept over all places where a landing might be 
effected. As long as the British were in possession of New York and 
Long Island, their predatory excursions were frequent and but little 
feeling of safety could be entertained. 

In the spring of 1777, the British collected a large quantity of stores 
at Sag Harbor, on Long Island, and May 21st, 1777, an expedition of 
200 men under Lieutenant Colonel Meigs, left Sachem's Head, 
in Guilford, to destroy them. This plan was well carried out. the 
expedition having accomplished its object within 24 hours without 
loss of life to the Americans but inflicting much damage to the enemy. 
Vast quantities of hay and a number of vessels were burned, five of 
the enemy were killed and 90 taken prisoners. It was doubtful, 
though, whether this was a wise movement, as the enemy soon 
retaliated. In less than a month the British landed at Leete's Island, 
in Guilford, where they burned some buildings and in the skirmish 
which followed two Americans were killed and three wounded. Later 
the British also invaded the east part of Guilford (now Madison i, but 
were repulsed after a brief skirmish. * 

All through 1777-8, it was feared that the British would land at 
New Haven and pillage or destroy the town. Great precautions were 
taken to prevent such an occurrence, and the town rested reasonably 
secure until the summer of 1779, when, unexpectedly, the British 
appeared, invaded the town and pillaged it, these acts forming the 
most stirring events, on the soil of the county, in the history of the 
revolution. A brief account of them only can here find place.f 

About one o'clock on the morning of July .')th,1779, a British fleet, 
consisting of the men of war " Camilla" and " Scorpion," with tenders, 
transports, etc., 48 vessels in all, commanded by Commodore Sir 
George Collier, appeared off New Haven harbor. On board were 
about 3,000 soldiers, under the command of Major General Tryon and 
Brigadier General Garth. The purpose of the expedition was soon 
apparent, as narrated by President Stiles : 

" Alarm guns were fired and Lieut. Col. Sabin ordered to beat to 
arms. With a telescope on the top of the tower of the college steeple, 
we plainly saw the boats putting off from the shipping for shore a 
little after sunrise. All then knew our fate. Perhaps one-third of the 
adult male inhabitants flew to arms and went out to meet them. A 
quarter moved out of town, doing nothing; the rest remained unmoved, 

*See History of Guilford. 

t Compiled from Cc>n?n'iticut Journal. President Stiles' Diary, Barber's Collec- 
tions, Howe's Narratives, At water's New Haven History, etc., etc. 



62 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

partly Tories, partly timid Whigs. Sundry of the Tories armed and 
went forth to fight the foe. About ninety or one hundred men finally 
stayed in town. 

" At five in the morning General Garth's division landed at West 
Haven and marched to the meeting-house, one mile, and formed upon 
the Green, where they halted two hours. About nine or ten, General 
Tryon landed his division at Five-Mile Point. Both divisions were 
engaged in their respective operations: Tryon approaching the town 
on the east side of the harbor and Garth on the west. Colonel Sabin 
with two pieces of artillery went to West Bridge. Captain James 
Hillhouse, with twenty or thirty brave young men, together with many 
others, crossed West Bridge, went over Milford Hill, and thence with- 
in a quarter of a mile of the Green where the enemy were paraded. 
Upon their beginning the march, Captain James Hillhouse fired upon 
the advance-guard so as to drive them in to the main body. But 
coming in force, the enemy perceived others besides Hillhouse's party 
had by this time passed the bridge and reached the hill, perhaps to 
the number of 150 men. These kept up a galling fire, especially on 
their outguards or skirmishers, extending perhaps to about forty rods 
each side of the column; and yet the column marched vigorously, but 
in a huddled confusion — about thirty comipanies, in three divisions. 

"On Milford Hill their Adjutant, Colonel Campbell, was slain. 
Sundry more were wounded. Rev. Dr. Napthali Daggett (ex-President 
of Yale College) was captured. Our artillery at the bridge (Ailing- 
town), was well .served by Captain Phineas Bradley, and prevented 
the enemy passing the causeway and so into town that way. vSo the}' 
turned off and continued their route round to Derby Bridge (now 
Westville Bridge). As they came along our people divided: some 
crossed the bridge; others kept to the enemy's left, and under com- 
mand of Col. Aaron Burr (afterwards Vice-President U. S.), harassed 
the enemy's march. When it was seen that they were aiming for 
the bridge (Westville), Captains Hillhouse and Bradley, with the 
artillery, crossed the fields to meet them. The main body crossed the 
bridge, the rest fording the river. Then, on the enemy rising the hill 
on this side and taking the road to town, we gave them a hearty fire 
and took a number of prisoners: also, on the other side we took a 
number. 

• " The northern militia and those from Derby by this time pressed 
in and passed on all sides, and .some behaved with amazing intrepidity. 
One captain drew up and threw his whole company ithe Derby com- 
pany, probably) directly before the enemy's column, and gave and 
received their fire. We fought upon a retreat into the town. Just at 
the northwest Ditch Corner entrance to town the battle became very 
.severe and bloody for a short time, when a number were killed on 
both sides. |This was just beyond Broadway, where the fire alarm 
tower now stands, on Goffe street.] The enemy, however, passed on 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 63 

in force and entered town a little past noon. From that time the 
town was given up to ravage and plunder, from which onlj^ a few 
houses were protected. 

" While these things were transacting on this side of the harbor 
General Tryon was pursuing his desolation on the East Haven side. 
Upon landing he set fire to Mr. Morris's elegant seat. He was 
molested by the fort on Black Rock, three miles from town, under the 
command of Lieut. Bishop, and by a field-piece under the command of 
the gallant Lieut. Pierpont. [This was where Fort Hale was later 
built.] The fort was at length evacuated and the enemy reached 
Beacon Hill in the afternoon. The militia collected from every part, 
and at Ditch Corner there was incessant firing all the afternoon." 

These were of the nature of skirmishes with the outposts. The 
last stand the patriots made was at the corner of Chapel and York 
streets, when, after the British had brought on a cannon and fired 
down the street, the small band of resisting patriots dispersed. 
General Garth now marched his men unmolested to the green where 
"he awaited the appearance of General Tryon. In the meantime the 
advance of the latter up the east side of the harbor had been several 
hours delayed by the small garrison at the earth work at Black Rock 
— where its force of 19 men and three pieces of artillery had success- 
fully held the enemy back "'as long as reason or valor dictated, and 
then the men made good their retreat." About the middle of the 
afternoon General Tryon crossed the river to counsel with General 
Garth in regard to future movements. The latter's men having now 
possession of the town had freely helped themselves to every species 
of property and finding large quantities of liquor in the cellars and 
stores of the traders were becoming very drunk and unmanageable. 
General Garth feared that it would be unsafe to remain, but General 
Tryon ordered that the troops should not embark until the next day. 
The stubborn resistance to the advance of General Garth had almost 
persuaded that general to burn the town, but from that purpose he 
was turned by several circumstances. The means of retreat were too 
uncertain, and the primary intent of the expedition was not rapine 
and pillage. The real purpose appears to have been to overawe the 
inhabitants by the exhibition of superior force and thus command 
allegiance to the King.* This object would have been entirely 
defeated by such extreme measures. There is also a tradition that 
soon after resting on the green General Garth ascended the belfry of 
the state house to take an observation of the place, which impressed 
him so favorably that he exclaimed: " It is too beautiful to burn." 
and that he then resolved to spare it, after having de.stroyed the public 
"Stores. This purpose was carried out in the main, although in the 

♦Address to the Inhabitants of Connecticut, by Commodore Collier and 
General William Tryon. on board of the '• Camilla." on Long Island sound, July 
4th, 1779. 



64 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

retreat some private dwellings were also burned. " In New Haven and 
East Haven together eight dwellings, six stores, five barns and eight 
vessels were burned." " The public buildings, as those of Yale College,, 
the State House, the places of public worship were injured little if at 
all."* 

But owing to the drunken condition of the British soldiery a num- 
ber of houses were plundered and many pathetic incidents of brutality 
are recorded, especially " towards feeble old men and helpless females,"^ 
which were not justifiable acts of war. The revelry of the British 
soldiers continued until next morning and probably hastened their 
departure. About sunrise the march to their vessels in the harbor 
began and some of the soldiers were still so druniien that they had 
to be pushed forward at the point of the bayonet, or be urged on by 
the oiBcer's swords. Not a shot was fired by the patriots to check 
their retreat out of the town, but in East Haven where most of the 
enemy embarked, having crossed on the ferry (at Tomlinson's bridge) 
the militia annoyed them until they had set sail on Tuesday evening, 
July 6th. On the morning of the Sth the fleet anchored off the village 
of Fairfield. 

" At the departure of the British, thousands of the country people 
flocked into New Haven. Some of them, in the confusion, were ba.se 
enough to add to the general loss by robbing the citizens of what was 
left. The soldiers already had taken, with a few exceptions, all the 
money, jewelry, clothing, and provisions which the}' could find, 
besides destroying a great amount of household furniture and other 
things. Many of the families lost everything their houses contained. 
Most of the tories, who were protected by the British, were obliged to 
leave New Haven with them, so even they lost much of their 
property. "f 

Among the Tory families which left with the British was that of 
Joshua Chandler, whose son, William, piloted General Garth's division 
from West Haven. Another son, Thomas, piloted General Tryon to- 
Beacon hill. In all, about fort}' inhabitants were carried away. 

The loss of the British in killed, wounded and missing was 74 
men. Among their killed was Adjutant Campbell, a young man of 
noble qualities, who was greatly beloved by his command. He was 
with General (iarth's division and had breakfasted at the village 
tavern, at West Haven, before beeinningthe advance on New Haven. 
At West JIaven lived, as the pastor of the Congregational church, the 
Reverend Mr. Williston, an outspoken patriot. When the I:!ritish 
appeared some Tory neighbors directed them to the house of the 
minister. While attempting to escape to the woods, near his place, 
be broke his leg jumping over the fence around the lot. Some urged 
that he b;j killed, but when the aft'air came to the ears of Campbell 
he ordered that Mr. Willi.ston be carried into the house and directed 

* Pros. Stiles. fBeckford. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 65 

his own surgeon to set the fractured limb, and set a guard so that no 
one would molest the minister. Campbell was a true soldier, humane 
and just, even in the heat of a conflict. 

When the British began their march up Milford hill, north of 
West Haven village, a sharp skirmish took place, but Campbell, tall 
and erect of person, elegant and conspicuous in appearance, continued 
riding in the advance of the column. A young man named Johnson, 
who was among the .skirmishers, hidden behind a stone wall, singled 
him out for his aim, raised his musket and shot him through the 
breast. He was carried into a house by the roadside, where he soon 
after died, attended by his .servant, who afterward carried his effects 
into the town and sold them. It is said that when the people of the 
neighborhood returned, after the troops had pa.ssed, they found his 
body stripped of his clothing; but they gave him a decent burial near 
the house in which he lay. His grave was unmarked until October, 
1831, when J. W. Barber, with his own hands set up a stone at 
the spot, near the present village of Allington, marked Campbell, 
1779. 

The lapse of years has increased rather than diminished the 
estimate of the fine qualities of Adjutant Campbell, and on the oth of 
July, 1891, a new and more expressive monument was placed over the 
same spot by citizens of New Haven and other points in the Union. 
Although he fell as an enemy, his worth as a man merited this tender 
and grateful recognition, and henceforth we preserve his grave as 
friends. 

Near this same spot, the eccentric Professor Napthali Daggett was 
taken prisoner by the British, who carried him into New Haven, where 
he was released. The part he took in this engagement was thus 
related by Honorable Elizur Goodrich, who was at that time a college 
student and had accompanied Captain James Hillhouse to meet the 
advancing enemy. 

"I well remember the surprise we felt, as we were marching over 
West Bridge, towards the enemy, to see Dr. Daggett riding furiously 
by us on his old black mare, with his fowling piece in his hand ready 
for action. We knew the old gentleman had studied the matter thor- 
oughly, and had settled in his own mind as to the right and propriety 
of fighting it out, but we were not quite prepared to see him come 
forth in so gallant a style to carry his principles into practice. Giving 
him a hearty cheer as we passed, we turned at the foot of Milford Hill 
towards West Haven, while he ascended a little to the west, and took 
his station in a copse of wood, where he appeared to bereconnoitering 
the enemy like one who was determined to bide his time. As we 
passed on toward the south, we met an advance guard of the enemy, 
and from our stand at a line of fence, we fired on them several times, 
and then chased them the length of three or four fields as they 
retreated, until we found ourselves involved with the main body, and 
5 



66 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

in danger of being surrounded. It was now our turn to run, which 
we did for our lives. 

" Passing by Dr. Daggett, in his station on the hill, we retreated 
rapidly across West Bridge, which was instantly taken down by per- 
sons who stood ready for that purpose, to prevent the enemy from 
entering the town from that road. In the meantime, Dr. Daggett, as 
we heard afterwards, stood his ground manfully while the British 
column advanced to the foot of the hill, determined to have the battle 
to himself, as we had left him in the lurch, and using his fowling- 
piece now and then to excellent effect, as occasion offered, under cover 
of the bushes. But this could not last long. A detachment was sent 
up the .hillside to look into the matter, and then the commanding 
officer coming suddenly, to his great surprise, on a single individual 
in a black coat blazing away in this style, cried out : 

"'What are you doing there, you old fool, firing on his Majesty's 
troops 1' 

■' ' E.xercising the rights of war,' reioined the old gentleman. 
" The very audacity of this reply, and the mixture of drollery it 
contained, seemed to amuse the officer, and he said : 

" ' If I let you go this time, will yoti ever fire again on the troops 
of his Majesty?' 

•• 'Nothing more likel}-,' rejoined the old gentleman in his dry way. 
" This was too much for flesh and blood to bear, and it is a wonder 
they did not put a bullet through him on the spot." 

Dr. Daggett was thereupon taken into custody and subjected to 
many indignities by the brutal soldiers, who beat him over the head, 
kicked him in his bowels and insulted him in many ways. After 
stripping him of his shoes he was forcibly marched along and reached 
the green more dead than alive. On the 26th of July, 1779, he wro;e 
an account of his cruel treatment which has been preserved among 
the state papers, and is a very interesting document. He died in 
1780, his death being hastened b}- the injuries he received on this 
occasion. 

The Coiniccticut Journal oi July 7th, 1779, published the following 
as the loss of the Americans at the invasion of New Haven : 

" Killed — John Hotchkiss, Caleb Hotchkiss, Jun., lizekiel Holchkiss, 
Captain John Gilbert, Michael Gilbert, John Kennedy, Joseph Dorman, 
Asa Todd, vSamuel Wooden, Silas Wooden, Benjamin English. Isaac 
Pardis, Jcduthan Thompson, Aaron Russel (a lad), Jacob Thorp, and 
Pomp la negroi. all of New Haven ; Eldad Parker, Wallingford; 

Bradley, Derby: Timothy Ludlenton, Guilford: John Baldwin, 

Gideon Goodrich, Branford: and one person whose name is unknown. 
" ]Voniidcd — Rev. Dr. Daggett, Nathan Beers (since died of his 
wounds), David Austin, Jun., Elizur Goodrich, Jun., Joseph Bassett, 
Captain Caleb ^Nlix, Thomas Mix, and Israel Wooden. Taken — John 
Austin, Abraham Pinto, Jeremiah Austin, Nathan Drummer, Edmund 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 67 

Smith, and Elisha Tuttle (since dead of his wounds, whose tongue 

was cut out by the enemy), all of New Haven: Atwater and a 

negro, of Wallingford; and Benjamin Howd, of Branford. The total 
number of the 'martyrs' was twenty-four killed, fifteen wounded, 
and nine captured." 

Many of the above were in Captain John Gilbert's company and 
lost their lives at " Ditch Corner," as is related elsewhere.* The 
Hotchkisses were among the first killed. They lived at Westville 
(then called Hotchkisstownt, and early hastened to check the advance 
of the Briti.sh. Benjamin English, an aged and infirm man, was killed 
in his own house, in the town. Nathan Beers was also shot without 
provocation, in his own dwelling, and was too feeble to offer resist- 
ance. Elisha Tuttle was a "distracted" man and was probably mal- 
treated in so base a manner by the English when they were crazed 
with drink. 

Among those carried away as prisoners were John Whiting, judge 
of the probate court and county clerk. Captain John Mix, Captain 
Elijah Foster, Hezekiah Sabin, Sr., Thomas Barrett, Jerre Townsend 
and Adonijah Sherman. 

The British destroyed the defenses at Black Rock Fort, which 
Colonel Thompson had built in 1775-6, and carried with them as 
public propert}' six field pieces and an armed privateer. It was esti- 
mated that the total value of the property destroyed in the raid was 
^24,893, 7s., 6d. The largest individual loss was sustained by Amos 
Morris, of Morris Cove, whose farm buildings were destroyed. 

Early in September. 1781, three of the enemy's vessels again 
appeared off the coast at West Haven and landed loO men, who cap- 
tured the sentinels maintained at that point, and made a short raid in 
so quiet a manner that but a few people were aware of their presence. 
" They took off four of the inhabitants and about thirty head of cattle 
and horses." 

The remaining events of the war were so far removed that they 
but little affected the county. Some of her citizens, however, .served 
in the southern campaigns and Colonel David Humphreys, of Derby, 
had the honor of receiving the colors of the British, at the surrender 
at Yorktown. At this time he was an aid-de-camp, on the staff of 
General Washington. Other citizens of Derby, the Hulls, Thompsons, 
Tomlinsons, etc.. rendered fitting service in the revolution, as did also 
the citizens of other towns in the county. Besides at the points indi- 
cated in the foregoing pages, there were no maneuvers of the enemy 
on the soil of the county, but in the progress of the early campaigns, 
the troops of the continental army moved east or west through New 
Haven. La Fayette, while thus marching, encamped in Southbury and 
Middlebury, and it is claimed that General Washington also visited 
the former town during the war. 

* See History of Hamden. 



68 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The declaration of peace, with the acknowledgment of the inde 
pendence of the colonies, was everywhere hailed with delight and 
appropriately celebrated. An account of the affair at New Haven has 
been taken from the Connecticut Journal of May 1st, 1783, as follows: 

" Thursday last was observed as a day of festivity and rejoicing in 
this town, on receipt of indubitable testimony of the most important, 
grand, .and ever memorable event — the total cessation of hostilities 
between Great Britain and these United States, and thp full acknowl- 
edginent of their sovereignty and independence. Accordingly, the 
day, with the rising sun, was ushered in by the discharge of thirteen 
cannon, paraded on the 'green' for that purpose, under elegant silk 
colors, with the Coat-of-Arms of the United States most ingeniously 
represented thereon, which was generously contributed upon the occa- 
sion by the ladies of the town. At nine o'clock in the forenoon, the 
inhabitants met in the brick Meeting-House for divine service, where 
was convened a very crowded assembly. The service was opened 
with an anthem; then a very pertinent prayer, together with thanks- 
giving, was made by the Rev. Dr. Stiles, President of Yale College; 
after was sung some lines, purposely composed for the occasion, by 
the singers of all the congregations in concert. Then followed a very 
ingenious oration, spoken by Mr. Elizur Goodrich, one of the Tutors 
of the College; after which a very liberal collection was made for the 
poor of the town, to elevate their hearts for rejoicing. The service 
was concluded with an anthem. 

" A number of respectable gentlemen of the town dmed together 
at the Coffee-Hou,se. After dinner several patriotic toasts were drank. 

" At three o'clock were discharged thirteen cannon — at four, 
twenty-one ditto — at five, seven ditto — at six, thirteen ditto — at seven 
were displayed the fire-works, with rockets, serpents, &c. — at nine 
o'clock, a bonfire on the Green concluded the diversions of the day. 
The whole affair was conducted with a decorum and decency uncom- 
mon for such occasions, without any unfortunate accident; a most 
pacific disposition and heartfelt joy was universally conspicuous, and 
most emphatically expressed by the features of every countenance." 

Soon after the war the city of New Haven became noted for her 
commercial enterprise and her trade at the beginning of the present 
century was very considerable. The embargo act, of December 22d, 
1807. greatly affected this commerce and the occupation of hundreds 
of men in all parts of the county, and especially along the coast, so 
that the measures wliich brought on the war of 181 2 were unpopular and 
poorly supported. Soon after the war was declared Colonel David 
Humphreys rai.sed a company of cavalry and offered its service to the 
governor. The company was accepted and Colonel Humphreys was 
not long after appointed major general of the state militia, which he 
commanded during the war. He took measures for the defense of 
the coast of the -State and various points were fortified. In 1814 the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 69 

defenses at New Haven harbor were strengthened and in addition to 
Fort Hale" new earthworks were built on Beacon hill, which received 
the name of Fort Wooster. Concerning this fortification the Connec- 
ticut Journal oi October 4th, 1814, said : 

" This work has progressed with great rapidity and is now nearly- 
completed. The inhabitants of the neighboring towns deserve and 
receive the thanks of the public, for volunteering their aid in this 
patriotic labor. On Wednesday and Thursday last, one hundred men 
from Cheshire, under the direction of Andrew Hull, Esq., labored 
with great industry and effect at the fortifications for two days. On 
their return through the city, in wagons, with music playing, they 
were saluted with a discharge of artillery and cheered by the citizens, 
who had collected in great numbers on the public square. On Thurs- 
day one hundred men from the town of North Haven, under the 
direction of their reverend pastor, Dr. Trumbull, the venerable 
historian of Connecticut, eight)' j'ears of age, volunteered their ser- 
vices and spent the da}' in the same patriotic work. This aged minister 
addressed the throne of grace and implored the Divine blessing on 
their undertaking. On Friday the same number from Hamden, irnder 
the command of Captain Jacob Whiting, with great industry labored 
at the same work, and were saluted and cheered on their return. The 
inhabitants of the town of Meriden, with a patriotism not exceeded 
by their neighbors, have volunteered their aid for Wednesday next. 
It is confidently hoped that our fellow citizens of other towns in this 
vicinity will, in the course of the present week, complete the works 
which are now nearly finished. Parties who are willmg to give their 
assistance in this preparation for the common defense are desired to 
give notice to the committee of the time when it will be agreeable to 
them tagive their attendance. The enemy is hovering on the coast. 
Where the next blow will be attempted no one can tell. Preparation 
to repel invasion cannot too speedily be made." 

The second war with Great Britain, so far as it affected New Haven, 
was almost wholly maritime. The commerce of the city, already 
greatly impaired by the embargo act, was now almost wholly .sus- 
pended, leaving, as a natural result, many seamen unemployed. Some 
of thesfe were adventurous and freely engaged in privateering, little 

* After the revolution Black Rock Fort received this name in honor of Cap- 
tain Nathan Hale, the "Martyr Spy" of the revolution. He graduated from 
Yale in 1773. Joining the patriots early in the struggle, he commanded a com- 
pany in Colonel Knowlton's regiment, of Ashford. After the retreat of the 
Americans from Long Island, in August, 1776, he was sent by General Washing- 
ton to ascertain the enemy's future plans. Having obtained this information, 
and just as he was leaving the Island he was recognized by a Tory relative, and 
betrayed. He was taken before Sir William Howe, who, without a trial ordered 
him to be hanged the next morning, September 23d, 1776. He met his fate 
calmly, saying : " I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." 
His statue has been placed on the capitol grounds at Hartford. 



70 HISTORY (IF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

reckoning about the perils of such an undertaking. Their adventures, 
in some instances, read like a romance. Air. T. R. Trowbridge, of 
New Haven, has given the following interesting account of one of 
them : 

" The ' Actress ' was a fine, fast-sailing sloop of sixty tons, and had 
for a crew forty-two young, able-bodied. New Haven county men, 
every one of whom was anxious to make his fortune by privateering. 
For an armament, the sloop carried eight small guns, with the usual 
assortment of small arms, cutlasses, boarding-pikes, etc. 

" The commander of the ' Actress ' was John Lumsden.an English- 
man by birth, but a naturalized American. He was an able seaman, 
and had commanded several of the best New Haven ships; his officers 
were experienced sailors. Thus appointed, she sailed from Long 
Wharf on the evening of the llth of July. 1812, 'on a cruise.' Reach- 
ing the open sea. early next morning, everything" on board the 
privateer was put in ship-shape order, and a six weeks' cruise agreed 
upon. Sharp and anxious eyes scanned the horizon ; for a reward of 
fifty dollars was promised to the man who should first descry a vessel 
that should prove to be a ' Britisher.' 

•■ Nothing, however, was seen for several days, and the ship's com- 
pany began to think privateering slow work, and to long for their 
farms; when, to the joy of all, at daybreak, July 19th, on the northern 
edge of the Gulf Stream, a man on the foretopmast rigging cried out, 
' Sail, ho?' with the singular prolongation of sound that no landsman 
can imitate. 

" • Where away ?' bawled the officer in charge of the deck. 

" ' A mile to the lu'ard,' was the reply, and then came the welcome 
words, 'and a Britisher, too.' 

" True it was. In a few moments the mist lifted, and less than a 
mile to the leeward of the privateer lay a huge British ship, to all 
appearances a merchantman. There she lay with all the three top- 
sails mast-headed, waiting for the morning breeze to spring up. 
From the fact that the topsails were ' mast-headed ' (hauled up to the 
head of the topmast), the privateersman accepted it as a sure sign that 
the stranger was a merchant-vessel, and her capture was certain. 
There was on board the sloop a great contrast to the dullness of the 
previous days. Muskets, cutlasses, and boarding-pikes were brought 
on deck, and put in order; the little eight pounders were swabbed 
out, loaded, and a .supply of powder and shot placed near them. 
Aboard the ' Actress,' excitement and bustle were everywhere from 
stem to stern. 

" I am told when the commander first saw the ship, he was m the 
ordinary costume of a New Haven privateersman, namely, a tarpaulin 
hat, red shirt, and a pair of blue trousers ' cat-harpinned at the knee.' 
When he was satisfied that a prize was soon to fall into his hands, he 
retired to the cabin to array himself in a becoming manner, and shortly 



HISTORY OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 71 

afterwards appeared on his quarter-deck, clad in a blue suit with red 
facings, and a cocked hat, all of which were loaned him bv a Foxon 
militia captain, Jeduthan Bradley by name. 

"Sword by his side and speaking trumpet under his arm, the 
doughty sailor trod his weather deck, and after feasting his ej-es for 
several minutes upon the Britisher, he gave his helmsman orders to 
put up the wheel. Forthwith the ' Actre.ss,' with her two .score 
valiant New Haveners, bore down upon the stranger; and so certain 
was commander Lum.sden and his crew of securing the prize, that a 
crew of eighteen men were immediately told off to carry the ship 
into New London, if possible, — but into Boston, at all hazards. 

" All hands judged the helpless Englishman to be a London tea- 
ship from Canton, bound for Boston, and, of course, ignorant that 
war had been declared. They considered, therefore, that their for- 
tirnes were made, and that lives of ease and luxury awaited them at 
home. 

"Just before the ' Actress' left Long Wharf, a friend of the com- 
mander, and a part owner of the vessel, had put on board a quarter 
cusk of Jamaica rum, requesting that it should be drunk when the first 
prize should be captured. The captain and crew reckoning to a cer- 
tainty that the Englishman was as good as captured, it was now pro- 
posed to drink the rum without further delay. The captain was at 
first opposed to it; but after the prize crew had explained to him, that 
if f/icf were sent aboard the ship //uy would lose t//ci>- share, he gave 
his consent. The cask was accordingly hoisted on deck and broached. 
The libations were heavy and frequent. 

" L: the meantime, the privateer had been gradually nearing the 
ship, apparently unnoticed by the leviathan; and when within speak- 
ing distance. Captain Lumsden, in a voice tremulous with patriotic 
pride, hailed the ship. 

" In a moment the answer came back: ' The Spartan, of London.' 

" At the mention of this name, a peculiar expression, we are told, 
was visible in the faces of many of the privateersmen; several pairs of 
jaws chattered, many knees knocked feelingly one again.st another, 
and cans half emptied were laid upon the deck (a rare proceeding in 
those days), because the ' Spartan ' was the well-known name of one 
of the fleet blockading New London. It was the name of one that 
had caused a wholesome dread to be entertained all along our shores, 
from the Vineyard to Sandy Hook. She had for .several months 
harried our coast, her vigilant commander boa.sting that nothing had 
escaped him. Only two weeks previous to Captain Lumsden's experi- 
ence with her, she had chased, captured, and sent in to Halifax, the 
splended American ship ' Melancthon,' bound from "Valparai.so to 
Boston, with a cargo of copper ore valued at $350,000. 

"Our privateersmen, however, soon recovered their courage and 
coolness, and reasoned:— The ' Spartan ' is a frigate; this is a helpless 



72 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Indiaman hailing from London. Captain Lumsden now drew him- 
self to his full height, [n a manner as im;iosing as he could assume, 
he roared out; — 

" ' Consider your ship a prize to the United States privateer 
" Actress." Send your papers aboard.' 

" The commander of the ' Spartan,' who afterwards attained the 
highest jDost in the British navy, was in his way a wag, and he made 
answer: — 

" ' Really now, captain, would you ask that I, the commander of 
such a great ship as this, should strike my flag to such a little fellow 
as you ?' 

"The reply from the New Haven Nelson, liberally garnished with 
his country's oath, was: — 

" ' vStrike ! or I'll fire into you.' 

"A moment thereafter, the shrill .sound of the boatswain's whistle 
was heard, and suddenl}-, as if by magic, the ports on each side of the 
ship were triced up, exposing to view about sixt}^ heavy guns. At 
the same time, a cheery, wholesome "voice said: — 

" ' Come to our gangway, and we'll hoist you in.' 

" Never was an order obeyed with more alacrity; and amid the 
laughter of derision and scorn, the ' Actress ' was swept alongside. 
At eight, A. M., with a prize crew of ten men, she was on her course 
to Halifax. Her valiant crew were divided. Half were transferred 
to the frigate, and half left on board of the privateer. They all 
returned to New Haven some weeks afterward, but without their 
cruiser." 

Not long after this the packet "Susan," Captain John Miles, 
master, laden with a cargo valued at $1.'5,UOO, attempted to run the 
blockade from New York to New Haven. vShe had great hopes of 
succeeding, when, near Stratford point, she was pursued b}^ a British 
cruiser, captured and taken to New London. This news greatly 
excited some of the warlike citizens of New Haven and it was deter- 
mined to have revenge. A vessel was immediately manned by about 
fifty persons who hastily started in pursuit of the bold cruiser. After 
a short sail, they, too, ran into the " Lion's" mouth, being taken in 
by the vessel they sought to capture. Their release was secured by 
ransom and in the course of a few days they returned to their families 
with greatly enlarged ideas of naval warfare. 

In pleasing contrast with these reverses, is the .story of the bril- 
liant success of another New Haven county man. Commodore Isaac 
Hull, who by his heroic deeds on the frigate "Constitution," became 
the naval hero of the war. His celebrated sea fight took place 
Aug-ust I'Jih, 1812, when the "Constitution," carrying 44 guns, fell in 
with his majesty's ship, the " Gueniere," Captain J. R. Dacres, com- 
mander, and carrying OO gims. As the vessels ncared each other 
Dacres began to fire at long range. Hull calmly stood on the quarter 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 73 

deck determined that no shot should be fired until the enemy was 
close at hand. Every man on the " Constitution " stood at his post 
calmly waiting for the momentous word of command, or as Captain 
Hull himself reported: " From the smallest boy in the ship to the 
oldest seaman not a look of fear was .seen. They all went into action 
giving three cheers and requesting to be laid alongside of the enemy." 
At the auspicious moment when the " Constitution " was alongside 
and within pistol shot of the " Guerriere," Hull shouted the command, 
■"Fire !" and with guns double shotted soon silenced the foe. In the 
words of a song of that period: 

" Isaac did so maul and rake her 
That the decks of Captain Dacres 
Were in such a woeful pickle 
As if death with scythe and sickle 
With his shng and with his shaft 
Had cut his harvest fore and aft. 

" Thus in thirt)- minutes ended 
Mischief that could never be mended. 
Masts and \-ards and ship descended 
All to David Jones' locker, 
Such a ship in such a pucker." 

Although the British several times threatened to invade the county 
no serious attempt was made. A few soldiers were landed at Stony 
Creek in Branford, in September, 1814, but beyond carrying off some 
property, no damage was done. The shore towns, however, were 
thoroughly alarmed, and that event very materially hastened the 
building of Fort Woo.ster, on Beacon hill, which, fortunately was never 
called on to defend the harbor of New Haven against the entrance of 
an enemy. 

One of the incidents connected with the blockade of the sound 
ports by the British fleet was the following: During the war the three 
houses of worship on New Haven green were built. The lumber 
used was brought down the Connecticut river in boats, whose passage 
into New Haven harbor was obstructed until the British Commodore 
Hardy learned for what purpose the lumber was wanted, when he 
§aid that he was "not making war on religion," and authorized the 
vessels to be passed. After this vessels after vessels, laden with lumber 
were entered, as bringing material for the meeting houses, until 
the buildings were completed and the lumber yards stocked as they 
never were before. 

The news of peace was received about the middle of February, 
1S15, and caused much rejoicing in the county, especially in New 
Haven, where commerce had so long .suffered. One hundred vessels 
owned here, manned by more than six hundred American .seamen, 
and scores of vessels in Derby, Milford, Branford and Guilford were 
soon basking in tropical sunshine, and the unplea.sant feelings occa- 



74 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

sioned by the war were soon foro^otten in the enjoyment of the pros- 
perity now visible on every hand. 

When the war of the rebellion broke out in 1861, William A. Buck- 
ingham, of Norwich, was in the gubernatorial office. He was a zealous, 
energetic unionist, a man of large wealth and had extensive business 
relations. This well fitted him to direct affairs in such perilous times, 
and it was largely owing to his influence and action, that Connecticut 
gave the general government .such a strong and active support, so 
early in the struggle. The zeal manifested at the beginning was con- 
tinued unabated, during the war. and as a consequence the state had 
an excess of more than 7,(100 men over its quota. The entire number 
of men enlLsted in the .state (the terms being reduced to a basis of 
three years) was 48,181, of whom only 263 were drafted. It is said of 
Governor Buckingham that he stood in the same relation to the Union, 
in the rebellion, that Governor Trumbull (the famous Brother Jona- 
than) did toward the colonies in the revolution. The latter was the 
friend and adviser of General Washington; the former was one of 
President Lincoln's mo.st tried and trusted friends. 

" The Connecticut troops raised during the war of the rebellion 
consisted of twenty-eight regiments of infantry (two colored^), two of 
heavy artillery, a regiment and squadron of cavalry, and three light 
batteries. These were so distributed among the different Union 
armies, that there was hardly a battle of moment during the war in 
which Connecticut troops were not engaged, and some of the infantry 
regiments, notably the 7th, 8th, 10th, 11th, 14th, 16th and 21st, had a 
list of battles to show at its close rarely ever equaled in the same space 
of time. To enumerate these battles, or to specify instances where 
Connecticut men distinguished themselves therein, would be to write 
a history of the war. In the navy, too, which was presided over during 
the whole contest by a Connecticut man, Gideon Welles, who was 
throughout Mr. Lincoln's administration secretary of the navy. Con- 
necticut won new glory and renown." * 

One of the naval heroes of this war was, also, a New Haven county 
man. Rear Admiral Andrew Hull Foote was born in New Haven 
in 1806, and was a son of Hon. Samuel Foote. In 1822 he entered the 
navy and served under Commodore Hull, the hero of 1812. In the 
rebellion his achievements at Forts Henry and Donnelson, won for 
him grateful admiration ; and his brilliant movements at Island 
Number Ten opened the upper gateway of the Mississippi to the 
LTnion forces and .secured for him the honorable title he bore at the 
time of his death, at New York, June 26th, 1863. He had received a 
dangerous wound, while operating on the Missi.ssippi, to which he 
succumbed while yet near the prime of life. He was a man of many 
noble qualities, sincere and honorable at all times, his life being one 
of the best types of the Christian soldier and .sailor this country has 

* W. S. Webb. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 75 

ever afforded. Hi.s mortal remains rest at Grove Street Cemetery, in 
New Haven city. 

New Haven county, also, was the means of giving to the govern- 
ment an instrument of naval warfare which entirely revolutionized 
the methods before employed. In the early part of 1862, Cornelius 
Scranton Bushnell, a native of Madison, but at that time living in 
New Haven city as an active business man and ship builder, entered 
into a contract with Captain John Ericsson for the construction of the 
famous " Monitor." 

" Owing to lack of funds, Ericsson had not and would not have 
been able to construct this wonderful craft. Mr. Bushnell told Erics- 
son that he was willing to risk his entire fortune in the undertaking, 
and proved it by making a contract with the inventor, by means of 
which the ' ^Monitor ' was constructed. The story of the amazement 
its appearance created, of the reluctance of the Naval Board to accept 
it — doubting if it would succeed, — of its grand victory over the 
' Merrimack,' and of the revolution in the mode of naval warfare it 
produced the world over, has become one of the great facts of history, 
too well known to be repeated. But the essential part taken by a 
citizen of New Haven in this event of world-wide importance, not 
only for the immediate time but for many future ages, is not so 
generally known or appreciated." * 

It is doubtful whether any other agency disheartened the con- 
federates to a greater extent than their inability to cope with the 
"Monitors," which practically destroyed their navy, and cut off the 
hope which had sustained the Confederacy at this period of the war. 

After two days bombardment Fort Sumter surrendered April 14th, 
1861. Five days later the First Connecticut regiment rendezvoused 
at New Haven. On the 6th of May, it was joined in camp by the 
Second regiment, a part of which was also made up of men from this 
county. It was commanded by Colonel Alfred Howe Terry, who later 
attained great eminence of position as a soldier. In many engage- 
ments he distinguished himself, but his bravery and skill were pre- 
eminent at the capture of Fort Fisher. In that terrible onslaught he 
was in the front of the advance, directing and leading his men, among 
which were the Sixth and Seventh Connecticut regiments, to a victory 
which resulted in the unconditional surrender of the fort, which had 
been declared impregnable by General Butler, after he and Admiral 
Porter had failed to capture it. For this service General Terry and 
his men received the thanks of congress, in a special resolution to 
that effect. At this time Terry was a major general of volunteers, 
but at tlje close of the war, in consideration of his skill and valuable- 
service, he was brevetted a major general in the regular army. This 
was an unprecedented honor and the only one .so bestowed upon a 
civilian officer in the war. In 1888 General Terry retired from the 

* '■ New Haven, Past and Present." 



76 HISTORY OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

army and lived quietly at New Haven until his death, in that city, 
December 16th, 1890. 

On the 17th of :SIay, 1801, the First regiment. Colonel Chatfield 
commander, left New Haven for the war and was followed by the 
Second regiment on the IDth. It broke camp at Hamilton Fork, at 
6 p. M. and marched to the green, where it received the benediction of 
a large crowd of people. On the 20th of May, the Third regiment, 
Colonel Arnold commanding, left Hailford, and it is said that these 
three regiments were the first thoroughly equipped and disciplined 
volunteer troops to arrive at Washington. They were soon in active 
service and participated in all the early engagements of the war. At 
the end of their enlistment the First and Second regiments were 
mustered out at New Haven, in July and August, 1861. The three 
regiments had suffered a loss of 68 men. Most of the men in the dis- 
banded regiments reenlisted for three years, and it is said that so 
closely did they apply themselves to the duties of the soldier that, 
before " the end of the war, five hundred of their number were holding 
commissions in the army." 

The first martyr of New Haven in the war of the rebellion was 
Major Theodore Winthrop, the military secretary of General Butler, 
who fell in a charge on the enemy's line at Big Bethel, June 10th, 
1801. He had enlisted in New York as a member of the Seventh 
regiment, but was soon after assigned to the position he held at the 
time of his death. Major Theodore Winthrop " was the direct 
descendant of John Winthrop, the first governor of Connecticut, and 
was born at New Haven in 1828. Graduating from Yale at the age of 
twenty, he spent several years in visiting all parts of the world. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1855, but devoted most of his time during 
the next five years to Uterary pursuits. Many brilliant magazine 
articles, and several volumes, published posthumously, remain as the 
result of this period of work, to bear witness of his genius. He was 
one of the first to enlist, being very active and influential during the 
early days of the war. His funeral at New Haven, June 21st, 1861, 
was attended by many celebrated men from different sections of the 
country, .Sacrificing his life in a gallant attempt to redeem a reverse 
of the Union troops, and falling among the earliest mart3-rs to the 
cause, the name of Winthrop was .soon joined with that of Ellsworth, 
and cherished throughout the country as an emblem of heroism and 
patriotic devotion." •■ 

Later in the war. many noble sons of the county were called upon 
to offer up the sacrifice of their lives for the cause of the Union. 
Among the.se were Lieutenant Henry M. Dutton, Colonel .Arthur 
Dutton of the Twenty-first Conn. Vols.. iSIajor Edward F. Blake, Cap- 
tain Bernard E.,Schweizer, Captain Addison L. Taylor, Captain Julius 
Hassett, Chaplain Jacob Eaton and many others elsewhere named. 

* "New Haven, Past and Present," 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 77 

In the long-term service many of the First regiment enlisted under 
Colonel Chatfield as the Sixth regiment which was recruited at Oyster 
Point and left for service at Washington September 17th, 1861. The 
Seventh regiment of three years men, was organized at the same place^ 
under Colonel Terry. It broke camp September ISth, ISOl, and after 
being at Washington some time, was sent to South Carolina. About 
the same time the Ninth regiment was being formed at Camp English, 
at New Haven. It was composed almost wholly of men of Irish birth, 
most of them being from New Haven county. Its colonel was Thomas 
W. Cahill, of New Haven, and the organization achieved a fine reputa- 
tion. Later in the fall of 1861, the Thirteenth regiment redezvoused. 
at New Haven and prepared for active service under Colonel Birge, 
who was a very strict disciplinarian. When this organization left for 
the field, in March, 1862, its fine appearance, in every particular, won 
for it the appellation of the " Dandy regiment." Although so cleanly 
and orderly, it was very valiant in battle, rendering distinguished 
service. 

Under the call of President Lincoln for 300,000 men, July l.st, 1862, 
the Fifteenth regiment was organized at its camp, on Oyster Point. 
Dexter R. Wright was appointed colonel, and Samuel ToUes, lieuten- 
ant colonel. It mioved to the seat of war August 2Sth, 1862. In the 
meantime, Colonel Ro.ss' Twentieth regiment was forming in the same 
camp. William B.Wooster, of Derby, was appointed lieutenant colonel. 
The regiment moved to the front in the South, September 11th. 1862. 

In October, 1862, Colonel C. E. L. Holmes, of Waterbury, formed 
the Twenty-third regiment at Grape Vine Point, at New Haven, at 
which place were soon after organized the Twenty-seventh and the 
Twenty-eighth regiments. The first and the last named moved to the 
scenes of battle November 17th, 1862. The Twenty-seventh departed 
earlier, leaving October 22d, 1862. This body and the Twentieth suf- 
fered very much in the campaigns of the army of the Potomac. At 
Chancellorsville, May 2d and 3d, the latter regiment lost 27 officers and 
170 men, about one-third the number they had in service. All of the 
Twenty-seventh, except 160 men, were captured and sent to Libby 
Prison. The same bodies were at the terrible battles at Gettysburg, 
being engaged in the thickest of the fights. On the .second of July, 
Lieutenant Colonel Henry C. Merwin of the Twenty-.seventh was killed 
while his command was charging upon the enemy. The regiment 
went into the engagements with 74 men, of whom 39 were lo.st, among 
whom was, also. Captain Jedediah Chapman. 

In the latter part of the war the Fifteenth regiment, serving along 
the coast of North Carolina suffered from yellow fever. The Ninth 
and the Thirteenth were in the battles of Cedar Creek and Winchester, 
where Colonel Frank Peck lost his life. At Cedar Creek Captain John 
P. Lowell, of New Haven, was killed. The loss of officers, especially, 
was very heavy in the engagements of 1863-4, embracing besides the 



78 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



foregoing, Captain George S. Benton, Isaac A. Bronson, E. vS. Hitch- 
cock, Charles Smith, Edward Lines, Major E. Walton Osborn and 
many other commissioned officers. Of the dead in the rank and file 
an approximately correct list has been given in the exhaustive 
volumes prepared under state direction, to which the reader is referred 
for many facts concerning all the wars and those who participated in 
them. It would be a rare pleasure to here record the names of all the 
patriotic citizens of the county who aided in saving the Union of 
states, or at least to give the roll of honor, of the brave, fallen and 
departed heroes, but the limits of .space will not permit. In most of 
the towns fine monuments have been erected to the memory of these 
brave men. 

Many of the officers of the regiments which went out from New 
Haven county were promoted to higher ranks. The county had as 
major generals, Alfred H. Terry and Henry W. Benham; as brigadier 
generals, Luther P. Bradley, Benjamin S. Roberts and A. Van Stein- 
wehr; as brevet brigadier generals, Henrv B. Carrington, E. D. S. 
Goodyear, Edwin S. Greeley, Brayton Ives, Edward M. Lee and Erastus 
Blakesley. 

The following statistical table shows the aggregate amounts of 
means raised by the several towns for the preservation of the L'nion. 
A comparison with the Grand List shows the proportion to the means 
of the town. Fractional parts of a dollar are omitted : •■ 



Name of Towns. 



New Haven - 
Bethany 
Bran ford 
Cheshire 
Derby - 
East Haven - 
Guilford 
Hamden 
Madison 
Meriden 
Middlebury - 
Milford 
Naugatuck 
North Branford 
North Haven 
Orange 
O.xford - 
Prospect 
Seymour 
South bury 
Wallingford - 
AVaterbury 
Woodliridge - 
Wolcott ' - 



Grand List of 1804. 



S2<J, 081,401) 

020,252 

1,075.441 

l,22.S,4:i9 

;i, 027. 055 

1,514,488 

1,511,199 

1,409,091 

880.496 

4,800,981 

305.128 

1,001.448 

1,180,904 

588,807 

095,477 

994,122 

(;20,ni7 

210,100 

.S20,74s 

.S00,709 

1,700,410 

0.257.000 

002.808 

290,091 

801,409,260 



Expended bv Towns 
for Premium's, Boun- 
ties snd Support of 
Families. 


Individual means 
raised in each town 
for the same objects 


$808,027 


820,000 


5,000 


1,800 


27,180 


14,300 


8,275 


5,000 


87,955 


27,310 


24,819 


4,500 


12,591 


8.250 


29,098 


9,543 


10,800 


11,200 


91,871 


10,715 


5.020 


1.975 


40,699 


5.028 


42,882 


1.100 


15,402 


4,800 


10,404 


3,956 


12,580 


15,003 


15,250 


2,975 


8,783 


1,450 


17,800 


8,150 


20,050 




40,752 


6,200 


183,525 


17,500 


8.700 


8.545 




2,175 


S982.919 


8181,475 



* From " Connecticut in the Present War," 1869. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 79 

In addition to the foregoing about $3o.000 was paid for commuta- 
tions by individuals. It will be seen that about one-sixtieth part of the 
assessed value of the county was applied for the prosecution of the war. 

In the early part of the war some "Home Guards" were organized at 
New Haven, but local protection again.st the enemy was never needed. 

In June. 1802. the care of the sick and wounded Union soldiers was 
"begun at the Connecticut Hospital at New Haven, the first ministra- 
tions being by the general society. In April. 1863, the war depart- 
ment took charge of the work, naming the hospital the Knight 
Hospital (after the venerable Doctor Knight) and supplied 1.500 beds. 
The government treated 25,340 cases But 185 men died from the 
time of its occupancy in 1862 until the government vacated it in 
November. 1865. 

No reliable data has thus far been prepared to show the number of 
men furnished by the county, or the number which should properly 
be credited to it. In many cases enlistments were made to the credit 
of other towns or states, and some men from other states were also 
secured on account of towns of this county. 

The following lists of general state officers will be valuable for 
reference in connection with the events elsewhere noted. They have 
been taken from the vState Manual. 

Governors of Connecticut: John Haynes, 1639. 41, 43,45,47.49, 
51, 53: Edward Hopkins, 1640, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54; George Wyllys, 
1642-3; Thomas Welles, 1655, 58: John Webster, 1656-7; John Win- 
throp, 1657, 59-76; William Leete, 1676-83: Robert Treat, 1683-98; 
Fitz John Winthrop, 1698-1708; Gurdon Saltonstall, 1708-25; Joseph 
Talcott, 1725-42: Jonathan Law, 1742-51; Roger Wolcott, 1751-4; 
Thomas Fitch, 1754-66: William Pitkin, 1766-9; Jonathan Trumbull, 
1769-84; Matthew Griswold, 1784-6; Samuel Huntington, 1786-96; 
Oliver Wolcott, 1796-7; Jonathan Trumbull, 1797-18i)9; John Tread- 
well, 1809-11; Roger Griswold, 1811-12; John Cotton Smith, 1812-17; 
Oliver Wolcott, 1817-27; Gideon Tomlinson, 1827-31; John S. Peters, 
1831-3; Henry W. Edwards, 1833-4; Samuel A. Foot, 1834-5; Henry 
W. Edwards, 1835-8; William W, Ellsworth, 1838-42; Chauncey F. 
Cleveland, 1842-4: Roger S, Baldwin, 1844-6; Isaac Toucey, 1846-7; 
Clark Bissell, 1847-9; Joseph Trumbull, 1849-50; Thomas H. Seymour, 
1850-3; Charles H. Pond, 1853-4; Henry Button, 1854-5; William T. 
Minor, 1855-7; Alexander H. Holley, 1857-8; William A. Buckingham, 
1858-66; Joseph R. Hawley, 1866-7; James E. English, 1867-9, 1870-1; 
Mar.-,hall Jewell, 1869-70, 1871-3: Charles R. Ingersoll, 1873-7; Richard 
D. Hubbard, 1877-9; Charles B. Andrews, 1879-81; Hobart B, Bigelow, 
1881-3; Thom.as M. Waller, 1883-5; Henry B. Harrison, 1885-7; 
Phineas C. Lounsbury, 1887-9; .Morgan G. Bulkeley, 1889.* 

* The election of November 4th, 1890, for governor, lieutenant governor and 
secretary of state being in dispute, those officers, elected in 1889. hold over. The 
contestants are the following: For Governor: Samuel E. Mervvin, Repttblican, 



80 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Deputy, or lieutenant governors: Roger Ludlow, 1QH9, 42, 48; John 
Haynes, 1640, 44, 46, 50, 52; George Wyllys, 1641-2; Edward Hopkins, 
164:-3, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53; Thomas Welles, 1654, 56-8, 59; John Webster, 
1655-6; John Winthrop, 1658-9; John Mason, 1660-9; William Leete, 
1669-76; Robert Treat, 1676-83; James Bishop, 1683-92; William Jones, 
1692-8; Robert Treat. 1698-1708; Nathan Gold, 1708-24; Jo.seph 
Talcott, 1724-5; Jonathan Law, 1725-42; Roger Wolcott, 1742-51; 
Thomas Fitch, 1751-4; M^lliam Pitkin, 1754-66; Jonathan Trumbull, 
1766-9; Matthew Griswold, 1769-84; Samuel Huntington, 1784-6;. 
Oliver Wolcott. 1786-96; Jonathan Trumbull, 1796-8; John Treadwell, 
1798-1809; Roger Griswold, 1809-11; John Cotton Smith, 1811-13; 
Chauncey Goodrich, 1813-15; Jonathan Tngersoll, 1816-23; David Plant, 
1823-7; John S. Peters, 1827-31; no election, 1831-2; Thaddeus Betts, 
1832-3! Ebenezer Stoddard, 1833-4; Thaddeus Betts, 1834-5; Ebenezer 
Stoddard, 1835-8; Charles Hawley, 1838-42; William S. Holabird, 
1842-4; .Reuben Booth, 1844-6; Noyes Billings, 1846-7; Charles J. 
]McCurdy, 1847-9; Thomas Backus, 1849-50; Charles H. Pond, 1850-1 
Green Kendrick, 1851-2; Charles H. Pond, 1852-4; Alexander H 
Holley, 1854-5; William Field, 1855-6; Albert Day, 1856-7; Alfred A 
Burnham, 1857-8; Julius Catlin. 1858-61; Benjamin Douglas, 1861-2 
Roger Averill, 1862-6; Oliver F. Winchester, 1866-7; Ephraim H 
Hyde, 1867-9; Francis Wayland, 1869-70; Julius Hotchkiss, 1870-1 
Morris Tyler, 1871-3; George G. Sill, 1873-7; Francis B. Loomis, 1877- 
9; David Gallup, 1879-81; William H. Bulkeley, 1881-3; George G. 
Sumner, 1883-5; Lorrin A. Cooke, 1885-7; James L. Howard, 1887-9; 
Samuel E. Merwin, 1889. 

Secretaries: Edward Hopkins, 1639-41; Thomas Welles, 1641-S; 
John Cullick. 1648-58; Daniel Clark, 1658-64, 65-7; John Allyn, 1664-5, 
67-96; Eleazer Kimberly, 1696-1709; William Whiting, 1709; Caleb 
Stanly, 1709-12; Richard Lord, 1712; Hezekiah Wyllys, 1712-35; 
George Wyllys, 1735-96; Samuel Wyllys, 1796-1810; Thomas Day, 
1810-35; Royal R. Hinman, 1835-42; Noah A. Phelps, 1842-4; Daniel 
P. Tyler, 1844-6; Charles W. Bradley, 1846-7; John B. Robertson, 
1847-9; Roger H. Mills, 1849-50; Hiram Weed, 1850; John P. C. 
Mather, 1850-4; Oliver H. Perry, 1854-5; N. D. Sperry, 1855-7; OrviUe 
H. Piatt, 1857-8; John Boyd, 1858-61; J. Hammond Trumbull, 1861-6; 
Leverett E. Pease, 1866-9; Hiram Appleman, 1869-70; Thomas M. 
Waller, 1870-1; Hiram Appleman, 1871-3; D. Web.ster Edgecomb, 1873; 
Marvin H. Sanger, 1873-7; Dwight Morris, 1877-9; David Torrance, 
1879-81; Charles E. Searls, 1881-3; D.Ward Northrop, 1883-5; Charles 
A. Russell, 1885-7; Leverett M. Hubbard, 1887-9; R. Jay Walsh, 1689. 

had 63,975 votes : Luzon B. Morris, Democrat, G7,658 votes. For Lieut. Governor: 
Bowen, Republican, 6:3,577 votes ; Alsop, Democrat, 67,881 votes. For Secretary: 
McLean, Republican, 63,r>'M) votes; Phelan, Democrat, 67,734 votes. For Comp- 
troller: Staub, Democrat, received 68,271 votes, being a clear majority of the 1:33,- 
502 votes cast at that election. 



HISTORY i)F NEW HAVEN COUxNTV. 81 

Comptrollers: James Wadsworth, 1786-8; Oliver Wolcott, 1788- 
90; Ralph Pomeroy, 1790-1; Andrew Kingsbury, 1791-3; John Porter, 
1793-1806: Elisha Colt, 1806-19; James Thomas, 1819^30; Elisha 
Phelps. 1830-4; Roger Huntington, 1834-."); Gideon Welles, 183i")-6; 
William Field, 1836-8; Henry Kilbourn, 1838-42; Gideon Welles, 
1842-4; Abijah Carrington, 1844-6; Mason Cleveland, 1846-7; Abijah 
Catlin, 1847-50; Rufus G. Pinney, 1850-4; John Dunham, 1854-5: 
Alexander Merrell, 1855-6; Edward Prentis, 1856-7; Joseph G. Lamb, 
1857-8; William H. Buell, 1858-61; Leman W. Cutler, 1861-6; Robbins 
Battell. 1866-7; Jesse Olney, 1867-9; James W. Manning, 1869-70; 
Seth S. Logan, 1870-1; James W. Manning, 1871-3; Alfred R. Good- 
rich, 1873-7: Charles C. Hubbard, 1877-9; Chauncey Howard, 1879-81; 
Wheelock T. Batcheller, 1881-3; Frank D. Sloat, 1883-5; Luzerne I. 
Munson, 1885-7; Thomas Clark, 1887-9; John B. Wright, 1889-91; 
Nicholas Staub, 1891. 

The following United States Senators from the state of Connecticut 
were from New Haven county, the years of service being given ; 
Roger Sherman, 1791-3; James Hillhouse, 1796-1810; David Daggett, 
1813-19; Henry W. Edwards, 1823-7; vSamuel A. Foot, 1827-33; Nathan 
Smith, 1833-5; Roger S. Baldwin. 1847-51; James E. English, 1875-6; 
Orville H. Piatt, 1879 to the present time. 

Prior to 1837 the representatives of the state in the United States 
congress were elected at large. From 1837 to 1843 there were six dis- 
tricts -and each one elected a congressman. vSince 1843 there have 
been but four districts, the counties of Middlesex and New Haven 
constituting District No. 2. The following congressmen were from 
New Haven connty: Roger Sherman, 1789-91; James Hillhouse, 
1791-6; Elizur Goodrich, 1799-1801; Simeon Baldwin, 1803-1805; 
Samuel A. Foot, 1819-21; Henry W. Edwards, 1819-23; vSamuel A. 
Foot, 1823-5; Ralph L Ingersoll, 1825-33; Samuel A. Foot, 1833-5; 
William W. Eoardman, 1841-3; Walter Booth, 1849-51; Colin M. 
Ingersoll, 1851-5: John Woodruff, 1855-7; John W^oodruff, 1859-61; 
James E. English, 1861-5; Stephen W. Kellogg, 1869-75; Charles I. 
Mitchell, 1883-7; Carlos French, 1887-9. The present member of the 
Second district is Washington F. Willcox, of Deep River, in Middle- 
sex county, who has served since 1889. 

The following have been the State Senators of the county the past 
sixty years : 

1830, 4th District, William W. Boardman; 5th, Noyes Darling; 6th, 
John D. Reynolds. 

1831, 4th District, William W. Boardman; 5th, Noyes Darling; 6th, 
Reuben Elliott. 

1832, 4th District, William W. Boardman; 5th, John Pierce; 6th, 
Charles Shelton. 

1833, 4th District, Jared Bassett; 5th, John Pierce; 6th, A.shbel 
Griswold. 



82 HISTUKV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

1835. 4th District, Henry C. Flagg; 5th, Joel Hinman; Gth, Friend 
Cook. 

1830, 4th i:)i,strict, Abijah Carrington; 5th, Joel Hinman; Gth, 
Anson Foote. 

1837, 4th District, Roger S. Baldwin; 5th, James D. Wooster; Gth, 
Noah Pomeroy. 

1838, 4th District, Roger S. Baldwin; 5th, William C. De Forest; 
Gth, Edward A. Cornwall. 

]83!;), 4th District, Abijah Carrington; 5th, Orrin Plumb; Gth, Joel 
Tuttle. 

1840, 4th District, Eleazer Warner; 5th. Orrin Plumb; Gth, Edgar 
Atwater. 

1841, 4th District, Aaron X. Skinner; 5th, David W. Plumb; Gth. 
James Blackstone. 

1842, 4th Di-strict, Aaron N. Skinner; 5th, Alfred Blackman; Gth. 
Benajah Ives. 

1843,4th District, Griswold I.Gilbert; 5th. Edward Hinman; Gth. 
Levi S. Parsons. 

1844, 4th District, Nelson Newton; 5th, Norton I. Buel; Gth, 
Samuel Spencer. 

1845, 4th District, Aaron N. Skinner; 5th, Selah Strong; Gth, John 
R. Wilcox. 

184G, 4th District, Marcus Merriman, Jr.; 5th, Green Kendrick; 
Gth, Ezra Stiles. 

1847, 4th District, Marcus Merriman, Jr.; 5th, Jason W. Bradley; 
Gth, Rufus Rogers. 

1848, 4th District, Philip S. Galpin; Gth, Leonard Bronson; Gth, 
Fenner Bush. 

1849, 4th District, Henry Dutton; 5th, Thomas Burlock; Gth, 
Dexter R. Wright. 

185(1, 4th District, John S. Rice; oth, George P. Shelton; Gth, 
George Landon. 

1851, 4th District, Joel White; 5th, Ira Tuttle; Gth, Nathan G. Fish. 

1852, 4th District, (iriswold I. Gilbert; 5th, A.sa M. Train; Gth, 
David S. Fowler. 

1853, 4th Di.strict, Hawley Olmstead; 5th, Stephen W. Kellogg; Gth, 
vStephen H. Payne. 

1854, 4th District, Henry B. Harri.scm; 5th, George W. Carter; Gth, 
Julius Pratt. 

1855, 4th District, James F. Babcock; 5th, P. P.. Buckingham; (Uh, 
William M. Hall. 

185G, 4th District, James E. English; 5th, Henry Aiwater; Gth, 
Edward R. Landon. 

1857, 4th District, James K. English; 5th, Willard Spencer; Gth, 
William T. Peters. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 83 

1858, 4th District, James E. English; 5th, Aaron Benedict; 6th, 
George Rose. 

1859, 4th District, Wilson H. Clark; 5th, William B. Wooster; 6th, 
Abel Scranton. 

1860, 4th District, Wilson H. Clark; 5th, Nathan A. Baldwin; 6th, 
Erastus C. Scranton. 

1861, 4th District, Joel Ives; 5th, James Brown; 6th, Orville H. 
Piatt. 

1862, 4th District, Chas. Atwater, Jr.; 5th, Lvman W. Coe; 6th. 
Orville H. Piatt. 

1863, 4th District, James J. Webb; 5th, Elisha Wheeler; 6th, 
Franklin C. Phelps. 

1864, 4th District, Edward I. Sanford; 5th, Green Kendrick; 6th, 
James M. Townsend. 

1865, 4th District, Edward I. Sanford; 5th, Sylve.ster vSmith; 6th, 
H. Lynde Harrison. 

1866, 4th District, Thomas H. Bond; 5th, Isaac T. Rogers; 6th, H. 
Lynde Harrison. 

1867, 4th District, James Gallagher; 5th, Isaac T. Rogers; 6th, 
Whitney Elliott. 

1868, 4th District, James Gallagher; 5th, Isaac T. Rogers; 6th, 
Garry I. Alix. 

1869, 4th District, Lucien W. Sperry; 5th, Edward N. Shelton; 6th, 
Samuel W. Dudley. 

1870, 4th District, Lucien W. .Sperry; 5th, William Brown; 6th, 
S. H. vScranton. 

1871, 4th District, Henry Tuttle; 5th, Thomas Elmes; 6th, George 
A. Fay. 

1872, 4th District, Henry Stoddard; 5th, Thomas Elmes; 6th, 
Howard C. Ives. 

1873, 4th District, Henry Stoddard; 5th, Hial S. Stevens; 6th, 
Augustus C. Wilcox. 

1874, 4th District, Luzon B. Morris; 5th, Hial S. Stevens; 6th, H. 
C. Wilcox. 

1875, 4th District, Caleb B. Bowers; 5th, Benjamin Nichols; 6th, 
Charles D. Yale. 

1876, 4th District, Samuel E. Merwin, Jr.; 5th, Benjamin Nichols; 
6th, Joel H. Guy. 

1877, 4th District, Caleb B. Bowers; 5th, Royal M. Bas.sett; 6th, 
Charles A. Bray. 

1878, 4th District, Caleb B. Bowers; 5th, Samuel W. Post; 6th, 
Charles A. Bray. 

1879, 4th District, Carlos Smith; 5th, Samuel W. Po.st; 6th, H. 
Wales Lines. 

1880, 4th District, Carlos Smith; 5th, William Brown; 6th, H.Wales 
Lines. 



84 HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

1881, 4th District, William J. Mills; nth, William Brown; Cth, 
Edward F. Jones. 

1882, 5t"h District, James .S. Elton; 6th, Edward F. Jones; 7th, 
George M. Gunn; 8th, William J. Mills. 

1883, m-i District, James vS. Elton; Gth, Charles D.Yale; 7th, George 
M. (nmn; 8th, Joseph D. Plunkett. 

1884, .'ith District, Edward T. Turner; Hth, Charles D. Yale; 7th, 
Edmund Day; 8th, Joseph D. Plunkett. 

1885, 5th District, Edward T. Turner; Gth, William H. Golden; 7th. 
Edmund Day; 8th, A. Heaton Robertson. 

188fi, 5th District, B. B. Tuttle; (ith, William H. Golden; 7th, 
Edward A. Bradley; 8th, A. Heaton Robert.son. 

1887,5th District, H. A. Matthews; Gth, Edgar J. Doolittle; 7th, 
James Graham; 8th, James Gallagher. 

1888-9, 5th District, Homer A. Twitched; Gth, George \. Morse: 
7th, James Graham; 8th, James N. States. 

189tH, 5th Di-strict, Homer A. Twitchell; (;th, Seth J. Hall; 7th, 
Frederick W. Holden; 8th, Timothy J. Fox. 

The Representatives in the state legislature, of the different towns 
for the same period have been as follows : 

New Haven.— 1830, Henry W. Edwards, Joseph N. Clark; 1831, 
William Mix, ,Samuel Wadsworth; 1832, Dennis Kimberly, Silas Mix; 
1833, Joseph N. Clark, Silas Mix; 1834, Isaac H. Town.send, Philip S. 
Galpin; 1835, Dennis Kimberly, Philip S. Galpin; 183G, William W. 
Boardman, Levi Gilbert. 2d; 1837-8, William W. Boardman, James 
Donaghe; 1839, William W. Boardman, Leverett Candee; 1840, Roger 
vS. Baldwin, John B. Robertson; 1841, Roger S. Baldwin, James F. 
Babcock; 1842, Thomas G. Woodward, Henry Peck; 1843, Philip S. 
Galpin, Eleazer K. Foster; 1844, Eleazer K. Foster. Marcus Merriman, 
Jr.; 1845, William W. Boardman. Levi Gilbert, 2d; 184G, William W. 
Boardman, William H, Russell: 1847, William H. Ru.ssell, Henry E. 
Peck; 1848, Henry E. Peck, Philos Blake; 1849, William W. Boardman. 
Aaron N. Skinner: 1850, Henry E. Peck. Henry Dutton; 1851, William 
W. Boardman, Chauncey Jerome, Jr.; 1852, Stephen D. l^ardee, 
Timothy Lester; 1853, Charles B. Lines, Charles Ives; 1854, Henry E. 
Peck, John Woodruff, 2d; 1855, Alfred Blackman, James E. English; 
185G, Charles R. Ingcr.soll, Charles L. English; 1857, Charles R. Inger- 
soll, Ira Merwin; 18.58, Charles R. IngersoU. llinim C;uii]): 1859-60, 
Harmanus M. Welch, [ohn W. Mansfield; 18(il, James Gallagher, 
Charles Atwatcr, Jr.; 1862, Cornelius S. Bu.shnell, David J. Peck; 1863, 
James Gallagher, Thomas H. Bond; 18G4, John S. Farren, George H. 
Watrous; 1865, Eleazer K. Foster. Henry B. Harrison; 186(>, Charles 
R. Ingcr.soll, Tilton E. Doolittle; 1867, Tilton Iv Doolittle. Alfred W. 
Phelps: 1868, Henry G. Lewis, Alfred W. Phelps; 18()9, Samuel L. 
Bronson, Michael Williams; 1870, Tilton K. Doolittle, Luzon B. Morris; 
1871, Charles R. IngersoU, Henry Stoddard; 1872, James E. English, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 85 

James F. Babcock; 1873, James F. Babcock, Henry B. Harrison; 1874, 
Tilton E. Doolittle, William C. Robinson; 1875, Hobart B. Bigelow, 
Thomas D. Kennedy; 1876, Samuel L. Bronson, Luzon B. Morris; 1877, 
Samuel L. Bronson, Thomas F. McGrail; 1878, James Gallagher, Wil- 
liam J. Mills; 1879, Dexter R. Wright, John H. Leeds; 1880, Luzon B. 
Morris, A. Heaton Robertson; 1881, Luzon B. Morris, Cornelius T. 
Driscoll; 1882, A. Heaton Robertson, Timothy J. Fox; 1883, Alexander 
Troup, William H. Law; 1884, Henry B. Harrison, William. H. Law; 
188.5, Alexander Troup, James P. Pigott; J 886, James P. Pigott, Ezekiel 
G. Stoddard; 1887, Adolphus F. Hunie, James E. Connor; 1888-9, 
Isaac Wolfe, A. Frederick Hume; 1890-1, David Callahan, Hobart E. 
Hotchkiss. 

Waterbury.— 1830, Elias Clark. Joel Hinman; 1831, Joel Hinman, 
Francis Spencer; 1832, Elias Cook, Edmund Austin; 1833, Obadiah 
Warner, Elisha S. Abernathy; 1834, Willard Spencer, William H. 
Hine; 1835-6, Timothy Ball, Marshall Hoadley; 1837, Joel Hinman, 
Ransom Culver; 1838, William H. Hine, Samuel J. Holmes; 1839, 
Richard Hine, Samuel J. Holmes; 1840, John P. Elton. Francis 
Spencer; 1841, Aaron Benedict, Richard Hine; 1842, Joel Hinman, 
John Peck; 1843, George L. Smith, (no choice); 1844, Scoville M. Buck- 
ingham; 1845, Green Kendrick, David W. Austin; 1846, James M. L. 
Scoville, Norton L Buell; 1847, Greene Kendrick, George W. Benedict; 
1848, Greene Kendrick, John P. Elton; 1849, Larmon W\ Abbott, James 
M. L. Scoville; 1850, John P. Elton, Frederick j'. Kingsbury; 1851, 
Edward S. Clarke, Julius Hotchkiss; 1852, Edward S. Clarke, Hobart 
V. Welton; 1853, Joseph Smith, Hobart V. Welton; 1854, Greene 
Kendrick, Edward L. Frisbie; 1855, Edward S. Clarke, Leonard 
Pritchard; 1856, Greene Kendrick, Stephen W. Kellogg; 1857, John 
Buckingham, William Lamb; 1858, L. W. Coe, Frederick J. Kingsbury; 
1859, John Buckingham, James Brown; 1S60, James Brown, Russell 

A. Coe; 1861, Greene Kendrick, Nelson J. Welton; 1862. John P. Elton, 

B. P. Chatfield; 1863-4, E. Leavenworth, Henry A. Matthews; 1865, 
Frederick J. Kingsbury, A. S. Cha.se; 1866. Greene Kendrick, Isaac E. 
Newton; 1867-8, John Kendrick, E. Leavenworth; 1869, Amos S. 
Blake, Israel Holmes; 1870-1, George W. Beach, George Pritchard; 
1872, Greene Kendrick, William Brown; 1873, Isaac E. Newton, 
Edward L. Frisbie; 1874-5, William Brown, Amos S. Blake; 1876, 
Greene Kendrick, Charles B. Merrill; 1877, Greene Kendrick, David 
S. Plume; 1878, Greene Kendrick, Henry I. Boughton; 1879, David S. 
Plume, Israel Holmes; 1880-1, Chauncey B. Webster, Henry A. Mat- 
thews; 1882, Charles W. Gillette, Henry C. Griggs; 1883, Calvin H. 
Carter, Frederick J. Brown; 1884, Edward C. Lewis, J. Richard Smith; 
1885. Calvin H. Carter, Frederick J. Brown; 1886, Henry C. Griggs, 
Henry H. Peck; 1887, Edward T. Root, Cornelius Maloney; 1888-9, 
Henry L. Welch, John O'Neill, Jr.; 1890-1, Charles G. Root, John L. 
Saxe. 



86 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Ansonia.— 189l)-l, George O. vSchneller, Hobart Sperry. 

Beacon Falls.— 1872, John Wolfe; 1873, Patrick Eagan; 1874-5, 
John A. Coe: 1876, Herbert C. Baldwin: 1877, Julius C. Coe; 1878, 
Charles H. Lounsbury; 1879, John A. Coe: 1880, Herbert C. Baldwin; 
1881, David T. Sanford; 1882," A. W. Culver; 1883-4. H. C. Baldwin; 
1885, Homer D. Bronson; 1886-7, Cornelius W. Munson: 1888-9, Emer- 
.son J. Terrell: 1890-1, Herbert C. Baldwin. 

Bethany.— 1838-4, David Beecher; 1835, Andrew Beecher; 1836-7, 
Harry French; 1838, Leverett Thomas; 1839, John Russell; 1840, 
Anthony F. Stoddard: 1841, Job Andrew; 1842, Abel Prince; 1843, 
Burton Sperry; 1844, Guy Perkins; 1845, Joseph N. Stoddard: 1846, 
Miles Hitchcock; 1847-8, Miles French; 1849-50, Charles French; 
1851-2, Edwin Pardee: 1853, Miles Hitchcock; 1854-5, Robert Clark; 
1856, Wales F. Perkins; 1857, Ezra S. Sperry; 1858, Adna Hotchkiss; 
1859-60, Dwight N. Clark: 1861, George Hotchkiss: 1862. Ezra S. 
Sperry; 1863-4, Andrew Beecher; 1865, W. B. Dickerman; 1866, W. 
Dickerman; 1867-8, Andrew T. Hotchkiss; 1869-70, Asa C. Woodward; 
1871, Buel Buckingham: 1872, IMiles Hitchcock; 1873-4, Garry B. 
John.son; 1875, Allen Lounsbury: 1876, S. G. Davidson; 1877, George 
W. Woodward: 1878, Henry E. Loun.sbury; 1879, Edward Beecher; 
1880, Street B. Todd; 1881, Denzel B. Hoadley; 1882, Samuel R. Wood- 
ward; 1883, Charles C. Perkins; 1884, E. O. Pardee; 1885, Dwight L. 
L. Johnson; 1886, David F. Smith: 1887, Theron E. Allen: 1888-9, 
Andrew J. Doolittle; 1890-1, Ransom Chatfield. 

Branford. — 1830, James Blackstone. Samuel Maltby; 1831, William 
Rogers, William A. Reynolds; 1832, James Blackstone: 1833-4, Levi 
Bradley: 1835, Malachi Lmsley; 1836, Levi Bradley; 1837, Samuel 
Gould; 1838, Levi S. Parsons; 1839, William Tyler; 1840, Orrin 
Hoadley: 1841, Levi S. Par.sons: 1842, Levi Bradley: 1843, Calvin 
Frisbie: 1844, William Rogers: 1845-6. Levi Bradley; 1847-8, Orrin D. 
Squire: 1849, Wyllis Beach; 1850, James Barker: 1851-2, William 
Blackstone: 1853, Henry Grant: 1854, Samuel E. Linsley: 1855-6, 
William Blackstone; 18.57, F. A. Holcomb; 1858-9, Charles J. Harrison; 
1860, H. V. C. Holcomb; 1861, Richard Dibble: 18(*)2-3, Bradley 
Chidsey; 18(i4, J. J. Bartholomew; 1865, William Rus.sell; 1866, Wil- 
liam Russell; 1867, John H. Robin.son; 1868-9. W. D. Hendrick; 1870, 
Eli F. Rogers; 1871, Charles L Harrison; 1872-3. John Spencer; 1874-5, 
Henry B. Fowler; 1876, Michael Harding: 1877, Henry Rogers; 1878, 
Edward F. Jones; 1879, Henry B. Fowler; 1880, Charles B. Hill; 1881, 
William Reagan; 1882-3. William A. Wright; 1884, James E. Mat- 
thews: 1885, Henry D. Linsley; 188(5, Willis T. Robmson; 1887, Emer- 
son E. Barker; 1888-9, Alfred E. Hammer; 1890-1, Henry D. Linsley. 

Cheshire. — 1830, Charles Shelton, Benajah Ives; 1831, Benajah 
Ives, Edward A. Cornwall; 1832, Edward A. Cornwall, Titus L. Gay- 
lord; 1833, Edward A. Cornwall, John A. Foote; 1834-5. Titus L. Gay- 
lord, Chauncey Peck; 1836. Benajah Ives. Alfred Doolittle: 1837, 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 87 

Benajah Ives, John ^Jiles•, 1838, John Potter, Ambrose E. Doolittle;^ 
1839, Benajah Ives, William L. Foote; 1840-1, Daniel Humiston, 
Alfred Doolittle; 1842-3, Julius Brooks, Thomas H. Brooks; 1844, 
Edward A. Cornwall, Ambrose E. Doolirtle; 1845, Ransom Johnson, 
Benjamin A. Jarvis; 1840, Ambrose R. Barnes, Charles Hurd; 1847, 
Julius Brooks, William Mix; 1848, Alfred Doolittle, Warren Doolittle; 
1849, Charles Hurd, Arad A. Welton; 1850, Ransom Johnson, Ethel- 
bert Cooke; 1851, Benjamin A. Jarvis, Calvin Doolittle; 1852, John 
Barnes, Norman Beach; 1853, James B. Fields, Bradley Miles; 1854,. 
Charles Hurd, George Bristol; 1855, A. E. Doolittle, Norman Beach;, 
1856, Loyal Smith, Elam Cook; 1857, Albert Sperry, Levi Doolittle; 
1858, James B. Field, Isaac Mix; 1859, Warner Doolittle, William S. 
Bailey: 1860, Charles Hurd, William L. Hinman; 1861, William T. 
Peters, John E. Law; 1862, John E. Law, William Spencer; 1863, 
Benjamin A. Jarvis, Charles Ives; 1864. Heman A. Thomas, Albert 
vSperry; 1865-6, Benjamin A. Jarvis, Burritt Bradley; 1867, Loyal 
Smith, Granville T. Pierce; 1868, Benjamin A. Jarvis, Bradley Miles; 
1869, Burritt Bradley, Mark Bishop; 1870, Warren Doolittle, Titus B. 
Ives; 1871, P. S. Beers, Levi Doolittle; 1872, John Mix, Alonzo E. 
Smith; 1873, William T. Peters, Ed. A. Cornwall; 1874, Nathan 
Booth, Augustus C. Peck; 1875, James Lanyon, Ed. A. Cornwall; 
1876, Titus B. Ives, Henry T. Holcomb; 1877, Benjamin A. Jarvis, 
Daniel Judd; 1878, Horatio D. Smith, Titus B. Ives; 1879, Isaac Mix, 
George R. Ives; 1880, Alfred S. Baldwin, Elizur P. Atwater; 1881, 
John E. Law, George C. F. Williams; 1882, Benjamin A. Jarvis, 
Charles B. Terrell; 1883, Truman Bristol, John W. Mix; 1884, Henry 
Beadle, Fred. A. Granniss; 1885, Henry E. Howe, Ed. T. Cornwall; 
1886, George L. Hotchkiss, George F. Pardee; 1887, Jesse H. Rice, 
Edward R. Brown; 1888-9, George VV. Baker. Porter E. Andrews; 
1890-1, Julius Mo.ss, Milton C. Doolittle. 

Derby.— 1830, Ezekiel Gilbert; 1831, William Lum; 1832, Robert 
Gates; 1833, Josiah Nettleton; 1834, William Humphreys; 1835, John 
B. Davis; 1836, Daniel S. Holbrook; 1837, Nehemiah C. Sanford; 1838, 
David W. Plumb; 1839, Sheldon Smith; 1840, William Humphreys; 
1841, Leman Chatfield; 1842, Luther Fowler; 1843, Samuel French; 
1844, David Bassett; 1845, Albert I. Steele; 1846, George Blackman; 
1847-8, Thomas Burlock; 1849, Joshua Kendall; 1850, Sylvester Smith; 
1851, Sidney A. Downes; 1852, David W. Plumb; 1853, Thomas Wal- 
lace; 1854, Edwin Eells; 1855, William E. Downes; 1850, Lucas H. 
Carter; 1857, Henry Hubbard; 1858, William B. Wooster; 1859, Josiah 
Clark; 1860, David W. Plumb; 1861, William B. Wooster; 1862, David 
W. Plumb; 1863, Robert N. Bassett; 1864, David W Plumb; 1865, Amos 
H. Ailing; 1866, Egbert Bartlett; 1867, Joseph Moore; 1868, Egbert 
Bartlett; 1869, J. H. Bartholomew; 1870, Jo.siah H. Whiting; 1871-2, 
David Torrance; 1873, George H. Peck; 1874, Charles FXirand; 1875, 
Charles Durand, Thomas Elmes; 1876, Thomas Elmes, Chester A. 



88 HISTORY OK NEW IIAVKN (.'OUNTV. 

Hawley; 1877, Henry Atwater, Thomas Wallace: 1878-9. Thomas 
Wallace, Samuel M. Crardner; ISSO, Samuel M. Gardner, Dana 
Bartholomew; 1881, X. C. Treat, John Cowell; 1882-3, William E. 
Downes, Charles H. Pine; 1884-5, Franklin D. Jackson, Jonah C. Piatt; 
1886, A. H. Bartholomew, Charles vS. Chaffee; 18S7,Sanford E.Chaffee, 
A. H. Bartholomew; 1888-9, Charles S. Chaffee, Frederick W. Holden; 
1890-1, George H. Peck, Patrick Gorman. 

East Haven.— 1830, Eleazer Hemingway; 1831-2, Philemon Holt: 
1833, De Grosse Maltby; 1834-5-6, James Thompson; 1837-8, William K. 
Townsend; 1839 40, Hoadley Bray; 1841-2, William K. Townsend; 1843, 
Harvey Rowe, 2d; 1844, Daniel Smith; 1845, Wyllys Hemingway; 
1846-7, James Thompson; 1848, Harvey Rowe, 2d; 1849, Stephen 
Dodd; 1850, J. B. Davidson; 1851, Wyllys Hemingway: 1852, James P. 
Smith; 1853, Willis Mallory; 1854, Stephen Smith. 2d: 18.-)5. Samuel 
T. x\ndrews: 1856, William H. Hunt; 1857, James Thompson; 1858, 
Charles H. P'owler; 1859, James Thompson; 18r)(), Charles A. Bray: 
1861, Nathan Andrews: 1862, William Farren; 1863. Alex. W. Forbes; 
1864. Charles Ives; 1865. S-.Chid.sey; 1806. William E. Goodyear; 1867-8,' 
Charles Ives; 1869, Joseph I. Hotchki.ss: 1870, J. R. Bradley: 1871. 
Lyman A. Granniss; 1872. D. William Havens; 1873, Leonard R. 
Andrews; 1874. H. Jacobs; 1875, J. Woodward Thompson; 1876. Asa L. 
Fabrique; 1877, Horace H. Strong; 1878, Charles L. Mitchell; 1879, 
Grove J. Tuttle; 1880, Le.ster P. Mallory; 1881,Dwight W. Tuttle;1882, 
Orlando B. Thompson; 1883-4. Alexander W. Forbes: 1885. Justin 
Bradley; 1886. Grove J. Tuttle; 1887. James S. Thompson; 1888-9, 
Dwight W. Tuttle: 1890-1, Dwight W. Tuttle. 

Guilford. — 1830, Nathaniel (^riffing, George Landon; 1831, Nath- 
aniel Griffing, Abel Rossiter; 1832, Nathaniel Grifting, Joel Tuttle; 
1833, Nathaniel Griffing, Abel Rossiter; 1834, Joel Tuttle, Abraham S. 
Fowler; 1835, Nathaniel Griffing, Abel Rossiter; 1836. Nathaniel 
Griffing. George Landon; 1837; Henry Elliott, George Landon: 1838, 
Joel Tuttle, John H. Bartlett; 1839. (George A. Foote. Marcus B. Bart- 
lett; 1840. (yeorge A. Foote, Samuel C. John.son; 1841. George A. 
Foote, Samuel W. Dudley; 1842-5, no representatives chosen; 1846-7, 
Reuben .Stone, William Hale; 1848, Reuben Stone, Jasper Monroe; 
1849, Reuben vStone, Franklin C. Phelps; 1850, Julius A. Dowd, Lewis 
Griswold; 1851, Russell Benton, James A.Norton; 1852, Henry Fowler, 
2d, Lewis Griswold; 1853, vSamuel W. Dudley, Henry Fowler; 1854, 
Edward L. Leete, Leverett Ciriswold; 1855, George A. Foote, Amos 
Fowler; 1856, John Hale, Calvin M. Leete: 1857. George A. Foote, 
Samuel W. Dudley; 1858. Albert B. Wildman, Benjamin Corbin; 1859, 
Ralph 1). Smith, T. Rcssiter; 1860, Sherman Graves, John Hall; 1861, 
Richard Bartlett, Stephen R. Bartlett; 1802, Calvin M. Leete, John 
Griswold; 1863, John II. Bartlett, Henry E. Norton; 1865. Samuel W. 
Dudley, lulward L. Leete; 1866, Henry l'\)wler. (yen. Edward M. 
Lee; 1807, David B. Rossiter, Gen. ICdward M. Lee; 1868. Rev. E. 



llISrORV OK XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 89 

Edwin Hall, Eli Parmalee: 1869, Julius A. Dowd, .Stephen R. Bartlett; 
1870, Edward R. Landon, Hethcote G. Landon; 1871, Henry Benton, 
2d, John R. Rossiter; 1872, Albert B. Wildman, Charles F. Leete; 1873, 
Henry Fowler, John R. Rossiter; 1874, H. Lynde Harrison, George B. 
vSpencer; 187.1, H. Lynde Harrison, John R. Rossiter; 1876, H. Lynde 
Harrison, John W. Norton; 1877, H. Lynde Harrison, '■•• David Bartlett; 
187S. Calvin M. Leete, Andrew W. Foote; 1879, John Graves, David 
Bartlett; 188(1. Wallace G. Fowler, James A. Dudley; 1881, H. Lynde 
Harrison, John R. Rossiter; 1882, Elisha C. Bishop, Edward Griswold; 
18S3, Edward Griswold, Henry M. Rossiter; 1884, Otis J. Range, John 
W. Norton; 188."), Wallace G. Fowler, Edgar P. Rossiter; 1886, Harris 
Pendleton, Jr., William H. Lee; 1887, Charles Griswold, Henry M. 
Rossiter; 1888-9, George S. Davis, Henry E. Parmalee; 1890-1, George 
S. Davis, Benjamin Rossiter. 

Hamden.— 1830, Alfred Bassett; 1881-2, Jared Bas.sett; 1833-4, 
Elam Warner; 1835, Alfred Bassett; 1836, Jared Bassett; 1837-8, 
James M. Ford; 1839, Leverett Hitchcock; 1840, Leverett Tuttle; 1841, 
Horace Potter; 1842, Allen Dickerman; 1843, Loyal F. Todd; 1844, 
Abial Leonard; 1845, Ezra Ailing-, 2d; 1846, Horace Potter; 1847, 
Henry Mun.son; 1848, Leverett Tuttle; 1849, Lewis Warner; 1850. 
Abial Leonard; 18.51, Horace Potter; 18.V2, Eli B. .Smith; ISrVS, Russell 
H. Cooper; 1854, Henry Munson; 1855, Loyal F. Todd; 1856, Horace 
Todd: 1857, Merrit Ford; 1858, Henry Tuttle; 1859-60, James M. Ford; 
1861, Merrit Ford; 1862, Eli B. Smith; 1863-4, Elias Warner; 1865, 
Andrew J. Doolittle; 1866, Henry Tuttle; 1867-8, Augustus Dicker- 
man; 1869-70, Gilbert L. Benham; 1871, Silas Benham; 1872, Philos 
Dickerman; 1873, Jesse Cooper; 1874, Edwin W. Potter; 1875-6, Riley 
R. Palmiter; 1877,'Andrew J. Doolittle: 1878-9, Norris B. Mix; 1880, 
Cecil A. Burleigh; 1881, Leverett A. Dickerman; 1882-3, Bela A. 
Mann; 1884, Frederick E. Tuttle; 1885, Henry W. Munson; 1886, 
Hubert E. Warner; 1887, Benjamin C. Woodin: 1888 9, George L. 
Clark; 1890-1, Dwight W'. Mix. 

Madison.— 1830, Frederick Lee; 1831-2, Phineas Meigs: 1833, Wil- 
liam Blatchley; 1834, Samuel Robinson, Jr.; 1835, Phineas Meigs; 1836, 
Frederick S. Field; 1887, Jesse Crampton; 1838, Galen Dowd; 1839, 
Sherman Munger; 1840-1, Learning Evarts; 1842, Nathan W. Hopson; 
1843, Charles M. Miner; 1844, Frederick Foster; 1845-6, Erastus C. 
Scranton: 1847, William C. Bushnell; 1848, Heman Stojie; 1849-50, 
Jonathan F. Todd; 1851, Erastus C. Scranton; 1852, Truman Harrison; 
1853, Abel .Scranton; 18.")4, .Samuel R. Crampton; 18.55, Frederick 
Dowd; 1S56, Erastus C. Scranton; 18.57, Luman H. Whedon; 1858, 
John P. Hopson; 1859-60, Sereno H. Scranton: 1861, Joseph William 
Dudley; 1862, Erastus C. .Scranton; 18(i3-4, Baldwin Hart: 1865, 
Edward S. Scranton; 1866, Elias S. Ely; 1867, Sereno H. Scranton; 
1868, J. C. Hopson; 1869, Jonathan Willard; 1870, J. (t. Dickinson; 

* Elected speaker this year. 



90 HISTORY OK np:\v haven county. 

1S71, Augustus C. Wilcox; 1872, Sereno H. Scranton; 1873, William B" 
Crampton; 1874, Heman C. Stone; 187"), John N, Chittenden; 1876, 
Samuel Griswold; 1877, John N. Chittenden; 1878, Washington Bristol; 
1879, C. Henry Whedon; 1880, I. Lee Scranton, Jr.; 1881, Horace N. 
Coe; 1882, Horace O. Hill; 1883, William C. Miner; 1884, P. M. Gris- 
wold; 188o, Harvey E.Cruttenden; 1886, James R, Dowd; 1887, Charles 
Smith; 1888-9, George B. Munger; 1890-1, James R. Aleigs. 

Meriden.— 1830, Titus Ives; 1831, Ashbel Griswold; 1832, Xoah 
Pomeroy; 1833, Enos H. Curtis; 1834, Eli C. Birdsey; 1835, Hezekiah 
Rice; 1836, Asahel Curtis; 1837, Horace B. Redfield; 1838, Walter 
Booth; 1839, James S. Brooks; 1840, Eli C. Bird.sey; 1842, Ira Couch; 
1843, Henry Stedman; 1844, James S. Brooks;* 184(), Elias Howell; 
1847, A.shbel Griswold; 1848, Isaac C. Lewis; 1849, James A. Tracy; 
1850, William S. Ives; 18/51, Hiram Hall; 18r)2, Julius Pratt; 1853, 
Lsaac C, Lewis; 1854, Albert Foster; 18r),'i, James S. Brooks; 1856. Levi 
Yale; 1857, James S. Brooks; 1858, Asahel H. Curtiss; 1859, William W. 
Lyman; 1860, Andrew J. Coe; 1861, Owen B. Arnold: 1862, Isaac C. 
Lewis; 1863, Dexter R. Wright; 1864, Orville H. Piatt; 1865, Oliver S, 
Williams; 1866, Isaac C. Lewis; 1867, Andrew J, Coe; 1868, William A. 
Hall; 1869, Orville H. Piatt; 1870, John Parker; 1871, Joseph J. 
Woodley; 1872, H, Wales Lines; 1873, Charles H. S. Davis; 1874, 6. 
B. Arnold; 1875-6. Wallace A. Miles. Asahel H. Curtiss; 1877, Abram 
Chamberlain, Jr., Wallace A. Miles; 1878, James P. Piatt, George R. 
Willmot; 1879, James P. Piatt, Samuel Dodd; 1880. Emerson A. Merri- 
man, Grove H.Wilson; 1881, E. A. Merriman, W. W. Lyman; 1882, 
W. W. Lyman, Grove H. Wilson; 1883, John Morse, Reuben T. Cook; 
1884, George O. Higby, William H, Golden; 1885-6, William Wallace 
Lee, Charles H. S. Davis; 1887, Louis H. Hart, William H. Barbour; 
1888-9, James H. Chapm. Elijah D. Costelow; 1890-1, Elijah D. 
Costlelow, Joseph H. Potts. 

Middlebury. — 1830, Larmon Townsend; 1831-2, Marcus Bronson; 
1833, Leonard Bron.son; 1834-5, Josiah Hine; 1836, Marcus Bronson; 
1837, Daniel Tyler; 1838-9, William H, Smith; 1840, Daniel Clark; 
1841, Daniel Clark, 2d; 1842, Leonard Bronson; 1843, Ebenezer Smith; 
1844, Charles Town.send; 1845, Joseph P. Piatt; 1846, Leonard Bronson; 
J847, Jacob Linsley; 1848-9, Asa Fenn; 1850, Charles B, Stone; 1851, 
Robert Crane; 1852, Joseph P. Piatt; 1853, David M. Beardsley; 1854, 
vSylvester Bron.son; 1855, Josiah Hine; 1856, Ebenezer Smith; 1857, 
Gould S. Clarke; 1858, Julius Bronson; 1859, Warren H.Taylor; 1860, 
Leonard Bronson; 18(;L Luther S. Piatt; 1862, H. W. Munson; 1863, 
Harrison W. Crosby; 18(i4. Israel J. Curtiss; 1865, Gilman E, Hill; 
1866-7, Benjamin Stone; 1868, Luther S, Piatt; 1869, Clinton Clark; 
1870, James Smith: 1871 2, Gould S. Clark; 1873 4, Levings Abbott: 
1875, Silas Tuttlc; 1876, Roswell B. Wheaton; 1877, Frank Wheeler; 
1878, Hawkins W. Mun.son; 1879 80, Marcus De Forest, Jr.; 1881, Eli 
* 184.5, no choice. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 9T 

Bronson; 1882, George O. Ellis; 1883, Eli Brouson; 1884, David M. 
Fenn; 1885-6, Edmund B. Hoyt; 1887, Eli Bronson; 1888-9, George 
Dews; 1890-1, William H. Dibble. 

Milford.— 1830-1, Jonathan Clark, William Durand, Jr.; 183x>,. 
Abijah Carrington, Adolphus Baldwin; 1833, Abijah Carrington, Wil- 
liam H. Fowler; 1834, Abijah Carrington, Jeremiah French; 1835, 
Abijah Carrington, Treat Clark; lS36,Selah Strong, Treat Clark; 1837, 
Abijah Carrington, Isaac Tibbals; 1838-40, Selah .Strong, Isaac Tibbals; 
1841, Dennis Beach, John Burns, Jr.; 1842, David L. Baldwin, Isaac 
Tibbals; 1843, Selah Strong, Isaac Tibbals; 1844, Selah Strong, John 
Burns, Jr.; 1845, William Glenny, John Burns. Jr.; 1846, Andrew 
French, Anon Clark; 1847, Samuel Beach, Elias Clark; 1848, David L. 
Baldwin, John K. Bristol; 1849, Samuel Beach, John K. Bristol; 18.')0, 
Samuel Beach, Asa M. Train; 1851, David L. Baldwin, Asa M. Tram; 
1852, Samuel B. Gunn, J. K. Bristol; 1853, Selah Strong, Asa M. Train; 
18.54. Selah Strong, J. K. Bristol; 1855-6, David L. Bsildwin, Asa M. 
Train; 1857, John Burns, Caleb T. Merwin; 1858, Asa M. Train, Caleb 
T. Merwin; 1859-60, David L. Baldwin, Anon Clark; 1861-2, Abner L. 
Train, Nathan Merwin; 1863, John H. Wingfield, William S. Pond; 
1864, William S. Pond, Isaac T. Rogers: 1865, Elias Clark, Isaac T. 
Rogers; 1866, William S. Pond, D. H. Durand; 1867, F. E. Burns, 
Nathan Smith; 1868, Nathan Bottsford, Henry Stoddard; 1869, Selah 
Strong, James Sweet; 1870, Henry C. Miles, William Brotherton; 1871,. 
Phineas S. Bristol, Fowler Sperry; 1872, Samuel A. Blake, William H. 
Pond; 1873, Johnson Bristol. Alonzo W. Burns; 1874, Henry C. Miles,. 
Isaac T. Rogers; 1875, Henry C. Miles, William H. Pond; 1876, James- 
T. Burns. Charles A. Tomlinson; 1877, Daniel Buckingham, Charles A. 
Tomlin.son; 1878, Isaac T. Rogers, Alexander T. Peck; 1879, Lsaac T. 
Rogers, Harris C. Hyatt; lSSO-1. James S. Tibbals, George M. Gunn; 
1882, Charles A. Tomlin.son, Thomas W. Stow; 1883, Nathan P. 
Merwin, William C. Durand; 1884, John C. Connor, William C. Durand; 
1885, George M. Gunn, Henry C. Miller; 1886, Charles A. Tomlinson, 
George Clark; 1887, George M. Gunn, George W.Clark; 1888-9, Charles 
W. Beardsley, William Cecil Durand; 1890-1, Charles W. Beardsley, 
Alonzo W. Burns. 

Naugatuck.— 1845, George L. Smith; 1846-7, Thomas Spencer; 1848, 
Francis Spencer; 1849, James Spencer; 1850, Miles Smith; 1851, 
Francis Spencer; 1852, Gustavus .Spencer; 1853, Franklin Howard; 
1854, Samuel Hopkins; 1855, Nathan C. Peters; 1856, John A. Peck; 
1857, Gideon O. Hotchkiss; 1858, Hial S. Steven.s; 1859, David Smith; 
1860, S. C. Warner; 1861, Henry Lane; 1862, Eli Smith; 1863, Jo.siah 
Culver: 1864, Homer Twitchell; 1865, Marshal Baldwin: 1866, C. A. 
HotchkLss; 1867, Eldridge Smith; 1868, Martin Kinney; 1869, John A. 
Peck; 1870, Hial S. Stevens; 1871, J. H. Whittemore; 1872, Hial S- 
Stevens: 1873, Charles A. Ensign; 1874, Edson L. Judd; 1875, John H. 
Hawkins; 1876, Charles L. Baldwin; 1877. Hubert H. Thompson; 1878, 



!)2 HISTORY OF NKW HAVP:N COUNTY. 

Rollin S. Woodford; 1.^71), Rollin S. Woodford; 1880, Charles A. Ensign; 
1881, Joseph Brennan; 1889. Franklin B. Tattle; 1883, Fremont W. 
Tolles; 1884, Edward H. Carrington; 188."), George L. Andrews; 1886-7, 
Frederick H. King; 1888-!). Edward H Carrington; 1800 -1. William H. 
McCarthy. 

North Branford. — 1885. Jonathan Rose, 2d; 1888, Samuel Bartholo- 
mew, 2d; 1884, Jonathan Rose, 2d; 188."), Ebenezer H. Fowler; 1886, 
Rufus Rogers, 2d; 1887, Harmon N. Williams; 1888, Jasper Mnnroe; 
1889, Thelus Todd; 1840-1, Samuel A. Rogers; 1842-8, Ebenezer H. 
Fowler; 1844, Alfred Rose; 184.'), William M. Fowler; 1846, Jonathan 
Ro.se; 1847, Clswin H. Doolittle; 1848, Jonathan Rose; 1840, Nathaniel 
S. Smith; 18.")0, Jonathan Rose; 1851, Daniel Jones; 18.52, Jonathan 
Rose; 18.")8, Thomas A. Smith; 18.'J4, Russell Clarke; 1800, Thelus Todd; 
IS.V), George Ro.se; 1837, William M. Fowler; 18.-)8, A. A. Hemingway; 
18:)0, Reuben N. Augur; 1800, E. E. Bishop; 1801, Henry Maltby, Jr.; 
1862, William Wheedom; 1868, Wareham W. Foote; 1864, George 
Rose; 186."i, Maltbv Fowler; 1866, Seth Ru.s.sell; 1867, Tames H. 
Linsley; 1868, Samuel Rose; 1869, T. Andrew Smith; 1870, Martin C, 
Bi.shop; 1871, W. H. Maltby; 1872, Noah Foot; 1878, Henry M. Pardee; 
1874, Charges Page; 187."), F. C. Bartholomew; 1876, William D. Ford; 
1877, F. C. Bartholomew; 1878, Alden H. Hill; 1879, Guernsey B. 
Smith; 1880, Eaton Stent; 1881, William Maltby; 1882, William B. 
Curtis; 1888, Charles Foote; 1884, Jerome Harrison; 188.-), Josiah A. 
Smith; 1886, Herbert O. Page; 1887, Theodore F. Barnes; 1888-9, J. 
Henry Gates; 1890-1, Dwight M. Foote. 

North Haven.— 1880, Jesse Brockett; 1831-2, Lsaac Stiles; 1888-4, 
Hubbard Barnes; 188.'i-6, Amasa Thorpe; 1887-S, Florace Stiles; 1889, 
Jesse Brockett; 1840 1, John Beach; 1842, Obed S. Squires; 1848, 
Everlin Blakeslee; 1844, Merrit Barnes; 184.-), Ezra Stiles; 1846, Elizur 
C. Tuttle; 1847, Oswin H. Doolittle; 1848, Zophar Blakeslee; 1849-.-)0. 
Oswin H. Doolittle; 1851, Evelyn Blakeslee; 1852, Merrit Barnes; 1853, 
Burritt Brockett; 18.-)4, Lsaac L. Stiles; 18.-)5, Henry McNeil; 18.-){), 
Henry H. Stiles; 18.57, Hervey Stiles; 1858 9, N, J. Beach; 1860, 
Nelson J. Beach: 1861-2, H. T. Dayton; 1868, Elizur C. Tuttle; 1864, 
John E. Brockett; 1865, James M. Payne; 1866-7, W. B. Hemingway; 
1868, E. D. vS. Goodyear; "1809-70, D. A. Patten: 1871, William B.John- 
son; 1872, Nelson J. Beach; 1873, Daniel A. Patten; JS74, Cyrus Cheney; 
1875-6, vStephen C. (Gilbert; 1877-8, Alfred Ives; 1879, Truman O. Judd; 
1880, Nelson J. P.each; 1881, Sheldon B. Thorpe; 1882, Andrew F. 
Au.stin; 1888, F. Hayden Todd; 1884 5, Lsaac L. Stiles; 1886. Cyrus 
Cheney; 1S87, Edwai'd L. Goodyear; 1888 9, ^J'heopbilus Eaton: 189(1 1, 
Theophilus ICaton. 

Orange.- -1880, Llliakim Kimberly; 1881 2, Luke Clark; 1833, 
liliakim Kimberly; 1884, Nchemiah Kimberly; 1885-6, Nathan Merwin; 
1887-8, l^>Iiakim Kimberly: 1839 4(i. Nathan Merwin; 1841-2. Nehemiah 
Kimberly; 1843, Aaron Clark, Jr.; 1844, William T. Grant; 1845-6, 



HISTORY OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 9S 

Lucius Stevens; 1847-8, Benjamin F. Clark; 1849-.o0, Sidney Pardee; 
I80I, David Smith; 1852, Sidney Pardee; 18n3, David Smith; ]8.-)4, 
Edgar M. Smith; ISr^, William A. Bronson; 18.")6, Benjamin I. Clark; 
1857, Henry W. Painter: I808, George R. Kelsey; 18o9, Alpheus N. 
Merwin; 1860, Alpheus N. Merwin; 1861, Elisha Dickerman; 1862, R. 
Ouincy Brown; 186:?, Benjamin T. Clark; 1864, Bryan Clark; 186n, A. F. 
Wood; 1866, A. F. Wood; 1867-8, Leonidas W. Ailing; 1869, George 
A. Bryan; 1870, Israel K.Ward; 1871, William E.Ru.ssell; 1872, Elias T. 
Main; 1878, James H. Reynolds; 1874, D. S. Thompson; 187.")-6, Charles 
F. Smith; 1877, Samuel L. Smith; 1878, James Graham; 1879-80, Stiles 
D. Woodruff; 1881, W^illiam Wallace" Ward; 1882-3, Edward E. 
Bradley; 1884, James R. Ayres; 188.")-6, James Graham; 1887, William L. 
Andrew; 1888-9, Samuel J. Bryant; 1890-1, Everett B. Clark. 

Oxford.— 1830, .Samuel Meigs; 1831, Horace Candee; 1832, Samuel 
Wire; 1833, Nathan B. Fairchild; 1834, Samuel Meigs; 1835, Sheldon 
Clark; 1836, Hiram O.sborne; 1837, Chauncey M. Hatch; 1838, Aufelius 
Buckingham; 1839, Hiram Osborne; 1840, Sheldon Church; 1841, David 
M. Clark; 1842, Nathan J. Wilcoxson; 1843, no choice; 1844, Sheldon 
Church; 1845, no choice; 1846, Joel White; 1847, Everett Booth; 1848, 
Alfred Harger; 1849, Joel Osborne; 1850, Clark Botsford; 1851. Nath- 
aniel Walker; 1852, Garry Riggs; 1853, Lewis Davis; 1854, Lucius 
Fuller; 1855, Ransom Hudson; 1856, Hiram Osborne; 1857, Josiah 
Nettleton; 1858, Burritt Davis: 1859, William H. Clark; 1860, James A. 
Buckingham; 1861, David R. Lum; 1862, Benjamin Nichols; 1863, 
Robert Wheeler; 1864, Abiram Ward; 1865, George Lum; 1866, B.J. 
Davis; 1867, C. D. R. Perkins; 1868, B. J. Davis; 1869-70, Egbert L. 
Warner; 1871, Burr J. Beecher; 1872, Robert B. Limburuer; 1873-4, 
Ebeuezer Riggs: 1875, Smith C. Wheeler; 1876-7, Gideon A. John.son; 
1878, Harvey W. Chatfield; 1879, James H. Bartlett; 1880-1, John B. 
Pope; 1882, James H. Bartlett; 1883, Orlando C. 0.sborn: 1884. Smith 
C. Wheeler: 1885, Charles H. Butler: 1886, Nicholas French: 1887, 
Glover W. Cable; 1888-9, Orlando C. Osborn; 1890-1, Charles H. 
Butler. 

Pro-spect.— 1830, Lauren Preston; 1831, Joseph J. Doolittle; 1832, 
William Mix; 1883, Samuel Peck; 1834, Lauren Preston; 1835, William 
Mix; 1836, Joseph Paine: 1837, Libeus Sanford: 1838, Benjamin Piatt; 
1839, David R. Williams; 1840, Ransom R. Ru.ssell; 1841, David M. 
Clark; 1842, no choice: 1843, no choice: 1844, Luther Morse; 1845, 
Ransom R. Russell; 1846, Benjamin Doolittle; 1847, Ransom R. 
Russell: 1848. George C. Piatt; 1849, Reuben B. Hughes; 1850, Wil- 
liam J. Wilcox; 1851-2, James Street; 1853, no choice; 1854, Asa M. 
Train; 1855-6, John Gillette: 1757-8, David M. Hotchki.ss; 1859, 
Samuel C. Bronson; 1860, John Gillette; 1861, Merritt Clark, Jr.; 1862, 
Edwin R. Tyler; 1863, Henry D. Russell: 1864, Benjamin B. Brown; 
1865-6, Richard Tyler; 1867, Charles E. Hine; 1868, Richard Tyler; 
1869, John R. Piatt; 1870, George F. Tyler; 1871, Merritt Clark: 1872, 



•94 HISTORY DF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 

Horace A. Nettleton; 1873, William Berkeley; 1874, John Gillette: 
1870, Henry Judd; 1876, Willis Ives; 1877, William Berkeley; 1878, 
Harry Hotchkiss; 1879, William W. Phipps; 1880, Harris Piatt; 1881, 
James Bottomley; 1882, George F. Tyler; 1883, R. M. Gillette; 1884, 
John R. Piatt; 1885, George R. Morse; 1886, Edgar G. Wallace; 1887, 
Halsey S. Clark; 1888-9, Byron L. Morse; 1890-1, William A. Purdy. 

Seymour. — 1851 , Bennett Wooster; 18.o2, vSylvester Smith; 1853-4, 
Harris B. Munson; 1855-6, Luzon B. ]\Iorris; 1857, Henry C. Johnson; 
1858, Charles B. Wooster; 1859, Samuel L. Bron.son; 1860. Carlos 
French; 1801, Clark Wooster; 1862, Abel Holbrook; 1863-7, Harris B. 
Munson; 1868, Carlos French; 1869, Philo Holbrook: 1870, Virgil H. 
-McEwen; 1871, Smith Botsford; 1872, James Swan; 1873, Horatio N. 
Eggleston; 1874, lidmund Day: 1875, Lewis A. Camp: 1876, Henry P. 
Day; 1877, Samuel A.' Beach: 1878, Albert B. Dunham; 1879, George 
W. Devine; J880, Henry D. Northrop; 1881, John W. Smith; 1882, 
John W\ Rogers; 1883, Norman Sperry; 18S4, Thomas L. James: 1885, 
Horace O. Judd; 1886-7, Samuel R. Dean; 1888-9, Robert Healey; 
1890-1, Robert Healey. 

Southbury.— 1830, John Pierce; 1831, Edward Hinman; 1832, Henry 
Downs; 1833, Charles C. Hinman; 1834, Henry Downs: 1835, Charles 
•C. Hinman: 1836, Daniel Hinman; 1837, John Peck; 1838, Elijah 
French: 1839, John Peck; 1840, William Guthrie; 1841, Samuel Candee; 
1842, Erastus Pierce; 1843. Charles B. Hicock; 1844. no choice; 1845, 
Titus Pierce; 1846, W^alter Johnson; 1847, George P. Shelton: 1848, 
•George Smith; 1849, Titus Pierce; 1850, Oliver Mitchell; 1851, Henry 
D. Munson: 1852, Edwin Pierce; 1853, Truman B. Wheeler; 1854, Eli 
Pierce; 1855, Elisha Wheeler; 1856, William Guthrie; 1857, Charles 
Hicock; 1858, Almon B. Downs; 1859, Anthony B. Burritt; 1860, Eli 
Pierce: 1861, Nathan C. Mon.son; 1862, Almon B. Downs; 1863, Anthony 
B. Burritt: 1864, Reuben Pierce; 1865, Henry W. Scott; 1866, S. J. 
Stoddard; 1867, William T. Gilbert; 1868. Eli Pierce: 1869, John C. 
Wooster: 1870, S. W. Post; 1871, Charles S. Brown; 1872, Ezra Pierce; 
1873, John J. Hinman; 1874, Abel Bronson; 1875, Gidney A. vStiles; 
1876, Reuben Pierce; 1877, David F. Pierce; 1878. Henry S. Wheeler; 
1879, John Pierce: 1880, George F. Shelton; 1881, John Pierce: 1882, 
A.sahel F. Mitchell: 1883, Nelson W. Mitchell: 1884, Henry S. Wheeler; 
1885, George N. Piatt; 1886, Henry B. Russell; 1887, George W. 
Mitchell; 1888-9, Myron L. Cooley; 1890-1, George W. Mitchell. 

Wallingford. — 1830, LiveriusCarrington, John Barker; 1831, George 
B. Kirtland, .Sedgwick Rice; 1832, Charles Yale, Aimer Hall; 1833, 
John I). Reynolds, Lyman Miller: 1834, George B. Kirtland, Aimer 
Hall; IS35, Samuel Cook, Lyman Miller; 1836, Ransom Johnson, 
Nathan Hall; 1837, Chester Cook, Giles Hall; 1838, Jared K. Ford, 
Wooster Martin; 1839, Ran.som John.son, Augustus Hall, 2d: 1840, 
Malachi Cook, Randall Cook; 1841, Liverius Carrington, Ira Tuttle; 
1842, George Cook, Orrin Andrews: 1843, William Hill, Almon 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 95 

Doolittle: 1844, Malachi Cook, Philo Parker: 184o, William Todd, 
Israel Harrison; 1846, Samuel Simpson, Samuel C. Ford; 1847, John 
D. Reynolds, William W. Ives; 1848, Lyman Miller, John Cook; 1849, 
Ira Tuttle, Friend Johnson; 18S0, William Francis, Rufus Doolittle; 
1851. Nathan Thomas, Jr., William W. Stow; 1852, Samuel C. Ford. 
Lorenzo Lewis; 1853, Franklin Johnson, John Munson; 1854, Franklin 
Johnson, William Mix; 1855, John Munson, Samuel Peck; 1856, Ira 
Tuttle, Alonzo Miller: 1857, Eli S. Ives, Hezekiah Hall; 1858, Augustus 
Hall, Dwight Hall; 1859, Samuel Simpson, William W. Stow; 1860, 
Street Jones, H. L. Hall; ]86],Orrin Andrews,©. I. Martin; 1862, John 
L. Ives, Samuel C. Ford; 1863, Henry Hull, Phineas T. Ives; 1864, H. 
L. Hall, J. C. Mansfield; 1865, Samuel Simpson, Franklin Johnson; 
1866. B. Trumbull Jones, Hiram Cook; 1867, Turhand Cook, James A. 
F. Northrop; 1868,"h. L. Hall, J. L. Ives; 1869, Hezekiah Hall, John 
•C. Roche; 1870, Franklin Piatt, E. A. Doolittle; 1871, Thaddeus C. 
Banks, Henry C. Wooding; 1872, H. L. Hall. G. N. Andrews; 1873, 
Willis J. Goodsell, Henry ^Davis; 1874, C. D. Yale, H. B. Todd; 1875, 
Joel Hall, Clarence H. Brown; 1876, Gurdon W. Hull, James N. Pier- 
pont; 1877, H. Lewis Dudley, George S. Allen; 1878, Charles D. Yale, 
Ebenezer H. Ives; 1879, Samuel Simpson, Thomas Daily; 1880, James 
D. McGaughey, Henry L. Hall; 1881, Hezekiah Hall, James Wrinn; 
1882, P. T. Ives, John W. Blakeslee; 1883, Mercur E. Cook, Patrick 
Moonev; 1884, William S. Russell, (jcorge A. Hopson; 1885, George 
M. Wallace, Thomas Kennedy; 1886, Charles A. Harrison, Charles E. 
Yale; 1887, John B. Kendrick, John B. Mix; 1888-9, Bryant A. Treat, 
Michael O'Callaghan; 1890-1, Linus H. Hall, Patrick Concannon. 

Wolcott.— 1830, Archibald Minor; 1831, Luther Hotchkiss; 1832, 
■Orrin Plumb; 1833-4. Archibald Minor; 1835, Orrin Plumb; 1836, 
Daniel Hall; 1837, Moses Pond: 1838, Salmon Up.son; 1839, Noah H. 
Byington; 1840, Ira Hough; 1841, Ira Frisbie; 1842, Levi Mouthrop 
1843-4, Moses Pond; LS45, Sheldon Welton; 1846, Willard Plumb 
1847-8, Henry Minor; 1849, Marvin Minor; 1850. Dennis Pritchard 
185L Willis ]\ierrill; 1852, Lsaac Hough; 1853, Joseph N. Sperry; 1854, 
Lyman Manvil; 1855, Moses Pond; 1856, Erastus W. Warner; 1857, 
George W. Winchell; 1858, Henry Minor; l'S59, Shelton T. Hitchcock; 
1860, Erastus W. Warner; 1861. William McNeill; 18()2, E. W. Warner; 
1863. Seth Wiard; 1864, James Alcott; 1805, Orrin Plumb; 1866, Henry 
Minor; 1867, Augustus Minor; 1868, Elihu ;\Ioulthrop; 1869, Isaac 
Hough; 1870, Berlin J. Pritchard; 1871-2. Shelton T. Hitchcock; 1873, 
George W. Carter; 1874, Shelton T. Hitchcock; 1875, Era.stus W. 
Warner: 1876, Benjamin F. French: 1877, Lucien Upson; 1878-9, 
Shelton T. Hitchcock; 1880, Frederick L. Nichols; 1881-2. Samuel M. 
Bailey; 1883-4. Henry B. Carter; 1885. Charles S. Tuttle; 1886. Benja- 
min L. Bronson; 1887, E. M. Up.son; 1888-9, J. Henry Garrigus; 1890-], 
Evelyn M. Upson. 



gg HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Woodbridge.— 11S30, Truman Hotchkiss, Archibald A. Perkins; 18;-51 
lohn Lines, Joseph Bradley; 1882. James A. Darling. Joseph Bradley 
isHH, James A. Darling; 1834-5, Ephraim Baldwin; 1836, Levi Peck 
1837-9, Thomas Darling; 1840-2, Samuel Peck; 1843, Nathan P. Thomas 
1844, Bevil P. Smith; 1845, James J. Baldwin; 1846, James A. Darling 
184?' Newton Baldwin; 1848, James J. Baldwin; 1849, Samuel F. 
Perkins; bSfiO, Nathan P. Thomas; 1851-3, Treat Clark; 1854, Willis 
Merrill; 1855, Thomas Sanford; 1856, Joseph Hale; 1857, Lewis 
Russell; 1858, Treat Clark; 1859-60, James J. Baldwin; 1861, Lewis 
Russell- 1862, Marcus E. Baldwin; 1863-4, William Peck; 1865-6, 
William A. Clark; 1867-8, John M. Merwin; 1869-70, William A. 
W^arner; 1871-2, Amos S. Treat; 1873, Amos S. Treat; 1874-5, John 
Peck- 1876-7, Stephen P. Perkins; 1878-80, Marcus E. Baldwin; 1881, 
William Wales Peck; 1882-3, Charles T. Walker; 1884, John M. Lines: 
1885-6, Elias T. Clark; 1887, Frederick P. Finney; 1888-9, Rollin C. 
Newton; 1890-1, Stephen P. Bradley. 



CHAPTER II. 



TOWN AND CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 



Location and Natural Features. — General Description. — Settlement and Development. — 
Condition at the Beginning of the Present Centurj-. — Statistics. — Municipal Organ- 
ization. — Town Clerks. — City Government. — City Police. — Fire Department. — Water 
Supply. — Public Sewerage. — City Buildings. — Street Illumination. — Trees and 
Parks. — General Business Interests. — Monetary Institutions. — Lawyers and Phy- 
sicians. — Post Office. — Street Railways. — Philantln-opic and Social Institutions. 



NEW HiWEN is the oldest settled part and subdivision of the 
county. It lies west of a center line from north to south, 
upon New Haven harbor and Long Island sound, the latter 
being here twenty miles wide. The town embraces a little more 
than nine square miles and the city about seven. The town's bounds 
are, on the north, the towns of Hamden and North Haven; on the 
east, the town of East Haven; and on the westare the towns of Orange 
and Woodbridge. The larger part of the stirface of the town is a 
slightly elevated sandy plain, but on the west are wooded slopes and 
on the north are the high, abrupt terminations of the trap rock ranges, 
whose craggy faces are familiar objects in the landscape of the county. 
The principal hills are East Rock, 860 feet high; Mill Rock, a spur 
from it, 225 feet high; Pine Rock, a spur of the west range, 271 feet 
high; and West Rock, the highest elevation, having an altitude of 
4()o feet. Between these ranges the plain from the sea shore opens 
into a valley terminating at Northampton, 76 miles distant. East of 
East Rock, and west of the trap rock range of East Haven the plain 
extends into another valley, only about half as long, and terminating 
at Wethersfield, on the Connecticut. In the latter range Beacon hill 
is 100 feet high. All these hills show the effects of the glacial move- 
ments coming down the afore.said valleys and which here pas.sed out 
into the sea. In many places the softer sandstone has been worn 
away, leaving the harder trap rock exposed. These rocks being dis- 
colored, have a reddish appearance, which caused the early Dutch dis- 
coverers to call this locality " Rodeberg" — Red Alountain. 

By the Indians this locality was called Quinnipiac, after the prin- 
cipal stream in the town and which flows through the east valley from 
Farmington. It has also been called the Wallingford river, from its 
flowing through that town. Mill river, the next largest stream, flows 
through the west valley, and West river, after sweeping around the 



98 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

base of West Rock, also bends to the eastward, the three streams unit- 
ing to form New Haven harbor. Between Mill and West rivers lies 
the plain on which the city was begun. The tract east of the former 
stream and the (Juinnipiac was long known as the " New Township," 
and the extreme end of the peninsula was called Grape Vine Point. 
The end of the peninsula formed by the West river and harbor is called 
Oyster Point. 

New Haven Harbor is one of the most spacious and picturesque on 
the coast of New England. It is ^i) miles east of Fort Schuyler, on 
the western part of the sound, and 39 miles from the eastern end of 
the sound. From Boston it is 184 miles, 76 from New York, and 84 
from Hartford. The harbor sets back four miles from Long Island 
sound, and is about a mile in width at its mouth. Its channel is from 
7| feet to 24 feet deep, at low water, and at high tide vessels drawing 
22 feet of water can reach the docks at the upper end of the harbor. 
The national government has lately designated this as a port of refuge 
for vessels on Long Island sound. By building a breakwater 3,800 
feet long, irom the eastern side of the mouth of the harbor, and one 
5,200 feet long from the western side, four square miles of shelter 
harbor will be afforded, in which the largest ocean steamers could 
float. Several millions of dollars will be spent in these improvements 
which, when fully completed, will give this harbor a national 
importance. 

" At the time when the first settlers arrived in this town there was, 
in the mirthwestern region of this harbor, a sufficient depth of water 
for all the ordinary purposes of commerce. vShips were built and 
launched where now there are meadows, gardens and shops. Sloops 
loaded and unloaded where the market now stands. So late as the 
year 17G.5, Long Wharf extended only twenty rods from the shore. It 
extends now three thousand nine hundred and forty-three feet. ■••■ * 
The substance which here accumulates so rapidly is what in this 
country is called marsh mud."- The pleasing appearance of the 
harbor and its adaptation for the purposes of a commercial city, was 
the main reason why this section was first selected for a settlement. 
The plain on which the city was located was also very attractive, 
and the environments, then as now, were of the most pleasing nature. 
Mountains, plains, fresh and tidal waters, are here happily blended, 
making a combination which has permitted the creation of a city 
which has been called the " Pearl of New England." 

" The plain on which the city of New Haven is built is not improb- 
ably a congeries of particles, floated down to this place in early times 
from the interior. Its surface is sand, mixed with loam and gravel; 
beneath this is usually found a stratum of yellow loam. vStill lower, 
at the depth of fifteen or eighteen inches, a ma.ss of coarse .sand 
extends about six feet. * ■■■'■ "' Formerly the surface was covered 

*J. W. Barber, 1835. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 99 

■with shrub oaks, and wild turkeys and partridges were found in great 
numbers. The soil of this plain is dry, warm and naturally unproduc- 
tive, but by cultivation is capable of producing every vegetable suited 
to the climate, and in any quantity." * 

These conditions of location and soil have been very beneficial to 
the continued prosperity and healthfulnessof the community. " New 
Haven has the lowest death-rate of any seaport of its size in the world. 
The natural features of soil, climate and topography are conducive to 
health. Bordering on Long Island sound, the city is swept b}^ an 
abundance of fresh air from over the sea, while the semi-circular 
range of surrounding hills protect it from the severe storms of other 
•directions. Situated within the influence of the Gulf Stream the 
climate is tempered thereby and is mild and salubrious, the mercury 
seldom rising above 85° or falling below 10°. The city is built on a 
'deep and stratified sand and gravel plain, which gives dry streets and 
building sites and the purest water at a moderate depth. The city is 
being well sewered as fast as any locality becomes populated, and 
public improvements and regulations are constantly lowering the 
mortality while the population increases, in defiance of the ordinary 
rule of nature. Typhoid fever, one of the direst enemies of large 
cities, is practically unknown here, and with a population of 80,000 
the present death-rate is but seventeen and four-tenths to the 
thousand." t 

The same writer continues: "The location of New Haven, aside 
from its advantages in a business point of view, is one of many attrac- 
tions. The stranger needs to remain in New Haven but a very short 
time to discover that he is in a very lively, bright and wide-awake 
New England city. New Haven to-day is unquestionably one of the 
most beautiful cities in America, if not in the world, and one which 
the stranger always remembers with pleasure. Nowhere else can be 
found the wealth of broad-spreading, shadow-casting elms possessed 
by New Haven. Its appellation, the City of Elms, is well applied. 
vStreet after street, avenue after avenue, is arched with these noble 
trees. As to beauty and variety of architecture displayed in the dwell- 
ings, nothing anywhere excels it. A vast majority of the houses are of 
wood, while no two, scarcely, are alike. Every style and shape seem 
to have been brought into requisition. As a rule, the residences have 
more or less yard and lawn room, the habit of crowding the buildings 
thickly together, .so often seen in a large city, being con.spicuous by 
its absence. The streets as a general thing, are broad and straight, 
and in most cases cross one another at right angles. In this respect 
New Haven clearly resembles Philadelphia, which, however, it much 
preceded in the use of this method, inasmuch as the original nine 
squares of which New Haven was composed, were laid out years before 
William Penn founded the ' City of Brotherly Love." Like Philadel- 
* J. W. Barber and Doctor Dwight. t James P. McKinney, 1889. 



100 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

phia, too, New Haven has several beautiful public parks scattered 
about the city. The pride and glory of all New Haveners is the 
' green." It occupies the exact center of the city as originally laid out. 
Noble shade trees extend in rows around every side of the enclosure, 
those just outside the fence at the angles having unusual age and size, 
and casting shade accordingly. Broad walks extend diagonally 
through and from side to side of the grounds, and nearly every walk 
has an arch of overhanging trees. The portion of the green left un- 
shaded — less than one-fourth — serves as a play and parade ground, 
and, in summer, possesses all the beauty of a well-kept lawn. The 
loveliness of the spot, doubtless, had much to do with the choice of 
the place as the site of the church edifices of three of the oldest relig- 
ious organizations in New Haven, viz.: Trinity church, Center church, 
and North church, which side by side stand like true guardians of the 
welfare of the city. Temple street, running through the center of 
the green, is probably one of the most symmetrically shaded avenues 
in the world. The arch of elms above it, changing from one manifes- 
tation of beauty to another as the seasons pass, makes a most beautiful 
nature-temple." 

" As a place of residence. New Haven is unsurpassed, if equalled, 
by any other in New England or America. Its velvety lawns, its fine 
drives, its contiguity to the sea shore, its healthfulness, the prevalent 
air of thrift and comfort, apparent even in the dwellings of the middle 
classes, and the numerous, spacious and costly mansions of the rich — 
together with its unsurpassed religious privileges and educational 
facilities — all combine to make this city one of the few spots on earth 
nearly akin to paradise." 

Willis' description of the city's appearance, though written a num- 
ber of years ago, will bear reproduction at this time: " If you were to 
set a poet to make a town, with carte blaiicJic as to trees, gardens and 
green blinds, he would probably turn out very much such a place as 
New Haven. The first thought of the inventor of New Haven was to 
lay out the streets in parallelograms; the second was to plant them 
from suburb to waterside wnth the magnificent elms of the country. 
The result is that at the end of fifty years, the town is buried in leaves. 
If it were not for the spires of churches, a bird flying over on his 
autumn voyage to the Floridas, would never mention having .seen it 
in his travels. The houses are something between an Italian palace 
and an Ivnglish cottage — built of wood, but in the dim light of the 
overshadowing trees, as fair to the eye as marble, with their triennial 
coats of paint; and each stands in the midst of its own encircling 
grass-plot, half buried in vines and flowers, and facing outward from 
a cluster of gardens divided by slender palings and filling up with 
fruit trees and summer liouses the scjuare on whose limit it stands. 
Then, like the vari-colored parallelograms upon a chess board, green 
openings are left throughout the town, fringed with triple and inter- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 101 

weaving elm rows, the long, weeping branches sweeping downward 
to the grass, and with their enclosing shadows keeping moist and cool 
the road they overhang." 

The public buildings of the city are also numerous and very fine. 
Aside from the magnificent structures of Yale University, on the 
campus west of the green, there are, on the opposite side of that 
public place, the handsome city hall, erected in 1861, and still one of 
the best municipal buildings in the state: the county court house, 
erected in 1873 and later, at a cost of several hundred thousand dol- 
lars; the city police building, completed in 1874, and costing $75,000; 
the substantial Free Library, but recently opened, and worth more 
than $100,000. 

In this locality is also the Tontine Hotel, which has a most inter- 
esting history. " It was erected about 1825 by a joint stock company, 
each of whose shares bore the name of a person, and were forfeited 
by the holder to the company upon the death of that person, who was 
called the nominee. It is, in fact, nothing else than a lottery founded 
on human life. There were originally 243 nominees; now after sixty 
years, the number has dwindled down to about 100. When it reaches 
seven, the whole property will be divided among the fortunate holders 
of those shares." ■■ 

On the same street, farther south, is the fine post office and custom 
house, built by the United States, in 1860. Nearly opposite is the 
Hoadley Building, one of the finest private business blocks in the city. 
Other buildings of the same nature, which are fine and co.stly, are the 
large Insitrance Building, the Boardman and Masonic Blocks and the 
buildings of the leading banks and newspapers. 

No city of its size has a greater number or finer public school 
buildings than those of New Haven, the Hillhou.se High School stand- 
ing as a noteworthy example. But the pride and glory of the city is 
Yale University, which has become one of the noblest institutions of 
learning in the entire world. In this country it ranks third in age, 
and is the first in the number of its under-graduates, who are now 
found in all nations. The original college grounds occupy much of 
the western central part of the town plat made by the first settlers. 
Here are many fine collegiate edifices and others are well located near 
by, on principal streets. A few are quaint, being more than a hundred 
years old. But the edifices which most frequently attract attention 
and admiration are of recent construction. Among the most notable 
are the new Chittenden Library Building; the Street Art School, built 
in 1866, at a cost of $175,000; Battell Chapel, built in 1876, at a cost of 
$200,000, and claimed to be the finest college chapel in existence; 
Peabody Museum, comjjleted the same year, at a cost of $175,000, and 
now being enlarged; Alumni Hall; East Divinity Hall, completed in 
1870, at a cost of $180,000; West Divinity Hall, erected in 1874, and 

* Wm. H. Beckford. 



102 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

costing $]G0,(K)O; Sloane Laboratory, erected in 1884, being the most 
thoroughly appointed of any physical laboratory in the Union; Dwight 
Hall, built in 1880, at a cost of $60,()0(), as a home for the University 
Young Men's Christian Association: and a number of fine and costly 
dormitories, of whicli Farnam Hall, built in 1870, was the first of 
those put up in the new system. Of these interests of Yale, a con- 
temporary writer* says: 

" The Librar}', in all its departments, contains more than a hundred 
thousand volumes, and is rapidly becoming one of the largest and 
most valuable in the country. The Art Gallery, in addition to its 
other attractions, contains the original paintings of Col. Trumbull, 
commemorative of leading events in our Revolutionary histor}'. The 
Alumni Hall is used for examinations, and once a year as the dining 
hall of the college, when it dispenses its hospitality to all its alumni. 
The Peabody Museum contains, in a noble edifice, one of the finest 
collections of minerals in the world. At the beginning of this century 
the late Professor .Silliman carried to Philadelphia in a candle box all 
the minerals then belonging to the college, to be designated and 
classified. The buildings occupied by the Sheffield Scientific School, 
as the scientific department of the college is called, are at the upper 
end of College street, and are the gift of the late Joseph E. Sheffield, 
Esq., who also largely contributed to the endowment of the institution. 
The Yale School of Fine Arts occupies a noble building on the college 
grounds, the gift of the late Augustus R. Street, Esq. The Medical 
College on York street, the Law School on Church street, and the new 
Memorial Recitation Hall on Chapel street, are each worthy the atten- 
tion of the intelligent stranger. As a source of actual money profit to 
New Haven Yale University is a marked factor, since at a low esti- 
mate the aggregate disbursements of the l,oO() students for rooms,, 
board, clothing, books, merchandise and other necessaries and luxuries 
amount to upwards of SLOOO.OOO annually, and this divided into forty 
weeks, the college term, makes weekly receipts for the community 
from this source of about $25,000." 

Of the private residences in this old yet modernized town, it is- 
claimed that a large wooden building, on Meadow street, a few rods 
south of Church street, was built in 1642, or four years after the set- 
tlement of the town. In colonial times it was painted blue, many 
other buildings being painted red, and these two colors were the pre- 
vailing ones. The Benedict Arnold house, on Water street, completed 
in 1772, and occupied by that notorious character before the revolu- 
tion, was long a marked object. Nearly all the historic landmarks 
have been swept away by the hand of improvement. 

Of the more modern mansions the Noah Webster house, on the 
corner of Grove and Temple streets, attracts much attention, as being 
the place where the great lexicographer wrote much of his standard 

* James 1'. McKinney. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 103 

dictionary. Many other well-conditioned houses of that period 
remain. Numerous examples of the modern residence are found on 
Hillhouse avenue, which, for its length, is one of the most beautiful 
residence .streets in this country. Here are the homes of a number of 
members of the university faculty. Stately elms overarch this street 
and standing on lawn-like borders, the fine mansions in the back- 
ground form a most pleasing picture. 

Some of the other streets are beautiful to a less degree and tha 
avenues leading to the suburbs add to the attractions of the city. 
Charming drives extend to the rocky shores of Morris Cove, and the 
pleasant resorts of West Rock and East Rock Park. From the sum- 
mits of these mountains extended views of land and sea may be had 
within a few miles of the center of the city. At the latter place New 
Haven's magnificent soldiers' monument towers high above surround- 
ing objects, a noble tribute to the valor and patriotism of the defend- 
ers of the Union. 

On the east side of the harbor are several scenes of historic interest, 
the one nearest the city being Beacon hill, with traces of Fort 
Wooster, built in the war of 1812. A mile below on the site of the 
revolutionary Black Rock Fort, Fort Hale was built in 1809, and was 
garrisoned in the war of 1812. In the civil war it was rebuilt and 
again occupied. It has a commanding position. Below are the two 
lighthouses, the new one being at the extreme end of the cove. These 
objects add to the beauty of the harbor, which even in its pristine 
condition caused the first settlers to exclaim, "This is, indeed, a Fair 
Haven;" and as they here began anew their business ventures as a 
commercial people, the Indian name of Quinnipiac was soon properly 
changed to New Haven. 

The original settlers of Quinnipiac were families of wealth, intel- 
ligence and influence, and these traits have ever characterized the 
inhabitants of New Haven. The leaders were Reverend John Daven- 
port and Theophilus Eaton, who was elected the first governor. Other 
principal men were Samuel Eaton, John Evance, Edward Hopkins, 
David Yale, Stephen Goodyear, William Peck, Ezekiel Cheever, 
Robert Newman, Thomas Gregson, Richard Malbon, Nathaniel 
Turner, Richard Perry, Thomas Kimberley, Thomas Benham, Matthew 
Gilbert, Jasper Crane, George Lamberton, Roger Ailing, John 
Brockett, Robert Seeley, Thomas Fugill, John Punderson, Jeremiah 
Dixon, Joshua Atwater, Edward Wigglesworth, Francis Newman, 
David Atwater, John Cooper, John Moss and Thomas Trowbridge. 
A number of these had been trained to commercial pursuits and many 
of them possessed large estates which permitted them to make costly 
improvements and to supply their homes here with some of the com- 
forts they were accustomed to enjoy in London, from which city most 
of them had emigrated. A greater portion of this company had come 
to Boston in 1637, remaining there until a place for the colony had 



104 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

been selected by Theophilus Eaton and others deputed for that 
purpose. 

The main company of more than 250 souls sailed from Boston for 
this destination March 30th, 1638, and in a fortnight they were at the 
mouth of the Ouinnipiac.-- The vessel passed up the harbor, as it 
then was, entered West creek and landed its passengers in a locality 
now indicated by George and College streets. Here a town plat half 
a mile square was surveyed and divided into nine equal parts, the 
central section being reserved for a market place and meeting house 
green. Uponthe.se quarters, around the green, as a radiating point 
from which the .settlement sought its circumference, the building of 
the city was begun. But to accommodate all with lots two additions, 
nearer the harbor, had to be surveyed, that work also being done by 
John Brockett; and after this out-lots and larger farms were surveyed 
for such as were entitled to them. Some of the wealthier settlers 
built very spacious hou.ses. Governor Eaton's, at the corner of Elm 
and Orange streets was so large that the use of 19 fire places was 
necessary; and in Reverend John Davenport's house, opposite, on the 
south side of Elm street, were 13 fire places. Many of the first houses 
on George street and on the oppo.site hill were two stories high. 

After adopting their church and civil polity, the settlers of New 
Haven endeavored to establish trade with various points, as Boston, 
New York, Virginia, Barbadoes, England and Delaware bay. At the 
latter place trading posts were established on lands which had been 
purchased for the colony in 1640, by Captain Turner. Unfortunately 
this venture not only proved unsuccessful, but was also a costly 
experiment to the colony which had, in 1640, less than 500 inhabitants. 
Other commercial ventures also failed and more attention was paid to 
agriculture. Lands were allotted, and in the list of 1643 appeared the 
names of the planters in New Haven. Four hundred and fi.fteen per- 
sons were enumerated, the taxables being 122 in number. Theophilus 
Eaton had the largest estate, its value being put at ;{:3,000. Mr. 
Davenport's was valued at /:i,00(), and there were eight others having 
estates of the same value, among them being George Lamberton and 
.Stephen Goodyear. Captain Turner's family numbered seven persons 
and his estate was rated at ;^800. Thomas Gregson had six persons 
in his family and an estate of i;600. Lamberton's family also number- 
ed six persons. A con.siderable number of taxables were newly mar- 
ried or single men. 

About this time an effort was made to create an interest in agricul- 
ture. But the people of New Haven were little inclined to its arts, 
and having no .skill for this avocation, failed to reap profitable crops. 
Their commerce, also, further declined and their large estates were 
wasting away. An uncommon effort was now made, in the fall of 
1640, to retrieve these broken fortunes, by gathering up whatever was 
* .See also Chapter I, for account of settlement. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 105 

merchantable and shipping it to England. A ve.ssel of 150 tons 
burden was brought from Rhode Island and fitted up for this voyage, 
upon which such high expectations were based. That her mission 
might be the more properly fulfilled Captain Turner, Mr. Gregson, 
and several more of their principal men decided to accompany Captain 
Lamberton, the master of the vessel. The fate of this ship has been 
graphically portrayed by Longfellow, in his poem, the " Phantom 
Ship." Another account of this ill-fated vessel is concisely given by 
Henry Howe: 

"Captain Lamberton and about seventy others embarked in her, 
among whom were six or eight of their most valued citizens. They 
sailed from New Haven in January, 1647. She was so 'walty,' i.e. 
rolling, that Lamberton, her master, said she would prove their grave; 
and she did. They cut their way out through the ice of the harbor 
for three miles, and with many prayers and tears and heart-sinkings 
set sail. Mr. Davenport, in prayer, used these words: ' Lord, if it be 
th}' pleasure to bury these, our friends, in the bottom of the sea, they 
are thine, save them.' Months of weary waiting passed over and no 
tidings from Europe of ' the great shippe.' vShe was never heard of — 
foundered at sea. The next June, just after a great thunder storm, 
the air being serene, there appeared about an hour before sunset, 
though the wind was northerly — there appeared in the air, coming up 
the harbor's mouth, a ship just like their ' great shippe,' with her sails 
all set as filled under a fresh gale, and continued sailing against the 
wind for half an hour, coming near to the people standing on the 
shore, when suddenly all her sails and masts seemed blown overboard; 
quickly after her hulk brought to a careen and she overset and 
vanished in a smoky cloud. The people declared this was the mold 
of their ship and this her tragic end; and said Mr. Davenport, ' God 
has condescended for the quieting of our afflicted spirits, this extra- 
ordinary account of his sovereign disposal of those for whom so many 
prayers had been made continually.' " 

The loss of this ship was most disastrous to the hopes of the people 
of New Haven, and as the sea had now swallowed up most of their 
estates, they became greatly discouraged. In this state of affairs they 
were led to think of abandoning the country and settling themselves 
elsewhere; but all these purposes came to naught. For years they 
struggled on, a poor people. But the uses of adversity were not in 
vain. Their posterity learned to adapt themselves to the conditions 
which prevailed in this country and many of them having learned to 
become respectable farmers. New Haven flourished no less than her 
neighbors. 

In 1669 the value of the estates here was ^15,402 and the names of 
the freemen, as returned by the con.stables were as follows: Mr. 
William Jones, John Ailing, Mr. James Bishop, William Payne, Mr. 
Matthew Gilbert, John Jackson, Captain John Nash, Nathaniel Merri- 



106 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

man, Mr. vSamuel vStreet, Ralph Lines, William Andrews, Ephraim 
How, Mr. Thomas Yale, Sen , Abraham Dickerman, William Peck, 
Jeremiah Osborne, Roger Ailing, John Gilbert, John Gibbs, Mr. Wil- 
liam Tuttle, Lieutenant Thomas Munson, Mr. Benjamin Ling, John 
Mosse, Thomas Mix, John Cooper, .Sen., John Hall, Sen., Nicholas 
Elsey, William Holt, William Thorpe, James Heaton, Samuel White- 
head, Isaac Beecher, John Brockett, William Wooden, James Russell, 
John Johnson, Henry Glover, John Clark, Jeremiah Whitnell, William 
Wilmot, William Bradley, Joseph ^Lansfield, Philip Leek, Richard 
Sperry, John Harriman, Sen., Ailing Ball, David Atwater, Thomas 
Kimberley, Thomas Morris, Moses Mansfield, William Basset, Jonathan 
Tuttle, John Winston, Jeremiah How, Henry Bristow, Daniel Sher- 
man, Joseph Alsup, John Cooper, Jr., Abraham Doolittle, John 
Thomas, Sen., John Chid.sey, John Miles, Edward Perkins, Mr. John 
Hodshow, Samuel Miles, Mr. Thomas Trowbridge, Isaac Turner, 
Thomas Barnes, James Clark, George Ross, Matthew Moulthrop, 
Timothy Ford, Ellis Mew, John Peck, John Potter, Joseph Peck, James 
Dennison, Samuel Ailing, John Osbill, Thomas Yale, Jr., vSamuel 
Hemingway, Thomas vSanford, Joseph Bradley. 

The following year Wallingford was formed out of this town, which 
decreased its population and wealth, and until 17(i(t the progress was 
slow. In that year there were 807 taxables and the estates were 
valued at /'17,844. In 1720 the property was valued at /'2S,316, much 
of the increase having come in consequence of the location of Yale 
College, which brought people of wealth to the town. 

" The first Commencement exercises in New Haven were held 
September 10, 1718, when ten students were graduated. The first 
college edifice was of wood, 170 feet long, 22 wide, 3 stories high, con- 
tained about 5() studies, was painted 'blue,' really a slate-color, formed 
by mixing lamp-black and white paint. It was taken down m 1782. 
It stood on the corner of College and Chapel streets, on the identical 
spot on the campus where the Yale students now, of Summer evenings, 
sit on the fence in long lines and make the air vocal with song and 
chorus — ' rah I' ' rah !' ' rah.' " •'■ 

This institution was named for Elihu Yale, its fir.st principal bene- 
factor. He wa« a son of David Yale, one of the first settlers, but who 
had returned to Boston, where Elihu was born about 1648. Later 
David Yale and his family and many others of the New Haven mer- 
chants returned to England. When a young man Elihu went to 
India as a merchant, where he became a governor of the East India 
Company and accumulated great wealth. Some of his means were 
dispensed in charity. It is said that his benefaction to the Collegiate 
Institute of New Haven colony was prompted by the following shrewd 
appeal to his benevolence, in a letter to him by Cotton Mather: 

".Sir," said he, "though you have felicities in your family, which 
♦ Henry Howe. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 107 

I pray God continue and multiply, yet, certainly, if what is forming at 
New Haven, might wear the name of Yale College, it would be a 
name better than a name of sons and daughters." Then he adds: 
"And your munificence might easily obtain for you a commemoration 
and perpetuation of your valuable name which indeed would be much- 
better than an Egyptian pyramid." 

Yale died in 1721, and on his tomb at Wrexham, Wales, are the 
following singular lines: 

" Born in America, in Europe bred, 
In Afric traveled and in Asia wed, 
Whei'e long he lived and thrived : in London dead. 
Much good, some ill he did, so hope's all's even, 
And that his soul through mercy's gone to heaven. 
You that survive, and read this tale, take care 
For this most certain exit to prepare, 
Where blest in peace the actions of the just 
Smell sweet and blossom in the silent dust," 

In 1748 there were, according to Wadsworth's map, in the village 
of New Haven, 180 dwellings, of which IBS were unpainted. On the 
green were the meeting house, built in 1688, the county house, built 
in 1717, and near by the jail and Hopkins' Grammar vSchool, which 
had been founded in IBS/). West of the green was Yale College and 
east of it the Blue meeting house. 

From this time on the increase in population and wealth was- 
encouraging until it was interrupted by the revolution. After the- 
war, under the lead of new elements, derisively called interlopers, 
who overcame the conservatism of some of the native born people, 
hitherto at the head of affairs, the place took on new life, and in 1784 
it was incorporated as a city. Three years later, when a cen.sus was 
taken, the city had 614 families living in 466 houses, and, including 
176 Yale students, 3,540 souls. Doctor Dana, in his Century Sermon. 
1801, gives the population at 4,000, of whom 85 were slaves, 11,5 free 
blacks, 48 Indians and mulattoes, 142 foreigners. There were 471 
Congregationalist families, 226 Episcopalian, 7 Catholic, 1 ^Moravian, 
1 Baptist, 7 Methodist, 1 Quaker, 4 Priestlian, and 16 Nothingarian. 
There were 110 stores and 61 vessels: tonnage 5,436. 

In 1811, there were, according to Doctor Dwight, 29 hou.ses con- 
cerned in commerce; 41 dry goods stores; 43 grocery stores; 10 
apothecaries' stores; 1 ship yard: 4 ships' stores; 9 tanners; 2 brass 
founders; 3 comb makers; 2 paper makers; 1 bell founder; 6 clergy- 
men; 16 lawyers; 9 practising physicians; and 1 surgeon. 

But a better idea of the condition of the city and the town, about 
the beginning of the present century, may be obtained from the fol- 
lowing very interesting reminiscences of that period, by James 
Brewster, as prepared by him in 1866, and which are here given per- 
manent place: 



108 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

"At this period, the population consisted of from H.OOO to 6,000 
inhabitants, composed, for the most part, of native 'Americans. It is 
believed that the first Irish family was brought to this city in a vessel 
owned by Messrs. Prescott & Sherman: and these gentlemen were 
threatened with prosecution, for fear the emigrants might become an 
expense to the town; but the man being a mechanic, he with his 
family were provided for by charitable persons. 

" At this time, the Grand List of taxable property, as .shown by 
the records, was but $356,:?72. However, the plan of assessment in 
those days was on a different basis from that of the present time — 
lands being valued by the acre, and houses by the stories they con- 
tained. The Grand List for 1865 showed the valuation to be $29,651,- 
409. The vast difference is accounted for by the great increase of 
population and wealth. Real estate in Chapel .street could have been 
purchased then for thirty to forty dollars per front foot, and in Orange 
and other contiguous streets at from three to five dollars. Common 
laborers received from fifty to seventy-five cents a day, and journey- 
men mechanics from four to six dollars per week, and board them- 
selves. The choice of beef could be obtained for six or seven cents 
per pound: butter for eight or ten cents: and potatoes delivered for 
sixteen cents per bushel. Good board, with washing could be had 
for two dollars and two dollars and fifty cents to five dollars per week: 
transient customers one dollar a day, or even less. 

" Money was very scarce, the resources of this country not having 
yet been developed: consequently a general credit system was 
adopted as a matter of dire neces.sity, business men usually settling 
their accounts once a year by notes, and paying them by installments 
of 25 per cent, each quarter in the year succeeding. IMechanics 
usually paid from two-thirds to three-quarters of their workmen's 
wages by orders on stores. 

" Near the close of the first decade, the New Haven Bank was in- 
corporated, with a capital of $80,000. The sub.scription to the stock 
was acquired only by persevering labor. The first President was Mr. 
David Austin. He was succeeded by j\Ir. Isaac Beers — and he by Dr. 
^5ineas Munson. Colonel Lyon was the first cashier. There were 
then but three banks in the state. The New Haven Bank was located 
first in the chambers of a wooden building on Chapel street, owned by 
the Cashier, and for the use of whicli he charged $5() per annum. The 
bank was subsequently removed to a room in a brick building on the 
same street, also owned by the Casliier. In the year 180!), the building 
on the corner of Chapel and Orange streets was erected, and was 
then considered a very elegant structtire. Although this Bank had a 
Board of Directors, yet the general management was conceded to the 
Cashier, Colonel Lyon. The Bank was then almost exclusively avail- 
able for the accommodation of merchants engaged in shipping, and 
in the sale of dry goods and groceries. There were but few mechanics 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. lOD 

engaged in business at that day who had attained to any prominence 
in means and influence. A young mechanic, having just started for 
himself, offered his note for $400 at the New Haven Bank. The 
President informed him that the note was discounted; but on going 
to the Bank, Colonel Lyon remarked to him: ' Four hundred dollars 
is a good deal of money for a young man; and, in view of this circum- 
stance, I have concluded to make the amount $200.' The Colonel dis- 
criminated very closely in regard to the customers of the Bank. A 
showily-dressed man was sure to receive a negative answer to his 
application ; and mechanics, who understood the secret, often 
exchanged their coats for jackets before going to the Bank for favors. 

" These incidents, though trivial, will .serve to illustrate the subject 
of financial'development, in comparing the present with the ' olden 
time.' 

" Our commerce was principally with the West Indies, though 
successful voj-ages had also been made to the East Indies, and else- 
where. Among those who were prominently engaged in it were Elias 
Shipman. Frederick Hunt & Sons, Gad Peck, Jehiel Forbes, Prescott 
& Sherman, and others. 

"The next most important business was that of merchandise. In 
this were engaged Abram Bradley, Titus Street, Samuel Hughes, of the 
firm of Street & Son, Timothy Dwight & Co., Reuben Rice, Thaddeus 
Beecher, Isaac Beers, David Austin, Abel Burritt, and others. 

" The principal apothecaries were Doctor Darling, Doctor Hotch- 
kiss, and Doctor Lewis. Druggists in those days usually sold oils, 
paints, and other similar articles. 

" The most prominent physicians were Doctors Monson, (Deacon) 
Ives (grandfather of Drs. N. B. and Levi Ives), Hubbard, and a few 
others just beginning to practice. 

" Mr. Eli Whitney, then engaged in the construction of arms for 
the government, was the onl}' manufacturer of prominence. 

" There were many enterprising young men at that day just com- 
mencing business life, who have since become men of wealth and 
influence, among whom may be mentioned Abram Heaton, Hervey 
Sanford, Charles and James Atwater, Ezra and Elias Hotchkiss, Abel 
Burritt, Henry Trowbridge, Timothy Bishop, William H. Elliott, 
William Lyon, Elihu Sanford, &c. Some of these have filled their 
missions, and passed away from earth. 

" As has been before remarked, at the close of the first decade the 
mechanical interests of the city were very limited in amount. Those 
most actively employed in these pursuits were Isaac and Kneeland 
Townsend, tailors; James Bradley, joiner; Messrs. Merriman, Wilmot, 
Zebul Bradley, and Sibley & Marble, goldsmiths and jewelers; Beriah 
Bradley and Major Grannis, and others, boot and shoe makers; John 
Cooke, Luther Bradley, Isaac Mix and Eli Bradley, carriage makers; 
Elias Gilbert, tanner: Hezekiah Hotchkiss and Glover Mansfield, 
hatters. 



1110 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

" It is proper to mention here, that a practical lesson may be 
derived from a statement of the fact that many of the most prominent 
citizens of all professions in New Haven at the close of the first decade 
(as well as those who succeeded them), attained to their eminent 
positions (under Providence) by their own industry, economy and 
-integrity: thus showing that inherited wealth or position is no sure 
passport to success or usefulness: but rather a negative. 

" At the commencement of the second decade, carriages for 
pleasure were considered a great superfluity. There was then but 

■ one public hack (and that a very indifferent one), owned by a Mr. 
Crane; and but one or two private carriages drawn by two horses in 
the city. Those in want of the best carriages tisually went to Hart- 
ford or Newark. The whole annual product of carriages did not 
then exceed §40, ()()<>. The same business in ISHO amounted to over 
f'2,()00,()(lO. 

" In regard" to the moral aspect of the inhabitants, and especially 
of what was termed the masses, it may be stated that they were gener- 
ally intellectually and socially low, and of small means. Intemper- 
ance prevailed to an alarming extent. Public lectures were then 
unknown, and it is believed that no College Professor or Tutor had 
ever gone outside the walls of Yale to address the people. At the 

■ commencement of the second decade, those reverend gentlemen, Drs. 
Beecher and Hewett, gave public lectures on the subject of Temper- 
ance, and of entire abstinence from all intoxicating drinks: and 
although they met much opposition as " fanatics " and '• invaders of 
private rights," yet they exercised a most healthy and elevating influ- 
ence upon the whole community. 

"About the same time the master mechanics formed and incorpor- 
ated the ' Mechanic's Society of New Haven.' Practical lectures were 
delivered by the members before the .Society and elsewhere, and many 
of the employers instituted evening schools for their apprentices. A 
vast improvement was soon manifest in the moral tone of society. 
At this juncture Professor Benjainin vSilliman, assisted by Profes.sor 
Olmsted, gave their united public influence in favor of temperance, 
and the dift'usion of the elements of mechanical science — a detail of 
which, particularly in regard to Professor Silliman's agency in insti- 
tuting the Scientific Lectures at Franklin Hall, would be beyond the 
scope and limit of these ' Reminiscences.' Suffice it to say. that the 
moral power thus exerted has been the great conservative element in 
enhancing the material prosperity, and elevating the social position 

■ of the business men in New Haven. 

"There were then but four buildings used as churches, viz.: a 
wooden structure on the east side of Church street, near Chapel, occu- 
pied by the Episcopalians, whose pastor was Dr. Hubbard; the so- 
called ' First Church,' located about where the Center Church now 
stands, presided over by Dr. Dana, assisted by the Reverend Moses 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. Ill 

Stewart: a frame building, standing about where the North Church 
-now does, known as the ' Old White Meeting House;' and another on 
the east side of Church street, near Ehn, designated the ' Old Blue 
Meeting House.' The members of the two latter places of worship, 
uniting as one Society, met alternately in each church. The Reverend 
Samuel Mervin was their minister. There were no other denomina- 
tions, except a few Methodists who occupied a small room in Gregson 
street. Bishop Jarvis, the then Bishop of Connecticut, resided in Elm 
street. 

" The most prominent members of the legal profession were Pier- 
pont Edwards, James Hillhouse, Charles Chauncey, Simeon Baldwin, 
David Daggett, William Bristol, Judge Mills, Nathan Smith, Seth P. 
Staples, Jonathan [ngersoll, Eleazer Foster, Leonard Wales, Dyer 
White and Hart Lynde. All of these have since died. Their imme- 
diate successors were then either in school, college, or engaged in the 
study of their professions, and many of these have attained to high 
distinction. 

"The public buildings were of little account. The old brick state 
house was located about midway between where the Center and 
Trinity Churches now stand. The college buildings did not possess 
one-half of their present magnitude. The old college chapel, where 
Dr. Dwight preached, is now the observatory. And here the writer 
"would pause to pay his tribute to the memory of that great and good 
"man. His dignity and yet suavity of manner were so marked as to 
have a perceptible effect not only upon the members of college, but 
upon the community at large. No person of fair standing in society, 
whether rich or poor, occupying a public or private position, failed to 
receive his polite recognition. In all his intercourse with the public 
or with individuals, he strove to enforce the importance of integrity. 
In his general prayer, was incorporated this petition: 'Oh, Lord ! give 
us just men to rule over us, who fear God, do justly, love mercy, walk 
humbly, and who will shake their hands from holding bribes.' He 
took a deep interest in the young. His coun.sel to the writer, when 
commencing business, has ever been remembered. ' Young man,' 
said he, ' recollect that anything which is contrary to strict integrit}^ 
is against a person's interest.' Dr. Dwight died in the year 1817, 
universally lamented. He was succeeded in the Presidency of the 
College by Professor Day, now the venerable Dr. Day. 

" There were but few public places of amusement. The principal 
one was ' Mix's Museum,' on the east side of Olive street, fronting 
Court street, which for the time, was a very creditable institution, 
having a fine and well cultivated garden, laid out with much taste. 
In the building were many curiosities and works of art — prominent 
among which were wax figures of notable persons. Everything 
about the establishment was characterized by neatness and order, and 
reflected credit upon the past generation. 



112 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

" Of hotels, the most noted was that kept by Mr. Justus Butler, on 
the corner of Church and Crown streets, now the • Franklin Building.' 
From the front steps of this house. General Lafayette was introduced 
to, and shook hands with, the citizens of New Haven. The next m 
importance was located near where the 'Tontine' now stands,_and 
called • Ogden's Coffee Hou.se.' Another was known as ' Nichols' 
Stage House,' and was situated in George street near State. And 
still another, called ' Miles' Tavern,' in the wooden building now 
occupied in part by Mr. Pease as a book store. 

" Singular as it may seem, although the beginning of the war with 
Englancf in 1812 was embarrassing in many respects, yet public and 
private enterprise seemed to be quickened by it. Previous to this 
period, everything had assumed a .stereotyped shape, and any change 
excited surprise. A stranger walking our streets created consider- 
able astonishment, and an immediate inquiry as to his name, residence 
and probable business, ensued. 

'• At that time, our coast was blockaded by the British, and all 
means of travel and transportation by water were considered extremely 
hazardous. A packet venturing to leave 'Long Wharf for New 
York, with some of our prominent business men aboard, was.captured 
m the Sound by an English cruiser. Great alarm and excitement 
prevailed in town, which subsided only when both vessel and pas- 
sengers were ransomed bv the payment of what was then considered 
a large sum in specie. Still, at no period in our history, was there 
ever evinced so much public spirit. The three churches of our 
beautiful 'Green- were erected at a cost of nearly $100,000. Especially 
is this remarkable when we remember the limited means and resources 
of the inhabitants. A man worth $40,000 was considered very wealthy; 
and it is said that no estate exceeding $100,000 in value had then ever 
been administered upon. A salary of $500 or $1,000 per annum found 
many earnest applicants. Let us award all due honor to those enter- 
prising citizens, who have left us so worthy an example ! Let us 
often Took at those churches as a powerful incentive to public enter- 
prise, and moral and physical development ! 

"As an important element of pro.sperity, in diffu.sing information, 
and building up society, mention must be made of the public press. 
The Conuciticut Journal and Connecticut Herald (weeklies) were then 
the onlv jmpers published. 

"As an instance of how a supposed calamity eventuated m a great 
benefit, it may be well to state that business enterprise was consider- 
ably enhanced during hostilities by the issuing on the part of the 
government of a large amount of money for circulation, and the in- 
creasing of the circulation of the local banks. (_)n the face of bills 
was inscribed, ' Pavable in two years after the war.' 

" A negative and depressing effect upon credit was the existence 
of what was termed the 'Grab Law,' by which an attachment upon 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 113 

property could be made available for the benefit of the attaching 
creditor. Upon mere suspicion, maliciously, and without notice, the 
reputation and hopes of many a deserving young- man were destroyed. 
This law was repealed, and another substituted, making a pro-rata 
rule for the benefit of creditors. 

" Before concluding, it will be deemed not inappropriate to allude 
to a subject which, at the time, was fraught with great interest to all 
of the citizens of New Haven. About the commencement of the 
second decade our public burial ground was situated in the rear of 
the Center Church. It was enclosed by a dilapidated board fence, and 
was considered by strangers and others as discreditable to the city. 
In the year 1796, the Honorable James Hillhouse conceived the proj- 
ect of establishing a new cemetery. Associating with himself thirty- 
one of our prominent citizens, a lot was .secured for that purpose. 
Additions to this were made from time to time, both by purchase and 
by the aid and co-operation of the city, till in 1822 it had attained to 
its present dimensions. Public opinion having been averse to build- 
ing a new fence around the old cemetery, an arrangement was made 
with the city to remove the monuments to the new grounds. The 
whole subject caused great anxiety and excitement at the time. How- 
ever, this was consummated; and on the morning of the 26th of June, 
182] , a great concourse of people assembled at the Center church to 
engage in appropriate exercises, and to listen to an address prepared 
by Abraham Bishop, Esq. It was replete with eloquent and impres- 
sive sentiments. The clergy of the various denominations were 
present; and the occasion was long to be remembered. Mr. James 
Hillhouse acted as chairman and chief manager, and superintended 
the transfer of the monuments. In the year 1845, the corner-stone of 
the beautiful gateway was laid with proper ceremonies. The project 
of a new cemetery was conceived by Honorable James Hillhouse, and 
finally consummated by the Honorable Aaron N. Skinner, whose 
public spirit and good taste and good judgment were for so long a 
period at the service of the city of his adoption. 

" How few of those among us remember the space between the 
Center Church and the present State House, covered with the monu- 
ments of our forefathers! What a moral does it teach of the brevity 
of human life ! Let us who survive cherish this lesson with reverence 
and submission ! Let us give our influence and agency in perpetuating 
the institutions founded by our fathers to promote morals and religion, 
law and government. "'-^ 

* In November, 1866, James Brewster, the author of the foregoing, died in 
New Haven at the age of 78 years. He was one of the most useful men that ever 
lived in the city, his'public spirit always seeking some opportunity to benefit his 
fellow men. He was thus prompted to found and maintain several benevolent 
institutions. He came to New Haven in ISO!) and was one of the pioneer carriage 
manufacturers of the city, aiding to develop that industry until it was the principal 
one in the city. His sons, James B. and Henry, removed to New York where 
they became the principal carriage manufacturers in the United States. 



114 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Under the stimulus of steamboat navigation, begun in I8I0, the 
operation of the Farmington canal in 1829 and the development of 
the railway system since 1839, until there are now six important 
lines, New Haven has grown and prospered, becoming the largest 
city in the state. The following statistics indicate the general increase: 

Population: 1787, 3,.54(); 1790, 4,448; 1800, ri,157; 1810, 6,967; 1820, 
8,327; 1830, 10,678; 1840, 1.5,820; 1850, 22,529; 1860, 39,277; 1870, 50,840; 
1880, 62,880; 1890, 86,095. 

The valuation of the building improvements the past twenty years 
has been as follows: 1871, $1,653,910; 1872, $1,739,030; 1873, $1,317,2.")0; 
1874, $968,105; 1875, $1,086,6.50; 1876, $590,075; 1877, $946,470; 1878, 
$417,.500; 1879, $624,000; 1880, $415,.59i); 1881, $694..5.-)0; 1882, $1,035,850; 
1883, $958,3.")0; 1884, $1,015,310; 1885, 1,088,375; 1886,1,078,131; 1887, 
$1,253,8.50; 1888, $1,481,625; 1889, $1,.513,()75; 1890, $1,455,685; total, 
$21 ,339,606. 

The following was prepared for the Chamber of Commerce, in 1889, 
as a summar}- of the property valuation of the city; Dwelling houses, 
$28,672,503; lands, $3,485,663; stores, $4,247,364; factories, $3,791,638; 
horses, $228,435; carriages, $193,3.38; time-pieces, $53,295; pianos and 
mt:sical instruments, $86,060; furniture and libraries, $189,426; amount 
invested in business, $2,967,987; amount invested in manufacturing, 
$2,198,796; amount invested in vessels and commerce, $592,777; bank 
stock, $2,156,367; insurance stocks, $399,100; state stocks. $43,460: 
bridge stocks, $1,790; western farm loans, $83,650; railroad bonds, 
$490,623; city bonds, .§98,931; amount at interest, $376,408; amount on 
deposit, $310,391; other taxable property, $161,947. On a fair valua- 
tion the real value of the real estate and buildings is at least double 
the amount credited them, or $80,000,000, making the real value of the 
city in the close neighborhood of $100,000,000. 

vSoon after landing at New Haven the settlers adopted a plantation 
covenant, under which they were governed until after the meeting 
of June 4th, 1639, when the civil polity was more clearly defined under 
the terms of the fundamental agreement, which was at that time 
solemnly adopted. Conforming to its provisions, the church was 
organized August 22d, 1639, and the civil government October 25th, 
1639. At this meeting it was decided that the annual elections 
should be held in the last week of October. 

At the meeting held the following month, the first tax was levied 
to raise means to build a meeting house which should be used for all 
the public purposes of the community. The rate of the levy was 30 
shillings on .{^100 of valuation. 

At the November, 1()39, meeting arrangements were also made for 
the proper disposition of the public lands, and a proprietor's com- 
mittee was appointed which was entrusted with those matters. This 
corporation has been continued ever since. Six divisions of land were 
made between 1675 and 1722. Besides the distribution of the land 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 115 

among the settlers, much of the town's business was devoted to the 
regulation of matters pertaining to live stock. The proper care or 
restraint of animals gave the town much concern. Military matters, 
also, received a large share of attention. Orders for the formation of 
a company were promulgated in November, 1639, and the following 
year the .system was completed by the establishment of a regular 
watch. 

Closely connected with the military, but also acting independent 
of that service was the town drummer, who was among the first 
■official appointees and for whose support the town was taxed £o per 
year. Robert Bassett first served in that capacity, and besides beating 
his drum to announce the usual town and religious meetings, he was 
required to beat the drum at sunset and every morning half an hour 
before the break of day. Being a bold, rolicking fellow, he was prob- 
ably well fitted for this work. This office, in the course of years, 
became obsolete, in consequence of the use of church bells. Many 
other offices were created and filled, as the town grew in population, 
until the officials numbered several .score. 

Tithingmen have been elected for congregational societies almost 
from the beofinninsf, few other societies continuing this office after 
1866. Such officers were first elected for the Baptists and the Metho- 
dists in 1821; the Episcopalians in 1883; the Catholics in 1836: and the 
Hebrews in 1849. 

The office of townsman or selectman was created by the town 
•court, November 17th, 1651, when the following action was taken: 

■' Itt was propounded that there might be some men chosen to con- 
sider and carry on the towne affaires, that these meetings, which spend 
the towne much time may not be so often. The court approved the 
motion and chose one out of each Quarter to this work, viz.: Fi'ancis 
Newman, John Cooper, Jarvise Boykin, Mr. Atwater, William Fowler, 
Richard Miles. Henry Lindon, Thomas Kimberley and Matthew 
Canfield, which are to stand in this Trust until the Towne Election in 
May come twelve month; and they are by this court authorized to 
be Townesmen to order all matters about Fences, Swine and all other 
things in the generall occasions of the Towne, except extraordinary 
charges, matters of Election in May yearly, and the disposeing of the 
Towne's land." 

It will be seen that originally the business of the townsmen was to 
look after the interests of the agricultural classes, a townsman being 
appointed for every section. In le.lS the number in this office was 
reduced to seven — the number still elected — but in the time of the 
revolution it was increased to thirteen. In 1660 the powers of the 
townsmen were first enlarged and since that time they have been 
much increased. The office of town agent has been distinct since 1848. 

The affairs of the town have become very important, requiring an 
outlay of more than $400,000 per year to properly carry them on. 



116 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Much of this expense arises from the care of the poor and those 
dependent on the town's support. In 1788 the town followed the 
custom then and later so prevalent, of selling the poor to the lowest 
responsible keepers, but soon adopted other measures to maintain 
them. Among other means at present used is the almshouse, but 
recently occupied, and which was erected at a cost of $210,00i). It 
stands on the Springside Farm of 257 acres, lying east of West Rock, 
in the town of Hamden, but which by special act was annexed to New 
Haven. The entire inventory of the farm and the buildings on it, 
with the attendant property is $252,727. The construction of a town 
workhouse is contemplated and an appropriation to begin such a 
building has been made. 

The first deed in the land records in the town is dated February 
3d, 1G78, and is attested by John Nash, recorder. His signature was 
last affixed April 22d, 1687. In August, that year, William Jones 
became the recorder, and served until May, 1695. John Ailing was 
his successor from July, 1695, until September, 1697, when the title of 
the office was changed to clerk. Ailing continued to serve in the 
latter capacity until 1716, when Samuel Bishop was appointed. The 
subsequent clerks were elected: 1747, Samuel Bishop, Jr.; 1801, Elisha 
Munson; 18S2, John Scarritt; 1843, Alfred Terry; 1856, Sylvanus 
Butler; 1863, Milton S. Leonard; 1864, Frank D. Sloat; 1865, M. S. 
Leonard; 1868, John Cunningham; 1873, Frederick Bottsford; 1876, 
Truman S. Foote; 1877, Frederick Bottsford; 1880, Edwin W. Cooper; 
1883, William M. Geary; 1884, Philip Hugo; 1887, John J. Clerkin; 
1888, Theodore H. McDonald; 1889, Frederick H. Brethauer. 

Of the territory in the town of New Haven, only the Westville 
section and that part of the town lying east of the Ouinnipiac, which 
was annexed from East Haven in 1881, are solely under the town 
government. The other parts have a dual government, being also 
subject to the rule of the city authorities. 

The town of New Haven long maintained its large area, which 
embraced all the present adjacent towns. The rural population did 
not increa.se in the same ratio as that of the village of New Haven, 
nevertheless, they still held the controlling vote, and the villagers 
found it difficult to secure the improvements they wanted and needed. 
Hence, soon after the French and Indian wars, when an impetus was 
given to the business of the place, an effort was made to secure the 
incorporation of the village as a city. The town did not oppose this 
step, but, at a meeting held December 9th, 1771, sanctioned it, and a 
large committee, headed by Roger Sherman, was appointed to investi- 
gate the matter and report on the propriety. But no record of definite 
action has been preserved and probably none was reached. Nothing 
further was done until after the revolution. In October, 1783, a peti- 
tion to the general as.scmbly, signed by 214 persons, prayed for a city 
charter, but that body postponed action. At the urgent solicitation of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 117 

the town, in January, 1784, the matter was at once taken up and on 
the 8th day of that month a charter was duly granted to " The Mayor, 
Aldermen, Common Council and Freemen of the City of New Haven." 
The first election was held January 21st, 1784, those chosen being the 
following: Mayor, Roger Sherman; sheriffs, Elias Stillwell, Parsons 
Clarke; collector of taxes, Joseph Peck; treasurer, Hezekiah Sabin; 
city clerk, Joseph Meigs; aldermen, David Austin, Isaac Beers, Samuel 
Bishop, Thomas Howell; councilmen, James Hillhouse, Pierpont 
Edwards, Jeremiah Atwater, Abraham Augur, Henry Daggett, Stephen 
Ball, Ebenezer Beardsley, Joseph Bradley, Abel Burritt, Joel Gilbert, 
Joseph Howell, Jonathan Ingersoll, Timothy Jones, Eneas Monson, 
James Rice, Elias Shipman, Joseph Thomson, MichaelTodd, Ebenezer 
Townsend, John Whiting. " Though many honorable and talented 
individuals have been connected with the city government since then, 
there has, probably, never been a time when so many remarkable 
men were united in its various offices and boards, as was the case in 
the first year of its operation."* They will be recognized as the prin- 
cipal men of New Haven at that period. The city government was 
organized on the 18th of February following, and since that time its 
organic existence, with many modifications, has been maintained. 

New Haven was the fifth incorporated city in the United vStates, 
only New York, Philadelphia, Albany and Richmond having charters 
granted earlier, and this was the first incorporated city after the in- 
dependence of the colonies was recognized. It was earlier under 
corporate rule than Boston or the other bay towns, older than New 
Haven. 

The territory comprised within the limits of the city was desig- 
nated as that " lying between the Ouinnipiac and the West Rivers and 
between the Mill River Meadows and the Harbor." The line was 
described from a point at Lewis' bridge. The territory outlying was 
the town of New Haven proper, yet the entire area was, to a certain 
extent, subject to town rule. This form of dual government has been 
maintained to the present time, perhaps to the disadvantage of the 
community, since the area of the town outside of the city is so small, 
that nothing but respect for the traditions of the past seems to demand 
this arrangement. In the course of years the eastern part of the 
" Neck," lying between the Quinnipiac and Mill rivers was taken out 
of the city limits and set to the town. But in 1870 it was re-united to 
the city. 

Up to 1853 the city had no division into wards, but that year four 
wards were created. In 1857 the number was made six; in 1874 ten; 
and in 1877 twelve, the present number. Each ward is entitled to 
elect two aldermen and three councilmen, which collectively constitute 
the court of common council. 

At first the city government assumed but few functions, limiting 

* William H. Beckford. • 



lis HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

its efforts to the better care of the public property, the regulation of 
the markets, and in a feeble way the improvement of the streets, and 
the due regulation of the internal police. In the exercise of the first 
prerogative the city soon assumed the control of the public green and 
in 1799 passed laws restraining the running of geese on those grounds 
and also restricted unruly Yale College students. In 1809 it indicated 
to the proprietors of the town, that the right to grant the erection of 
buildings on the green was vested in it only, and granted liberty to 
the Methodists to set up a church on the northwest corner, and by a 
subsequent act confirmed that grant. But the city long bore a village- 
like appearance; indeed, it was not until about 1860 that the place 
began to be regulated as a city. Many improvements were then made 
or projected and an earnest endeavor was made to improve every 
department of the service. With the enlarged powers granted by the 
charter of 1807 that was made possible. A still more comprehensive 
charter was secured in 1869; and the present liberal one in 1881. It is 
the fifth since the incorporation of the city and has been amended to 
keep it apace with the growing demands of the city. One of the most 
important amendments was that of 188(:) authorizing the issue of bonds 
to the amount of $100,000 for a free library and permitting the yearly 
appropriation of $10,000 for its maintenance. In 1889 an amendment 
was secured permitting an expenditure of $200,000 on the extension 
of the public park system. 

Under the first charter the mayor was chosen by the freemen, but 
he held his office at the pleasure of the legislature. His duty, among 
other things, was to preside over the city coui-ts, having two of the 
senior aldermen as assistants, and having powers somewhat similar to 
the court of common pleas. In 1842 the charter was amended to 
create a new judicial office, called the recorder's court, and that 
arrangement was continued until 1869, when the new charter abolished 
the recorder's court and created the present city court. The judges 
and assistants of this court are appointed by the legislature of the 
state. In this connection it may be noted that in 1791, the city began 
the building of a workhouse, to which were consigned criminals of 
every species and al.so insane persons; but after fifty years the latter 
found separate provision for them in the state asylums. 

In September, 1784, the streets of the city were first officially named, 
many of them up to that time bearing only local designations. The 
improvement of the streets and sidewalks progressed slowly. Many 
of the ordinances on that matter were disregarded. In 1834 a super- 
intendent of sidewalks was appointed, whose efforts aided to bring 
about a better condition in that respect. In more recent years, there 
have been vast outlays on the streets, the expenditures for building, 
repairing and cleaning being more than $100,000 per year. Much of 
the credit for the improved condition of the city is due to those who 
have served as mayors. In most instances they have been leading 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 119 

citizens and filled the office from a desire to serve or advance the 
best interests of the city. The following- have been the mayors of 
New Haven: Honorable Roger Sljerman, from February 10th, 1784 to 
1793: Samuel Bishop, from August 19th, 1793 to 1803; Elizur Goodrich, 
from September 1st, 1803 to 1822; George Hoadly, from June 4th, 
1822 to 1826; Simeon Baldwin, from June 6th, 1826 to 1827; William 
Bristol, from June 5th, 1827 to 1828; David Daggett, from June 2d, 
1828 to 1880; Ralph I. Ingersoll, from June 1st, 1830 to 183l"; Dennis 
Kimberley, from June 7th, 1831 to 1832; Ebenezer Seeley, from June 
5th, 1832 to 1833; Dennis Kimberley, from June 4th, 1833 [Decl.]; 
Noyes Darling, from June 10th, 1833 to 1834; Henry C. Flagg, from 
June 3d, 1834 to 1839; Samuel J. Hitchcock, from June 3d, 1839 to 1842; 
Philip S. Galpin. from June 6th, 1842 to 1846; Henry Peck, from June 
1st, 1846 to 1850; Aaron N. Skinner, from June 3d, 1850 to 1854; 
Chauncey Jerome, from June 5th, 1854 to 1855; Alfred Blackman,from 
June 4th, 1855 to 1856; Philip S. Galpin, from June 2d, 1856 to 1860; 
Harmanus M. Welch, from June 4th, 1860 to 1863; Morris Tyler, from 
June 2d, 1863 to 1865; Erastus Scranton, from June 6th, 1865 to 1866; 
Lucien W. Sperry, from June 5th, 1866 to 1869; William Fitch, from 
June 1st, 1869 to ]870; Henry G. Lewis, from June 7th, 1870 to 1877; 
William R. Shelton, from January 1st, 1877 to 1879; Hobart B. Bigelow, 
from January 1st, 1879 to 1881; John B. Robertson, from January 1st, 
1881 to 1883; Henr}' G. Lewis, from January 1st, 1883 to 1885; George 
F. Holcomb, from January 1st, 1885 to 1887; Samuel A. York, from 
January 1st. 1887 to 1889; Henry F. Peck, from January 1st, 1889 to 
1891; Joseph B. Sargent, from January 1st, 1891 . 

The city clerks have been: 1784-9, Josiah Meigs; 1789-1800, 
Simeon Baldwin; 1800-5, John Skinner; 1805-41, Elisha Munson; 
1841-4, Edward C. Herrick; 1844-50, Joseph Wood; 1850-4, Alfred H. 
Terry; 1855, James M. Woodward; 18.")6-7. James D. Keese; 1858-9, 
Samuel C. Blackman; 1860-4. William Downes; 1865-6, DeWitt C. 
Sprague; 1866-9, William Downes; 1870, Gideon H. Welch; 1871-2, 
Timothy J. Fox; 1873, James L Hoyes; 1874-7, John S. Fowler; 
1878-9, Seth T. Seeley; 1880-1, Charles T. Morse; 1882-4, James P. 
Pickett; 1886-7, Timothy J. Crowley; 1888-9, Leonard J. Shanley; 
1890-91. Edward Downes. 

The office of city auditor was established in 1835 and since 1883 
John W. Lake has filled that position. 

For many years Harmanus Welch was the treasurer, filling that 
office at the time of his death in 1889. Since the first of 1890 the 
treasurer has been Ezekiel G. Stoddard. 

One of the reasons urged for the incorporation of the city was the 
desire to better regulate "the internal police." But it does not appear 
that this laudable purpose was realized. Regular, special and night 
" watches " were appointed, but in many years their employment was 
almost discontinued. The constables and special constables appointed 



120 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

for unusual occasions, were the main reliance to preserve the peace. 
In the period of railway building, when there was a great influx of 
foreign elements, a regular watch was established. In 1848 it con- 
sisted of ten men and Jobamah Gunn was the captain. A few j^ears 
later Major Lyman Bissell, a retired ofiicer of the Mexican war, was 
in command of the watch, numbering in all but eight men. In his 
administration, March 17th, 1854, occurred a celebrated riot between 
the town element and Yale students, which at one time seriously 
threatened the peace of the city. For a number of years previous 
there had been occasional encounters between the rowdy elements of 
the city and Yale. The former found many willing recruits among 
the sailors and roustabouts of Long Wharf, who relished nothing 
better than a free fight. On the night named, a body of some fifty 
students were in attendance at Homan's theatre, the only place of 
amusement of the kind in the city. As they issued from the hall in a 
bodv, for mutual protection, they were jeered by a howling mob of 
more than a thousand town boys, who would have violently treated 
them, if they had not been held in check by the small force of police. 
By the advice of Bissell the students kept together on the south pave- 
ment of Chapel street, walking, two by two, up toward the college. 
When opposite Trinity church they started singing their great college 
song; " Gaiidcauiits;' i. c. " Let us rejoice while we're young," when 
the mob, which had rolled up against them, filling Chapel street, gave 
them a volley of brickbats, which knocked down some of the students 
and injured others. Picking up their comrades they proceeded on 
their way, when another attack was made, but as before the students 
kept on their way, and had nearly reached the top of the hill when 
the ringleaders of the mob left the street and rushed upon them. Now 
for the first time the students acted in defense, iiring several pistol 
shots into the ranks of the town mob. 

" Several of the rabble were wounded, and the chief leader, Patrick 
O'Neil, fell, stabbed to the heart with a dagger by one of the students, 
who, it was supposed, struck in self defence. The mystery of his 
death and the murderer was never cleared up, but it was generally 
considered that he provoked and deserved his sad fate. During the 
ensuing confusion the students reached the campus and dispersed to 
their rooms. When it was known that their leader was killed, the 
mob became uncontrollable. With terrific bowlings they surrounded 
South College, and drew up an old cannon, filled to the muzzle with 
ball, grape-shot, stones, bricks, etc., to batter down the walls. But 
through the masterly skill of Major Bissell, the gun had been spiked 
on the way up. This alone saved old South from destruction: on the 
second and third stories of which the students were silently gathered, 
behind thick barricades, and heavily armed with every weapon 
obtainable, ready to give their assailants a warm reception. After 
they had hooted and bombarded the windows with brickbats for 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 121 

hours, the rabble were finally dispersed by Major Bissell and his men. 
This was the most unprovoked and cowardly of all the assaults, but 
none of the offenders were ever arrested, though it was barely stopped 
in time to prevent New Haven from witne.ssing mob-rule of the most 
lawless description." * 

In Jul}-, 1861, the police system of the city was reconstructed and 
the present department properly formed. Jonathan W. Pond was 
appointed the chief; Wales French, captain; and O. A. Monson, lieu- 
tenant. There were at that time twelve patrolmen. In September, 
that year, the police were for the first time properly uniformed. 

Charles W. Allen was the chief of police 1S77-9, and first instituted 
regular drills, by means of which he brought the force to a high state 
of efficiency. Since July, 1885, the chief of police has been Charles 
F. Bollman, and under his direction the police compares favorably 
with that of any other city of the same size in this country. More than 
a hundred patrolmen are on the force, whose annual pay roll is about 
$12.-), 000. The entire expenses of the department are about $138,000. 

The police courts were held in the city hall imtil 1873, since when 
they have been held in a chamber of the new police building, on 
Court street. A " Black Maria " for the use of the department was 
procured in the latter year. The Grand street police building was 
erected in 1883 for the use of the precincts in that part of the city; 
and the following year the Gamewell system of police signal and tele- 
phone was introduced, and a number of station boxes erected in dif- 
ferent parts of the city and one in East Park. 

The Fire Department of the city of New Haven dates its existence 
from 1789. On the last day of that year, the corporation appointed 
James Hillhouse, Jeremiah Atwater, Josiah Burr, Colonel Joseph 
Drake, Benjamin Sanford and Joseph Howell, fire wardens. It also 
purchased two fire engines, made by Ebenezer Chittenden of New 
Haven, and companies were that year formed to man them. Each 
company had 17 men. The machines used were simple affairs and 
the service of the department was very limited. In 1810 its capacity 
was increased by the formation of a hook and ladder company; and 
four years later a company of sackmen was formed, which included 
among its members the most trusty and influential men of the city. 
It was a sort of salvage corps, its object being to sack up property at 
fires and carry it to a place of safety. 

Six years later, October 27th, 1820, occurred the first great fire of 
New Haven. In its extent and the amount of property destroyed it 
was a great calamity to the city. On the night of that day, a building 
on Long Wharf took fire and before the flames could be stayed the 
entire wharf was fire swept. In the language of a local poet : 
" The wharf was four rods wide, 
The fire did rage from side to side." 
* Beckford's New Haven, Past and Present. 



122 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Thirty buildings, many of them stores filled with molasses, rum and 
other goods from the West Indies, warehouses and four lumber yards- 
were destroyed. The losses have been variou.sly estimated from 
$70,000 to a quarter of a million dollars. 

The catastrophe had the effect of stimulating the improvement of 
the fire department, as well as increasing its working force. In 1833 
six companies were reported, having 214 men and with those belong- 
ing to the hook and ladder company and the sackmen, the department 
was three hundred men strong. In ISSaanother company was formed 
in Fair Haven, whose engine subsequently became No. 8 in the city 
department. A hook and ladder company was formed in the same 
place in 1837. 

On the 22d of March, 1839, the splendid steamboat " New York " 
was burned to the water's edge while lying at the dock at New 
Haven. An effort to save her proved in vain. 

On the 30th of October, 1841, the unfriendly feeling which had 
long existed between Yale students and the firemen of the city 
culminated in a quarrel, which led to the arrest of several of the 
students and the subsequent attempt of other students to seek 
revenge by the destruction of firemen's property. A large company 
of students stormed the engine house in the neighborhood of the 
college, demolished the engine, cut the hose in pieces, etc., etc. The 
firemen .sought to retaliate by gathering in a great crowd and threat- 
ening to storm the college. But they were dissuaded from their pur- 
pose, and the college authorities settled the matter by paying $700 for 
the damages done. Unfortunately this did not end the matter, and 
feelings of resentment were cherished until they ended in a tragedy 
February 9th, 1858. On that day occurred a wordy altercation 
between some students, members of the "Crocodile Club," of the 
junior class, and the firemen of Engine Company No. 2, which termin- 
ated in a fierce fight. All sorts of weapons were used, and in the 
excitement which followed Assistant Foreman William Miles was shot 
and killed. Several of the students were arrested and placed under 
bonds, but, through the mediation of the faculty, this case was also 
settled. They ordered the club to disband and purchased the engine 
house, so that the company removed to another locality. In the more 
stirring and patriotic events of the civil war, which .soon followed, 
these bitter feelings were forgotten, and have not since been revived. 

These troublesome events came in the last days of the volunteer 
system. In ISOO the city began the u.se of steam fire engines, and m 
1801-2 the fire department was thoroughly remodeled and placed 
under the control of a board of six commissioners. Since that time 
its efficiency has been steadily increased. Albert C. Kendrick has 
been the chief engineer since 1805, and the present department has 
been practically created in his administration. As now organized it 
had its first review September 27th, 1805. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 123 

The following year was characterized by many destructive fires, 
among them being: January 10th, 1866, the carriage factory of George 
T. Newhall, loss $30,00(1: the New Haven Clock Factory, April 30th, 
1866, loss $131,724; the Plant Manufacturing Company, December 7th, 
1866, loss §190,079. About one-half of the aggregate loss was covered 
by insurance. 

In October, 1868, the city began the use of the Game well Fire 
Alarm vSystem, which was introduced at a cost of §10,000. It has 
aided in reducing the losses by fire very considerably. 

Among the more recent disastrous fires have been the following: 
N. Y.. X. H. & H. R. R. machine shop, January 1st, 1869, loss $157,550: 
fire at L. Candee Rubber Company's works, November 19th, 1877, loss 
$520,905; Edward Malley's store, spring of 1882, loss $189,873. Prob- 
ably the above were insured for two-thirds of the amounts named, 
which still left a large loss for the years named. 

The city expends yearly from $75,000 to $90,000 on this depart- 
ment, whose present condition, compared with what it was a quarter 
of a century ago, is thus shown by Chief Kendrick: 

186.5. 1890. 

Population of the city 4:3,000 86,000 

Number of steam fire engines 3 ^ 

Number of horse hose tenders 3 8 

Number of hand hose carriages 2 

Number of hook and ladder trucks 1 2 

Number of feet of hose 9.000 17,000 

Number of engine company houses -j ''' 

Number of hose company houses 2 1 

Number of hook and ladder company houses 1 3 

Number of horses 9 35 

Number of fire hydrants 237 754 

Number of permanent men 7 67 

Number of substitutes — 30 

Number of fire alarm boxes — 104 

Number of reserve or spare apparatus — 4 

Number of fires 38 159 

Losses during the year §74,301 860,753 76 

Insurance paid 31.800 57,803 54 

Loss over insurance '■ 42,4!15 2,800 00 

Valuation of fire department property 80,130 292,994 00 

The nature of the soil at New Haven permitted wells to be easily 
dug, and there was a copious supply of water by that means for more 
than two hundred years. These wells were from five to twenty feet 
deep and the quality of the water, when the city was small, was good. 
Several thousand are still in use. When the city was founded there 
were several springs near the center, one of them being in the lower 
part of the green, around which, for many years, was an alder swamp. 
It is supposed that this abundance of water and the ease of digging 
wells was one of the reasons why this plain was selected as the site 



124 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

for the homes of the first settlers instead of Oyster Point, whose topog- 
raphy would more naturally commend it for a sea-coast town. At 
the latter place it was found difficult to dig wells. 

The question of an exterior water supply was long agitated as a 
sanitary measure, necessitated by the rapidly increasing population, 
and in 1849 the New Haven Water Company was chartered to serve 
this need. The company failing to build works, the charter was 
amended to permit the city to construct thein, and from 18.52 to 1854 
the project was before the public for its approval. The propositions 
were defeated, and in 1856 the old company a.ssigned its charter to 
Eli Whitney and others, who reorganized the company, and, largely 
through Mr. Whitney's efforts, the work of construction was begun 
in the spring of 1860. 

The old dam at WhitneyYille was made the base for the works, 
and was raised to afford an immense reservoir." The works were 
completed at a cost of several hundred thou.sand dollars, and water 
was first introduced into the 18 miles of mains laid January 1st, 1862. 
That year the city made a contract with the company for its water 
supply for twenty years for the tise of the fire department, with 
privilege to purchase the works at the close of that time. But a 
proposition to that end was defeated by the citizens of New Haven, 
and the city has .since procured its water supply from the above com- 
pany at an outlay of $16,000 per year. 

The company has added to its original .source of supply at Mill 
river, the waters of Maltby lake, in the northwestern part of the city, 
Saltonstall lake, in the town of East Haven, and the West river above 
We.stville, m the town of Woodbridge. The -summer resouixes of 
these four places of supply are 1,530,000,000 gallons daily. Over one 
hundred miles of mains are now in use, and the daily consumption of 
water is more than 9,000,000 gallons. The pumping capacity of the 
works is nearly double that daily, and the water in the various reserve 
reservoirs measure 6,000,000 gallons. In the extent of supply and the 
quality of the water used but few places in the country surpass this 
city. 

The location of the city is not the mo.st advantageous for natural 
surface drainege. It is mainly on a sandy plain, elevated from 20 to 
45 feet above tide water, the latter height being on the summit 
between the Mill and West rivers. The college campus is somewhat 
ie,ss in elevation, and the lower part of the green is but little more 
than twenty feet above .sea level. A small .sewer was laid in Chapel 
.street near the beginning of the pre.sent century, but in the main the 
poro.sity of the soil afforded the principal drainage until the canal was 
built in 1828, when the .sewerage in that section was improved by that 
means. But it became apparent, many years ago, that nature unaided 
would not absorb or remove the refu.se of a large and constantly 

* See sketcli nf Hamden. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 125 

increasing population. It was thought, too, a difficult matter to estab- 
lish a system of sewerage which would prove satisfactory. But it was 
attempted and successfully accomplished in the administration of 
Mayor Henry G. Lewis, 1870-7, and has been extended by his succes- 
sors. The first surveys for this system were made by E. S.-Ches- 
brough, at that time chief engineer of the city of Chicago, whose loca- 
tion, but little above the level of water, has many points of resemblance 
to New Haven. 

His success there aided him here, and his reports, made, first, 
March, 1871, and, finally, December, 1872, indicated the possibility of 
such a system. He divided the corporate area of 3,8(10 acres (of which 
200 acres were salt marshes) into three general sections; the eastern, 
about 800 acres, to drain into Mill river; the central section of about 
1,200 acres, to drain into the harbor, and the western section of 1.600 
acres into the West river. Subsequently, by the addition of Fair 
Haven, that section was drained into the Quinnipiac river. The 
sewers have been built of brick or vitrified stone ware, and the con- 
struction has been steadily carried on until the city has more than 
sixty miles of sewers, and yearly expends about $125,000 on the exten- 
sion and perfection of that .system of promoting the cleanliness and 
health of the place. As a beneficial result of this superior drainage, 
the city has been remarkably exempt from contagious or epidemic 
diseases. The death rate in 1889 was seventeen and four-tenths to 
the thousand. This low rate has also been in consequence of other 
causes, as the influence of .sea breezes, pure water and the shelter 
afforded by the hills on the northwest and east of the city. 

The first city buildings of any importance are the ones at present 
in use. Previous to their occupancy many of the offices, courts, etc., 
were in the state and county buildings or in rooms rented in different 
parts of the city. The City Hall, or Hall of Records, was built by the 
joint efforts of the city and the town upon the site of the old county 
house and jail, east of the green, on Church street, which was secured 
in 1856. The plans for the edifice were prepared by Henry Austin, 
and the building was begun in 1860. It was completed for use Octo- 
ber 1st, 1862, when it was occupied by the town and city officers, the 
probate and other courts. It is an imposing edifice of Nova Scotia 
stone and brick, with a very attractive front, and is four stories high. 
In its arrangement and elegance of appointments it was, when com- 
pleted, the finest hall of the kind in the East. Rising from the north- 
west corner is a high tower, in which are the city clock and bells. A 
passenger elevator was supplied in the spring of 1891. The property 
is valued at $150,000. 

On the north side of this hall are the county buildings, adjoined by 
a corridor, which were erected in 1871-3. Their fronts have the same 
general appearance as the city hall. East from the latter, on Court 
street, is the City Police Building, also erected in 1873. Its front is 76 



126 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

feet, and it is three stories high. The material is Philadelphia pressed 
brick, trimmed with Nova .Scotia and Portland sandstone. The 
"building extends to the rear to afford quarters for the police force, a 
drilling room, the various offices connected with the department and 
other offices of the city not accommodated in the main hall, wi-th 
which this is also connected. The value of this property, which has 
been pronounced " the most handsome and best constructed of the 
kind in the country," is more than $100,000. The entire value of 
the city property of whatever kind is more than $2,000,000. 

There was but little illumination of the streets of the city prior 
to the use of gas lamps. A few persons, at their own expense, pro- 
vided whale oil lamps in front of their stores or residences, but there 
was no general plan of lighting. The New Haven Gas Company 
was chartered in 1847, and was organized with W. W. Boardman as 
the first president. The following year some private houses were 
first illuminated by gas, and its use in the street lamps began in 
the spring of 1849. New Haven was thus next to Trenton, N. J., 
the second small city in the Union to light its streets by gas. Its 
introduction was quite rapid, there being at the end of the next six 
years more than 1,000 private consumers and 189 public lamps. The 
use has been constantly extended until more than 1,200 public lamps 
were in use, and the other consumers numbered between 5,000 and 
6,000 families. As a street illurainant its use since 1881 has, to some 
extent, been superseded by electricity. In the year named a com- 
pany was organized to light by the Weston system, but, after more 
than a year's trial, the effort was abandoned as unsatisfactory. The 
corporation was now re-organized as the' New Haven Electric Light 
Company, and by using the Thompson-Houston system better results 
have been obtained. Several hundred arc lamps have been placed on 
the streets and public grounds of the city since December, 1883, result- 
ing in brilliant illumination. The yearly expenditure by the city for 
electric lights, gas and naptha lamps is about $68,000. 

In addition to the illuminants furnished by the above corporations, 
a number of the large manufacturing establishments have their own 
electric plants, and the use of that agent has become very general in 
the past few years, many firms also employing it to more thoroughly 
light the approaches to their places of business. 

The fame of New Haven's elms is world wide ; and no place better 
deserves the title of the " Elm City." That noble tree is here found 
in the greatest perfection, and has been cherished as a part of the 
city's life for more than two hundred years. Said Henry Howe: 

'■ The first of the elms known in the histoiy of our city, two in 
number, were planted in l(i86. They stood on Elm street before the 
P)ristol mansion, the la.st one remaining until 18:59, It was then 146 
years from its setting out. Reverend James Pierpont was settled in 
108r), the succes.sor of John Davenpoi-t. when the people built for him 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUiNTV. 127 

a new house on that site, furnished it and brought free-will offerino-g 
of various kinds. One poor man, William Cooper by name, having 
nothing else to give, brought these elms and put them before the good 
man s door. • Under their shade, some forty years after (1726) Jona- 
than Edwards spoke words of mingled love and piety in the ears of 
Sarah Pierpont. Under their shade, when some sixty summers had 
passed over (1746). Whitefield stood on a platform and lifted up that 
voice.^the tones of which lingered so long in thousands of hearts.' 

" The planting of our elms appears to have had its origin in a 
paper drawn up by James Hillhouse, dated in the spring of" 1787 to 
which various citizens subscribed, stating what each would pav for 
beautifying the green, by planting elms and preventing the washing 
•of the sand. It was at this time that Hillhouse laid out Temple street, 
m conformity with a vote passed at a city meeting on the 5th of June 
of that year. He planted the streets with elms, and also, in 1792, 
through Hillhouse avenue, then a part of his farm and unopened. He 
set out the elms around the green, all but the inner rows, which were 
.set out by David Austin. Hillhouse was the most enterprising, pub- 
lic-spirited man the city ever had, and an untiring worker, laboring in 
•elm-planting with his own hands. The green, up to the beginning of 
this century, was a rough spot, all an open common, when, through 
the public spirit of James Hillhouse, David Austin, Pierpont Edwards 
and Isaac Beers, it was improved, and a wood fence put around it; it 
was then divided into two parts by fencing through Temple street. In 
1845 the present iron fence was erected at an expense of about §7,000, 
by a faithful builder, Nathan Hayward." 

The most noted elms of the present time are known as the Frank- 
lin elm and the Nathan Beers elm. The former was planted on the 
•day of the death of Benjamin Franklin, April 17th, 1790, at the corner 
of Church and Chapel streets. It was carried to New Haven on the 
back of Jerry Alling.-the poet of Hamden, who brought it from the 
plains of that town for Thaddeus Beecher, a grocer of the city. The 
tree is now more than SO feet high, and two feet above the ground its 
girth is 16 feet. The Nathan Beers elm is at the entrance of Hill- 
house avenue, and is somewhat larger than the foregoing. It com- 
memorates the memory of this distinguished patriot, who was born 
February 14th, 1753, and died February 11th, 1849, having rounded 
out nearly a century of years. He was a paymaster in the revolution- 
ary army from March, 1777, until the troops were disbanded, and was 
a son of the Nathan Beers who was murdered in cold blood at the 
time the British invaded New Haven. For 45 years he was a deacon 
of the North church. The elms on Broadway were set out about 
1830. 

The parks of New Haven are, large and small, some twenty in 
number, embracing about 400 acres of land. The oldest park in the 
present sy.stem is, of course, the famous New Haven Green, in the 



128 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

central part of the old city. Around it are clustered associations of 
every phase of life of the city and the town. Originally it was set 
aside as a market place and for all sorts of public uses. Its improve- 
ment as a park began soon after the city was incorporated, but it was 
many years before the condition of its present beauty was attained. 
The entire area of the tract, including its bounding streets, is about 
21 acres. What is enclosed as the green proper is a little more than 
16 acres. The maples in the upper part of the green were planted 

about 1852. 

The next largest park in the city proper is Wooster Square, con- 
taining 41 acres. It was bought in 182.-, for $6,()()(), and was first 
enclosed with a wooden fence. Individuals planted the trees at a 
cost of $1,.500, and in 1853 the ground was enclosed with an iron rail- 
ing, costing $4,000. The park is densely shaded, and is surrounded 
by fine mansions, making a quiet and attractive spot. Clinton Park 
contains nearly four acres; Jocelyn Square, 2.61 acres, donated to the 
city in 1836; and York Square, a little more than an acre, and was 
set aside for public use about the same time as the latter. A num- 
ber of smaller parks contain less than an acre and are mere breath- 
ing spots. 

East Rock Park is the newest of the principal public places, and 
will soon be by far the most important. Its improvement was begun 
soon after the East Rock Park Commission was chartered by the 
legislature in 1880. The park embraces about 353 acres on the East 
Rock ridcre, of which 50 acres were donated by John W. Bi.shop. 
One hundred and forty-four acres lie in the town of New Haven, 
the remainder m Hamden. The park is about two miles from the 
center of the city, and is approached on both sides by lines of street 
railways and by fine avenues. 

The plans "for the harmonious development" of the park were 
prepared by Donald G. Mitchell in 1882. The following year Farnam 
Drive was constructed to the northern summit, 2^ miles, at an expen.se 
of $15 000, defrayed by the estate of Henry Farnam. The use of this 
revealed the beauties of the place, and its fitness for a park became 
apparent The English Drive on the west side was begun m 188.), 
havino- as a basis for its construction the $10,000 donated lor that pur- 
pose by James E. English. It was completed the following year, and 
there are now more than five miles of good carriage drives, making 
all parts of this rugged piece of natural beauty easily accessible. 
Numerous other improvements have been made, more than $100,000 
having been expended on this park, which has already become very 

popular. 

One of the most striking features of the park is the hne new 
Soldiers Monument, which occupies a commanding position near the 
south face of the Rock. It was formally dedicated June 17th. 1887, 
the ceremonies being witnessed by 75,000 people. Among the di.s- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 129 

tinguished guests present were Generals Sherman and Sheridan, and 
a fleet of United States war vessels was in the harbor. A great 
parade was one of the features of the day. Twenty thousand men 
were in line, and it took three hours to pass a given point. Doctor 
Newman vSmyth delivered the oration. 

The movement to build a memorial to the soldiers of the late war 
had its origin in the action of Admiral Foote Post, No. 17, Grand 
Army of the Republic, which, in April, 1879, asked permission of the 
city to place a memoiial on the green, in the shape of a large granite 
drinking fountain. Consent having been obtained, the site near the 
liberty pole was dedicated on Decoration Day, that year, but that plan 
was not carried out. The project now rested until the latter part of 
1883, when the Post urged the matter of a suitable inonument upon 
the town, which appropriated $50,000 to build a monument. The 
foregoing site on East Rock was selected, and a design by Moffatt & 
Doyle of New York was chosen for the memorial, by the following 
committee: S. E. Merwin, Jr., chairman: vS. J. Fox, .secretary: Gov. H. 
B. Harrison, Prof. John F. Weir, Col. John Healey, John Reynolds, 
Hon. H. B. Bigelow, Gen. Frank D. Sloat, Col. J. D. Plunkett, John 
McCarthy, Hon. James E. English, Col. Samuel Tolles, Theo. A. 
Tuttle, Conrad Hofacker. 

The monument was built under the direction of vS. E. Merwin, Jr., 
James E. Engli.sh and Philo Chatfield. It has been described as 
follows : * 

" The height of this tribute to the heroes of America's battle fields, 
from the base to the apex of the statue of the Angel of Peace, which 
.surmounts it, is 110 feet: the height of the Angel of Peace is 11 feet. 
The pedestal of the monument is a series of five steps of granite, the 
lowest course of which is 40 feet square. The.se steps, with the excep- 
tion of the top one, are 18 inches wide; the top step is made 4 feet 
wide, forming a promenade around the monument. The base is 17 
feet in height, and constructed of uniform blocks of split or rough- 
faced granite. In each .side of this masonry casements are built, but 
the only entrance is through the front one, which is supplied with 
heavy folding doors, and approached by three granite steps. The 
other casements are imitation entrances, but are also approached by 
steps. 

" Between the base and the foot of the shaft there are 8 feet of 
ornamental masonry, on the four corners of which statues of Pros- 
perity, History, Victory and Patriotism are placed in a sitting position. 
They are 9 feet in height, and made of bronze. The Genius of His- 
tory is seated in a graceful attitude, perusing a book, which she holds 
in her lap: Victory holds the u.sual laurel wreath and trumpet in her 
hands: Prosperity has the familiar horn of plenty on her .shoulder, and 
Patriotism is a bare-armed and bare-necked warrior in the attitude of 

* New Haven, Past and Present. 
9 



130 IlLSTOKV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

drawing a sword. Between the .statues and on each face of the 
masonry are four historical bas-reliefs, commemorating the four great 
wars in which this country has been engaged since the first blow for 
liberty was struck at Lexington. Over the entrance the scene 
depicted in this way is the surrender of Cieneral Lee to General Grant 
at Appomattox. Figures of Grant and Lee occupy the foreground, 
and between them stands a little table on which the terms of uncon- 
ditional surrender were made. On the topmost portion of the base 
and under the bas-relief are the words, m raised letters of granite: 
'Shiloh, Gettysburg and Antietam,' and below these words and 
over the top of the casement, ' 18G1-1S65.' 

" A bas-relief of General Scott entering the conquered city of 
Mexico occupies one of the other faces. ' Palo Alto, Monterey and 
Chapultepec,' and the dates ' 1846-1848' are on the stone below. 

" On the back of the monument the scene depicted is that of Coin- 
modore Perry on Lake Erie. The great commander is in the act of 
writing his famous despatch: ' We have met the enemy and they are 
ours.' This picture also represents the dismantled British fleet. On 
the base, under this picture, are inscribed the words: ' Lake Erie. 
Bridgew.vter and New Orleans.' The dates over the casement are 
1812 181.^). 

" The fourth bas-relief is a picture of the surrender of General 
Cornwallis at Yorktown. A figure of Washington stands in the fore- 
ground, receiving the British generals' swords. ' Bunker Hill, Ben- 
nington AND Yorktown,' and the dates ]77r)~178H are below it. 

" The shaft proper of the monument is 75 feet high, circular, and 
slightly tapering, and 10 feet in diameter at the base, which rests on a 
sculptured wreath. Above this wreath appears a few feet of orna- 
mental masonry, and then a band of thirteen chiseled stars, represent- 
ing the thirteen original states. Above this are uniform unorna- 
mented blocks of granite until the look-out windows are reached. The 
casements of the.se windows stand out prominently, and the ornamen- 
tations below them are very beautiful in design. The windows are 
about five feet high by two feet wide, and are at the termination of a 
spiral stairca.se, which winds its way up through the column from the 
base. The apex of the monument is very nearly cone-shaped, and is 
surmounted by the pedestal on which the Angel of Peace stands." 

vSo conspicuous is the position of the monument that it has become 
one of the most noteworthy objects in the southern part of the county, 
and is seen from far out at sea, standing like a beacon of liberty, as 
well as a memorial to those who died in the cause of freedom. 

The commerce and shipping of New Haven have, from the begin- 
ning, as has already been related, been important elements of its busi- 
ness life. Many of the early settlers were seafaring men, and sought 
opportunities to engage in that pursuit here. The disastrous loss of 
the " Fellowship," with Captain Lamberton and many others on 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 1:^1 

t)oard, in the early part of 1G47, cast a gloom upon the hopes which 
had been so fondly cherished, that New Haven would speedily have a 
profitable commerce, and several years elapsed before other ventures 
were made. In 1646 Isaac Allerton, who has been called the " father 
of New England commerce," came to New Haven from Plymouth 
colony, whose business agent he had been many years. He here 
engaged in trade, having a large warehouse and owning a num'ber of 
small vessels which were in the coastwise trade. He was the leader 
of commerce, and before his death, in 1659, the shipping business at 
this port had been much revived. After his decease the maritime 
business fell off, what little trade there was being confined to near-by 
points. 

Sometime about 1680 another attempt was made to encourage com- 
merce, and soon after the work of building a wharf into the harbor 
was begun. This has been extended to meet the wants of trade, and 
has long been known by the name of Long Wharf. In 1748 it was 
lengthened about twenty rods, and thirty rods more in 1765. About 
the same time the pier on the west side of the channel was com- 
menced, but was not completed until 1770. Soon after a fruitless 
attempt was made to connect the pier and Long Wharf, the aid of a 
lottery being sought to raise means. In 1810 a new wharf company 
was formed, which extended the wharf to nearly its present length, 
;^,943 feet. The wharf was widened on the west side, and stores and 
warehouses built on it. On the night of October 28th, 1820, a fire 
broke out, which, before it was checked, burned 26 stores and ware- 
houses, many of them filled with West India produce. The loss was 
about a quarter of a million dollars, and the blow to the shipping 
interest was very severe. 

About 1750 foreign commerce was revived and vessels began to 
arrive from various European ports. In 1764 the brig " Derby," from 
Dublin, brought the first cargo of coal. Since that time New Haven 
has become one of the greatest coal depots in New England. The 
same vessel brought 38 Irish peasants, as servants. The exports at 
this time were mainly flax and lime, whose manufacture had become 
one of the interests of the town. In 1774 the exports amounted to 
more than §140,000. In 1776 the town had thirty vessels, in three of 
which Benedict Arnold, at that time a merchant and trader at New 
Haven, was interested. The revolution interrupted this commercial 
activity, but after the war it speedily revived. In 1787 there were 61 
vessels and 110 stores, and for twenty 3-ears the business was very 
prosperous. Much of the trade was with Barbadoes, and rich cargoes 
were brought into the city. 

" Again, in 1798, the disturbances in France brought great disaster 
on our shipping, through privateer depredations. vSeveral score of 
ships and many hundred thousand dollars worth of property were lo.st 
about this time— New Haven losing more in proportion than any other 



132 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

city in the Union. In spite of these great losses, however, New 
Haven's commerce continued to rapidly increase. In 18(.)1 over 11,000 
tons of shipping were registered at this port. Though her ships were 
searched, pillaged and confiscated by the vessels of both the great 
naval powers of the world, England and France, the end of her com- 
mercial importance was not yet. 

•' A fleet of some twenty ships, called the New Haven South Sea 
Fleet, was manned and set out about this time. They were mainly 
engaged in the seal fishery. After obtaining a cargo of seals these 
were sold in Canton, and a load of silks and teas was taken in, after 
which they circumnavigated the globe on their way home, through 
the Indian and Atlantic Oceans."* 

"The most successful, perhaps, of all American voyages was that 
of the ' Neptune,' twenty guns, manned by forty-five active, bright 
New Haven county young men from our solid families. She was 
owned by Ebenezer Townsend, called ' The Merchant Prince ' of New 
Haven; commanded by Captain David Greene, a complete seaman, 
who lived in tire 'Old Cottage' on Water street, near Sargent's fac- 
tory. She returned from her three years' voyage around the world 
July, 1709. Her voyage gave a profit of §260,000, nearly ecjual to a 
million now. Her custom-house duties were $75,000, which was a 
quarter more than the civil-list tax of the whole state of Connecticut 
at that time. Her arrival filled the town with joy. The military 
marched down to the Cedars, on the west shore, drums beating, colors 
flying, and fired guns in welcome; and in the balmy air of the sum- 
mer evening the boys met on the street corners and sang patriotic 
songs." f 

In ]S()7the cu.stom duties paid at this port were more than $ir)O,00O, 
and great prosperity prevailed, in spite of the annoyance to trade and 
the despoiling of ves.sels by the French and the English, and which 
finally brought on the war of 1812. But the embargo act which was 
passed December 7th, ] 807, and which was intended to injure Great 
Britain, affected New Haven so seriously that it practically ruined 
trade, and great distress prevailed, as for more than a year not a 
ve.ssel was allowed to leave this harbor. 

Trowbridge, in his " Maritime Hi.story," says: 

"There were but few of our citizens who were not, directly or 
indirectly, dependent upon foreign commerce. About 100 ship- 
wrights were living in the place, 32 commercial houses, 82 ships were 
engaged in foreign trade, and hundreds of .seamen here had their 
homes. On the anniversary of its passage, ne.xt year, there was a day 
of mourning for the death of American commerce. The flags on the 
shipping hung at half-mast; a procession was formed on Fleet street, 
compn.sing all cla.sscs and grades of society. It was led by a young 
man clad in mourning, and mounted on a black horse. He carried in 

*Nt:\v liavL'ii. Past and Present. I Henry Plowe. 



HISTORY OF NEW HA\EN COUNTY. 133 

his hand a banner, on which was inscribed: ' Bonaparte — 0-grab-me!' 
which last word the reader will find spells ' Embargo,' if read from 
the right. Following the leader was a company of seamen, neatly 
dressed, with crape attached to their left arms. Six of them bore a 
boat, the flag of which was at half-mast, shrouded in mourning, being 
emblematical of the Constitution of the United States. Throngs of 
people joined in the procession as it passed through State and Chapel 
streets; and when it reached the Green, where an address was deliv- 
ered, it was estimated there were 1,400 people in the procession, nearly 
one quarter of the entire population of the cit}-. When, early in 1809, 
President Jefferson, by proclamation, ended the embargo, great joy 
prevailed, and a splendid dinner was given at Butler's famous 
tavern." 

When the war of 1812 broke out six hundred American seamen 
had their homes in New Haven, and that conflict of arms was very 
unpopular here. Through its influence the merchant marine was so 
much affected that it never again was restored to its former prestige. 
The foreign trade was diverted to New York, whose rapid growth, 
after the war, injured all near-by seaports. All the channels of trade 
were diverted to the metropolis, and have since flown thither. In the 
past flfty years the foreign commerce of New Haven has been com- 
paratively light, the shipping trade being done principally through 
New York. 

After the war steamboat service between New York and New 
Haven was established. The first steamboat to enter New Haven 
harbor was the " Fulton," Captain Bunker, which arrived here " from 
New York, March 21, ISlo, with thirty passengers: passage \\\ hours. 
Previous to that time it had been considered doubtful if a steamboat 
could navigate the Sound. She then began making two trips per 
week — fare, $5.00. Previously passengers and goods had been trans- 
ported by packets, which were sometimes a week on the way. Land 
passage by .stages occupied parts of two days."- 

vSince 1815 one or more lines of steamboats have plied regularly 
between these ports; and from 1839, when the Hartford railroad was 
built, until 1848, when the New York & New Haven railroad was 
completed, they carried many passengers. The present steamboat 
facilities are first class, two companies supplying a service which 
embraces three boats, to and from New York daily. Excellent oppor- 
tunities for the shipment of heavy freights are thus afforded. Foreign 
commerce has also increa.sed, and the commercial importance of this 
port is again conceded. From 1872 to 1888 there were collected in 
customs duties $5,500,000, placing the port of New Haven seventh in 
a column of seaports arranged according to the amount paid into the 
treasury of the United States for duties on imports. In the customs 
district there were owned in this year 318 vessels. 
* Henry Howe. 



134 HI.STdRV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The manufacturing interests have done much to increase the com- 
merce in recent years. Of their effect upon the city, the Reverend 
Thomas R. Bacon said, in his '• Century Oration," in 1884, in speaking 
of the purposes of the framers of the city government: 

■' They hoped for a great commercial center sending out its mer- 
chant fleets to the ends of the earth; they did not expect a great manu- 
facturing city, as New Haven has become. In 1784 the manufactories 
of New Haven were apparently a paper mill and a blacksmith shop, 
and now our manufactured products in vast variety are found through- 
out the civilized world. And to the use of the manufacturing interests, 
more than any one agenc}', nay, more tlian to all the rest put together, 
has been due the growth of the city from 3,.-)()i» to some 70,()()() inhabit- 
ants. These vast industries of to-day, which have sprung from the 
mechanical inventions and discoveries of the century, have given to 
American civilization an unexpected aspect and development. In 
the history of its manufacturing industries New Haven has been 
peculiarly happy. This great variety has saved us from those pro- 
longed and extensive periods of depression and paraly.sis which have 
fallen iipon towns devoted to a single industry. The same cause has 
prevented such great struggles between labor and capital, culminat- 
ing in wholesale strikes and lockouts, and entailing much variety of 
suffering, whi::li have been so frequent elsewhere. This growth of 
manufactures in the state of Connecticut has had the effect of drawing 
the population away from the barren farm lands to the villages and 
cities, and then to change the whole character of its life. And in this 
great change New Haven has taken the lead, until by the census of 
1880 our gross manufactured products were valued at §24,040,22."); our 
net products at $9,r)58,062. The number of hands employed was 
ir),l.")0, and the amount paid in wages $5,761,375. Surely here is some- 
thing that helps to account for the century's growth." 

And said another writer: 

" The first quarter of the century had not passed away before the 
manufacturing and mercantile interests of the city had attained 
extensive dimensions. The manufacturing of carriages — in which 
line New Haven has since been one of the leading cities of the world 
— had been inaugurated by James Brewster, in 1827. The manufac- 
ture of firearms had already become an important industry, having 
been founded in 1798, by Eli Whitney, the famous inventor of the 
cotton-gin. Charles Goodyear, a native of New Haven, was perfect- 
ing the great discovery which soon made his name famous through- 
out the world, and a few years later the first India-rubber clothing 
ever manufactured was turned out in this city. The chief houses 
which represent these three branches of indu.stry in New Haven 
to-day, as well as those repre.senting the production of clocks, locks, 
pianos, cor.sets, chairs, paper boxes and hardware, rank among the 
largest and best of their kind in existence, and have sent their goods 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 135 

and made the name of our city known and honored throughout the 
civilized world."* 

In all, there are in the city more than .seven hundred manufactur- 
ing establishments, including more than a hundred and thirty 
incorporated companies, one having a capital stock of $1,500,000. 
There were in 1888 more than 3,300 business and mechanical occupa- 
tions, and the valuation of buildings and stock employed in the manu- 
facturing and commercial interests of the city was about 828,000,000. 
Almost all conceivable articles of manufactures are produced by work- 
men as skillful as are found in any civilized community. Considering 
the indifference to mechanic pursuits, so long prevalent in New 
Haven — an indifference which prevented them for many years from 
having even a blacksmith — this is, indeed, a striking transition of 
occupations. 

Most likely, the blacksmith shop alluded to by Doctor Bacon, in 
the paragraph above, was the one conducted by Captain Ezekiel 
Hayes, the ancestor of President Hayes, who was in his time a famous 
axe and scythe maker. But so poorly was his work compensated that 
in 1775 he announced in a newspaper card that he would be necessi- 
tated to return to his old place in Branford, unless the New Haven 
public would " allow me 75 per cent, on my work and the first cost of 
my .stock, or I must infallibly heave up my trade." Grain and paper 
mills were early operated at Whitneyville and at Westville. where 
water power could easil}' be used. 

In 1785 a small mint for the coining of copper coins was started by 
a company organized for that purpose, which had among its members 
Samuel Bishop, James Hillhou.se and Abel Buell, the latter being the 
practical man of the concern. He produced a machine capable of 
coining 120 coppers per minute. In the course of a few years this 
" New Haven Mint " was authorized to make copper coins for con- 
gre.ss. In 1787 James Jarvis was the owner of the establishment, 
which was continued a number of years. 

In 1789 a cotton mill was established on West river, which was 
deemed so important that the state granted it a subsidy of $3,000. 
The following year calico printing was begun by John Mix, who also 
made metal buttons. That article was also made by Phineas Bradley. 
Jotham Fenton made telescopes, etc., about the same time; and other 
small manufacturing interests were begun about the beginning of the 
present century. Soon after leather tanning became an important 
business, and in 1840 five tanneries, with capital aggregating more 
than $100,000, had an output of $380,000. 

The manufacture of carriages was the next important industry 
established, there being in 1840 twelve shops, whose product amounted 
to $234,000. This business and the manufacture of carriage parts is 
now carried on in about forty establishments, in which more than 

" \Yilliatn H. Beckford. 



136 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 

2,000 men are employed, and the output amounts to $2,000,00() per 
year. It is claimed that G. T. Newhall of this city was the first in 
America to adopt machinery in the manufacture of carriages — a 
method which is now almost universally used. For many years Henry 
Hooker & Co. had here the largest carriage manufacturing establish- 
ment in the world. 

Closely allied with the carriage business is the industry of manu- 
facturing hardware specialties, several dozen firms being at present 
engaged in that intere.st. J. B. Sargent & Co. were among the 
pioneers in that line, and their establishment has become the greatest 
in the world. Acres of land are covered with large buildings, in 
which about 2,000 people are employed, and so many kinds of hard- 
ware goods are made that a volume of more than 1,100 pages is 
required to catalogue them. In their extent, equipments and variety 
of products these works have no equal in this or any other country. 
O. B. North & Co. rank among the oldest manufacturers of saddlery 
hardware. The wholesale hardware business has had a place in the 
city since 1784, before the era of manufacturing. The Mallory- 
Wheeler Company are representative lockmakers. Their interest was 
founded in 1834, and has grown to such proportions that 25 buildings 
are occupied, and 500 workmen are employed. Immense quantities 
of all kinds of locks are produced. 

The manufacture of firearms has been carried on at New Haven 
the greater part of a century, being here begun on a large scale b}- 
Eli Whitney, and has, through the Winchester and other companies, 
been developed into one of the largest industries of the kind in this 
country. The Winchester Repeating Arms Company was organized 
in 18.")8. Most of the buildings at present occupied were erected in 
1870 and cover the area of two city squares. The floor area is nine acres: 
3,000 different machines are operated by 1,000-horse power steam and 
150-horse power water motors, and 15,000 workmen are employed. 
Tlieir firearms and ammunition are sold in all parts of the world. This 
corporation has ab.sorbed the old Whitney armory. The Marlin Fire 
Arms Company has had a more recent origin, but is a prosperous and 
growing industry. Excellent arms are produced, and more than 200 
men are employed. 

In the manufacture of machinery there are about three dozen con- 
cerns engaged. The oldest iron foundry is that of vS. H. Barnum, 
which was e.stablished in 1832. Of these concerns one is engaged in 
the manufacture of flour mill machinery, and is noted for the .superi- 
ority of its products, which are shipped all over the globe; six estab- 
lishments build engines, .several being extensive; three make drop 
forgings, two are safe works and two make cutlery. The brass goods 
manufacturing establishment of A. B. Hendryx & Co. is one of the 
most exten.sive of its kind in the Union, a position occupied in other 
products of brass goods by Peck Brothers & Co. A dozen concerns 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 137 

are devoted to brass goods manufactures, and many skillful workmen 
are employed. 

In the manufacture of clocks New Haven is also in the lead. The 
New Haven Clock Company has one of the largest works in this 
country. The company began to make movements in 1853, but since 
1856 have produced finished clocks of many different kinds. A num- 
ber of large buildings, covering nearly two city squares, are occupied, 
and more than 700 men are employed by this thrifty company, of 
which Hiram Camp has long been the head. 

In the manufacture of rubber goods but few places surpass this 
city. The largest establishment is that of L. Candee & Co., founded 
in 1842, and one of the first to manufacture under the Goodyear 
patents. The works cover more than 2^ acres, and are very complete 
in their equipments. Fifteen hundred men are employed in the 
various departments, and the products have a most excellent reputa- 
tion in every state in the Union, and since 1871 have been sold direct 
to the trade. 

•' Another important industry of New Haven, and one which is of 
quite recent origin in this country, is the manufacture of corsets. 
This city is the birthplace and home of this industry in America, and 
there are at present eight considerable corset factories devoted to it. 
The first consets made in a factory in America were produced in this 
city in 1860 by Isaac Straus, who is still in the business here, and now 
one factory alone employs upwards of l,o()0 operatives. Concerning 
the productions of these factories, it may be said that the}^ are full}- 
equal to the imported articles, and have been placed on the market at 
such low prices as to have almost entirelj- driven the foreign goods 
out of American consumption." 

The manufacture of musical instruments forms a considerable part 
of the business of New Haven. One of the oldest firms in that 
industry is B. Shoninger & Co., who began in a small way in 1850 as 
organ builders. The manufacture of pianos was added in 1876, only 
about 100 per year being made. This output has been increased until 
now 1,800 are made yearly, and their works have become so extensive 
that they rank among the first in the world. 

New Haven has also become an important wholesale center, sup- 
plying many of the adjoining towns with the products of trade. In 
1889 there were in the city " five wholesale grocery houses (the first 
was established in 1825), two wholesale drug houses, three wholesale 
hardware houses, four wholesale paper houses, two wholesale boot and 
shoe hou.ses, three wholesale china and glassware houses, two whole- 
sale paint and oil houses, three coffee and spice mills, three wholesale 
cigar houses, besides a number of others smaller in size and repre- 
senting other lines of merchandise." 

The commercial prosperity uf New Haven has been greatly pro- 
moted and conserved bv the Chamber of Commerce, which was organ- 



138 HISTORY OF NEW HAVKN COUNTY. 

ized A])ril 0th, 1794, and which has continuously existed since that 
time. It is thus one of the oldest associations of the kind in America. 
At present it has several hundred members, including the principal 
business men of the city, and the following officers: President, J. D. 
Dewell; vice-presidents, Samuel E. Merwin, Nathan Easterbrook, Jr.; 
treasurer, Wilbur F. Day; corresponding and recording secretary, T. 
Attwater Barnes; directors, N. D. Sperry, Joel A. Sperry, John H. 
Leeds, Charles H. Townsend, George H. Ford. 

Smce the city has so many diverse interests it requires large bank- 
mg facilities, which are supplied bj^ fourteen monetary institutions, 
commanding capital to the amount of §12,000,000. Seven of these 
banks are organized under the national banking laws and four are 
savings banks, which have a local deposit of nearly $12,000,000 and a 
surplus approximating §4(K),000. The volume of business done by 
these banks is shown by the returns of the Clearing House, which 
indicate that the exchanges of the local banks in 1888 amounted to 
§60,782,206. 

The first bank in the city was organized December 22d, 179o, 
as the New Haven Bank, with a capital of §50,000. It had been 
chartered in October, 17U2, with a capital of §100,000, which amoiint 
c?uld not be raised, as contemplated, and an amendment reducing 
the minimum capital was found necessary. David Austin was the 
first president and William Lyon the cashier. In 186.") this bank was 
reorganized under the national banking laws, and is now one of the 
oldest and most substantial monetary institutions in the state. It is 
known as the National New Haven Bank, and Wilbur F. Day has 
been the president since 1869. In this period more than §1,000,000 
have been paid to the stockholders as net profits. Mr. Day is also the 
president of the New Haven Clearing House. 

The city has tnore than six hundred professional men, and every 
generation has had, in all of the leading professions, some of the 
brightest minds in the country — men greatly honored at home and 
abroad for their learning and success as practitioners. Among those 
in the legal profession who left their impress upon affairs which have 
come down to the present generation, none was greater than Roger 
Sherman. He was admitted to the bar in 1754, and removed to New 
Haven in 1 701, where he died in 1793. He was not only one of the 
foremost men in the city and state, but al.so of the nation. As a 
member of the continental congress, he was one of the committee of 
five to draft the declaration of American independence, and Jefferson 
said of him that he had the best common .sense of any man in that 
body. He was known as a Christian statesman, whose life was a 
benediction at home and abroad. He lived in the house on Chapel 
street next west of the opera hou.se, and was, perhaps, one of the 
greatest men the county had ever adopted as a citizen. Jared Inger- 
,sol and James A. Hill'house were also able lawyers before the revolu- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 130 

tion. Since that time, among the principal lawyers have been: Pierre- 
pont Edwards, Nathaniel Smith, David Daggett, Dyer White, Jona- 
than Ingersoll, Simeon Baldwin, Eleazer Foster, John Hart Lynde, 
Seth Staples, Samuel Hitchcock, Isaac H. Townsend, William W. 
Boardman, Dennis Kimberley, Roger S. Baldwin, Alfred Blackman. 
Ralph I. Ingersoll. Charles Ingersoll, Clark Bi.ssell, Henry Dutton, 
Jonathan Stoddard, Henry White, Eleazer K. Foster, William Bristol, 
John Beach, Charles Ives, Thomas B. Osborne, Dexter R. Wrieht and 
some others, named in the preceding pages, all deceased. 

The attorneys in 1889-90, according to the list furnished the secre- 
tary of state, were the following: 

John W. Ailing, S. W. F. Andrews, Edward A. Anketell, George 
L. Armstrong, E. P. Arvine, Harry W. Asher, Ward Bailey, Frederick 
W. Babcock. vSimeon E. Baldwin, Francis G. Beach, John K. Beach, 
Rodman V. Beach, George E. Beers, William L. Bennett, Herbert E. 
Benton, Stuart Bidwell, James Bishop, Henry T. Blake, Levi X. 
Blydenburgh, Charles F. Bollmann, John W. Bristol, Louis H. Bristol, 
Samuel L. Bronson, Edward G. Buckland, James J. Buchanan, Charles 
K. Bush, Julius C. Cable, David Callahan, William C. Case, William 
Scoville Case, Jonathan W. Chapin, Prentice W. Chase, James G. 
Clark, L. W. Cleaveland, George R. Cooley, Leonard M. Daggett, 
Hugh Dailey, Lucius P. Deming, George L. Dickerman, T. E. Doo- 
little. Edwin C. Dow, Edward Downes, Cornelius T. Driscoll, D. Cady 
Eaton, William H. Ely, Jacob E. Emery, John T. Fitzgerald, Charles 
H. Fowler, John S. Fowler, O. H. D. Fowler, Timothy J. Fox, John C. 
Gallagher, Jacob P. Goodhart, William L. Green, George M. Gi:nn, E. 
Edwin Hall, Charles S. Hamilton, Henry B. Harrison, Lynde Harri- 
son, Charles A. Harrison, Charles B. Hawkes, Charles H. Hayden, 
Carlton E. Hoadley, J. C. Hollister, H. L. Hotchkiss, Leverett AI. 
Hubbard, Savilian R. Hull,- C. R. Ingersoll. Francis G. Ingersoll, 
George P. Ingersoll, Jonathan Inger.soll, Frank H. Kelly, Jr., William 
H. Kenyon, P. F. Kiernan, Charles Kleiner, William H. Law, Edward 
L. Lindsley, Seymour C. Loomis, Burton Mansfield, A. McC. Mathew- 
son, Charles B. Mathewman, Kojiro Matsugata, Eli Mix, James T. 
Moran, John L. Morehouse, Samuel C. Morehouse, Luzon B. Morris, 
Joseph B. Morse, Albert H. Moulton, Lyman E. Munson, Henry G. 
Newton, William P. Niles, Arthur D. Osborne, Arthur S. Osborne, 
William S. Pardee, Albert D. Penney, L. L. Phelps, John P. Phillips, 
Rufus S. Pickett, James P. Pigott, Henry C. Piatt, Johnson T. Piatt, 
Joseph D. Plunkett, Walter Pond, Edwin Purrington, A. Heaton 
Robertson, George W. Robinson, William C. Robinson, John A. 
Robinson, Edward H. Rogers, Henry D. Russell, Talcott H. Russell, 
George D. Seymour, Bernard J. Shanley, Joseph Sheldon, Edwin A. 
Smith, Siegwart Spier, Henry Stoddard, William B. Stoddard, David 
Strouse, John P. Studley, Charles L. Swan, Jr., James S. Thompson, 
Jason P. Thomson, William K. Townsend, Dwight W. Tuttle, Grove 



140 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

J. Tuttle, Julius Twiss, Morris F. Tj^Ier, George A. Tyler, Charles L. 
Ullman, .S. Harrison Wagner. John B. Ward, Willard D. Warren, 
George D. Watrous, Francis Wayland, James H. Webb, Alfred N. 
Wheeler, Cyrus B. Whitcomb. Charles A. White, Henry C. White, 
Henry D. White, Roger S. White, ( )liver vS. White, John H. Whiting, 
Isaac Wolfe, James A. Wood, Arthur B. Wright, William A. Wright, 
Samuel A. York, Edmund Zacher, Fair Haven, Curtis S. Bushnell. 

In the same year the physicians and surgeons of the town of New 
Haven were as given in the appended list, taken from the " Register 
of the .State: " 

Allopathists; Francis Bacon, F. E. Beckwith, Frederick Bellosa, 
E. H. Bishop, Louis B. Bishop, Timothy H. Bishop, Evelyn L. Bissell. 
W. L. Bradley, Charles H. Brockett, Henry Bronson, T. M. Cahill, W. 
H. Carmalt, H. A. Carrington, S. H. Chapman. George F. Converse, C. 
V. R. Creed, Lucy M. Creemer, M. A. Cremin, D. L. Daggett, William 
G. Daggett, Louis S. DeForest, Charles F. Dibble, F. L. Dibble, Gus- 
tavus Eliot, C. L. Fitch, H. Fleischner, C. J. Foote, J. P. C. Foster, L. 
M. Gilbert, S. D. Gilbert, William W. Hawkes, C. H. Howland, 
Stephen CJ. Hubbard, Levi Ives, Robert S. Ives, Walter Jud.son, B. L. 
Lambert, D. C. Leavenworth, Thomas G. Lee, A. W. Leighton. B. S. 
Lewis, Charles A. Lindsley, C. P. Lindsley, William E. Lockwood, 
John F. Luby, Edward G. Madden. Stephen J. Maher, Max Mailhouse, 
"Mary B. Moody, John Nicoll, M. C. O'Connor, Oliver T. O.sborn, 
Charles E. Park, Henrv Pierpont, Edward K. Roberts, Arthur 
Ruickoldt, Thomas H. Russell, L. J. Sanford, J. W. Seaver, H. E. 
Smith, Marvin Smith, J. E. .Stetson, W. H. Stowe. Henry L. Swam, 
James K. Thacher, W^ H. Thomson, J. H. Town.send, R. B. West. 
Frank H. Wheeler, C. S. White, F. O. White, Moses C. White, F. H. 
Whittemore, S. W. Williston, A. E. Winchell, F. W. Wright, Willis 
(t. Ailing. Arthur O. Baribault, A. Brown, George M. Bush, John J. 
Crane, Robert Crane, V. M. Dow, Aaron Ignal. Rollin McNeil, 
Alphon.se Oulman, Jo.seph Reed, James M. Reilly. William .Sprenger, 
Henry A. Street, E. L. R. Thomson, E. L. Washburne, William J. 
Whiting. 

Homoeopathists: C. B. Adams, M. J. Adams, William D. Anderson, 
P.. H. Cheney, C. A. Dorman, Edwin "c. M. Hall, John A. Hutchin.son, 
J. W. Jewett, Mrs. Adelaide Lambert, William H. .Sage. P. C. Skiff. A. 
L. Talmadge, Charles Vishno, C. W. N'ishno, \l. J. Walker. I. .S. 
Miller, Fsadore L. Murray, Charles Rawling. W. W. Rodman, Walter 
C. .Skiff. 

Eclectics: H. J. IJradley, M. Y. Linquist, M. F. Linciuist, Jr., Jaines 
C. Che.sley, C. F. Edson, John L. Lyon, Wcstvillc, H. B. Smith. 

The New Haven post office was established in April, l?.")."), by 
order of Benjamin Franklin, postmaster general of the King for the 
British colonies in America. John Holt, of the firm of James Parker 
& Co., jirinters and publishers of the Connecticut (Jascttc. was appointed 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 141 

postmaster, and the office was kept at their printing house in the 
lower part of the city. The first mail service in this part of the 
country was limited, and was primarily for the benefit of the troops 
engaged in the French and Indian wars, the soldiers being thus 
enabled to communicate with their friends at home and in the 
colonies, to which the system had been extended. Gradually the 
convenience of the system was recognized, more offices were estab- 
lished in the county, and the service was improved. 

In 1760 Postmaster John Holt was succeeded by Thomas Green, 
another of the Gazette partners, who was followed by Benjamin 
Mecom, who had become the publisher of the Gazette. In 1768 Luke 
Babcock, the publisher of a rival paper, took charge of the office, but 
served only about a year. In 1769 Christopher Kilby became the 
postmaster, and continued until his death in March, 1774. Near the 
end of the same year Elias Beers was appointed to the charge of the 
New Haven office, which he removed to his shop, which stood on the 
.'^ite of the present New Haven House. Under his admini.stration 
the busine-ss of the office developed, the number of mails being 
increased to four per week (two from the East and two from the 
West) in 1780. 

After a long .service Jesse Atwater succeeded Beers, in ]\Iarch, 
1802, and was the po.stma.ster until his death, in 1814. Then came 
William H. Jones, who also served a long term of years. His 
appointment by the postmaster general continued until July 9th, 
1836, when he was commissioned as the first presidential appointee. 
In 1842 he gave place to Henry Huggins, whose administration was 
short, continuing only two years. Edward A. Mitchell succeeded 
him, in October, 1844, and while he was postmaster he introduced the 
use of stamped envelopes, anticipating their use by the general 
government a number of years. It is said that Mr. Mitchell's method 
of using stainps was the first in the Union, and was at the time con- 
sidered a remarkable innovation. 

John B. Robertson became the postmaster June 14th, 1849, keeping 
the office in the Brewster Block. Lucius x\. Thomas succeeded him in 
1853, and in his administration the present post office building, on 
Church street, was erected in 1860, at a cost of more than igSOO.OOO. It 
was, at that period, one of the be.st buildings of the kind in the East. 

In April, 1861, Nehemiah D. Sperry was appointed postmaster by 
President Lincoln, and served with great acceptance for 24 years. 
Under the administration of President Cleveland he gave room for 
Benjamin R. English, as his successor, who, after four years, was him- 
self succeeded by his predecessor, Nehemiah D. Sperry, the present 
postmaster. The office ranks as the first in the state, and is near the 
head of the foremost ones in the Union. In 1888 8,000,000 pieces of 
mail matter were handled. 

The city has been much benefitted by its system of street rail- 



142 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ways, some of which have been successfully operated for 25 years. 
The oldest company was chartered in 1860, to build from Fair Haven 
East to Westville, and given franchises to build lateral lines. Many 
of the principal streets have been occupied, and all the main points 
of the city can be reached by it. Five other lines were subsequently 
chartered, namely: the New Haven and West Haven Company, to 
Savm Rock, in 1865: New Haven and Centerville, the same year, I'ln 
Broadway; «State Street, in 1868: New Haven and Allingtown, in 1872, 
and the Whitney Avenue, more recently. The latter companies were 
authorized, after the eranting- of their first charters, to modifv their 
lines, so as to build to the corner of Chapel and Church streets, which 
has become the point where all the lines now center, and from which 
place any part of the city or any of its suburbs can be speedily reached. 

The city is well .supplied with charitable and philanthropic institu- 
tions, the oldest and most extensive being the General Hospital of 
Connecticut. In May, 1826, the legislature chartered the General 
Hospital ^Society of the state, and appropriated $5,(i()() toward the 
erection of .such an institution. In the course of a few j'ears indi- 
vidual contributions were made to supplement that sum, and the first 
building of the kind was begun in New Haven. It was completed in 
July, 1832, and was of sandstone stuccoed, having an extreme length 
of lis feet. There were twenty rooms, and the whole expense of the 
building was about $12,()0(). In 1861 the hospital offered accommoda- 
tions for sick and wounded Union soldiers, and gradually its use for 
that purpose was extended until, in April, 186:5. a militaiy hospital 
was here established, with the name of the Knight General Hospital, 
in compliment to Doctor Jonathan Knight; $10,000 was expended upon 
temporary extensions, which increased the capacity to 1,500 beds. In 
the spring of 1865 the u.se of the hospital by the national government 
ceased, and it again reverted to its original use. In 1875 the hospital 
was enlarged, the new buildings being supplied with modern appli- 
ances, and the wards were so arranged that each patient could be 
given 1,600 cubic feet of air. These improvements cost 8^^8,000. The 
hospital grounds are at the corner of Howard and Congress avenues, 
and occupy an entire block. It is now well etjuipped, and is most 
efficient in its work. 

The New Haven Dispensary was organized in 1872, and has an 
office on York street, near the Yale Medical College, where its chosen 
work is well carried on, to the great benefit of those who need its help. 

The New Haven Orphan Asylum was begun in a very humble way 
in February, 1838. In 18.-)4 the late James Brewster offered to build a 
new asylum, on condition that the town would provide a proper site. 
His offer being accepted, he built a part of the present as3-lum soon 
after, and. in the course of eight yeai's, added a wing. His gifts to 
this object amounted to §20,000. The asylum has a good location on 
Elm street, and has become a noble charit\-. 



HISTORY OF NEW HA\'EX COUNTY. 143 

St. Francis Orphan Asylum, on Highland street, is maintained by 
the Roman Catholic parishes of the city. It was incorporated in May, 
1865, and commodious buildings have been erected for its use. In its 
chosen sphere this asylum has done good service, furnishing a home 
for about l.")() children. 

The New Haven Home for the Friendless was placed upon a 
permanent basis by a number of benevolent people .some time after 
its incorporation, in 1867. A comfortable place on Clinton avenue is 
occupied, and the home enlists the support of many charitable people. 
Its benefits have been extended to more than a thousand persons. 

The New Haven Aid Society had its origin in the fall of 1864, as a 
work and aid society, taking its present name in 1867. Its collections 
and disbursements in aid of those who need this assistance have been 
more than S2,(ino per year. 

There are numerous other charities in the city, and since 1878 
their work has been much systematized through the agency of the 
Board of Associated Charities. That body was organized June 1st, 
1878, and nearly all other bodies now cooperate with it to the mani- 
fest advantage of the community at large. 

In addition to the foregoing there are several Christian associa- 
tions, whose work is, to a large extent, philanthropic. The Young 
Men's Christian A.ssociation was organized a number of years ago, but 
interest in its work had greatly declined. In the past few years its 
usefulness has been extended, and fine quarters have been secured 
for it at a generous outlay of means. There are attractive parlors, 
reading and recreation rooms maintained both at New Haven and 
Fair Haven, and at the former place is also a large and well equipped 
gymnasium. Its work among young men has been revived, and its 
influence is again increasing. 

The Yoimg Women's Christian Association was organized in 1880, 
and became a corporate body two years later. A home in the interest 
of young ladies has been opened; gratuitous instruction has also been 
imparted. The mission of the as.sociation is a noble one, and good 
work has been done. 

There are 26 Masonic lodges, 28 Odd Fellows lodges and 37 other 
secret organizations, besides 27 temperance secret societies, making in 
all 118 secret organizations. There are also 114 societies for charit- 
able, benevolent and other purposes, aside from a number of mutual 
benefit, mutual aid and mutual insurance societies. 

There are five permanent political societies and eight military 
organizations. Twenty-five societies support or maintain rooms for 
social visiting and as places of amusement. Few cities excel New 
Haven in provisions of this nature. The oldest secret society is 
Hiram Lodge, No. 1, F. & A. M., which was instituted in 1750: and 
Franklin Chapter, No. 2, R. A. M., was instituted in 1795. All 
the other lodges were organized in the present century. 



CHAPTER III. 



TOWN AND CITY OF NEW HAVEN. 

Early School Teachers.-Hopkius Grammar School.-Other Early Schools. -Later Select 
Schools.-The Lancasterian School.-Graded Schools Established.-Present Condi- 
tion of Public Schools.-Yale University.-The Periodical Press. -First Congrega- 
tional Chiirch.-North Church.-Yale College Church.-Third Congregational 
Chiirch.-Dixwell Avenue Church.-College Street Church.- Church of the 
Redeemer.— Davenport Church.-Howard Avenue Church.-Humphrey Street 
Church.— Taylor Church.-Dwight Place Church.-Ferry Street Church.-Eman- 
uel Church.— First Presbyterian Church.— Trinity Church.— St. Paul's Church.— 
St. John's Church.— Church of the Ascension.- St. Thomas' Church.— Christ 
Chin-ch.— Grace Church.— St. Luke's Church.— All Saints' Chapel.-Trinity Chapel. 
—Methodist Churches.— Baptist Churches.— Lutherans.— Second Adventists.— Uui- 
versalists.— Hebrews.— Roman Catholics.— Cemeteries.— Fair Haven.— WestviUe.— 
Biographical Sketches. 

THE planters of Ouinnipiac brought a schoolmaster with them, 
in the person of Ezekiel Cheever, at that time but 23 years old. 
As soon as his house could be prepared for that purpose the 
school was opened, for the early settlers believed in education, and 
this matter from the beginning received their most careful attention. 
One of his pupils, in 1639, Michael Wigglesworth, bears testitnony to 
the proficiency of Mr. Cheever, when he says, "In a year or two I 
profited so much, through the blessing of God, that I began to make 
Latin and to get on apace." His salary was about $150 per year, and 
he taught here about twelve years, when he removed to Ipswnch. He 
was also an author, and his book called " Accidence, or Short Intro- 
duction to the Latin Tongue," was one of the first text books in this 
country, and was used in schools for 150 years. Cotton Mather thus 
spoke of this book: 

" A mighty tribe of well-instructed youth 
Tell what they owe to him, and tell with trutli. 
All the eight parts of speech he taught to them, 
They now employ to trumpet his esteem. 
M(l^istcr pleas'd them well because 'twas he; 
They say that bo^ii/s did with it agree. 
While they said ai/n>, they the hint improve, 
llim for to make the olijecl of their love. 
No concord so inviolate they knew 
As to pay honor to their master due. 
With interjections they break off at last. 
But ah is all they use, oh and alas! 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 145 

"He lived, and to vast age no illness knew; 
Till Time's scythe, waiting for him, rusty grew. 
He lived a.n&. luroiight: his labors were immense; 
But ne'er declined to praeter perfect tense." 

He died in Boston in 1708, in the 94th year of his age, having, in all 
these years, borne the reputation of being one of the most successful 
teachers of his time. 

The town secured the services of other teachers as instructors of 
its boys, there being at that time but little attention paid to the edu- 
cation of girls, many of them not being able, even, to write their own 
names. In 1657 ex-Governor Edward Hopkins died in England, leaving 
large legacies to executors in the colonies, " for the breeding up of 
hopeful 3'ouths both at the grammar school and college, for the public 
service of the country in future times." 

This fund made it possible to carry out what Mr. Davenport had 
designed from the beginning: " that a small college should be settled 
at New Haven." In 1660 a small collegiate school was established by 
New Haven colony, and four years later this was absorbed into the 
Hopkins Grammar School, which has almost uninterruptedly been con- 
tinued since that time. It has justly become celebrated, and is one of 
the oldest schools of this kind in America. It is controlled by a board 
of trustees, most of whom are connected with Yale University. It is 
now mainly a preparatory school for that institution, and contains 
students from all parts of the country. The excellent high schools in 
various parts of the county have, in a large mea.sure, relieved it of 
local patronage. After 1716 this school and Yale afforded the young 
men all the privileges they wanted to acquire a higher education, but 
schools for the co-education of the sexes, or for young ladies alone, 
were also early established. Among the schools of that nature, a 
century and a half ago, were those of Samuel Mix and Moses Mans- 
field. Abel Moses had a select school for young ladies as early as 
1783, and was as.sisted by Jedediah Morse, who .subsequently became 
known as the " father of American geography." The American and 
Orleans Academies were in existence in 1790; and in 1799 Jared Mans- 
field, LL. D., was at the head of a select school. 

In 1806 the New Haven Union School, for both sexes, was ably 
maintained and largely patronized. About 1810 the New Township 
Academy was erected in the eastern part of the city, and was kept up 
until 1831. Contemporary with this, in the western part of the city, 
was the school for young ladies, kept by Reverend Claudius Herrick. 
Other reputable schools were kept by Reverend John M. Garfield and 
Miss S. Hotchkiss. Dwight's Gymnasium, by Sereno E. and Henry 
Dwight, brothers, was very popular for a time, but did not long 
continue. 

Of the later private schools, the most important are the West End 
Institute, for young ladies, established in 1870, by Mrs. Sarah L.Cady; 
10 



146 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the Collegiate and Commercial Institute, for boys, founded b\' General 
William H. Ru.s.sell in lS3fi, and the Business College, in the Insur- 
ance Building. 

In 1790 an effort was made to elevate the standard of the city 
schools, but apparently without much success, and several scores of 
years elapsed before the schools were placed upon an effective basis. 

" A Lirz/nrs/irin// Sf/wo/ was opened, with '240 .scholars, on the 22d 
of April, IS22, in the basement of the Methodi,st church on the green, 
by John E. Lovell, a pupil of Lancaster, in England, Hundreds of 
pupils were simultaneously taught by a classified system of monitors 
among the boys; the younger were taught by the older, and they in 
turn were taught by the head of the school. Beside the ordinary 
monitors, there were six monitor generals, all bearina: badges. The 
school was highly popular, and some of our strong men received there 
their only schooling. In 1,S27 the city built a new .school building, 
near the site of the high school, on Orange street, which Mr. Lovell 
conducted on the Lancaster plan. Prior to this the town did not own 
a single school building, excepting a slight structure in Fair Haven, 
of no special value,"* 

After about thirty years, in which Mr. Lovell diligently devoted 
himself to teaching, he retired from the .schoolroom, but lived at New 
Haven until he was more than 90 years old, and was universally 
respected. The Lancasterian system gave place to graded schools, 
which were established in the city in 1854. Two years thereafter the 
city board of education was organized, and that body has since con- 
trolled and managed the schools, the city district at present embrac- 
ing all of the town of New Haven, except the Westville section, 
which forms a separate di.strict. The city district has a number of 
sub-districts, each of which has its own buildings and, in a certain 
sense, its own management, conforming to the general plan, and 
being under the direction of a city supeiintendent. There are twelve 
grades in the course of instruction, and the standard of graduation is 
very high. It ends in the completion of the course in the Hillhouse 
High vSchool, which was established in LS.")'.). The present elegant 
building on Orange street was erected in 1S72, at a cost of $125,000. 
It has a seating capacity for 400 students. The buildings of the town 
accommodate more than 15,000 pupils, and more than a dozen of the 
thirty-odd structures seat GOO each. The schools are maintained at a 
yearly outlay of nearly $400,000, and are reputed among the best in 
New England. 

The following account of Yale University was prepared for this 
work by Reverend Frank Countryman. 

Sixtj'-five years after the colonization of Connecticut was begun, 
and sixty-three after that of New Haven, a serious attempt was made 
toward the founding of what is now Vale University. Harvard Col- 
* Henry Howe. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 147 

lege, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, was already in existence, having 
been founded in 1636, by graduates of Engli.sh universities. The col- 
lege of William and Mary, in Virginia, had been chartered in 1693. 
The two institutions supplied means for the higher education of the 
infant colonies. But the jseople of Connecticut and New Haven, 
friendly toward learning, desired a collegiate institution in their own 
midst. So, in 1701, we begin to find traces of a movement to estab- 
lish a college. Foremost among the promoters of the new enterprise 
was the Reverend James Pierpont, pastor of the New Haven church, 
and a graduate of Harvard, in the year 1681. Equally interested was 
the Reverend Abraham Pierson, a graduate of Harvard, in the year 
1668, of Killingworth, now Clinton. These two clergymen met 
together, with their brother ministers, to consult as to the expediency 
of founding a college. They sought the advice of leading laymen 
and ministers in Boston and Cambridge and elsewhere, and finally, if 
tradition be correct, a few of the Connecticut pastors met together in 
Branford, about the last of September, 1701. They then gave, it is 
stated, a collection of books as a foundation for a college in the . 
colony. It is evident that nothing more than a general line of policy 
had been adopted at this meeting in Branford, to be developed later. 
No details as to the government of the proposed college had as yet 
teen worked out. 

In the meanwhile, Pierpont and others had sent on to Boston a 
paper of suggestions for a draft of a charter to be procured from the 
legislature, which was to meet in New Haven October 9th. Such a 
charter was framed, probably on October 16th, as follows: 

•' An act for Liberty to erect a Collegiate School: Whereas several 
well disposed, and Publick spirited Persons of their sincere Regard to 
& Zeal for upholding & Propagating of the Christian Protestant 
Religion by a succession of Learned & Orthodox men have expressed 
by Petition their earnest desires that full Liberty & Priveledge be 
granted unto certain Undertakers for the founding, suitably endow- 
ing & ordering a Collegiate School within his Maj"'"^ Colony of Con- 
necticot wherein Youth may be instructed in the Arts & Sciences who 
thorough the blessing of Almighty God may be fitted for Publick 
employment both in Church & Civil State. To the intent therefore 
that all due incouragement be Given to such Pious Resolutions and 
that so necessary & Religious an undertaking may be sett forward, 
supported & well managed: — 

" Be it Enacted by the Govern'' & Company of the s'l Colony of 
Connecticot, in General Court now Assembled, And it is enacted & 
ordained by the Authority of the .same that there be & hereby is full 
Liberty, Right and Priveledge Granted unto the Reverend M'' James 
Noyes of Stonnington, M*- Israel Chauncey of Stratford, M-- Thomas 
Buckingham of Saybrook, M"- Abraham Pierson of Kennelworth, 
M' Samuel Mather of Windsor, M'' Samuel Andrew of Millford, 



148 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

M'' Timothy Woodbridge of Hartford, !M'' James Pierpout of New 
Haven, M'' Noadiah Russell of Middletown, M'' Joseph Webb of Fair- 
field, being Rev'' ministers of the Gospel, & inhabitants within ye 
s^ Colony, proposed to stand as Trustees, Partners, or Undertakers for 
the s'' School, to them & their successors. To Erect, form, direct, order, 
establish, improve and att all times in all suitable wayes for the future 
to encourage the s'' vSchool in such convenient place or Places, & in 
such form & manner, & under such order & Rules as to them shall 
seem meet & most conducive to the afores'' end thereof, so as such 
Rules or Orders be not Repugnant to the Laws of the Civil Governm^ 
as also to imploy the moneys or any other estate which shall be 
Granted by this Court or otherwise Contributed to that use according 
to their discretion for the benefit of the s'' Collegiate vSchool from time 
to time & att all times henceforward. 

" And be it further Enacted by the Authority afores'' that the 
before named Trustees, Partners or Undertakers together with such 
others as they shall associate to themselves (not exceeding the num- 
ber of Eleven, or att any time being less than Seven, Provided also 
that Persons nominated or associated from time to time to fill up 
s'' number be ministers of the gospel inhabiting within this Colony & 
above the Age of forty years) or the major Part of them, the 
s'' M'' James Noyes [etc] undertakers, & of such Persons so chosen & 
associated as aboves'' att any time hereafter. Have and shall have 
henceforward the oversight, full & compleat Right, Liberty, power, & 
Priveledge to furnish, direct, manage, order, improve & encourage 
from time to time & in all times hereafter the s'' Collegiate School so 
Erected & formed by them in such ways, orders & manner, & by such 
Persons, Rector or master and officers appointed b\f them, as shall 
according to their best discretion be most conducible to attaine the 
afores'^' mentioned end thereof. 

"And Moreover it is Enacted & ordered by the Governor, Council 
& Representatives of y'^ Colony afores'' met in General Assembly — 

"That the s'' M"' James Noyes [etc] Undertakers, Trustees or Part- 
ners, & ye s<i Persons taken from time to time into Partnership, or 
associated as afores"^ with themselves shall Have & receive & it is 
hereby Given and Granted unto them, the full & just .sum of one 
hundred & twenty pounds in Country Pay to be paid Annually & 
att all times hereafter until this court order otherwi.se, to them & 
to such Person or Persons only as they shall appoint &- impower to 
Receiv the same, to be faithfully disposed of by ye s'' Trustees, 
Partners or Undertakers for the end afore.s'' according to their dis- 
cretion, which s'' sum shall be raised & Paid in such ways & man- 
ners & att such a value as y'' Country Rates of .s'' Colony are & have 
been usually raised & Paid. 

" It is also further Enacted by the Authority afore.s'' that the 
s'' Undertakers and Partners cV their successors be & herebv are 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN" COUNTV. 149 

further impowered to have, accept, acquire, purchase, or otherwise 
lawfuHy enter upon Anj' Lands, Tenements & Hereditam" to the 
use of the s'' School, not exceeding the value of five hundred 
Pounds p'' Ann, & any Goods, Chattels, Sum or Sums of money 
whatsoever as have heretofore already been Granted, bestowed, 
bequeathed, devised or settled by any Person or Persons whatsoever 
upon & to & for the use of y'= s<i School towards the founding, erect- 
ing or endowing the same, & to sue for. Recover & receiv all such 
Gifts, Legacies, bequests, annuities, Rents, issues & profits arising 
therefrom & to imploy the same accordingly, & out of y estate, 
Revenues. Rents, profits, incoms, accrueing & belonging to s^^ School 
to support & pay as the s'' Undertakers shall agree & see cause, the 
s<^ Rector or Master, Tutors, L'shers or other officers their Respective 
annual Salaries or Allowances. As also for the encouragemt of the 
Students to grant degrees or Licences as they or those deputed by 
them shall see cause to order & appoint." 

Under this charter an organization of the " Collegiate School " was 
effected in November, 1701, in Saybrook, at the mouth of the Con- 
necticut river. The seven trustees present at the organization voted 
to fix the school at Saybrook, and chose the Reverend Mr. Pierson as 
rector. Saybrook seems to have been chosen as the site for the school 
because it was a convenient spot, where two streams of population 
met. The line of towns on the Connecticut river met there the line 
of coast towns. But the inconveniences arising from the small popu- 
lation of the place, together with other embarrassments, which 
naturall}^ pressed upon a new institution in a small and poor colony, 
nearly crushed the school in its infancy. The first rector, Mr. Pierson, 
never lived there, because the funds available would not permit the 
erection of a building suitable for his accommodation. For this 
reason the students were kept at Killingworth until Mr. Pierson's 
death, in 1707. However, the school was organized and started with 
a course of theological instruction outlined b}' the trustees for Mr. 
Pierson's guidance. As to other matters in the curriculum and the 
general administration of the school, the rules of Harvard College 
were to be followed. 

The first student who offered himself was Jacob Hemingway of 
New Haven. He presented himself in March, 1702. and on Septem- 
ber 16th the first commencement was held at the house of the Rever- 
end Thomas Buckingham, at Saybrook Point, in the present town of 
Old Saybrook. At this commencement the degree of master of arts 
was conferred on four young Harvard bachelors, and also on Nathaniel 
Chauncey, of Stratford. "He had been privately educated by his 
uncle. His name thus stands as the first on the roll of the academical 
graduates of Yale University. In the same month of September 
more students entered, and a tutor was appointed to assist in instruc- 
tion. The institution depended for support on the tuition fees of the 



inO HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

few students and the annual grant of /"120 in " country pay " from the 
colony legislature, as promi.sed in the charter. The revenues were 
thus not very great, the i^l20 " country pay " being equal in itself to 
only ^"80 in money. Through the generosity of Mr. Nathaniel Lynde 
a small house and lot of land, on Saybrook Point, were offered in 
1702 for the use of the school. The annual commencements were 
always attended in the same locality. 

The rector, Mr. Pierson, died after a short illness March Hth, 1707, 
at the age of 01. He has left behind him a reputation for good 
scholarship and practical wisdom as an administrator. A manuscript 
text book on natural philosophy, drawn up by him, was in use by the 
students for a quarter of a century; and an old oak arm chair, said to 
have been in his possession, stands in the library of the university. 
On the college grounds stands, in a conspicuous position, an idealized 
statue representing him in classic pose. 

After his death the Reverend Samuel Andrew, of Milford, one of 
the original trustees, was put in nominal charge as rector. It was not 
expected, however, that he should remove to Saybrook. The instruc- 
tion there was carried on by two young tutors. This arrangement was 
decidedly un.satisfactory, for the institution languished for six or 
seven years. In 1713 efforts were begun for gifts to the school, espe- 
cially by Jeremiah Dummer, the agent for Connecticut at London. As 
a result, nearly 1,000 volumes of great value were sent from England 
in 1714-15. Many of these, it is said, can still be identified. Among 
them were gifts from such men as Sir Isaac Newton, Richard vSteele, 
Richard Bentley, Edmund Halley, Matthew Henry, Sir Edmund 
Andros, Elihu Yale and others. It was at this time, apparently, that 
Governor Yale's attention was first turned toward the school. 

Encouraged by these gifts, the trustees addressed petitions to the 
colony legislature for means to build a house to shelter the school. In 
the year 1710 a grant of .'')00 pounds for this object was made. The 
.school seemed now about to enter upon a permanent career. But 
opposition to the location at vSaybrook was soon manifest. Hartford 
and New Haven, more prominent and populous places, entered into 
competition not only with Saybrook, but also with each other. 
Finally, however, a majority of the trustees voted for New Haven, 
where a popular .subscription for the college reached a higher figure 
than either Saybrook or Hartford could produce. The decisive vote 
was passed in October, 1716, and committees were raised to proceed 
with the erection of a rector's house and a college at New Haven in 
the following spring. But this action did not give complete satisfac- 
tion. Hartford was not pleased, nor was Saybrook. Of the two tutors 
appointed along with the vote to build at New Haven one immedi- 
ately established himself there with a dozen students. The other, 
under the influence of Hartford, established himself at Wethersfield 
with as manv, if not more, students. Thus a rival school was estab- 



HISTORY 0I-- NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 151 

lished, with which Mr. Eli.sha Williams, a Harvard graduate and of 
high repute as an instructor, was connected. At Saybrook three or 
four students, under the care of the village pastor, a former tutor, still 
remained. The school thus was split up into sections. The work of 
locating at New Haven, however, still went on. On September 11th, 
1717. commencement was celebrated for the first time in New Haven. 
Two weeks later the trustees bought one and one-quarter acres at the 
southea.st corner of what is now the College Square. On this lot of 
land the building was raised October 8th, 1717, and occupied one year 
from that day. It was of wood, and architecturally an ambitious 
structure."" The plan was drawn by Governor Saltonstall. It was 
about 170 feet long, 22 feet deep, three stories high, with an attic. 
There were in it a dining hall, used also as a chapel, a library, 22 
sets of rooms for students, each of which would accommodate three 
persons. Up to this time, in all probability, as many as thirty pensons 
had never been in attendance at the school at any one time. Plans 
were thus laid for a great future enlargement. 

At this time the friends of Hartford seem to have abandoned all 
hopes of defeating the New Haven project, through the interference 
of the legislature, and. in June, 1719, the school in Wethersfield was 
finally adjourned to New Haven. The chief agents in' securing this 
result were Governor Saltonstall and the Reverend John Davenport, 
of Stamford. There yet remained Saybrook, which was still fiercely 
opposed to the removal of the college to New Haven. Although the 
colony legislature tried to soothe the feelings of the disappointed 
town by voting a gratuity of 50 pounds to the public .school of that 
place, it was unconvinced. When steps were taken, at the request of 
the legislature, to remove to New Haven the college property still in 
Saybrook, much opposition was shown. The angry gentleman in 
who.se hands had been left the library of perhaps 1,300 volumes, and 
the records of the trustees, persisted in ignoring the claims of " Yale 
College "f to the assets of the Collegiate School. His neighbors sup- 
ported him in this attitude, and it was not till the sheriff's aid was 
called in that the requisition of the legislature was perforce honored. 
Even then, a disgraceful series of outrages took place, by which one- 
fifth of the library was lost, together with the records of the trustees 
for the Saybrook period of their history. Yale College now began to 
have a local habitation and a name. Hitherto she had been the Col- 
legiate School at Saybrook, with no buildings worthy the name, and 
with her pupils scattered. She was now to enter upon a career worthy 
of her character. The outlook was favorable, and the hopes of her 
friends grew stronger. 

*The building wa,s painted a lead or blue color, and hence was l.nig known 
as the " Bhie College." 

+ At this time the name Yale apphed properly to the building only, but. 
naturally, was also given to the school. 



ir>'2 HISTOKV OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Yale College was first known by that name in 1718. The influence 
of Cotton Mather had led Governor Yale to send a cargo of gifts to 
the new institution. Besides a large box of books and a portrait of 
the king, which is still in existence, there were sent East India goods 
inventoried at i'20(.), from which was realized, in the Boston market, 
£5Q2. 12 shillings, sterling. These gifts were sent for the benefit of 
the new Collegiate School at New Haven. The commencement of 
1718 was a joyful one, and, in gratitude to the donor, the name Yale 
College was applied to the institution in its new home. 

The man thus commemorated was of New Haven stock. His 
father, David Yale, as a youth, had taken part in the founding of the 
new town, but had soon migrated to Boston, where Elihu Yale is sup- 
posed to have been born, in 1648. From there the family returned to 
England. The son, in 1670, went to India to seek his fortune. He 
found employment there, rose rapidly to the position of governor or 
president of the settlement at Madras, and in 1699 came back to Eng- 
land enormously rich, but without a son to inherit his wealth. He 
died in 1721. 

The college now being on a good foundation, the next thing to be 
done was to find a resident rector, in whom all could put confidence. 
The jjerson chosen was Reverend Timothy Cutler, a son-in-law of 
Rector Andrew. He was a graduate of Harvard, and had, for nine 
years, been settled over the Congregational church in Stratford, Con- 
necticut. He had made a favorable impression as to ability, and at 
once accepted the position of rector. He entered upon his duties in 
the year 1719. A house for his occupation was built in 1722, near the 
site of the present College Street church. It was used by sticcessive 
presidents to the close of the century. Funds for its erection were 
given by Governor Yale, by private subscription, and by the churches 
in the colony, which took necessary collections. The balance needed 
was furnished by the assembly from the proceeds of a tax upon rum. 

In 1722 the new rector's career came to a sudden end. At the 
commencement of that year it was made known that the rector, the 
tutor and five neighboring clergymen had under consideration the 
cjuestion of declaring for Episcopacy. At that date the Church of 
England had few avowed members in Connecticut, and not one gath- 
ered congregation. The minds of men were filled with apprehension 
and alarm. A formal deposition of the rector took place, the resigna- 
tion of the tutor was accepted, and an act passed imposing a test of 
theological soundness, by which the faith and church theories of the 
Puritans should be maintained. To this test all officers of instruction 
were asked to .subscribe. This provision was retained until 1823. 
Two new tutors, on this new basis, were immediately cho.sen and 
inducted into office. It was not, however, till after a wide search that 
a new rector was cho.sen. He was the Reverend Elisha Williams, the 
same who had been connected with the school at Wethersfield. He 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. ].~):1 

came into office in 172.-). He was a man well known for his success in 
teaching, his wide acquaintance among civilians and clergy, and by 
the prominence of his family. For fourteen years he gave himself up 
to the work of teaching in the college, with fidelity and success. 
Under his wise administration there was a steady enlargement of 
resources. An additional tutor was appointed in 1728. The trustees 
appointed a standing committee, out of which has grown the pru- 
dential committee, the working body of the corporation for the last 
ninety years. 

The most notable incident of Rector Williams's time was the suc- 
cession of valuable gifts received in 1731-3 from the generous George 
Berkeley, dean of Deny, afterward bishop of Cloyne. He came to 
Rhode Island in 1729, in the hope of founding a college in Bermuda. 
Having been disappointed in this hope, he returned to England. He 
then gave to Yale College, as a foundation for graduate scholarships, 
and undergraduate prizes, his estate of " White Hall," near Newport.' 
He also sent about- nine hundred volumes to the library. This act of 
generosity on the part of Bishop Berkeley, a member of the Church 
of England, may be accounted for on the grounds of his acquaintance 
and friend.ship with Reverend Samuel Seabury, a graduate of Yale 
<1714) and a former tutor, who had gone over to Episcopacy with 
Rector Cutler. The Berkeley scholarships and prizes are still offered, 
while some of the books have long since disappeared. A painting of 
Bishop Berkeley and his family is in possession of the university. 

In October, 1739, Rector Williams resigned his office on account of 
impaired health, and Reverend Thomas Clap succeeded, in April, 
1740. The new rector was a native of Scituate, in Massachusetts, and 
a Harvard graduate (as usual ). He had been for thirteen years pastor 
of the church in Windham, Connecticut. His administration lasted 
until September, 1766, and was thus one of the longest which the col- 
lege has known. It was also most eventful. Having already been 
con.spicuous among the younger ministry of the colony, it was 
expected that he would bring abundant energy and practical sense to 
the service of the 'college, as well as exact scholarship. He justified 
these expectations. New impulse was given to college interests at 
every point. He was felt as an administrator outside, for he secured 
an extension of the chartered powers of the college. He resisted 
successfully an attempt at visitorial interference. He withdrew the 
college congregation in the face of violent opposition, from the New 
Haven church to a position within the college walls. Within the col- 
lege his administrative powers were quickly and strongly shown. He 
systematized the laws for the students. He broadened the course of 
study, so that it might be abrea.st of the age. He developed the 
tutorial, and introduced the professorial system, so that the college 
might be raised to the highest state of efficiency. He made a new 
arrangement of books in the librar}^ and prepared a catalogue, that 



154 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the library might be of more practical value. He secured an increase 
of funds for the college, and during his term of office additional 
buildings were erected. 

The earlier years of his administration were marked with religious 
ao-itations. New England, throughout its length and breadth, was 
divided into the hostile camps of the "New Lights ana -'Old 
Lio-hts." President Clap espoused the cau.se of the " (31d Lights, and 
stored as a champion of orthodoxy. Consequently, he was an ardent 
supporter of the government policy of repression of all - ^ew Light 
revival movements. The evidences of his vigor and orthodoxy were, 
at first, generally acceptable. The legislature, under his influence, 
o ranted an increase of the colony grant in 1743, by means of which he 
was able to secure an additional tutor for the .staff of instruction. 
More than this he secured for the college. In 1745 the legislature 
passed a new charter, drafted by President Clap, without a single 
chano-e This charter is noteworthy, among other things, that it 
made" legal the name "Yale College," which, before this, had been 
applied to the single building .standing upon the college grounds, it 
now <xave this designation to the institution as a whole. The charter 
also changed the titles of rector and trustees to president and fellows 
This chano-e signified more than an alteration of names. It involved 
the exaltation of the president to the leadership of the corporation. 
T^efore this time the rector was only one among the trustees. Besides 
this more explicit and liberal statement of powers and privileges, 
conferred in 1701 and 17-23, was made. A fellow might also be 
removed, if occasion should require. 

Under this charter the college moved forward for .some years witli 
increasing prosperity. The number of students increased and new 
buildings were erected. In 17o0-2 a brick college was built by help 
from the legislature, which gave more than £:i,.H)0. The building 
was originally known as " Connecticut Hall," but is now commonly 
called "South Middle." It is the oldest of the buildings now stand- 
mo- on the college grounds. In 1757-8 the college built a house for 
the incumbent of the professorship of divinity, established m 1/55. 
This house stood on York street, near where the Medical College now 
stands In 1761 the work of erecting a college chapel was begun. All 
available college funds were absorbed in the enterprise, and subscrip- 
tions were secured, but there remained, in spite ot all efforts by the 
president, a deficit. 

In 1757 a college church of twelve members (eight of them under- 
cxraduates) was formed. This was the outcome of the withdrawal of 
The college congregation from the church in New Haven, Reverend 
losenh Noyes, pastor. President Clap feared the influence of Mr. 
Noyes' preachino-. The latter had become decidedly unpopular 
because of his vague doctrinal .statements and his dull preachmg. 
So when Philip Livingston, of the Manor of Livingston, in New 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. ]55, 

York province, gave to the college the sum of ^28, lOs., sterling, 
It was voted by the corporation, through President Clap's influence^ 
to appropriate this sum to a fund for a professorship of divinity. In 
1753 the president was directed to hold regular services in the College 
Hall. At the same time strong declarations were adopted, securing 
for the future the adherence of the college to the Westminster and 
. Saybrook standards. In 1755 Reverend Naphtali Daggett, a graduate 
of seven years standing, was secured to fill the professorship of 
divinity and to act as college preacher. 

In the meantime, during this .season of energetic work, opposition 
began to be manifest against President Clap. He had rendered him- 
self obnoxious to many by his course in regard to the religious posi- 
tion of the college. In 1755 pamphlets were issued against him and 
his policy. In the same year the legislature refu.sed to give the usual 
grant to the college. Further than this, a proposal of visitation on 
the part of the colony authorities was openly made by some members- 
of the corporation in 1758. The matter was pushed to a test in 1763 
by representative clergymen and laymen in a memorial to the legis- 
lature. But the president was equal to the occasion. He met, single- 
handed, two of the ablest lawyers of the day, representing the 
memorialists, and vanquished them in argument, notwithstanding his 
unpopularity. He claimed the independent right of the corporation, 
as representatives of the founders, to manage the afifairs of the college 
without being subject to visitation from the legislature. 

President Clap had now triumphed in what was, perhaps, the 
greatest contest of his life, but disorders were rife among the stu- 
dents, fomented by enemies of the college and his administration. 
The unfortunate inefficiency of some of the tutors aided in this. The 
college was almost in a state of anarchy. In consequence of all these 
troubles, oppressed with the approach of old age and infirmity, he felt 
compelled to resign, in 1766, the position he had held for so many 
years. He died at New Haven January 7th, 1767, less than four 
months after his resignation. His lot was cast in stormy times. It 
was, undoubtedly, well that Yale College then had at the head a man 
of so much energy, decision and ability. The institution received, 
during his administration, many improvements, and stood upon a 
higher footing than before. He has left behind a small volume of 
"Annals of the College History," which was published in 1766, and is, 
for many particulars, our only authority. 

In closing the account of this administration, it may be noted that 
David Brainerd, now known as one of the most prominent of 
American Christians, was expelled from the college. This took place 
in the winter of 1741-2, in consequence of his religious opinions. 

After the resignation of President Clap some difficulty was experi- 
enced in finding a successor. The corporation elected to the presi- 
dency Reverend James Lockwood.but he declined the office. Finally, 



inr; history of new haven county. 

the professor of theology, Reverend Naphtali Daggett, was elected 
president /TO-Zrw/wr. This arrangement continued for nearly eleven 
years. These years, from 17156 to 1777, were years of political excite- 
ment. The opening scenes of the American revoliition were then 
taking place. I\Iany of the students left to join the army, and, before 
the close of the war, arrangements were made for the freshman class 
to reside in Farmington, the sophomores and seniors in Glastonbury. 
The progress of the college during these years was comparativelj- 
slow. There was, however, a succession of brilliant young men, who 
filled the tutorial office. They did much to redeem the otherwise 
backward condition of the college. Among them was John Trumbull, 
author of " MacFingal," said to have passed through many editions, 
and Timothy Dwight, who, at the age of 19, wrote the "'Conquest of 
Canaan." These men inspired their students with new zeal for learn- 
ing and new subjects of thought. In 1770 the corporation established 
a new professorship of natural philosophy, to which Reverend Xehe- 
miah Strong, formerly a tutor, and then pastor of the church in East 
(iranby, Connecticut, was appointed. He held the position till Decem- 
ber, 1781. 

One noteworthy change under the administration of Doctor 
Daggett should be noted, which shows the march of public sentiment. 
It was the adoption, in the year 1767, of an alphabetical arrange- 
ment in the class lists of the students. Hitherto the names had been 
placed in the order of family rank and respectability. The Triennial 
Catalogue still retains the latter arrangement for the classes down to 
1767. Another evidence of democratic tendencies was shown in the 
year 1768, b)' the formation of a new literary society among the 
.students, called the Brothers in Unity. The older Linonian Society, 
formed in 1753, was supposed to embody the aristocratic principle, so 
the other was started in opposition. These two societies had great 
influence over the students till they began to lose power in 18.")(\ 
owing to the formation of smaller class societies. In 1771 the stu- 
dents grew uneasy under the unpopular control of Doctor Daggett, 
and. as the spirit of re.stlessness continued, he refused, in 1777, to dis- 
charge the duties of the presidency any longer. The college again 
was without a head. Owing to the condition of the times and the 
opposition still existing again,st the college, there was need of an able, 
judicious and learned man to meet the juncture. That man the corpo- 
ration found in the Reverend Doctor Ezra Stiles. .\t the comtnence- 
ment, in 1777, the fellows, with the general approval of the public, 
elected Doctor Stiles to the vacant office of president. Doctor Stiles 
was a graduate of the college in 1746, had long and successfully 
served in the office of tutor, had been a friend of President Clap, and 
was greatly devoted to the college interests. No better inan could 
have been cho.sen. He was of New Haven stock, and had been pastor 
of the church in Newport until driven out by the war. He had then 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 157 

gone to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where he had ministered to a 
congregation. After some consideration Doctor Stiles accepted the 
presidency, but did not remove to the college until June, 1778. He 
found a bad state of affairs. The students were much demoralized by 
their irregular residence during the pa.st two years. The college had, 
during these years, been practically broken up and the several clas.ses 
scattered, owing to financial derangement and the want of provisions. 
Doctor Stiles was an ardent patriot, and labored hard for a closer 
union between the college and the state. In this hope he persevered 
during the dark days of the revolution and the confederation. The 
two professors whom he had found in the college when he entered 
upon his duties soon left him. Doctor Daggett, the professor of the- 
ology, shouldered a musket in defense of the college and town when 
it was invaded in 1779, and was taken prisoner by the Briti.sh. Four- 
teen months later he died, his death being hastened by the brutal 
treatment at the hands of the enemy.'--" Profes.sor Strong, on the other 
hand, was too much of a loyalist to relish his position in the college, 
and resigned his place in December, 1781. 

Thus additional duties fell upon Doctor vStiles. He not only 
instructed the senior class in mental and moral philosophy, but also 
in ecclesiastical history, of which he had been constituted professor, 
at his own desire. He seems to have been competent to fill any of the 
professorships, for, when they were vacant, he took upon himself 
their duties. He gave lectures on mathematics, natural philosophy 
and astronomy. In addition to these labors he had to look out for the 
interests of a larger body of students than there had been at the col- 
lege before. The places of those who had gone to the arfny were 
more than filled by those who desired to profit by exemption from 
military service, secured by law to members of the college com- 
munity. At the end of the war, in 1783, on the rolls were 270 under- 
graduates, as against 132 in 1777 and 139 in 1787. 

In 1782 an attempt was made to fill the professorship of divinity. 
Reverend Samuel Wales, of Milford, was inducted into office, but in 
1783, being attacked by a nervous disorder, by means of which he 
was partially disabled, he struggled along for ten years, until his 
retirement, in 1793. The duties of the office, again made vacant, fell 
upon Doctor Stiles. 

During these dismal and trying years the college was cheered by a 
few contributions to its permanent resources. Among them was a gift 
of a tract of land from Reverend Doctor Richard Salter, of Mansfield, 
Connecticut. The avails of this land, amounting to $3,700. were to 
endow a professorship of Hebrew and other Oriental languages. 
Other gifts were given for the library, and a new philosophical appa- 
ratus. These gifts were very welcome, as the college had suffered 
serious losses during the revolutionary period. In the autumn of 

* See account of the invasion of New Haven. 



258 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

1782 a new brick building was erected m the rear of the other bmld^ 
rngs, to serve as a common dining hall and k>chent was later 
kn^own and used as a chemical laboratory The " ^"^ ^^ ^^^^^ 
erected in 1717-18, m front of the present ^ff^ College lad fa^^^^^^^ 
into decav and was removed in the winter of 17 /;.-(.. ^Mth the excep 
t"on of the hall and kitchen at the south end. These were retained 
until the erection of the new building mentioned above. 

Toward the close of Doctor Stiles' presidency the do er t^n on 
between college and .state was at last realized. He had hoped foi 
and worked fo^r it all these years. His labors had been -"-^ - - 
the face of much opposition. Outside sentiment had not glo^ n 
fa orlble to the colleg'e. It was occa,sionally the subject o maliciou^ 
comment in the press, of pamphlet attack of -^-^^^^^^^ ^^^f^'u^' 
lature. as in President Clap's time. Unally. m ' '^^''^^llj'^^^^^^ 
adopted a plan suggested by the Honorable James H^l^h;;;^' ™ 
-of the coUege.by which, in return for a grant of -^^ ^^^^^^^^^ 
state treasury, the governor, lieutenant governor and the six senior 
mtblrTof^he U^^per House, for the time ^eing became ..-.#.. 
members of the corporation. The new arrangemnt took effect b> 
the ratification of the old corporation m June, 1/92. Its wisdom was 
vindicated by the advantages experienced. It met the outside demand 
lor state oversight, and was not distasteful to the president and 
.clerical fellows ^^_^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^,^^^ 

of betJer accommodations for the student. This building is now 

known as South College. ,^,-nfpssor 

In October, 1794. after a vacancy of thirteen years the piofes.sor- 
ship of mathematics and natural philosophy was filled by the appoint- 
m nt of Josiah Meigs, a graduate of 1778, who had just re u ned 
Lm Bermuda, and who, as tutor in the college some years befoie, 
.had shown special aptitude for these studies. 

'just at thl time, when signs of returning ^^o^^^^T'^!^^ 

Doctor Stiles died after a brief attack of fever. May 12th ^^^^''^^^l 

«Sth vear of his a^e. He had devoted all his powers, for seventeen 

vt^-s' tTthe in er^sts of the college, and had seen it advance steadily 

n opular reputation and in solid usefulness. President Stiles was a 

an of creat versatility, and was interested in almost every branch 

of taming. He kept voluminous journals which have been o^ great 

assistance to the historians of the period m which he^-;^; J^^^the 

also a broad minded and generous man, clinging it is tiue, to the 

'rm and usages of cadier generations, but withal humble and 

charitable in hi^ religious character. No president ever labored with 

more zeal for the prosperity of Yale College. 

Thouo-h the death of Doctor Stiles was sudden, it was not ong 
before th^e corporation agreed upon his successor. The friends of the 
.Llc'e instinc\ivelv turned toward Doctor Timothy Dwight. Accord- 



HISTURV OF NEW HAVEN COUXTV. 159 

ingly. he was inducted into office in 1795. He had been a tutor at the 
college, laboring with remarkable success in that office, but at the 
time of his election was pastor of the church at Greenfield Hill, where 
he had also conducted a flourishing academy. The advent of Doctor 
Dwight into the presidency was received with satisfaction. At the 
outset of his administration the action of the faculty, /. f., of the pro- 
fessors and tutors, sitting in consultation with the president, came to 
be a vital part of the college government. This was in 1795. Later, 
in 1804, the ancient system of fagging was given up, and a little later 
the system of pecuniary fines was abolished. 

Doctor Dwight had a direct personal influence upon the students. 
He was a man of striking personality, eloquent as a preacher, stimu- 
lating as an instructor. At first he was not called to the office of col- 
lege preacher and the professorship of divinity, now vacant. Some 
of the fellows did not like his position as an ardent exponent of the 
theology of his grandfather, Jonathan Edwards. But. in the mean- 
time, he temporarily as.sumed the duties of the vacant professorship, 
and thus was brought into closer contact with the students. It was 
during this period that he met and vanquished the popular infidelity 
of the day, and built up the feeble life of the college church. In 
1S05 he was formally invited to the chair of divinity, and held it, with 
the presidency, till his death. Besides these duties, he gave the full 
attention expected from the president to the studies of the senior 
year, in philosophy, and did much to create a new department of 
instruction, tha; of rhetoric and English literature, for which he had 
shown special adaptation as a tutor. 

Doctor Dwight was quite successful in perpetuating his influence 
by a rare insight into the capacities and promise of those he invited 
to permanent positions in the faculty. He called to his side such men 
as Benjamin Silliman, profes.sor of chemistry in 1802; Jeremiah Day, 
appointed professor of mathematics in 1801: James L. Kingsley, pro- 
fes.sor of languages in 1805. These men soon became eminent in the 
various departments to which they belonged. Doctor Dwight also 
interested himself in the formation of professional schools in connec- 
tion with the college. In 18()6 the first steps were taken by the corpo- 
ration toward founding a medical school to be under their control, 
together with the academical department, as it now came to be called. 
The new department was eventually established under the auspices 
of Yale College and the State Medical Society. In 1813 Doctors 
Nathan Smith, Eli Ives and Jonathan Knight were appointed pro- 
fessors. Professor Silliman filled the chair of chemistry in the school. 
It started in 1813 with 37 students, in the building at the head of Col- 
lege street, which was at first leased, and then purchased with a sum 
of money granted by the state in 1814. The first class was gradu- 
ated with the degree of M. D. in 1814. Before this Doctor Dwight 
had taken deep interest in the formation of a theological school at 



IQQ HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Andover (this being the earliest in the country), and had begun to 
entertain the idea of developing a similar school in connection with 
Yale College. His plan for this, however, had not matured at the 
time of his'death. In addition, he had in mmd, also, the formation 
of a law department, but this also failed to be realized. 

Mention may be made of the appointments to new chairs of pro- 
fes'^orial instruction. Professor Jeremiah Day succeeded Josiah !\Ieigs 
m the chair of mathematics in 1801. Profes.sor Benjamin Silhman, 
Sr , was appointed to the new chair of chemistry, mineralogy and 
o-eoloo-y. Professor James L. Kingsley took charge of the new pro- 
fessoi^ship of ancient'languages and eccle.siastical history. Professor 
Elizur Goodrich was the incumbent of the new professorship of law. 
These new professorships were a great addition to the scheme of 
in.struction. The results were soon manifest in an increase of stu- 
dents. In 1800 217 students were on the rolls, as against llo four 
years earlier. To meet this increase new buildings were required. 
Accordino-ly in 1801, a new dormitory, now known as North ^Middle 
Collecre was begun and completed in 1803. At the same time the 
Lvceum building, containing recitation rooms, a library and a chemi- 
cal laboratory, was completed. The legislative grant of 1792, increased 
by a supplementarv vote in 1790, supplied the means for the erection 
of these buildings. The president's house (built m 1/22* having 
fallen into partial decay, a new house was built 1797-9, on the present 
.site of Farnam College. The land for all these buildings, together 
with the larger part of the College square, had been acquired by 
Doctor Dwight in 1796. 

President Dwight died m January, 1817. Under his management 
Yale College made rapid progress, beginning to acquire a national 
reputation.^ Doctor Dwight was a man of acknowledged power and 
ability He exercised a remarkable influence over the young men ot 
the colleo-e, and this contributed, together with his great learning and 
ability, to make him known over the whole country. Under him 
certain principles were set in operation which, long afterward, bore 
their fruits for the well being of the college. When he died the insti- 
tution was no longer a mere collegiate .school, but was moving toward 
what it afterward became, a university. 

After his death Professor Jeremiah Day was elected president. 
His inauguration took place in 1817. The new president was not a 
clerovman, but, having .studied theology, was ordained at the time ot 
his fnduction into office. The professorship of mathematics he had 
hitherto held was filled bv the appointment of Mr. Alexander M. 
Fisher President Dwight's place in the chair of divinity was sup- 
plied by the appointment of Reverend Eleazar T. Fitch. A new pro- 
fessor-siiip of rhetoric was established, to which Reverend Chaunccy 
A Goodrich was appointed. In addition to these, in 1831 Mr. Theo- 
dore D Woolsey was appointed professor of Greek, and Mr. Thomas 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. ] 61 

A. Thatcher as assistant professor of Latin, in 1842. Reverend 
Matthew Button, in 1822, .succeeded to the chair of mathematics left 
vacant by the death of Alexander M. Fisher, who was lost on a voyage 
to Europe in 1822. Professor Button died in 1825. Professor Benison 
Olmsted then followed, but in 1836 the chair was divided, Profe.ssor 
Olmsted devoting himself to natural philosophy and astronomy, while 
Mr. Anthony B. Stanley was appointed professor of mathematics. In 
1839 Professor Goodrich was transferred to the divinity school, and 
Reverend William A. Larned followed him as professor of rhetoric 
and English literature. Great improvements were made in the course 
of instruction. Some elementary subjects were discarded, as English 
grammar and geography in 1826 and arithmetic in 1830. New sub- 
jects were introduced. There was greater thoroughness in examina- 
tions. 

The enlargement of the academical faculty resulted in the exercise 
of greater power by the faculty, and developed the idea that in grave 
matters affecting the college the corporation should not take action 
until the faculty had been consulted. This principle has become a 
fixed one in the college. The need of additional accommodations for 
the students was again felt. In 1818-19 a large dining hall was built 
near the center of the College square. It was three stories in height, 
with the kitchen in the basement. The upper floor was devoted to 
the exhibition of the mineralogical cabinet acquired previously 
through the efforts of Professor Silliman. The former dining hall 
was, in 1820, used for the chemical department. In 1842, however, 
the system of a common dining hall was abandoned, and the rooms 
hitherto used for this purpose were devoted to the uses of the depart- 
ment of natural philosophy. In 1820-1 North College was built in 
line with the other brick colleges. It contained 32 rooms. In 1823-4 
a new chapel was erected between North and North Middle colleges. 
The upper story contained rooms for students, and the attic contained 
the library, which had been removed from the Lyceum. In 1831-2 
the Trumbull Gallery, now known as the Treasury Building, was 
built to contain the college collection of paintings, especially those by 
Colonel John Trumbull, which, at lirst deposited by the artist, after- 
ward became the property of the college. In 1842 a library building 
was begun, and finished in 1846, at a cost of $34,000. The library 
funds were materially increased by gifts from various sources. Addi- 
tions also were made to the general funds of the college, by means of 
which separate chairs of Greek and mathematics were established and 
provision made for the employment of an instructor in elocution. 

In 1832 Reverend Wyllys Warner succeeded the Honorable James 
Hillhou,se as treasurer of the college, at his death. The year 1822 saw 
the beginning of a theological department. Reverend Nathaniel W. 
Taylor was inducted into the professorship of didactic theology in 
this department. He was aided by Profes,sor Chauncey Goodrich, 
n 



16-2 HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

who, in 18:59, resigned liis chair in the academical department to take 
the professorship of the pastoral charge. Mr. Josiah Gibbs was 
appointed lecturer on sacred literature in 1824. In 1826 the lecture- 
ship became a full professorship. The theological department thus 
formed attracted many students, so that, m 1S35-6, a building was 
erected in Ime with the others for its u.ses. Doctor Taylor was a 
tower of strength to this department, and his name was early noi.sed 
abroad as an instructor and theologian. 

The advance in other departments was also marked. A law school 
was established in 1824. In 1841 a system of graduate instruction, 
outside of the three learned professions, was devised. 

The medical school was ably conducted, and, until the establish- 
ment of other medical schools, had a growing number of students. 

In 184G President Day resigned at the age of 73. He had tried 
twice before to lay down the burdens of his office, but had been pre- 
vailed upon to remain. His health had always been delicate, yet 
he served the college with ability and faithfulness in various capac- 
ities for a great many years. He died in 1867, leaving behind him, 
as one has said, "a memory for universal veneration." 

We now come to the administration of President Woolsey, which 
is still fresh in the minds of the graduates of the colleo-e. He en- 
tered on his office in October, 1846, and, like his predecessor, received 
ordination when inducted into the presidency. His administration 
lasted 25 years, and was an era of unprecedented prosperity for the 
college. A great advance was made in the quality of instruction and 
the number of new professorships which were established. In 1847 
Reverend Noah Porter entered upon the duties of the new professor- 
ship of moral philosophy and metaphysics, made possible by the 
accumulation of a fund given in 182:^ b}- Mr. Sheldon Clark, of 
Oxford, Connecticut. President Woolsey himself gave instruction in 
history, political science and international law. Mr. James Hadley 
took charge of the Greek department, over which President Woolsey 
had formerly presided, in 1848. Mr. Lewis R. Packard was promoted 
from a tutorship in 1863 to a second chair in this department. In 
I860 a professorship of history was created, to which Mr. Arthur M. 
Wheeler was called. Geology was, in 1850, assigned to a distinct pro- 
fessorship, to which Mr. James D. Dana (now of wide fame as a geolo- 
gist) was appointed. M*ineralogy was added in 1864. 

Doctor Fitch resigned the pastorate in 1852, and was followed by 
Reverend George P. Fisher in 1854. He held the office till he was 
transferred, in 1861, to the divinity .school. He was succeeded, 1863 
to 1866, by Reverend William B. Clarke, who in turn was followed by 
Reverend Doctor Oliver E. Daggett, until his retirement in 1870. 
In 1855 Mr. Hubert A. Newton siicceeded to the chair of mathematics, 
made vacant by the death of Profes.sor Stanley in 1853. Professor 
Elias Loomis succeeded Professor Olmsted in the chair of natural 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 163 

philosophy and astronomy in 1860. Mr. Cyrus Northrop was appointed 
successor to Professor Larned in the professorship of rhetoric and 
English literature in 1862, the year in which Professor Larned died. 
The new professorship of modern languages, endowed by Mr. 
Augustus R. Street, of New Haven, was filled by Mr. Edward B. Coe, 
who began his instructions in 1867. 

In 1846-8 four freshman scholarships were endowed by President 
Woolsey, and in 1848 a scholarship was established by Charles Astor 
Bristed, of New York city. With the increase in professorships and 
improvements in instruction came new buildings. A stone build- 
ing, called Alumni Hall, was erected in 1S52-3, on the northwest 
corner of the College Square. The lower floor was finished as one 
room, in which were to be held alumni meetings, examinations and 
general meetings. On the walls were afterward hung portraits of 
officers and benefactors of the college. The upper floor was divided 
into three halls for the use of the large literary societies of the col- 
lege. 

In 1869-71 two new dormitories, with accommodations for 169 
persons, were built by the generous gifts of Mr. Henry Farnam, of 
New Haven, and Mr. Bradford M. C. Durfee, of Fall River, Massa- 
chusetts. These two new buildings were called, respectively, Farnam 
and Durfee colleges. The old Divinity College, in line with the old 
brick row, was removed. The president's house, on the site of which 
Farnam College was built, had been removed in 1860. About the 
time of the erection of these new buildings a steam boiler house was 
constructed, from which most of the buildings on the college grounds 
and in the vicinity are heated. 

In 1864-6 a fine building, to be devoted to the School of Fine 
Arts, was erected by Islv. iVugustus R. Street, on the southwest corner 
of the square. Two of the professorships in this school were 
endowed by Mr. and Mrs. Street. To one, the professorship of paint- 
ing, Mr. John F. Weir, N. A., was appointed. He was also director 
of the school which was opened to students in 1869. To the other 
professorship, that of the history of art, D. Cady Eaton was appointed. 
The paintings deposited in the Trumbull Gallery by Colonel John 
Trumbull were transferred to the art school. Not far from the 
square on the west a gymnasium was erected in 1859. 

Under President Woolsey's administration funds for the general 
use of the college and for the library increased. But prosperity was 
not confined to the academical department. In other departments 
great progress was manifest. The divinity school entered i:pon a 
new era. The old professors who had given it a great reputation 
had died or resigned by the year 1861, and new ones were appointed. 
Such men as Timothy Dwight, George P. Fisher, George E. Day, 
Leonard Bacon, Samuel Harris and others were, in due time, called 
to professorships. Funds were, through the generosity of friends, 



164 HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

provided for the school. In 18G9-70 a fine building was erected on 
the .square next north of the college. This building is known as East 
Divinity Hall. Then followed the erection of a chapel adjoining this 
building, given by Mr. Frederick Marquand in 1871. A lectureship 
on preaching was established the same year by Mr. Henry W. Sage, 
of Brooklyn, N. Y. Other important additions were made to the 
scholarship and general funds. The number of students increased, 
and the school began its career of steady growth and prosperity, 
which it still pursues. , 

The medical school underwent an entire reconstruction of its 
faculty. The old professors, as in the divinity school, died or 
resigned, and new ones came in to take their places. In 16^^Q the old 
building and grounds belonging to the school were sold, and a new 
medical college built in 1860 on York street. Since that time efforts 
have been made to put it upon a good basis, but the lack of pecuniary 
endowments has interfered with all plans. 

The law school did not participate in the general prosperity at this 
time. The students fell off, and it was not until the time of President 
Porter that the school was put upon a prosperous basis, through the 
gifts of generous friends. The school was at that time entirely recon- 
structed, and is now in a high state of efficiency. 

Before 1846 plans were laid for the establishment of a department 
of graduate instruction. This, in time, grew partly into what is now 
known as the vSheffield Scientific School. At first the Scientific 
School had poor accommodations in the old president's house and the 
attic of the chapel. In 18o9, however, Mr. Joseph E. Sheffield, of New 
Haven, purchased and enlarged for the use of the school the old 
medical college. He stocked it with necessary apparatus, and gave a 
fund of $r)(),(lO() for the endowment of professorships. In 1860 the 
school came to be known, by vote of the corporation, as the Sheffield 
Scientific School. This .school has grown rapidly in facilities for 
instruction and in the number of students eager to take advantage of 
these opportunities. In the meantime, the other courses of graduate 
study not provided for by the scientific school, were steadily main- 
tained by Professor Whitney and others. Mr. O. C. ISIarsh, whose 
name and reputation are well known, was added in 1866 as professor 
of paleontology. 

The important event that marked the close of President Woolsey's 
administration was the change in the composition of the corporation. 
In response to a general sentiment among the alumni, which Doctor 
Woolsey favored, an act was passed by the general assembly, in Con- 
necticut, July, 1871. consenting that six of the graduates of the college 
should be substituted for the six senior senators of the .state in the 
membership of the corporation. This change gave the graduates a 
more direct interest in the college, and was widely welcomed. Presi- 
dent WooLsey resigned in 1871, at the age of 70, but continued till 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 165 

within a few years of his death (in 1889) to give valuable assistance to 
the college. He was a man of preeminent scholarship, and has made 
the fruits of that scholarship of great service to the world. To all 
who came under his instruction he was the beloved and revered 
instructor, the scholar and the Christian gentleman. As an adminis- 
trator his influence was strongly felt in the marked prosperity which 
attended the college during the 25 years of his presidency. 

After the resignation of President Woolse3% in 1871, his place was 
filled without delay by Professor Noah Porter, who was called to the 
presidency from the chair of moral philosophy and metaphysics, 
which he had held since 1846. The fifteen years of his administration 
was a period of stead}- growth and prosperity. The early years of his 
presidency were notable, from the fact that a permanent fund, raised 
by subscription and called by the name of President Woolsey, was 
established. This action Was followed by a continued increase in 
facilities for instruction. All the graduate and undergraduate courses 
not included in the departments of theology, medicine and law were 
in 1872 consolidated under the name of the department of philosophy 
and the arts. There was also an extension of the elective system, by 
means of which nearl}' one-half of the work of the last two years was 
left to be determined by the student himself from a large number of 
elective courses left open to him. To keep pace with new demands 
new professorships were established. vSome changes also occurred in 
the faculty from death and resignation. Additional buildings were 
also erected. 

In 1874-6 a new chapel was built on the northeast corner of the 
college square, and received the name of Battell Chapel, in honor of 
Mr. Joseph Battell, of New York city, from whose gifts the chief part 
of the expense was defrayed. The old chapel was rearranged at this 
time, so as to provide much needed recitation rooms. 

In 1882-3 a physical laboratory was erected on the south side of 
Library street. The expense of building and the necessary equip- 
ment for use were provided by Messrs. Henry T. and Thomas C. 
Sloane, of New York city, as a memorial to their father. 

In 1885-6 another dormitory was built, next to Farnam College, on 
the south, containing 42 suites of rooms, and of five stories in height. 
This was called Lawrance College, in memory of Thomas Garner 
Lawrance, of New York city, who died in 1884, while in his senior year. 

In these same years was erected Dwight Hall, so called in memory 
of President Dwight. The funds for this building were provided by 
Mr. Elbert B. Munroe, of New York city. The building is a beautiful 
one, and furnishes an attractive center for the religious life of the col- 
lege, with its reading room, its select library, its rooms for class meet- 
ings and general meetings. 

In 1876 the initial portion of the Peabody Museum of Natural 
History was built on High street, facing Alumni Hall, at a cost of 



100 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

$U)U,(H)0. The expense was defrayed from a portion of the fine 
endowment provided by Mr. George Peabody, of London, in 1866. 

Another addition was the Observatory, for astronomical and 
physical researches, which was erected in 1882. 

In 1871-2 the libraries belonging to the Linonian Society and the 
Brothers in Unity were consolidated. 

The various schools connected with the college prospered during 
this period as perhaps never before. The vSheffiield Scientific School, 
the Art School, the Law .School, the Medical School attracted a large 
number of students and offered great advantages. The law school, 
in particular, received great impetus, and for the first time became 
worthy of the university. The divinity school also received import- 
ant additions to its funds, its professorships and its buildings. 

In 1873-4 West Divinity Hall was built, and a building (called the 
Bacon Memorial Library, in honor of Reverend Doctor Bacon) was 
erected in 1S81, to contain the reference library provided for by Mr. 
Henry Trowbridge, of New Haven. 

Just at the close of President Porter's administration Doctor 
William R. Harper was appointed professor of Semitic languages, 
while Mr. Arthur T. Hadley was called to the chair of political 
science. Both of these men have a wide reputation in their respec- 
tive departments. 

The continued progress so manifest under the administration of 
President Porter still continues under his successor, Timothy Dwight. 
In 1886 President Porter resigned, and was followed by Professor 
Timothy Dwight, a grandson of the former President Dwight, and 
who had hitherto been professor of sacred literattire in the divinity 
school. Soon after his accession an act of the legislature, in March, 
1887, made legal the term university as applied to the corporation. 
From this time Yale became in name, what she had been for some 
years in fact, a university. The first official use of the name " Yale 
University " was in connection with the annual catalogue, published 
in 1886. During the period of President Dwight's administration up 
to this time (1891) there has been a marked progress of the university 
idea. All departments have been most closely linked together, and 
have, to a greater or less extent, participated in a common university 
life. 

There have been some changes in the faculty. Professor Barbour, 
called to the pastorate of the College church, in connection with the 
duties of the Chittenden profes.sorship of divinity in the year IS77, 
resigned in December, 1886, but did not leave until the close of the 
college 5-ear. Professor Elias Loomis died in 1889, having served the 
vmivensity 29 years. New men were called to new professorships. 
Notable mention may be made of the establishment of a professorship 
of music, to which Doctor Gu.stave J. Stoeckel was appointed in 1889. 
In 1888 a new building, called the Kent Laboratory, was completed, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 167 

and named after the donor, Mr. Albert E. Kent, of Chicago, [t is 
located on the corner of High and Library streets. In 1889 a new 
building for the university librai-y was erected. This building is 
called the Chittenden Library, in honor of the Hon. Simeon B. Chit- 
tenden, of Brooklyn, N. Y., who generously gave the funds necessary 
for its erection. 

The year 1889 witnessed the completion of the Osborn Memorial 
Hall, on the southeast corner of the college grounds. This fine build- 
ing contains about twenty recitation and lecture rooms. It was the 
gift of Mrs. Miriam Osborn, of New York city, as a memorial of her 
husband, the late Charles J. Osborn. The old cabinet building was 
taken down in the summer of 1890. The removal of this building 
and the old chemical laboratory, in 1888, has greatly improved the 
college grounds. There is left but one of the old buildings in the line 
back of the old Brick Row, and that is the Treasury Building, formerly 
known as the Trumbull Gallery. 

With the completion of the Chittenden Library building the books 
belonging to the university library were removed into the new build- 
ing in 1890. The books belonging to the consolidated Linonian vSociety 
and Brothers in LTnity were at the same time removed from the north 
wing of the old library building to the south wing. 

On the east side of the college grounds a new dormitory is now 
('1891) in process of erection. When it is completed one side of the 
proposed college quadrangle will be for the most part finished. It is 
hoped that the quadrangle will in a few years be completed. The old 
" Brick Row " will then come down and Yale will have as fine a quad- 
rangle or interior as any university in the world. Even now the 
beautiful elms still remaining, together with statues of Rector Pierson 
and Professor Benjamin Silliman, Sr., and fine buildings make the 
college campus an attractive spot, especially to the graduate who 
returns to renew the memories of the past. 

A new gymnasium on Elm street is being built and will probably, 
when finished, .supply the needs of the university in this direction for 
many years to come. 

By the death of Mr. and Mrs. Sheffield further benefactions have 
been received by the scientific school. Mr. Sheffield's house and 
grounds on Hillhouse avenue have been generously given for the uses 
of the school. 

Yale University is thus prospering externally. In breadth of 
instruction and in number of students it .stands among the first in the 
country. It has to-day (1891) 1,645 students, as against 1,076 five years 
ago. Its graduates have made their mark upon the public life of our 
country. As President Dwight well says in his last report, " It is a 
matter of much satisfaction to the authorities of the institution, and 
it may well be to all the graduates, that as the student community 
grows in its numbers and changes of various kinds necessarily occur 



168 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

in its daily life and workings, the Yale spirit abides always the same — 
breathing itself into the mind and heart of every worthy student who 
enters the gates of the University and inspiring for their career ever 
afterwards all who go forth with its gifts into the activities of the 
world. It is this spirit which more than all things else makes the 
University what it is." The Yale of the future will be undoubtedly 
true to the spirit of its past, and under the administration of the second 
President Dwight, be blessed with further growth and prosperity. 
Her graduates, in whose hearts Yale University has a warm place, will 
ever wish for this result. 

The Connecticut Gazette \v^'A\\\ft first newspaper issued in New Haven. 
Its publication was begun in April, 175o, by James Parker, and soon 
thereafter was carried on by James Parker & Co., John Holt and 
others being associated with him. The size was small, the sheet being 
but lOj by l,5i inches, which was folded to make four pages; each page 
had two wide columns. The matter was largely local and there was 
but little resemblance to the newspaper of to-day. Other particulars 
in regard to it can best be learned from an announcement in the paper 
itself, as follows: 

" New Havex: 

" Printed by J. Parker & Company, at the Pest Office, near Captain 
Peck's, at the Long Wharf, where this paper may be had at 2s. 6d. 
Laivful Money, per quarter, if sent by the special post; or Is. lOd. Half 
Penny without Postage; the first Quarter to be paid at Entrance. 

"Note. — Thirteen papers go to a quarter, none to stop but at the 
end of the Ouarter. 

"Saturday, October l.st, 17.57." 

The i.ssue was suspended April 14lh, 1764, but July 5th, 1765, it was 
revived by Benjamin Mecom. In his announcement of the resumption 
of publication he stated that the price would l)e " two pence for each 
paper," and that no increase would take place in consequence of the 
stamp act. "All kinds of Provisions, Fire Wood and other suitable 
Country Produce will be taken as pay of those who cannot spare 
money." 

Mr. Mecom invited "the benevolent of all parties to send him an 
account of whatever novelties they think may be useful to their coun- 
trymen," and promised, on his part, the following: " Besides the help 
he hopes to receive from different Correspondents in this Colony and 
elsewhere, the Printer has sent for three sorts of English magazines, 
the Monthly Review of New Books, and one of the best London News- 
papers; these, together with the American Intelligence from Nova 
Scotia to (ieorgia, inclusive, and also from Canada, cannot fail to fur- 
nish him a con.stant stock of Momentous materials and fresh advices 
to fill this (lazette. " Benjamin Meco.m, at the 

" July 5, 1765. Post office, New Haven." 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 169 

The paper, as published by Mecom, was permanently suspended 
after the issue of No. 596. February 19th, 1768, having in its last year 
to contend with a rival paper, the Connecticiit Journal and Nciv Haven 
Post Boy, which was begun October 23d, 1767, by Thomas and Samuel 
Green. 

Some notices and items extracted from these early papers reveal 
strange practices and quaint ideas. Both poor whites and blacks were 
treated as chattels, and the rudest kind of punishment was meted out 
to law breakers. As examples: 

" New Haven, March 5, 1762. 

" Last Saturday afternoon, David Slusher and James Daley were 
cropt, branded with the letter Bon their Fore-heads, and received each 
of them Fifteen .Stripes on their naked Bodies, pursuant to their sen- 
tences, for sometime since breaking open and robbing the shop of Mr. 
Philo Mills, of Derby." 

" A likely Negro ]Veneh and Child to be sold. 

" Inquire of the Printer. 

" To be sold by the Subscriber of Branford, a likely Negro Wench, 
18 years of age, is acquainted with all sorts of House Work, is sold for 
no fault. " June 15, 1763. 

"Just Imported from Dublin, in the brig Darby. 

•■ A parcel of Irish Servants, both Men and Women, to be sold 
cheap, by Israel Boardman, at Stamford, 5th January, 176-1." 

" The subscribers having erected a Powder Mill near this town, 
would hereby inform the public that they are ready to receive any 
quantity of Salt Petre for Manufacturing into Powder. 

" is.aac doolittle. 
" Jeremiah Atw.\ter. 

"Who want to purchase a quantity of Sulphur, for which they will 
give a generous price. 
" July 10th, 1776." 

" Any Gentlemen, Farmer or others, that may have any juice 
extracted fromi Corn Stalks, which they are desirous of having distilled 
into Rum, are hereby notified that the subscribers, Distilleres in the 
town of New Haven, will distill the same on shares, or otherwise, as 
they can agree. And those who please to favor them with their 
employ, may depend on having the strictest justice done them, and 
their liquor distilled to the fullest proof. Or any person that would 
rather dispose of said juice or Corn Stalks, on delivering it at the 
Distillery, will receive the Market Price: and every favor will be most 
gratefully acknowledged by the Public's very obedient servants, 

"Jacobs & Israel. 
" September 24, 1777. 

" N. B. — Private Families may have Cider distilled for their own 
use by Jacobs & Israel." 



170 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The /(wr«(?/, from which the two last extracts are taken, did rot 
find it smooth sailing altogether, as the following notice will show: 

" '■' .;■. ■" We are very sorry that we cannot procure a sufficiency of 
paper to publish a whole sheet; but as there is now a paper mill erected 
in this town, we expect, after a few weeks, to be supplied with such a 
quantity as to publish the Journal regularly on a uniform sized paper, 
and to be able to make ample amends for past deficiencies. 
" July 3, 1776." 

The usual size of the paper was a sheet 14 by 16 inches, with three 
columns to a page. It was printed in an office near the college. After 
having many publishers and a varied career extending through more 
than half a centtirv, the publication of this paper was suspended with 
No. 3,517, April 7th, 183.5. 

In addition to the foregoing there have since been so many ventures 
in journalism that the names of some of the most important ones 
only can here be given. The facts pertaining to them were arranged 
by a former librarian of Yale. 

In 181)1 the principal papers published m New Haven were the 
following: Morning Journal and Courier, Evening Register, Palladium, 
Union, Morning News, Yale Neivs and Connecticut Rcpubliekaner, all 
dailies. 

The weeklies were the Colinnbian Register, Connecticut Herald and 
Journal, Palladium, Union, Connecticut Frcie Presse, Connecticut Republi- 
kancr, Connecticut I'olksblatt, Nutmegs, Standard, Workmen's Advocate, 
]Vcekly Record s.r\A Shore Line Times. 

Less frequently are issued the old and popular American Journal of 
Science, a bi-monthly, established in 1818 by Professor Silliman; the 
Ncii' Eiiglander, also a bi-monthly, established in 1843; Looniis Musical 
and Masonic Journal, a monthly, published since 1867; the Yale Literary 
Maoazine, established in 1836; the Yale G'wr^r;//, established in 1865, all 
of which have well merited reputations. 

A number of other publications were established more recently, 
some of which have been successfully continued, as the Household 
Pilot and Modern Queen, while others suspended after a short 
existence. 

Among the dailies the [Palladium is the oldest, dating from 1841. 
The Weekly Palladium was founded in 1829. It is a large, well edited 
sheet, strongly republican in politics. A fine printing house is 
occupied. 

The Neiv Morning Journal and Courier is the largest daily in the 
city, and its weekly issue the oldest, its history dating from October, 
1767, when Samuel and Thomas Green first issued their Connecticut 
Journal. The paper has seen many changes, but under the Carring- 
tons has become a staid, conservative and reliable paper, who.se poli- 
tics are also republican. 

The weekly Columbian Register was founded in 1812, and has since 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 171 

been uninterruptedly issued. Since 1842 the Reoistci- has been issued 
daily, and its circulation has become greater than that of any other 
paper m the state. Minott A. Osborn was for many years the con- 
trolling spirit of the paper, and since his death, in 1877, the editor has 
been Colonel Norris G. Osborn. It is the representative democratic 
paper, not only of the county but of the state, and wields a large 
influence. vSince 1884 a fine printing house on Crown street has been 
occupied. 

The Union was first issued as a Sunday paper, July 2Bd, 1871, and 
was devoted to the interests of the workingmen of the county. On 
the 1st of July, 1873, the Union became a daily and has since been so 
continued. Its politics in recent years have been democratic, and the 
paper is prosperous. 

The Nezu Haven lilornino Netvs is the youngest of the five dailies of 
the city devoted to general news. It was first issued December 4th, 
1882, and it has steadily grown in public favor ever since. It is^ 
aggressively independent and very outspoken on all public questions, 
being the first paper in the city to distinctively occupy this position. 
The paper is very popular among the laboring classes of the county, 

" At different times book publishing has been very active. Durrie 
& Peck published Lovell's Readers, and several hymn books and other 
valuable works. Babcock & Co. published readers, school books, story 
books, etc. Horace Mansfield published Whitfield's Life and Sermons,, 
and sold 6,000 copies. Voyage Round the World 20,000, History of the 
Mexican War 30,000, Life and Voyages of Americus Vespucius 10,000, 
Bunyan's Life and Times 10,000, also Rus.sian War, Indian Wars, 
Livingstone's Travels, Life of Kossuth, Remarkable Events. Henry 
Howe, Esq., has also been a diligent book-maker and publisher- 
George S. Lester and William Gay have also done much to make New 
Haven a center of book publishing. H. B. Hubbard's newspaper 
directories, and Price & Lee's city directories have become well known 
everywhere."" 

The library privileges of New Haven are unu.sually fine and 
extensive, even aside from the great Yale Library and those of the 
several departments of that institution. The main Yale Library was 
founded at the same time the college was established, in 1701, when 
its projectors came together, each bearing his gift of books, which 
they placed in care of Reverend Samuel Russell, of Branford, for the 
benefit of the college, which they then and there founded. The 
library was removed from Saybrook to New Haven in 1718, and has had 
various quarters on the college campus, but recently occupying the 
fine building erected through the munificence of the Plon. S. B. Chit- 
tenden, a native of Guilford. A part also remains in the old library 
building, completed in 1844. Since 1807 a reading room has been 
maintained in connection with it. This library has practically 
*Elijah C. Baldwin's " Home World." p. 7ii2. 



1~2 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

absorbed the principal society libraries of the college, such as the 
Linonian and Brothers of Unity libraries, the former established in 
1769. In its keeping is also the Medical Library of the university. 

Of the department libraries that of the law school is the most 
extensive. It was commenced in 'lS■i^^, but was first placed upon a 
permanent basis in 1S73, through the efforts of the Hon. James E. 
English and others. It is kept in the upper story of the county court 
house and embraces nearly 10,000 volumes of law and reference 
books. 

The library of the Sheffield vScientific School, embracing more 
than 6,000 volumes, was begun in 1866. It received its largest and 
most valuable addition in 1869, when Joseph E. Sheffield added §4,000 
worth of books to his former generous gifts to the school. It contains 
many valuable books. 

The librar}' of the divinity school is less extensive, but in its 
chosen field is very valuable. Henry Trowbridge was one of its most 
generous benefactors, his gifts beginning in 1870. A new building was 
■erected in 1881 for the accommodation of the library. 

The other special libraries are filled with rare books and collections 
gathered in the course of many years, affording the patrons of the 
university unusual facilities for study and investigation. The aggre- 
gate number of books in all these libraries greatly exceeds one hun- 
dred thousand and is increasing more rapidly at present than in 
former years. 

This abundance of books in the university libraries long prevented 
the growth and proper encouragement of the other libraries in the 
city. One of the oldest of these was the Mechanics' Library, main- 
tained b3'a society of the same name from about 1795 until 1815, when 
it was merged with the Social Library, incorporated in 1810. It had 
succeeded in gathering together about 900 books, at the time of the 
union, and the latter had about the same number of books. The decline 
of the Social Library commenced in 1833, and seven years later its 
active existence ceased. That year its books were transferred to the 
" Young Mechanics' Institute." The latter body was organized in 
1828 and had in 1840 426 members. It was, as its name implies, limited 
to certain classes. In August, 1840, its purposes were placed upon a 
broader foundation, and in May, 1841, the society was incorporated as 
" The New Haven Young Men's Institute," whose organization has 
been continued until the pre.sent time. In recent years, however, the 
institute has become less a lyceum and more exclusively a library. 
In the fifty years of its existence it has been a useful agent in the 
city, for many years maintaining class instruction and courses of 
lectures, by eminent and noted men. In this period its fortunes varied 
very much. In October, 1856, the institute occupied its new building 
(the present Palladium Block), which it sold in 1864, in consequence 
■of a debt of $22,000. The pre.sent building was occupied in 1878. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 173 

The library of the institute now has more than 12,000 volumes, and 
enjoys a fair degree of prosperity. 

The Free Public Library of New Haven* was established by the city 
government in 1886. It is the first of the kind in the state created by 
municipal action, without any previous library as a foundation. For 
some years prior to the founding of this library a fruitless effort was 
made to establish a free library by the joint action of the Young Men's 
Institute and the city of New Haven. That purpose having failed, 
the city in the year named decided to act independently, and appro- 
priated for that object $6,000 in 1886, and a like sum for 1887. An 
organization was effected by choosing a board of directors, which is 
to include the mayor of the city as an cx-officio member. The first 
board was composed of James N. States, C. T. DriscoU, C. S. Mersick, 
Benton Mansfield, Joseph Porter, C. S. Hastings, Charles Kleiner, F. 
J. Bigelow, John H. Leeds and the mayor, Samuel A. York. Later 
Willis K. Stetson was chosen librarian. 

Rooms for the use of the library were leased at 739 Chapel street, 
where its reading room was opened, February 2d, 1887. On the 7th 
of June following the library proper was opened with about 2,n00 
volumes. The demands upon it were soon so great that the supply of 
reading matter was found insufficient. The court of common council 
was now asked for an additional appropriation of $3,000, which was 
granted, and more books were purchased. The demand for more 
room also became very urgent. 

The success of the library encouraged the city to secure the pas- 
sage of a special act, by the general assembly, which authorized it to 
issue bonds to the amount of $100,000, to provide a suitable building. 
From the sale of these bonds a fund of $110,000 was realized, $70,000 
of which was used in 1889 in the purchase of the Third church prop- 
erty, oppo-site the east end of the green. In 1890 $35,000 more was 
expended on the present library building, which was ready for use 
January 2d, 1891. These changes, under C. H. Stilson, supervising 
architect, resulted in an edifice capacious, attractive and substantial, 
both in its interior and exterior. Besides the library room proper, 
which has a capacity for more than 75,000 volumes, there are free 
reading rooms for ladies and gentlemen, distinct and separate, a 
reference library room, offices and a lecture room, with .sittings for 
200 persons. 

Since 1888 the common council has appropriated $10,000 yearly for 
the support of the library, that being the maximum amount allowed 
by the act authorizing the library. By a decision of the superior 
court, in January, 1891, the library is entitled to the use of the Philip 
Marett fund, of about $65,000, the income of which will hereafter be 
devoted to the purchase of books. 

The library has more than 13,000 volumes of well selected books, 

*Frorn data by Willis K. Stetson. 



174 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

and it is purposed to add to it at the rate of 3,000 volumes per year. 
The patronage of the library shows a circulation equaling ] '25,000 books 
per year, which is steadily increasing. This has already become a 
favorite and most potent educational factor, and has a large field of 
usefulness before it, since its benefits extend to every class of 
citizens. 

In addition to the foregoing, the New Haven County Bar Associa- 
tion has a library of more than a thousand volumes, mo-st of which 
have been gathered since 1877, but some of the volumes were collected 
for this purpose as early as 1848. In 1880 the law library of Alfred 
Blackman was added by bequest. This library is kept in the county 
court house. 

Since the organization of the New Haven Colony Historical vSociety, 
November 14th, 1862, that body has gathered a valuable library of 
about two thousand volumes and more than six thousand pamphlets, 
most of them treating on historical subjects. Its collection of cuYios 
and antique objects embraces a niimber of rare and valuable articles. 

In 1871 the Hillhouse High School building, now in use, was 
erected, after which the collection of a library was begun. About 
$.500 is expended annually for books of a reference and miscellaneous 
nature, and the library now has about 3,000 volumes. 

The first church of New Haven and the town are almost coeval, 
and for many years they were so intimately blended that the history 
of one was the history of the other. The planters of Quinnipiac, 
as has already been .stated, came here with a purpo.se to found a 
religious community. They were, with few exceptions, Puritans or 
Dissenters from the Church of England. Their leader was Reverend 
Jolin r)avenport, an ordained clergyman, who had been the vicar of 
St. vStephen's church, Coleman street, London, but who had become a 
non-conformist, and being persecuted, had sought the larger liberty 
of the New World. He was followed by many of his former parish- 
ioners and others in sympathy with him, so that, to some extent, he 
simply continued as the minister, with those changed conditions. 
Hence, their religious worship was scarcely interrupted from the 
time they left their old homes. Arriving at their new ones, in the 
middle of April, 1638, the first Sabbath was observed by holding a 
religious meeting under the branches of a large oak tree, which 
stood near the corner of George and College streets. Mr. Davenport 
preached on the temptations of the wilderne.ss, from Matthew iv:l. 
He left the recorded testimony that he " had a good day." Soon 
thereafter they observed a day of fasting and prayer, which prepared 
them to enter a covenant, the gist of which was that " they would 
all of them be ordered by the rules which the .Scripture held forth 
to them." 

Under this covenant they were enabled to live for a period without 
having a regular church organization, and thus learn each other's 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. ' 175 

views and become acquainted witti each other's characters before 
formally uniting in a church state. It also enabled them to properly 
attend to their temporal affairs as a community having a common pur- 
pose but no prescribed forms to direct them. This probationary 
period was ended June 4th, 1639, when all the free planters (those 
properly qualified to become church members) were assembled in the 
large barn of Mr. Newman, where they solemnly proceeded to lay the 
foundation of their civil and religious polity. Mr. Davenport intro- 
duced the affairs of this occasion by preaching a sermon from the 
text: " Wisdom hath builded her house, she hath hewn out her seven 
pillars." A plan of procedure was now adopted by the 111 persons 
participating in this meeting. The sixth section of the agreement 
pertained especially to the church and was as follows: 

" Whether are you all willing and do agree in this, that twelve men 
be chosen that their fitness for the foundation work may be tried, 
however there may be more named, yet it may be in their power who 
are chosen to reduce them to twelve, and it be in the power of those 
twelve to chuse out of themselves 7 that shall be most approved of, 
the major part to begin the church." 

In accordance with this provision the following twelve men were 
then chosen for the foundation work of the church: Theophilus Eaton, 
John Davenport, Robert Newman, Matthew Gilbert, Richard Melbon, 
Nathaniel Turner, Ezekiel Cheever, Thomas Fugill, John Punderson, 
William Andrews and Jeremiah Dixon. 

In the course of a little more than two months and a half, after the 
matter had received proper consideration the major part, or the seven 
of the " foundation men," most approved of, were selected for the pil- 
lars of the church, viz.: Theophilus Eaton, John Davenport, Robert 
Newman, Matthew Gilbert, Thomas Fugill, John Punderson and Jere- 
miah Dixon. " By these seven persons covenanting together and then 
receiving others into their fellowship, the First Church of Christ in 
New Haven was gathered and constituted on the 21st of Augu.st, 
1639."* 

The church thus formed was in its order Congregational, and in due 
course of time became known as the First Congregational Church in 
New Haven. Not long after the church was organized Mr. Davenport 
was properly inducted into the pastoral office, the elders of the Hart- 
ford church being present to assist in the ceremonies. The other 
officials were soon after elected. " It was held in tho.se days that there 
should be in every church, if possible, a pastor, a teacher, a ruling 
elder and one or more deacons. "f Robert Newman and Matthew Gil- 
bert were early elected deacons, and about 1644 the former was 
ordained a ruling elder. About the same time Reverend William 
Hooke was ordained teacher. The latter was practically an assistant 
minister. In 1656 he returned to England, where he became chaplain 

*Bacon's Discourses. tAtwater's New Haven Colony, p. 238. 



176 HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 

to Oliver Cromwell. Reverend Nicholas Street was ordained to fill 
the office of teacher, caused by his retirement, and was the colleague 
of Mr. Davenport as long as the latter remained, when, until his death 
in 1674, he was the only elder of the church, Robert Newman having 
also returned to England. In 1668 Mr. Davenport removed to Boston, 
where he died March 11th, 1670, 72 years of age. He was buried in 
the Stone Chapel burial ground at Boston, in the .same tomb with his 
friend, John Cotton. 

The first meeting house was built agreeably to an order passed by 
the general court, November 25th, 1639, and cost about £m). It was 
completed the following spring. The hou.se stood near the center of 
the market square or meeting house green, and was of wood, 50 feet 
square. In appearance it was like a truncated pyramid, surmounted 
by a •• tower and turret." There were also " banisters and rails on 
the- meeting house top." 

" The congregation was called together by the beat of a drum. A 
military guard was stationed in the house, which was surmounted by 
a tower, in which was a sentinel to give an alarm in case of any incur- 
sion of hostile Indians. Around the church were three pieces of 
artillery ready for use. It stood only about thirty years. In the 
meeting house the men and women were seated separately, and, 
according to the custom of the time, with regard to rank. The first 
drum was beaten about eight o'clock, in the tower of the meeting 
house, and through the streets of the town. At the second drum beat- 
ing, families came forth from their dwellings and walked in orderly 
procession to the house of God, children following their parents to the 
door, though not allowed to sit with them. The ministers in the pul- 
pit wore gowns and bands, as they had done in England. The children 
were placed by themselves. The place for the armed men, or soldiers, 
was near the door."* 

In 1662 the upper turret was taken down. This house was used 
for all the meetings of the planters. Being poorly built it gave place to 
a new one, which was ready for use in October, 1670. The following 
month the old one was ordered to be sold " to the town's best advant- 
age." This .second meeting house also had a pyramidal roof, with a bell- 
frv, in which, in the spring of 1682, a bell costing /:i7 was hung. In 
the fall of the same year the townsmen (selectmen) who controlled the 
house reported " that they had agreed with George Pardee for his son 
Joseph to ring the bell for the lown's occasion on the Sabbath and 
other meetings, as it was wont to be by the drum; and also to ring the 
bell at nine of the clock every night." This practice, with some .slight 
modification, has continued ever since. The second meeting house 
was enlarged, and the internal arrangement changed in 1699-1700. 
In that condition it was used until the winter of 1756, when the third, 
or brick, meeting house was erected. The two former hou.ses had been 
'Henry Howe. 



HISTORY OF NEW H.WEN COUNTY. 177 

built by the town, but this one was erected by the church itself It 
was a plain structure, oO by 72A- feet. The tower was at the north 
end, through which was an entrance, another was at the south end 
and a third from the east side, upon Temple street. The pulpit was 
on the west .side. It was demolished in 1813 to make place for the 
present Center church building, which stands a little west of the old 
site. 

The present edifice is the only one erected by the First Ecclesias- 
tical Society of New Haven. It cost about $34,000 and was dedicated 
December 27th, 1814. The house has been kept m good repair and is 
m an attractive and inviting condition, and has large accommodations. 
After the death of Reverend Nicholas Street, in 1674, the min- 
isterial and teacher's oflices were .supplied, for about ten' years, by 
Reverends John Harriman and Jo.seph Taylor. In August, 1684, Mr. 
James Pierpont became a candidate for the pastoral office, and ' July 
2d, 1685, his ordination took place, and he was the pastor until Novem- 
ber, 1714. He was an able man and zealously worked for the estab- 
lishment of Yale College. He was also a leading member of the synod 
which formulated the famous •• Saybrook Platform." 

July 4th, 1716, Mr. Joseph Noyes, who had for three years been .. 
tutor in Yale, at Saybrook, was ordained as the successor of Reverend 
Pierpont, and for a score of years his ministry was peaceful and suc- 
cessful, when it was characterized by a troublesome period, in conse- 
quence of the controversy between the adherents of the .Saybrook 
Platform and those who dissented from it. As a result the church was 
divided and new organizations were formed in opposition to it, after 
it had been the sole religious body more than one hundred years. 
Mr. Noyes died in the pastoral office in June, 1761. Before his death, 
in March, 1758, Reverend Chauncey Whittlesey had been ordained as 
his colleague pastor, and succeeded him as pastor, serving the church 
until hi.'i death, in 1787. " The church and congregation were per- 
fectly united in him, and during the whole period of his ministry 
there appear to have been no division among them, and no alienation 
of this affection for him."-- 

Reverend James Dana, who had been pa.stor of the Wallingford 
church, became the next pastor of the First church, in April, 1789, and 
was dismissed in 1805. Doctor Dana was one of the ablest ministers of 
his time, but had become unfitted by age for the active duties of the 
pastorate. He was succeeded, m 1806, by Professor Moses Stuart, who 
remained four years, when he resigned to connect himself with the 
Andover Seminary. His short ministry gave a new impulse to the 
religious life of the church. 

Reverend Nathaniel W. Taylor became the pastor April Sth, 1812, 
and after a little more than ten years he also left to fill a professorship 
in a theological seminary. 



a 



*Dr. Bacon. 
13 



178 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



Reverend Leonard Bacon was installed as the pastor March 9tlv 
1825 and was in active service until September, 1866, but remained 
pastor aucntus until his death, December 24th, 1881. aged more than 
79 years How well his able services were appreciated and how highly 
he was esteemed is shown by the tablet placed by the society m the 
south wall of the church, on the center of New Haven green: 

" By the Grace of God. 
Lf.ox.^RD Bacon 
a servant of Jesus Christ, and of all men for His sake, here preached the Gospel 
for fifty seven years. Fearing God, and having no fear beside lovmg righteous- 
ness and hating iniquity, friend of liberty and law. helper of Christian mission., 
teacher of teafhers' promoter of every good, he blessed the city and nation b 
ceaseless labors and a holy life, and departed peacefully into rest December 24th, 
lt<81. leaving the worid better for his having lived m it. 

Reverend George Leon Walker was the pastor from 1868 until 1872: 
Reverend Alphonso Noble, D.D., from November, 1875, until April, 
1879; and the present pastor. Reverend Newman Smyth, D.D., ^^as 
installed September 20th, 1882. 

The parish of the First Society has 300 families, who turnish olJ 
members. The aggregate membership has been very large and has 
been reduced by the formation of many other churches, this body 
beino- truly the mother of all the churches m the county. 

The North Church, or Church m the United Society, is the oldest of 
the churches m the city formed out of the First church. It was 
oro-anized May 7th, 1742, of 18 male and 25 female members. In a 
few weeks the number was about 80. With few exceptions these had 
been " New Light - members of the First church, or such as had 
been brought to a consciousness of the need of a holier life, by the 
preaching in the "Great awakening '• by Whitefield, Tennent and 
James Davenport from 173.-. until 1743. The latter was a great-grand- 
son of the first minister of the town, and was emotional and zealous 
to an unusual degree. His inten.se earnestness secured him a hearing, 
and havino- a certain kind of eloquence he powerfully swayed the 
masses, many of whom began to lead reformed lives. The " awaken- 
in- " aroused great opposition and divided many churches into factions, 
cafled, popularly, "Old Lights," or believers in the principles of he 
"Savbrook Platform," and "New Lights," or those who dissented 
from that creed and gave countenance to the methods of the revival- 
ists in order to arouse a greater intere.st in church work. In New 
Haven the feeling was so strong that tho.se who withdrew from he 
Finst church were called " Seceders," and were treated with but little 
consideration. The " Old Lights " controlled the Ecclesiastical 
Society, and while under the Act of Toleration, the "New Lights 
mioht set up their own worship, they were not relieved from paying 
rates for the support of Mr. Noyes. The " Old Lights ' being m 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 179 

po^ver. also passed oppressive laws to embarrass and suppress, if possi- 
ble, the " New Lights." 

In these matters there was so much feeling manifested that when 

Wathan Beers, a prominent man and a " New Light," removed by 

water from Stratford, in order that he might enjoy the services of Mr. 

Bird, " he could not find any willing to bring his effects from the 

vessel, and was obliged to go out of town and hire a farmer for that 

purpose."-- And after the •' New Lights " had made their arrano-e- 

ments to build a meeting house they were hindered in many peUy 

ways. Their building timber was cut into pieces, and it was found 

necessary to provide a guard to protect their property. An effort was 

also made by the society to suppress the work of building by making 

It appear as a nuisance. However, a lot on the corner of Elm and Court 

streets was secured, upon which the building of a meeting house was 

begun m 1744, and in the course of a few years it was completed. It 

was painted a lead color, and from this circumstance it was called the 

" Blue Meeting House." In the course of a few years it was enlaro-ed 

and a large steeple added to it. 

In 1748 a stated preacher was secured in the Reverend John 
Curtiss, but he was not installed as pastor. The first to serve in 
that capacity was Reverend Samuel Bird, who was installed October, 
1751. He was a man of much ability, a popular preacher, '• whose 
form and manner were commanding, his voice powerful, his elocution 
handsome and impressive, his sentiments evangelical." The church 
rapidly increased in numbers and influence under his preaching, in 
spite of all oppressive measures, so that, in 17.j7, there were more 
members of the First Ecclesiastical Society (still the only one in the 
town) who favored Mr. Bird than those who favored Mr. Noyes, and 
they proceeded to vote the minister's salary to Mr. Bird. At this time 
the " Old Lights " had 111 votes, and "New Lights" 212. The old 
society was now very willing to consent to a division of the parish 
interests and to consent to the formation of a new society. Accord- 
ingly, in October, 1759, the " New Lights " were incorporated by the 
name of the " White Haven Society." For some time the feeling 
between the two societies was not of the most friendly nature, but a^t 
the end of fifty years the societies were altogether harmonious. 

.Mr. Bird's health failing, he was dismissed in 1767, and Reverend 
Jonathan Edwards was called as pastor. He agreed to accept upon 
condition that the Half Way Covenant, which the new church had 
adopted, and to which he was strongly opposed, .should be repealed. 
A major part agreed to do this, but 68 persons declined and protested 
against xVIr. Edwards' settlement. He was ordained January 5th, 176!), 
and at once, by his evangelical preaching, convinced those who had 
opposed him that their opinions were very diverse. Before the end 
of the year they withdrew and set up their own worship in the state 
*Henry Howe. 



180 TIISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

house. They secured permission to build a meeting house north of 
the First church and put up one, which was ready for use in Decem- 
ber, 1770. In this building, June 20th, 1771, was organized, in 
due form, a .society with the name of the " Church of Christ in Fair 
Haven," which, as a matter of course, adopted the half way covenant. 

From the time of secession from the White Haven church, Septem- 
ber, 1769, tmtil a regular pastor was secured, in 1778, Mr. Bird fre- 
quently preached to them, and his connection gave the new church a 
standing which it might not otherwise have had. In February, 1773, 
Allyn Mather was ordained as the first pastor, and was dismissed in 
1784 on account of sickness. In November, 1786, Samuel Austin was 
ordained as the second pastor, and the feeling between the two new 
societies had so far subsided that Doctor Edwards preached the ordi- 
nation sermon. He resigned in June, 1790, and was the last settled 
minister. 

In the White Haven parish Doctor Edwards continued until ^lay, 
179.'), when he was dismissed, and that church was now also without a 
pastor. This made the way for a union possible, and November 27th, 
1796, that object was accomi^lished, the merged bodies taking the 
name of the " Church of Christ in the United Societies of White 
Haven and Fair Haven." In 1815 the legislattire passed an act abbre- 
viating the name to " United Society," and since that time the church 
is known by the name at the head of this article. 

The United Society now having two houses of worship held meet- 
ings in each of them in alternate months, continuing this custom about 
16 years, until the Fair Haven house was taken down to make room 
for the present North church. This was erected m 1818-14 by twenty 
members of the United Society who engaged to btiild it, receiving as 
their pay the old property of the society. This house is larger and cost 
about $38,000. It has been kept in good repair. 

Since the above union the pastors have been: Reverends John 
Gemmill, D.D., 1798-1801; vSamuel Merwin, 1805-31; Leicester A. 
Sawyer, 1835-7; Samuel W. S. Dutton, 1838-66;* Edward L. Clark, 
1867-72: Edward Hawes, 1873 84; Theodore T. Munger, 1885. 

luirly in 1884 the church was strengthened by the absorbtion of 
the Third Congregational church, there being now nearly 700 mem- 
bers. 

The growth of Yale College and the difficulty in finding services 
adapted to the desires of many students induced the formation of 
Yale College Church, June 30th, 1757. President Clap encouraged the 
movement, and the church was inclined to the " New Light " doctrine. 
The pastors have been as follows: Reverends Naphtali Daggett, 
Samuel Wales, Timothy Dwight, Eleazer Thompson Fitch, George 
Park Fisher. At present there is no pastor. Forty-five families 
belong to the church, and there are several hundred members. 
'Diorl lanuarv \liith. MGH, much lamented. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 181 

The Third Congreo-atiorial Church was organized September 6th, 
1826, and first worshipped in a lecture room of the First Society, on 
Orange street. In 1829 a meeting house m the eastern part of the city, 
on Chapel and Union streets, was occupied and used until 1839. Saund- 
er's Hall, on Chapel and Orange streets, was the next place of worship 
for two years. In 1841 and until 1846 a meeting house on Court street, 
now a Jewish synagogue, was used. The third meeting house was on 
Church street, opposite the east end of the green, which has been 
remodelled for the use of the New Haven Free Library. The congre- 
gation vacated it in 1884, when it was merged with the United or 
North church, on the green. This change was brought about by the 
movement of population toward the outskirts of the city and the too 
clo.se proximity of three Congregational churches in the center of the 
city. 

The Dixwell Avenue Church was organized in September, 1829, and 
was long known as the Temple Street church. The members are 
colored people, numbering 140. The present meeting house has only 
been occupied half a dozen years, since the house on Temple street 
was sold. Prior to this church many of the members were in full 
communion with the members of the First and Second churches. 

The College Street Church was formed August 31st, 1831, but did 
not have its own meeting house on this street until 1848. From 1836 
until the removal the church occupied a meeting house on Church 
street. It has 368 members. 

The Church of the Redeemer was organized November 4th, 1838, 
as the Chapel Street church, the old building of the Third church, on 
Union street, being occupied. A new meeting house was afterward 
erected on Orange and Wall streets, when the present name was 
taken by the church. The Reverend John E. Todd has been the pastor 
since 1869. The church has more than 500 members. Mission ser- 
vices on Oak street are maintained by this church. 

The Davenport Chirrch began as a mission of the First church, the 
first chapel being on Franklin street. The church was organized 
April 22d, 1862. The chapel occupied was destroyed May 1st, 1864. 
In the course of ten years the new chapel on Greene street was given 
up and the present edifice occupied. The pastor since 1874 has been 
Reverend I. C. Meserve, and the chi:rch has nearly 600 members. 

The Howard Avenue Church was organized December 27th, 1865, 
and had as its first pastor the Reverend Orlando H. White. In his 
ministry the church edifice was erected. The membership, at first not 
large, has increased to more than 30t.). A number of the constituent 
members were formerly connected with the South Congregational 
church on Columbus avenue. The house occupied was completed in 
]8o2, mainly by Gerard Hallock of New York, and for a time the 
church prospered. During the war the congregation was disrupted 
and as a consequence the Howard Avenue church was formed. The 



182 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

building, after being occupied some time, was sold to the Roman 
Catholics in ISTn, and is now their Church of the vSacred Heart. 

The Humphrey Street Church had its beginning in a mission of 
the First church, which built a chapel in a section of the city not 
before supplied with church privileges. The church was organized 
June 23d, 1869, and has greatly prospered. There are nearly 350 mem- 
bers. The present fine church edifice was erected in 1882 and dedi- 
cated January 18th, 1883. 

The Taylor Church was also fostered as a mission of the First 
church. It was organized February 6th, 1871. The membership is 
small but increasing. 

The Dwight Place Church was organized with this name Decem- 
ber .'5th, 1872. It IS the successor of the Howe vStreet Church, and the 
latter properly followed as the successor of the Park Street Church, 
gathered about 1840. The church edifice at Dwight place was com- 
pleted in 1870, and is the third one occupied by the above bodies. 
The church is large and prosperous, the members numbering more 
than OOO. 

The Ferry Street Church, in the eastern part of the city, was 
organized April 28th, 1887. Two years later 58 members were 
reported. 

The Emanuel Church was organized of Swedish members Decem- 
ber 13th, 1888. The following 3'ear there were 44 members. 

The organization of a conoregation of Danes, as a free church, was 
still more recent. 

In addition to these some of the above churches are active in the 
work of extension and support missions in various parts of the town. 

There are also two flourishing Cono-regational churches at Fair 
Haven- and one at Westville. 

During the war for the Union, when the South Congregational 
church divided in consequence of political affiliations of the members, 
an effort was made to form a Presbyterian church out of some 
of the discordant elements and others. The attempt did not succeed. 
In 1885, however, another opportunity was offered to form such a 
.society after the dissolution of the Third Congregational church, and 
the First Presbyterian church was organized. The lecture room of 
the Third church was first used as a place of worship, but recently a 
chtirch building was erected on Elm street, west of State, which is 
now occupied. The church has a small membership, but is a growing 
body. 

In the order of time the Episcopalians rank second as a religious 
body in the town of New Haven. As early as the latter part of the 
Seventeenth century there were some churchmen here, and later much 
attention was directed to that belief, when, in 1722, the rector of Yale 
College and others declared in its favor. Nevertheless, thirty more 
*See account of Fair Haven. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 183 

years elapsed before a church society was successfully established. 
Earlier efforts in this direction proved futile on account of the deter- 
mined opposition to any other organization than those of the Puritan 
church. Hence, the purpose of Reverend Jonathan Arnold, in 1736-8, 
to form a society and build a church upon a tract of land devised for 
that object by a churchman in London, proved unsuccessful. Nothing 
effective was done until 1752, when Enos Ailing and Isaac Doolittle 
purchased a lot for a church, which was properly the beginning of 
Trinity Parish, which is the oldest Episcopal organization in the town. 
In 1753 Reverend Ebenezer Punderson, a missionary of the " Society 
for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts," took up his resi- 
dence here as the first settled minister. He was succeeded by Rever- 
end Solomon Palmer, and the latter in turn by Reverend Bela Hirb- 
bard, whose ministry here began in 1767. Both were missionaries of 
the London Society, but after 1785 the parish solely supported Mr. 
Hubbard. Like his predecessors, he was a native of this county, and 
had also graduated from Yale. His record of parish work reveals the 
fact that in 1772, " the souls, white and black, belonging to the church 
in New Haven are 503, and in my church in West Haven there are 
220." This was an increase of about one-third over the number 
belonging when he became the minister. 

In 1770 the officers of Trinity parish were, as recorded in Mr. Hub- 
bard's "Notitia": " Mr. Isaac Doolittle and Capt. Stephen Mansfield, 
Church Wardens; ]Mr. Enos Ailing, Clerk: Capt. Christopher Kilby, 
Capt. Abiathar Camp and Mr. John I\Iiles, Vestrymen; James Powers, 
Sexton." 

The small church built in 1753 was enlarged in 1788, and a bell 
hung in the belfry in 1793. The following year the building was 
painted. Side galleries were projected in 1797, and a stove was sup- 
plied in 1806. 

Gn the 6th of December, 1812, Doctor Hubbard died, after having 
been for nearly 45 years the minister of the parish, as missionary and 
rector. He was an able man and much beloved by the entire com- 
munity. 

In 1812 the parish received the consent of the town to erect a new 
church on the green, and a site on the south central part was set aside 
for its use. The corner stone was laid May 17th, 1814, and when the 
church was consecrated, February 22d, 1816, it was claimed for it to 
have been the finest Gothic church building in New England. In 
1884 it was much enlarged and improved, and now has 1,400 .sittings. 
The first minister in this new Trinity church was Reverend Harry 
Crosswell, who was the rector of the parish from January 1st, 1815, 
until his death, March 13th, 1858. The following year the Reverend 
Edwin Harwood was elected rector and still so serves. The parish 
has been very active in the extension of church work, and the rectors 
have had the service of many colleague ministers. In_1890 there were 



184 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COTNTV. 

in the parish 470 families, 039 registered communicants, and a total 
expenditure of S]8,()Ul> for church and charu.ible purposes. 

St. Paul's Church had its origin as a chapel for Trinity parish. The 
chapel was occupied in lS3t),and the services were mamtained by Trinity 
until the spring of IS4.i, when St. Patxl's parish was created, with Rever- 
end Samuel Cooke as the rector. The church was improved in 184."), and 
enlarged and renovated in 1873. This parish is also very prosperous, 
having 500 families, 1,600 individual members and more than 7,000 
communicants. Since October, 1870, the rector has been Reverend 
Edward S. Lines. In 188!) a parish house was built, at an outlay of 
$27.0011, and more than S'>8,0(t0 was raised to carry on the church 
work. 

St. John's Church had its origin in ]8r)l as a mission of St. Paul's 
parish. It prospered so much that it became a separate parish in 18.')7. 
It has llf) families and 205 registered communicants. 

The Church of the Ascension also originated as a mission chapel of 
St. Paul's, and in the same year as the above. It became a separate 
parish on Ascension day, 1868, hence the name. For its use a new 
edifice of stone was con.secrated July 12th, 1883. The families in the 
parish number 229 and the communicants 288. 

St. Thomas' Church was organized in 1848. A temporary brick 
chapel was occupied in August, 184U.and the present stone edifice was 
built in 1854, and was consecrated on Easter, 1855. Reverend E. E. 
Beardsley, D.D., LL.D., has been the only rector of the parish, which 
has 162 families and 256 communicants. The work of the church is 
carried on at a yearly outlay of about $10,000. 

Christ Church was organized in 1856, in a chapel at the corner of 
Elm and Park streets. A new edifice was occupied in 1860, which has 
(ioo sittings. There are 280 communicant members. 

Grace Church was organized in 1871 in the Fair Haven section of 
the city. The church building has 400 sittings. In the parish are 
145 families and 222 registered communicants. 

.St. Luke's Church and parish were organized under the direction 
of Trinity parish, in 1844, for persons of color. For a considerable 
time Trinity chapel was used as a place of worsliip. The parish reports 
SO families, 106 registered communicants and a house of worship hav- 
ing 197 sittings. 

All Saints' Chapel has the support, of 120 f.amilics. and there are ()8 
persons enrolled as communicant members. 

To Trinity Chapel belong (51 families and 80 registered communi- 
cants. In addition tlicre arc in the town .St. James' parishes, at both 
Westville and Fair Haven East, noted in the accounts of these 
villages. 

Methodism was established in New Haven in the latter part of the 
last centttry, in spite of much indifference and strong opposition. In 
1789 Reverend Jesse Lee visited this part of New England, and 



HISTURV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 185 

preaching in the various towns several classes were formed. These 
were constituted the Middletown Circuit, of which Reverend John Lee 
was the preacher in charge in 1790. The class in New Haven county 
numbered nine members. In 1792 Samuel Pool and his wife Martha 
removed to the city from Farmington, and were the first resident 
Methodists, and their house became the preaching place. Later 
preaching was held at the house of William Thatcher, on York street, 
who came to New Haven in 1793. His wife, Anna Munson, became 
the first convert to Methodism in 1794. The following year the 
above four and Anna Mix were constituted the first Methodi.st class 
in New Haven by Reverend Daniel Ostrander, the circuit preacher. 
In 1795 the class bought the old Sandemanian meeting house, on 
Gregson street, which was their first public preaching place. Here 
they were much annoyed by the rowdy element of the city and their 
meetings were often broken up. They even attempted to destroy the 
meeting house, and on one occasion hewed the pulpit to pieces. Yet 
the church increased in numbers and a new house of worship was 
required to accommodate those who wished to attend. In-18n7 a frame 
building was put up, which was used fifteen years. In July, 1820, the 
society received liberty to build a meeting house on the northwest 
corner of the green. The corner stone for such a house was laid May 
15th, 1821, and by September it was nearly completed when, on the 
3d day of that month, a great gale demolished it. By proper effort 
the hou.se was rebuilt at once, so that it was ready for dedication ^lay 
23d, 1822. It was erected largely by the means collected by Reverend 
William Thatcher, one of the original members of the church, who 
had, in the meantime, become a minister. The house was very large, 
but plain, and in its locality unsightly, hence in 1848 a successful 
effort was made to secure its removal from the green. A fine and cen 
trally located lot, on the opposite side of Elm street, was secured, upon 
which was erected in 1849, the present First Methodist church. The 
property is valued at $00,000, and the members belonging number 
more than 500. Methodism has secured a strong foothold in the 
town, there being now a dozen churches, more than ^300,000 worth of 
property and over 3,000 members. 

The Ea.st Pearl or Fair Haven Church was organized about 1830. 
It is very prosperous. 

The St. John Street Church was organized in 1840. Its church 
edifice was erected in 1845. It is valued at $30,000. The membership 
is large and increasing. 

The George Street Church worships in a hou.se erected in 1853 and 
since enlarged. There are more than 200 members. It has lately 
become known as Grace church. 

The Dixwell Avenue or Summerfield Church had its origin as a 
mi.ssion started in a carriage shop in 1871. Its church edifice was 
erected in 1875. 



186 HISTORY OF NEW H.WEN COUNTY. 

The Howard Avenue Church was organized in 1S72, and the Haven 
Memorial Church later. 

The Trinity Church wa.s formed in 1SS2, when several societies 
united to constitute this body. On a fine lot on the corner of Dwight 
place and George street a large edifice was erected at a cost of $50,000, 
which was dedicated February 18th, 18S3. It has been remarkably 
prosperous, having nearly 900 members. 

There are also a German Methodist Episcopal church on George 
street, and three societies of persons of color, entertaining Methodistic 
belief. These are the Bethel A. M. E. church, on Sperry street; the 
Zion A. M. E. church, on Foote street ; and the Union American 
church, on Webster street. In none of these is the membership large, 
but is slowly increasing. 

The Baptists have in the city the following organizations: The 
First Baptist Church was formed in October, 181(3, with twelve mem- 
bers. In 1889 about 700 members were reported. Their first house 
of worship was dedicated July 27th, 1824. In the course of ten years 
It was enlarged and subsequently improved. 

In 1842 a number of members left to form the Second Baptist 
church, whose organization was kept up a score of years. In 180,5 its 
members and interests were united with the First church, and soon 
after a larger edifice was provided. It was dedicated in November, 
1871. In March, 1882, it was damaged by fire to the amount of $25,- 
000, but was thoroughly repaired. It is now valued at §60,000. It is 
generally called the Wooster Place church. 

Immanuel Baptist Church was organized in 1856, and is composed 
of persons of color. The congregation secured its building on Day 
street in 1882. There are IGo members. 

The German Baptist Church was organized in 1868, of 24 persons, 
who withdrew from the First church for that purpose. Its house of 
worship on George street is valued at ><16,000. There are about 150 
members. 

The Calvary Baptist Church, organized in 1871, has become a very 
prosperous body. The church edifice has 1,500 sittings, and is valued 
at §110,000. In the neighborhood of 700 members belong to this 
active body. 

The Grand Avenue Baptist Church, organized in 1872, has over 200 
members. Hope Baptist church was recently organized in a chapel 
where Sunday schools had previously been maintained. 

A vSwedish Baptist church was organized in 1882, and a Danish 
one in 188(5. Both are small. 

German Lutheran congregations were organized in 1865 and in 
1885. The Swedish Bethe.sda Lutheran church was more recently 
organized. 

Congregations of members professing the faith of the Second 
Aventists have been organized, one, on Beers street, being at present 
in existence. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 187 

The Universalists have had several societies, the Church of the 
Messiah, on Orang^e street, continuing- its existence. It dates from 
1850. The Second Universalist church was organized more recently. 

In the city are four congregations of Hebrews, and this sect has 
been steadily increasing. They became a fixed part of the population 
about 1840. Two years later their place of burial at Westville was 
opened. The first Hebrews here were Germans, and in 1849 a rabbi 
was secured. In 1856 the first regular synagogue was opened. In 
1881 a congregation of Russian Jews was gathered, and one of other 
nationalities later. 

The introduction of Catholicism was comparatively recent. But 
few members of that faith lived in the state before the beginning of 
the present century, and the church in the county has had its principal 
growth in the past fifty years. The first general account of this 
denomination appeared in the Connecticut Journal, January 28th, 17'.)6, 
and is as follows: 

" The Roman Catholics of Connecticut are informed that a priest 
is now in New Haven, where he will reside for some time. Those who 
wish to make use of his ministry will find him by inquiring at Mr. 
Azel Kimberley's, Chapel street." 

The Catholics of that period were most of them French refugees, 
and for their especial benefit this ministry was provided. But not 
until the advent of the Irishmen as laborers upon the public works 
was it deemed advisable to set up the forms of the church and to 
administer its rites regularly. Reverend James Fitton is accredited 
with being the first permanent priest, and a parish in the diocese of 
Boston was organized. In May, 1834, the first Catholic edifice was 
consecrated as Christ church. The congregation in attendance on 
that occasion crowded the church so that the organ gallery fell down, 
killing two persons. In 1848 the church was burned, when a new 
edifice was purchased and consecrated as St. Mary's church, which was 
used until the commodious and elegant St. Mary's church, on Hill- 
house avenue, was occupied. It was erected in 1875, at a cost of $150,- 
000, and is the finest and most valuable church property in the city. 
It is a fit evidence of the vigor and zeal of the congregation which 
occupies it. The parish has aided in planting a number of churches 
of its faith in the city and the suburban towns. 

St. Patrick's parish was organized in 1850, and the church build- 
ing occupied, on Grand street, was consecrated in 1853. 

Where stood the first Catholic church (Christ's) St. John's church 
was built and consecrated in 1858. Its church and school property is 
extensive and valuable, and the membership is very large. 

St. Francis' Church, in Fair Haven, was occupied in 1868. 

The Church of the Sacred Heart was occupied as a Catholic place 
of worship in 1875. 

Prior to this time, in 1808, a German Catholic church was organ- 



l<"^y HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

ized as St. Boniface. Worship was held in a hall until 1873, when the 
church edifice was consecrated. 

St. Michael's Church was the last organized. Its membership is 
composed mainly of Italians. 

The aggregate membership of the Catholic church in this city is 
very large, and at the rate it lias been increasing in the past .score of 
years, will soon equal that of all the Protestant churches combined. 

The cemeteries of New Haven are, as a rule, well kept and 
attractive. We learn from an inscribed marble slab affixed to the west 
end of the Center church, on New Haven green, that: " F'rom the set- 
tlement of New Haven, 16:^8, to 1796, the adjoining ground was 
occupied as a common place of burial. Then a new burying ground 
was opened and divided into family lots and city squares. In 1813 
this church was placed over the monuments of several whose names 
are engraved on tablets in the vestibule. In 1821 the remaining 
monuments were, by the consent of survivors, and under the direction 
of the city, removed to the new ground." On that occasion appropriate 
ceremonies were observed, the Reverend Mr. Hill, the Baptist pastor, 
delivering an address. 

The old burial place was set aside, in conformity with the English 
custom, to inter the dead on ground' contiguous to ihe church. It was 
never attractive, and for many years it was surrounded by a board 
fence, painted a dingy red color. After the new place of burial was 
opened its u.se was gradually discontinued, the last interment there 
being made in October, 1812, being the remains of Mrs. Martha 
Whittlesey, who was buried by the side of her husband, the Reverend 
Chauncey Whittlesey. Both lie in the crypt of the church, which was 
properly improved by the society. In the sEime place lie the remains 
of Jared IngersoU, wdio died August 25th, 1781, at the age of GO years. 
He was a judge of the court of vice-admiralty, in the I\liddle district 
of America. Reverends James Pierpont and Josep'h Noyes rest at the 
same place. The Center church covers the tombstones of about 140 
persons, whose names have been inscribed on the tablets placed in the 
vestibule. In the rear of the church the tombstone of the regicide 
Judge Dixwell has been preserved, and a monument has been placed 
over his grave in more recent years. Aside from these, more than 
eight hundred tombstones were removed to the Grove Street cemetery, 
where they have been arranged in alphabetical order, against the 
north and the west enclosures. The oldest one is that of Samuel Hod- 
shon, died August 2Gth, 1G73, aged nine years. He was a son of John 
Hodshon, whose estate after his deatli, in KIOO, was one <if the largest 
that had been probated in the colony. 

It is claimed for the Grove Street cemetery that it was the first on 
the globe which was regularly laid out into family lots, walks and 
driveways. The honor of originating it and of carrying out the plan 
after the enterprise was begun belongs to James Hillhouse, one of the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 189 

most public spirited of New Haven's citizens in the last century. 
Moved by a proper desire, as he expressed it, " to secure to his own 
and the families of his fellow citizens a .sacred and inviolate burial 
place," he and 32 others were incorporated, in October, 1797, as the 
"Proprietors of the New Burying Ground in New Haven." Each- of 
these persons agreed to purchase a family lot, and thus a popular 
interest was awakened in the cemetery: but for many years Air. Hill- 
house had the sole management of affairs, and his efforts placed it 
i:pon a permanent basis. To the original tract of ten acres nearly 
eight more were added in 1814, and the whole area has been substan- 
tially inclosed. At the main entrance a fine gateway has been erected, 
upon which are cut the words: 

"The Deaij Shall I!E Raised." 

Martha Townsend, who died November 9th. 1797, was the first 
person here buried. The cemetery is distinguished for the number of 
graves of notable persons it contains. Here repose statesmen, scholars, 
inventors and men honored as soldiers and sailors. The great invent- 
ors, Eli Whitney, S. F. B. Morse and Charles Goodyear are all buried 
here. The monument of the latter is inscribed plainly: 

"Charles Goodyear, 

Inventor, 

Born in New Haven, Dec. 2;), 1800; 

Died in New York, July 1. 1800. " 

Here are the graves of General David Humphreys, of the revolu- 
tion, and General Alfred H. Terry and other brave and honored sol- 
diers of the war for the Union. Here peacefully sleep Admirals Foote 
and Gregory; those eminent ministers, Lyman Beecher and Leonard 
Bacon; the learned Professor Silliman and the beloved lexicographer. 
Doctor Noah Web.ster. It is doubtful whether any other similar 
enclosure in this country contains so many graves of the great and the 
good as does the humble Grove Street Cemetery. 

In the course of fifty years but few vacant family lots remained in 
the above cemetery, when, to meet the increasing demand. Evergreen 
Cemetery was opened in the western part of the city by an association 
incorporated for that purpose, which took the present name October 
19th, 1848. A little more than a month later the first interment took 
place: Lewis Fisk, aged 41 years, who died November 29th, 1848, being 
buried on Lot No. 50, on Myrtle avenue. The cemetery was formally 
dedicated June 29th, 1849, and has since been largely patronized. To 
the original area of thirteen acres additions were made in 1856 and 
since, until the cemetery embraces fifty acres. It is well located, 
finely laid out, and contains many handsome monuments. Among 
these is a soldiers' monument, erected in 1870 by the state to the 
memory of the 204 United States soldiers who died in Knight FIos- 
pital, 1862-5, and were buried in the.se grounds. A fine firemen's 



11*0 mSTORV OF NKW HAVEN COUNTY. 

monument was erected in 1S77, by the New Haven Firemen's Benev- 
olent Association; and about the same time the Odd Fellows put up a 
handsome granite monument near the mam entrance. Among- the 
private monuments that of the Anderson family attracts attention by 
the beauty of the design and the elegance of its construction. An 
archway of red sandstone was built at the main entrance in 1873. 

North of F^vergreen Cemetery is the newly located Maple Dale 
Cemetery. It has a good location and being well improved for occu- 
IJancy will, no doubt, soon become a popular place for burial. 

A mile or more still further north is the cemetery at Westville, 
whose area has lately been increased to accommodate those wishing 
to make interment at that place. Near by is a small Jewish place of 
burial. At Fair Haven are several grave yards which are used by 
the people of that part of the town, and are also becoming numeroush' 
tenanted. 

St. Bernard's Cemetery, in the southwestern part of the city, was 
the first large place of burial for the Roman Catholics of the town: 
but the first interments were made where is now St. John's church 
(R. C). A very large and finely located cemeter}-, on the west side of 
West river, for the use of Catholics, was consecrated in the fall of 
1890, as St. Lawrence's Cemetery. 

Fair H.wen is the name applied to that part of the town and city 
of New Haven lying on both sides of the Ouinnipiac river, about two 
miles east of New Haven green. The part on the east side was in the 
town of East Haven until its annexation to New Haven in 1881. It 
is usually called Fair Haven East; the western part is called Fair 
Haven, in the city, or Fair Haven West. The two sections are united 
by three fine bridges, the upper one, or (jrand avenue bridge, 427 
feet long, 50 feet wide and standing on seven piers. It cost $29,000. 
It IS used for the tracks of the street railway, extending from this 
place through the city to Westville. The lower bridge is called Tom- 
linson's, from the name of one of the builders. The middle, bridge is 
at Red Rock, at the site of the ferry used before the era of bridges. 
It was built in recent years. The two sections of Fair Haven have 
more than five thousand inhabitants. There are half a dozen churches 
and several very fine school buildings. 

At the time of the settlement of the country this locality was 
called Dragon or Dragon Point, from the following circumstance: On 
the east side of the river, about forty rods below the bridge, was a 
sandy strip of shore, upon which seals were wont to disport them- 
selves. As the settlers had never before seen seals, they were led to 
think, judging from the l^jible description, that they were dragons, 
hence the name of the point. 

Although pleasantly and advantageousls' located, the growth of 
Fair Haven was slow for more than two centuries, when the place 
partook of the growth of New Haven city. Since then it has increased 
in population and wealth. 



HISTORY OF XEW HAVEX COUNTY. 191 

The following interesting- reminiscences of this locality were given 
by Captain Plezekiah Tattle to Captain C. H. Townsend,'from whose 
writings they are extracted for these pages. Captain Tuttle was born 
at Fair Haven in 1811, and his remembrance of the place was distinct 
back to 182(1: 

" At that time Fair Haven bridge, the old structure on East 
Grand street, succeeded by the present iron bridge, had a draw in 
it, or a part of it was so arranged that it could be taken up for 
vessels to pass, as they did in the war of 1812 to be got out of danger 
of the enemy's cruisers on the Sound, which would run into our small 
harbors and destroy shipping and other property within easy reach. 
The Barnesville bridge was not then built, and frequently has he 
forded the river there on the ice or waded it on his way to the North 
church on the Green in New Haven, where most of the Fair Haven 
(West) people attended meeting. The Fair Haven (East) people gen- 
erally attended meeting at East Haven at the ' stone meeting house.' 
He says the old Ferry road from Neck bridge to Pardee Ferry existed 
in his day only in part, from Grand street near the New Haven 
horse car depot, northwest to Neck bridge, through State street or 
Neck Lane, and that was the only road to town from Fair Haven 
bridge. There were about this time only very few houses on the west 
side, and these were situated along the river under the hill. x\lso all 
that part of Fair Haven (West) south of the New Haven and Hart- 
ford railroad was an open coinmon and belonged to the Hillhouseand 
Everitt families. There was a row of Lombardy poplars on the Hill- 
house property, south end of the neck which ran westward from Jerard 
Sanford'sline to Mill river. The burying ground had just been fenced 
in and contained about two acres. The first burial there was Stephen 
Bunnell, a child, and the second was Captain Tuttle's little brother 
Charles, aged 4 years. The names of the Fair Haven (West) residents 
and their houses, as our informant remembers them, were as follows: 
Jerard Sanford, father of Captain Titus Sanford, next a red house and 
now standing north of the west end of Quinnipiac bridge; the Allen 
house, where Edward Hall's house now stands; Amos Luddington's, 
now Levi Luddington's, near Rhody Allen's. At the south corner of 
Exchange street, where the butcher's shop is, was the Grannis 
house ; also at the north corner and along this street to the 
Methodist church corner, north side, half way up the hill, was 
Robert Talmage's; on same side, top of hill, Stephen Bunnell's, and 
on the corner Lydia Barnes', and opposite, on west corner, in a red 
house, lived Solomon Johnson. In the next house north of the Gran- 
nis house, on South Front street, lived Seth Barnes; then came the 
house of Levi Tuttle, father of Captain Tuttle; next the old Ball 
house, where the Barnett house now is. 

"There was on the King Hotel corner an old house bought of the 
Grannis family by Herman Hotchkiss, father of Horace R. Hotchkiss, 



in2 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

who moved it when the hotel was built upon the Common west of the 
.Methodist church: and Nathaniel Dayton lived in it. On the north 
side of Grand street was the tavern known later as Finch's tavern and 
built bv Mr. John Rowe. Opposite toward the bridge was a store 
kept bv Elijah and John Rowe. Next north of the tavern, on the west 
side of the road, was Isaac Mallory's, and next was Levi Grannis', the 
farthest house north. Toward New Haven and west of Finch's tavern 
were only two hou.ses, Elophus Gillett's and Captain Everitfs, where 
Mrs. O. E. Maltby's fine residence is. The stone house belonging to 
the Maitby family, is not an old house, having been built since Barnes- 
ville bridge, about 1825. 

" We come now to the Fair Haven East section. The location ot 
the hou.ses on the road which leads from East Haven north toward 
North Haven was, first, the Pardee house of the Revolution, plundered 
of its silver by the British under Tryon, July 4-.-), 1779. and now owned 
by William B. Goodyear, Esq. Then came old Jacob Mallory's hou.se 
on the site of Town.send Bros.' ship yard property. Amos Brown s 
was a few rods up the hill on the street that runs up the hill from 
Capt. Caleb Ludington's. Next was Isaac Moulthrop's above kim- 
berly's blacksmith shop. Then came the Mallory house where Hem- 
ingway's corner store is. All these were on the west side of the road 
and south of the bridge except the Brown house on the hill. Toward 
the bridge, south side, was a shoemaker's shop. On the north corner, 
and where the store of Mr. Lucius Rowe is, was the Hotchkiss tavern, 
and this property, from the street towards the bridge to low water 
mark into the river, was owned, as decided by-the court, and belonged 
to Horace R. and Samuel Hotchkiss, while the .same distance to low 
water mark m the river, south .side, belonged to Wyllys and Willett 
Hemingway, Harry and Levi Rowe. These parties occupied the flats 
to low water mark with their buildings, now standing. 

" In the next house north of the Hotchkiss tavern and west side of 
the street, Annoni Mallory lived. Then came Will Bradley's, north 
of Brown's brook. On the south corner of the road that leads north- 
east to Matthew Rowe's, the Russell farm, lived Capt. Isaac Brown, 
and on the north corner Ezra Rowe. Opposite on the west side was 
Levi Rowe and John Rowe, where Mr. Barney Rowe now lives: then 
came James Maflorv, father of Captain Jerard Mallory, and on north- 
ward half a mile on the Davenport farm was the ired) Good.scll house 
and the two Davenport houses, one of which, the residence of the late 
David Bradley, is now .standing, and over under Hemingway mountain 
lived Enos Hemingway, father of the late Judge Willett and Colonel 
Wyllys (twins) Hemingway. . . 

'• Capt Tuttle .says the first cargo of oysters brought from \ irginia 
to Fair Haven was m the schooner ■ John,' Capt. Elophus Gillett, his 
uncle They were taken from the Nancy Munn bed in James river, 
and were laid down above and below the bridge on the flats, east side. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



193 



The Ouinnipiac and Newark rivers were sixty years ao-o the onlv 
place north of the Cape of Virginia where oystens grew^ nlturall ' 
The first cargo of oysters planted in Morris Cove was brought to New 
Haven m the schooner ' Mary and Martha,' Captain Abijah Moulthrop 
Munson.of Fair Haven (East), in the year 1834. The schooner was 
of 83 tons burthen and built on the east shore of Maryland, and was 
owned by William K. Townsend. Daniel Smith and others This 
cargo of 1,600 bushels of fishing oysters arrived in April 1834 and 
was laid down opposite the Morris wharf for fall use." 

K ^ffnV^'' ^^^^ "'""'^ '''^'" ''y'^'^^ planting received a new impetus 
about 400,000 bushels being brought here in one year. Large quan: 
titles of oysters were planted, and after their growth Fair Haven 
became a great oyster distributing center. Many men were employed 
m this industry, which included the manufacture of kegs for .shippmcr 
etc. Less firms are engaged in this business than formerly, but th^e 
interest is still the most important in the village. Vessel buildin^ 
was at one time a great indu.stry, a marine railway also beino- maim 
tamed m that business. On the east side are wire mills and laro-e 
chemical works, but the most of the inhabitants find occupation Tn 
New Haven city, of which this is the principal suburb. 

Fair Haven East was incorporated as a borough by the May, 187''? 
legislature, with bounds one and a half miles long, on the east side 
of the river, and about one mile wide. Previous to this the Fair 
Haven East Fire Association had been created by legislative enact- 
ment, and by the latter a fire department was established and equipped. 
This department is also controlled by borough authority and a fair 
measure of protection against fires has been secured. Water is sup- 
plied by the New Haven Water Company, and twelve public hydrants 
are in service. In its police and sanitary arrangements the borough 
has also been greatly improved. The affairs of the corporation a^'re 
carried on at a yearly expense of about $3,500. 

The following have been the wardens of the borough: 1872 3, E 
Edwin Hall; 1874-9, Daniel W. Shares; 1880, W. Hemingway; 1881-5,' 
Horace A. Strong; 1886,Wyllis Hemingway; 1887, William A. Wright.' 
The clerk since 1876 has been Charles E. Bray. 

Fair Haven's distinct religious history dates from the great revival 
in 1808, when 38 of its inhabitants were received into neighboring 
churches. The revivals of 1816 and 1821 added to the number, and 
Deacon Amos Townsend established a Sabbath school. The organi- 
zation of the First Congregational church soon followed, June''23d, 
1830, on which day its meeting house was dedicated. Fifty-three per- 
sons were enrolled as constituent members, thirty having formerly 
belonged to the East Haven church, the remainder to the North 
church in New Haven. The growth of the church was .so vigorous 
that a new house of worship was dedicated April 24th, 1854. It is a 
13 



194 HISTORY OF Ni:\V HAVEN COUNTY. 

fine building and has sittings for 1,400 persons. In 18.V2 the dnirch 
contributed 119 members to the formation of the Fair Haven East 
church, but still has a large membership, about 500 belonging m 

1890. n -D T C 

Reverend John Mitchell was the first pastor, 1830-6; B. L.bwan, 
1836-45; Burdett Hart, 1846-60, and again 1880. The present minister 
is Reverend I. Lee Mitchell, colleague to Reverend Hart. 

The Second Congregational Church at Fair Haven East was organ- 
ized March 25th, 1852, of 119 members who had withdrawn from the 
First church of Fair Haven. On the same day the meeting house, 
erected at a cost of $16,000, was dedicated as the property of the 
Ecclesiastical Society, organized March 23d, 1852, with nine members, 
but which number was subsequently increased to 150 members. 

Before a pastor was secured a division took place m the society. 41 
members being dismissed May 3d, 1853, to form the Third or Center 
Cono-re-ational church of Fair Haven. This body completed a meet- 
ino- houl^e, which stood on the west side of the river, and which was 
dedicated September 6th, 18.54. The Reverend William B. Lee became 
the pastor of this Third church, which maintained a separate exist- 
ence about ten years, when it expired. Many of the remaining mem- 
bers now returned to the Second church, which has since greatly 
prospered. From 1861 to 1869 136 members were added. In 18-1- , 
as the result of gracious revivals, 197 persons united with the 

About this time a new chapel was built, at a cost of $6,000. In 
recent years the meeting house was renovated and modernized at 
an outlay of $2,500; and a fine parsonage was secured for $6,o00. 

In Tuly 1890. the Fair Haven East church had 787 names on its 
books,'and'a present membershipof 439. The Young People's Society 
of Christian Endeavor has 250 members, and the Sabbath school has 
an average attendance of more than 200 members. John b. Thomp- 
son is the superintendent. 

The pastors have been; Nathaniel J. Burton. D.D., called 
Tulv 20th, 1853; resigned August 30th, 1857; died October 
13th 1887. (nirdon W. Noyes, called June 30th, 1861; resigned 
November 8th, 1869; died April 28th, 1887. John S. C. Abbott, RD 
called April 6th, 1870; resigned May, 1874; died June 1-th, 1877. 
Richard B. Thurston, called May 1st, 1875; resigned May 1st. 1876. 
Horace C. Hovey, D.D., called -May, 1876; resigned October, 883. 
Erastus Blakeslee, called January 21st, 1884; resigned October Uth, 
1887. D. Melancthon James, called July 22d, 1888, and continues as 

^^'"^Thrdeacons have been the following: James R. Hunt, elected 
April 17th, 1852; died July 11th. 1857. Harvey Rowe, elected April 
17th 18.52; resigned March 2oth, 1853; died December 2..th, 1861. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 195 

Charles A. Bray, elected April 17th, 1853; resigned June 2uth, 1879 
Edwm D. Fowler, elected April 17th, 1853; died January 8th, 1885 

irth"T.7^°"u '"'''li'^r' '^'^'' ^873. -Albert Rowe, elected April 
Ibth, 1877. Henry W. Looinis, elected June 13th. 1879; declined a 
S;t fc^r ^,^^^f ber 28th, 1888. *Charies N. Hubbard, elected March 
^5th 1881. "Jedediah O. Clogston, elected March 27th, 1885. Lewis 
J^ nsbie, elected December 28th, 1888; died April 19th, 1890 

Charies A. Bray is the church clerk; and Lucius Rowe the treasurer 
Ihe society is very prosperous and the church property has become 
valuable. 

St.^ James- Church, Protestant Episcopal, Fair Haven East, was 
organized March 30th, 1843, at the house of James Barnes, and he and 
beorge R Thomas were elected the first wardens. In June of the 
same year the parish was admitted into the diocese of Hartford 
Captain Isaac Barnes donated a lot for a church, whose corner stone 
•was laid July 8th, 1844. The following year the edifice was completed 
and the church was dedicated with the above name June 17th, 1845! 
Previous to its occupancy the members of the parish, most of whom 
liad belonged to Trinity church of New Haven, had called as their 
rector Reverend William E. Vibbert, who has since continued as the 
minister. At that time he was a deacon in the church, but, Novem- 
ber 12th, 1845, priest's orders were here given him by Bishop Brown- 
ell. Later the degree of D.D. was conferred on him. With one 
single exception (the church at Greenwich) the rectorship of Doctor 
Vibbert has been longer continued than that of any other minister 
m the state. After about 47 years he still ably serves, at the ao-e 
of 76 years. "^ 

In 1854 a recessed chancel was added to the church, which was 
re-opened November 11th. 1854, by Bishop John Williams. In 1862 
the interior of the church was remodelled, about $6,000 being spent 
■on these two occasions. 

In May, 1864, James Barnes, the senior warden up to that time, 
died, bequeathing his residence to the parish for a rectory. ]\Iore 
recently the church was thoroughly remodelled and a brass pulpit 
and brass lecterns were supplied. Chapel accommodations were also 
supplied, and there are now 400 sittino-s. 

In the parish are 140 church families and 425 individuals. The 
registered communicants number 198. The Sunday school has 157 
members. 

The Fair Haven Y. M. C. A. is a branch of the New Haven Asso- 
ciation, and its principal officers are Reverend D. M. James, presi- 
dent; Walter A. Downs, secretary. The branch has 200 contributing 
members and is prosperous. Meetings are held statedly, and fine 
.association rooms are maintained. They embrace parlor, recreation, 
*Deacons. 189L 



196 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

assembly and reading rooms, all of which are appropriately fitted up 
and in use since Thanksgiving day, ISiJO. 

The East Pearl Methodist Episcopal Church originated in a class 
of a dozen persons, of which Ammi Mallory was the leader, in 1832. 
The first hou.se of worship was dedicated January 3()th, 183H, and 
the building being small, a larger edifice was built in 183;"). The 
third church building was dedicated May 13th, 1873. It is a valuable 
property, being reported worth $40,0()0. There are about 500 mem- 
bers belonging to this church. 

St. Francis' Church (Roman Catholic) on Ferry street, was begun 
in 1867 by Reverend P. A. Gaynor. Services were first held in the 
basement October 1st, 1868. The building was later completed, a fine 
priest's house built and near by expensive school houses were added 
to the already large and valuable property of the parish. This denom- 
ination is by far the strongest in the village. 

We.stville is pleasantly situated on the plain, at the base of West 
Rock, and on both sides of West river, about two miles from New 
Haven green. It contains Congregational, Episcopal, ]\Iethodist and 
Catholic churches, a very fine school building, erected in 1868, several 
large factories, stores and has about 1,500 inhabitants. Since the 
completion of the street railway from New Haven, in 1861, the popu- 
lation has increased and some fine residences have been erected. In 
recent years the village has grown in favor as a suburban place to the 
city. (_)n the western borders of the plain, and overlooking the 
village, is Donald G. Mitchell's (Ik Marvel's) lovely country seat, 
" Edgewood." On the north West Rock ri.sesmore than 400 feet high, 
and its abrupt face presents a striking appearance. " These rocks are 
trap and are composed of hornblende and feldspar; iron enters con- 
siderably into their composition; hence, during their decompo.sition, 
iron rust gradually covers the exterior of the stone, thus giving it a 
reddish brown appearance. It forms an excellent building stone and 
is extensively employed for that purpose in New Haven."* Northeast 
from the village, on the summit of this hill, are several large rocks, 
so arranged as to form a sort of a cave. Here the regicide judges, 
Goffe and Whalley, were sheltered while they sojourned at New 
Haven. "On the talle.st of the boulders, at 'Judge's Cave,' from time 
immemorial, has been seen this line, though now mostly if not quite 
obliterated. 

" DiSOIlKDIENCE TO TYR.WTS IS OBEDIENCE TO CTOI)l"f 

While here the judges were supplied with food by Richard Sperry, 
of Woodbridge. 

This locality was long known as Thompson's Bridge, and also as 
Hotchkisstown, f rom the numerous members of that family who resided 

*J. W. Barber. ITIenry Howe. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. I97 

here Several of the Hotchkisses lost their lives in the revolution at 
the time the British marched through here, on their attack upon 
New Haven. The Thompsons and Dickermans were also early 
residents. ^^^iiy 

The post office bears the name of Westville and is quite import- 
ant, supplying also most of the inhabitants of Woodbridge with mail 
matter For a time the appointment of the postmaster was pre.si- 
dential, but the office now ranks as in the fourth class. Since Sep- 
tember, 1885, the postmaster has been Willis I. Isbell. 

At Westville were some of the first manufacturing interests of the 
town. In 1645, at a town court, '• It was propounded that Edw'Chiss- 
held might have libertie to make bricks on the plaines, under the West 
Rocke, to wch there is a good highway, which was allowed of." Stone 
was also early quarried here and small mills out up. In the course of 
years a powder mill was operated on this stream, and about the time 
of the revolution there were two such mills on West river, one above 
the other below the village. The business was carried on by Isaac 
Doolittle. Jeremiah Atwater and Elijah Thompson. It is probable 
that the manufacture of paper was here begun some time about the 
revolution, and it has for more than a centurv been a leading 
industry. In 1835 there were three paper mHls and an iron 
foundry. 

In 1789 Abel Buel, William Mcintosh and others put up a large 
building at Westville, and commenced the manufacture of cotton 
cloths, being among the first in America to be thus engaged. After 
producing cotton cloths some years the machinery was ''changed to 
make woolen goods; and still later the building was used as a^per 
mill, and in 1837 it was burned. Another building on the same site 
for the same u.se was burned more recently. 

Formerly the water power of the streams at Westville was used to 
much greater advantage than at present. Where are now the Pond 
Lily Paper Mills. Hotchkiss & Johnson made axles and springs. 
Their shop was burned in 1856. James Harper next improved the 
site for a paper mill, with the foregoing name, and John Thompson 
now occupies the mill for the manufacture of manilla wrapping paper. 
The capacity is small. 

On the night of December 2()th, 1842, Bunce's paper mill, at West- 
ville, was burned, leading the Millerites to think that the world was 
coming to an end. At the upper power in the village are now the 
extensive paper mills of Joseph Parker & Son, established in 1840, 
and operated for 16 years on book paper made from cotton waste. In 
1856 Jcseph Parker, the founder of the firm, began the manufacture 
of blotting paper, being the pioneer in America in that line. The 
manufacture of the two standard grades, then begun—" Treasury" and 
" Commercial,"— has been successfully continued. About half a hun 
dred men are employed. 



-j^gg HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Below this power James Rawson had a knife shop, but removed 
his works to the lower part of the avenue. Next lower was the Peck 
& Smith paper mill. The latter died and Peck removed, the mill pass- 
ing to Albert Mallory. It was last known as Thompson's, burning 
some time ago, and the power is now idle. 

Where are the main buildings of the match factory, in about 1850 
Wales French made augers and bits, William A.Clark and Howard 
Blake being later owners. Anson Beecher & Son made strawberry bas- 
kets and matches here next, the latter business expanding until this has 
become one of the principal plants of the Diamond Match Company, 
whose headquarters are at Chicago. Of the works at Westville, which 
are extensive and well equipped, employing about one hundred men, 
L. W. Beecher is the manager. 

Below these works a large brick shop was erected by William A. 
Clark for a bit factory, which was later occupied by his son, Frank, 
who sold to R. H. Brown & Co. The latter firm removed the works 
to New Haven. 

Hio-her up Pond brook were the hardware works of the Blake 
Brothers-Eli W., Philos and John A.-which was once an important 
industry, employing in the neighborhood of a hundred men. i his 
site is now idle. The business of the Fitch Brothers, m the lower 
part of the village, was removed to New Haven, as was also that ot 
Henry Harrison, manufacturer of grist mill inachmery. 

Another abandoned interest is the sash and blind factory of Sheldon 
Hotchkiss, which was on the south side of iMain street. Below are 
idle works, built for the manufacture of bolts and nuts, which were 
last occupied by the New Haven Nut Company, and which once 
employed a number of hands. 

Other industries had their origin in Westville, which at one time 
bade fair to become an important manufacturing point, but for w-ant 
of shipping facilities many industries were closed or removed to 
other towns. In 1891 there was little else besides the match works 
and the Parker paper mill. 

Olive Branch Lodge, No. 84, F. & A. M., was instituted at West- 
ville July 1st 1856, and the charter was granted May 13th, 18o7. to 
the following petitioners: Joshua Kendall, William W. L^e Cyrus 
Crandall, Henrv Norton, L. P. Woodworth, Lewis P. Spencer.Wil lam 
V Spencer, Levi Baldwin, W. S. Thompson, A. C. Sperry and Sheldon 
Bassett. The lodge meets in a good room in Sperry's Hall and is 
prosperous. 

In the same hall are held the meetings of Edgewood Lodge No. 
11 K of P which was instituted June 25th. 1869, with about thirty 
charter members. Soon after it increased largely, having at one time 
one hundred members. At present the number belonging is nearly 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 199 

fifty. One of the members of thi.s Lodge, Willis B. Isbell, was grand 
chancellor of the state, lS8r)-7. 

The Westville Methodist Episcopal Church is the oldest organiza- 
tion in that village. As the result of the preaching of Reverend Oliver 
Sykes, in ISlO, a class was formed in 1815, which was composed of 
a few female members, among whom was Miss Harriet Hitchcock, the 
first Methodist in the village. In 1818 .she married Benjamin Bradley, 
who, about that time came to Hotchki.sstown to live, and their home 
was for twenty years the headquarters of itinerant Methodist 
ministers. 

After worshipping in school houses the Methodists in 1835 pur- 
chased an abandoned school hou.se, and thus having their own place 
of worship entered upon a new era, under the ministry of Reverend 
Abraham vS. Francis. He was an able man and a successful revivalist. 
At this time Hamden and Westville were united as a circuit, and later 
Bethany was added, the church at Westville being at present united 
with the latter charge in forming a circuit. 

In IS.')! L. W. Peck, Augustus Parker and Guy C. Hotchkiss were 
appointed a committee to. build a new church, which was completed 
during the ministry of Reverend J. B. Merwin, who preached the 
first sermon in the basement of the new building, June 20th, 1852. 
On the 4th of August following the church was dedicated. In 1869 the 
property was repaired, and in 1876 a pipe organ was supplied. In 1887 
the church property was thoroughly improved, at an outlay of $2,895, 
$1,000 of which was contributed by Mi.ss Caroline Warner. The 
church was reopened in October, 1887, in the ministry of Reverend C. 
W. Fordham. 

In 1877 Abigail Tyler bequeathed $10,000 to the church, and L.W. 
Peck was appointed agent of the same. He deceased in 1878, and 
upon the death of his widow in 1882, the society was willed their resi- 
dence as a pai'sonage. This property and the church building have 
been improved in the past few years under the direction of the pastor, 
Reverend Arthur McNicholl, assigned to this circuit in April, 1889. 
The chiirch is now prosperous and is again increasing in numbers and 
influence. 

The Westville Congregational Church was organized December 
25th, 1832. The constituent members were 32, nearly all of whom 
had been dismissed from New Haven churches for this purpose. 
Among the prominent members were Isaac Dickerman, for forty years 
a deacon; Henry A. Murray, who was later elected a deacon, serving 
from 1850 until 1865; Silas Hotchkiss, who donated the lot on which 
the meeting house was built; Elias Bradley, Clement Goodel, Solomon 
Parker, Silas Ford, Frederick Hotchkiss and Miles Bradley. Enos 
Sperry and Sherman Warner, though not members of the church, 
were helpful in building the first house of worship. This was dedicated 



200 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

January 21st. 1836. and was a part of the present ediflce, which was 
enlarged in ISSD, and subsequently, during the ministry of Reverend 
J. L. Willard, which began October 18th, 185o, and still continues. 
Until ISnf) the Honre Missionary Society supported the church, but 
since that time it has been self-sustaining. 

The Reverend John E. Bra}' was the first minister of the church, 
serving from September, 1882, for two years, when, for nearly eight 
years, owing to the poverty of the society, the pulpit was supplied. 
In April, 1842, Judson A. Root was installed as the pastor, and served 
until September, 1846. Again, for more than three years, the pulpit 
was supplied, when, December 6th, 1840, Reverend S. H. Elliott was 
installed, and remained in the pastorate until jNIay, 1855. 

Under the pastorate of Reverend J. L. Willard the church has 
prospered materially and spiritually, having 28.") members. His min- 
istry here is among the longest continued in the county. 

St. James' Church (Protestant Episcopal), of Westville, was organ- 
ized in 183.'). A meeting to organize an Episcopal church was held 
January 20th of that year, 25 persons having united in a call for that 
purpose. Newell Johnson and Andrew M. Babcock were elected war- 
dens, and Philo Betts clerk. There being- no house of worship in 
Westville services were now held in a room in Colonel Pendleton's 
tavern and in the upper room of the school house. But after much 
effort a church was begun, whose corner stone was laid June 21st, 1887. 
The church, however, was not completed for consecration until Sep- 
tember 17th, 1889. Its cost was $4,000. In 186.") this edifice was 
remodelled under the supervision of Donald G. Mitchell, at an outlay 
of about $2,500. A rectory, built in 1858, was remodelled in 1868, at a 
cost of $1,580. The property is nicely located and appears attractive. 
It was for many years burdened with a debt, which was fully extin- 
guished in July, 1881. Mrs. Ann M. Mix gave $1,200 toward this 
object. In 1882 a new organ was supplied, at an outlay of $600, and a 
fine chancel window was placed in the church in 1885. 

The formation of this parish was encouraged by Trinity parish of 
New Haven, where many of the families formerly belonged. In 1837. 
under the ministry of Reverend vStephen Jewett, there were 55 com- 
municant members; in 1890 the number was 184. 

The church has had the services of 22 clergymen, the minister in 
charge .since 1888 being Reverend Charles O. Scoville. E. M. Hotch- 
kiss and William Bishop are the present wardens. 

St. Joseph's Church (Roman Catholic), at Westville, sustains a mi.'-- 
sion relation to vSt. John's church, of New Haven. It was built in 1872, 
and has 250 sittings. Recent repairs have made it attractive. About 
80 families worship in it statedly. The Reverend B. W. Bray has 
pastoral supervision. Daniel Doyle and Thomas CuUen are trus- 
tees. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 201 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

Noah Webster, LL. D., the great American lexicographer, died 
at his home in New Haven Ma}' 28th, 1843. He was born in the town 
of Hartford October 16th, 1758, and was a lineal descendant in the fifth 
generation of John Webster, one of the fir.st settlers of Hartford. His 
mother was a descendant of William Bradford, the second governor of 
Plymouth colony. His father was a farmer in poor circumstances, but 
favored his son in his efforts to obtain a higher education. He com- 
menced the study of the classics m 1772, having as his instructor the 
clergyman of his parish, and two years later entered Yale College, 
from which he graduated in 1778, having served meantime, in his 
father's company, as a soldier in the revolution. Among his cla.ss- 
mateswere a number of young men who also attained great distinction, 
as Joel Barlow, Oliver Wolcott, Zephaniah Swift, etc. Being thrown 
upon his own resources after leaving college, he supported himself by 
teaching school, preparing himself at the same time for the practice of 
law. He was admitted to the bar in 1781, but found little encourage- 
ment to locate in that profession, and again resumed his work as a 
teacher, and at the same time undertook an employment which gave 
a complexion to his whole future life. This was the compilation of 
books for the instruction of youth in schools. After submitting his 
plans to various educators and receiving their approval of the same, he 
revised what he had written, and in 1783 published at Hartford his 
" Elementary Spelling Book," which was the first work of that kind in 
this country. This was gradually introduced, and before many years 
its use became very general, so that in the past hundred years more 
than 50,000,000 copies have been circulated. Its almost universal use 
has been the means, more than any other cause, of producing a re- 
markable uniformity of pronunciation in our country. 

In the spring of 1798 Noah Webster removed to New Haven, after 
having lived meantime in Philadelphia, New York and other places 
as teacher, author, editor and lecturer, achieving, for those times, con- 
siderable success in those occupations. He now devoted himself al- 
most wholly to literary work, and in 1806 published his "Compendi- 
ous Dictionary of the English Language." The favorable reception 
given it encouraged him to begin, in 1807, the compilation of his 
"American Dictionary of the English Language," which was made the 
basis for future revisions, and which has inseparably connected his 
name with this greatest of American reference books. For twenty 
years he labored incessantly upon this volume, which was first pub- 
lished in 1828. Finding his resources, which were almost wholly de- 
rived from the royalty of the sale of his spelling book, inadequate to 
support his family at New Haven, he removed in 1812 to Amherst, 
Mass., where he lived about ten years. In that period, with character- 
istic enterprise, he helped to found Amherst College, which became 
one of the best of the minor institutions of learning in all New Eng- 



202 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

land. In 1822 he became a permanent resident of New Haven, living; 
thenceforth until his death at the corner of Temple and Grove streets. 
This house is still pointed out to strangers as one of the historic places 
of the city, and having for so many years been the home of this great 
literary man, richly deserves the distinction given it. During the 
spring of 1843 he revised the appendix to his dictionary, adding sev- 
eral hundred new words. He completed the printing of it in May, a 
few weeks before his death, and this, fittingly, was the closing act of 

his life. 

Noah Porter, D.D., LL. D., the eleventh president of \ale Col- 
lege, and after his resignation Clark Professor of Moral Philosophy 
and Metaphysics, died at New Haven, March 4th, 1892. For many 
years he was one of the most eminent as well as one of the most ven- 
erated of the Congregational ministers of Connecticut. He was born 
in Farmington December 14th, 1811, and graduated from Yale in 1831. 
He was for several years master of the Hopkins Grammar School, in 
Boston, and was a tutor in the college. From 1837 to 1843 he served 
pastorates in New Milford, Concord and Springfield, Mass. In the lat- 
ter year he was appointed Clark Professor of Metaphysics and Moral 
Philosophy at Yale, and while occupying this chair issued his first im- 
portant work, " The Human Intellect, with an Introduction Upon 
Psychology and the Soul." A more elaborate task was the editing of 
the revision of " Webster's American Dictionary of the English Lan- 
guage," published in 1847. His last important work in this latter line 
was'the preparation and issue of a new " International Dictionary." 

In 1871 Doctor Porter succeeded Theodore D. Woolsey as president 
of Yale College, which position he held until his resignation in 1886. 
During Doctor Porter's administration the progress of the college was 
marked. Some of its finest buildings were erected during this time, 
including the Art School, the Peabody Museum, the new Theological 
Halls, the Sloane Physical Laboratory, the Battell Chapel and one of 
the largest dormitories. 

As an instructor, and in his personal relations with the students. 
Doctor Porter was very popular. He was the last man to hold the 
presidency and a profes.sor's chair at the same time. His degree of 
D. D. came from the University of New York in 1858, and that of 
LL. D. from the Edinburgh University in 1886. The latter degree 
also came to him from Reserve College in 1870 and from Trinity Col- 
lege in 1871. 

He was .succeeded m the presidency by Professor Timothy Dwight, 
a grand.son of Doctor Timothy Dwight, who was president of the col- 
lege from 1795 to 1817. The latter was the eighth president of the 
college, and his administration marked a new era in its affairs, chang- 
ing it from a collegiate institute to a college proper and clearing the 
way for a transition into a university. The elder Timothy Dwight 
possessed an extraordinary range of information, which permitted him 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 203 

to clearly comprehend the possibilities of the modern institution of 
learning. He was also an excellent judg-e of men and their fitness for 
the performance of specific work, which enabled him to make a judi- 
cious selection of a faculty as his co-laborers, who assisted him in giv- 
ing the college an importance and character it had never before en- 
joyed. Three of the young men thus selected, who were for more 
than half a century associated with one another in the service of Yale, 
were Jeremiah Day, Benjamin Silliman and James L. Kingsley. A 
part of Doctor Dwight's plans for the elevation of Yale was the estab- 
lishment of schools, with separate faculties, in which should be im- 
parted instruction in medicine, theology and law, and several of these 
purposes had a favorable beginning in his presidency. His labors in the 
interest of the college were so arduous (Reverend Doctor Sprague said: 
" He continued through his whole presidential life to discharge the 
appropriate duties of four distinct offices, each of which might have 
furnished ample employment for an individual") that his health failed 
m 1816, and the di.sease which then took hold of him terminated fa- 
tally January 11th, 1817, when he was not yet 65 years old and while 
he was still in the maturity of his powers. Through his character and 
influence the tendency of the college toward materialism and infidel- 
ity was changed, and it was brought into a position which it has since 
held as one of the strongest bulwarks of Christianity in the land. 
Through his powerful arguments infidelity was vanquished and the 
truth of the Bible was fully substantia'ted; and that influence has per- 
vaded the life of the institution ever since, reflecting a luster of glory 
upon his honored name. 

About a month after the death of Doctor Dwight, Reverend Jere- 
miah Day was elected as his successor, and he was the president from 
1817 until 1846, when at the age of 73 years he tendered his resigna- 
tion. He had conferred degrees upon 30 successive classes, and his con- 
nection with the college was in the fullest sense useful and beneficial; 
and it has been said that at no time was the college more flourishing 
than under the administration of President Day. He survived the 
close of this splendid career many years, departing this life August 
22d, 1867, at the advanced age of more than 94 years. He graduated 
from Yale in 1795, and returned to it in 1803 as a teacher, serving it 
therefore 43 years. In this period the projected plans of Doctor 
Dwight were fully carried out, the divinity school being added to those 
of medicine and law already fully established. The library was pro- 
vided with its first attractive and comfortable home, and a degree of 
literary activity was awakened which resulted in the publication of 
college periodicals, one of which, the Literary Magazine, has been con- 
tinued since 1836. 

The successor of Doctor Day and the predecessor of Doctor Porter 
was Doctor Theodore Dwight Woolsey, the president from 1846 until 
1871. His administration was progressive and energetic, and in this 



204 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



period of time the college was placed upon a better basis th^n before. 
The departments already established were enlarged, and m 1847 the 
new department of philosophy and the arts was created, and build- 
inas erected and equipped for its use, through the liberality of Joseph 
E "Sheifield and Augustus R. Street. He also succeeded m awakening 
the interest of the alumni in university matters, and their support and 
cooperation have been very helpful ever since. In 1871 proper recog- 
nition of this service was given by a change in the charter of the in- 
stitution which provides for the election of six graduates as members 
of Yale corporation, one to be elected yearly, and each to serve six 
years This provision has been the means of securing the active in- 
terest of some of the most eminent men of the country, and their warm 
alleo-iance has given the university claims upon the public patronage 
which might otherwise have been denied. Hence the university has 
in late years prospered greatly, and it has attained a position of su- 
premacy disputed only by Harvard. How much of this condition has 
been the result of the labors and influence of the foregoing and the 
present president time alone can fully tell. But certain it is. judging 
from the immediate effects attending each administration, that \ ale 
has indeed been fortunate in the selection of its presidents m the past 
100 vears, and that their zeal and devotion were at least the great in- 
spirino- causes which brought about these desirable changes. All 
honor to them, and may their names and worth ever remain embalmed 
in the memory of every friend of learning and advocate of higher 

education. . , 

Luzon Burritt Morris was born at Newtown, Conn., Aprii ibtn, 
1827 In his early life he suffered the privations incident to the life 
of a family in humble circumstances, and with much difficulty ob- 
tained his education. But toiling and persevering against many ob- 
stacles, he was enabled to prepare tor college in the ^o'^^^cticut Lit- 
erary Institution, at Suffield, and entering Yale he graduated in 1854. 
He now turned his attention to the profession of law and m 1856 was 
admitted to the bar. After practicing a short time in the town of Sey- 
mour he removed to New Haven, where he has since held a most 
prominent place in the legal profession. He has been entrusted with 
many important interests, all of which he discharged with great fidel- 
ity. As the agent of Daniel Hand, the Guilford millionaire, recently 
deceased, he disbursed large sums of money, much of it in the direc- 
tion of charity and pure benevolence. His probity and faithfulness 
in many other trusts, whether in the care of public or private affairs, 
have caused him to become greatly esteemed and he has frequently been 
called to serve in public capacities. He was judge of the New Haven 
probate court from 18.-)7 to 1863, represented Seymour in the general 
as.sembly two terms, and New Haven half a dozen terms in the same 
body and one term in the state .senate. In both these houses he was 
very influential and held some of the most important committee posi- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 205 

tions. The action recommended bears the stamp of his careful train- 
ing and indicates the judicial cast of his mind; and the laws enacted 
have well served the purpose for which they were designed. 

The eminence and force of character of Judge L. B. Morris fitly 
suggested him as the leader of the democracy in the gubernatorial 
campaign of 1890. In that hotly contested struggle his ability and 
honesty were conceded by men of all shades of belief and many voted 
for him regardless of former political affiliations out of their admira- 
tion for his sterling character, notwithstanding his competitors were 
also popular and most deserving citizens. He received 67,658 votes 
against 67,597 for all others, including 100 disputed ballots. He was 
apparently the choice of the people of the state, but by the terms of 
the constitution, which should long since have been changed, he failed 
to secure a title to the office, but is honored none the less bv all true 
citizens of this commonwealth, as a truly representative man. 

General Samuel E. Merwin, the chief competitor of Judge Morris 
for the office of governor, receiving 63,975 votes, is also an honored 
citizen of New Haven. He was born in the town of Brookfield, Aug- 
ust 23d, 1830, and is a lineal descendant of Miles Merwin, one of the 
early prominent settlers of Milford, whose name is still perpetuated 
in Merwin's Point, in the southwestern part of the sound coast of the 
county. He was educated in the schools of his native town, and after 
his removal to New Haven, when he was 16 years old, under private 
instructions. In 1850 he became associated with his father, also named 
Samuel E. Merwin, in the wholesale business of a pork packer, which 
avocation he has followed with success about two score of years. In 
addition to this pursuit he has been most active in other affairs and 
has been charged with a variety of private and public trusts, in the 
discharge of which his faithfulness and integrity have never been ques- 
tioned. He has been intere.sted in the management of several mone- 
tary institutions and has been on the board of a number of public and 
charitable institutions, where his business skill has been of much ser- 
vice. Always active as a republican, his voice has frequently been 
heard in the councils of his party, and he served as senator from the 
Fourth senatorial district. He has also been the republican nominee 
for mayor of New Haven and congressman of this district. His mili- 
tary service has been active and highly creditable. For some years 
he was the captain of the New Haven Grays, and after filling other 
military offices in the state, served three years under Governor Jewell 
as the adjutant general of Connecticut and rendered most efficient and 
valuable service in the late civil war, at home, in New York during 
the draft riots and promptly volunteered to go to Gettysburg to repel 
the rebel invasion of Pennsylvania. General Merwin is liberal and 
public-spirited and on account of his interest in the welfare of his 
adopted city is deservedly popular and is highly esteemed. 



206 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

William E. Downes, of New Haven, was born in the town of 
Milford, Conn., August 22d, 1824, and was the third son of Horatio and 
Nancy Downes. His paternal grandfather, John Downes, was a soldier 
in the war of the revolution, and a very interesting relic m the shape 
of a diary, kept bv him from 1764 to 1810, is now in the possession of 
the family. It contains, with a very few exceptions, an entry for every 
day during that long period. Through his grandmother, Hannah 
Stone the subject of this sketch is in direct line of descent from the 
Reverend Samuel Stone and the Reverend Thomas Hooker, of Hart- 
ford Among her ancestors his mother numbered Governor Robert 
Treat the Reverend Samuel Andrews, of Milford, for some years 
rector of Yale college, and Edmund Tapp, one of the first settlers, and 
one of the first five judges of Milford. His father had much of the 
Puritan in his character and aspect, with a brave, warm heart beneath 
it all- while his mother, of a quiet, gentle nature, was withal so loving 
and self-sacrificing as to give added worth even to the name of mother 
As a boy Mr. Downes attended the district school m Milford, and 
afterward completed his studies preparatory to entering college, with 
the Reverend A. M. Train, of Milford. He entered Yale College m 
1841. His first greeting came from Professor Thatcher, and so cor- 
dial and timelv was it that it has never been forgotten. The vigorous 
insistance afterward on proper Latin accents seemed at times'at vari- 
ance with the earlier impressions, but was so kindly meant it has long 
since been forgiven. After three years of hard study, and one of 
pleasant memory. Mr. Downes. with 73 others, was graduated, James 
G. Gould, a fine scholar and most gifted man, being the valedictorian. 
Havino- chosen the legal profession as his life work, Mr. Downes re- 
cited for one year to the Hon. Alfred Blackman, of New Haven, now 
deceased, a kind friend to the student then, and beloved ever after 
He then entered the Yale Law School, and after the usual course of 
study was admitted to the bar of the state of Connecticut m 1848. In 
December of that year he opened an office in Birmingham. Conn., and 
began the practice of his profession. 

In 1851 he was married to Miss Jane M. Howe, only child of Doctor 
John I. Howe, then of Birmingham. Doctor Howe began a successful 
career as resident physician in Bellevue Hospital, New York, but be- 
coming interested in the manufacture of pins, came to Birmingham to 
look after his interests in the corporation now known as the Howe 
Manufacturing Company, of Birmingham, Conn. He was a man of 
rare ability and attainments, and is widely known as the inventor of 
of the first practical automatic pin machine. 

Mr Downes continued in the practice of his profession until 1863, 
when he relinquished it, and succeeded Doctor Howe in the manage- 
ment of the business of the Howe Manufacturing Company. As a 
lawyer he crained and kept the confidence, respect and esteem of the 
community in which he lived, as well as that of his brethren at the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 207 

bar. His business si:rely and steadily increased as his worth and 
ability became known, and when he relinquished his practice it was a 
source of sincere regret to a numerous clientage. He remained in the 
active management of the Howe Manufacturing Company until 1875, 
when the burden of the work was turned over to other hands. 

Since that time Mr. Downes has not been actively engaged in busi- 
ness, but in the management of his own affairs, and in the perform- 
ance of the duties of the many positions of trust and responsibility 
which he has filled and now fills, he assuredly has not been an idle 
man. He has been for the past seven years, and now is, president of 
the Derby Savings Bank. He is a director and member of the execu- 
tive committee of the Ousatonic Water Company, and a director and 
valued counsellor and adviser in many other corporations in Derby and 
elsewhere. With the Ousaton-ic Water Company he has been promi- 
nently identified from the beginning, having been employed as one 
of the counsel to obtain a charter for the company from the legisla- 
ture of Connecticut. 

He has been elected three times as a representative of the town of 
Derby in the legislature of his state; the first time in 1855, the second 
in 1882, and the third in 1883. He took a prominent part in the estab- 
lishment of the " Board of Pardons," and was chiefly instrumental in 
procuring the passage of the " Act Concerning Insane Persons," in the 
year 1889, and he modestly says that such satisfaction as he has de- 
rived from his legislative experience arises from his connection with 
these two acts. For several years Mr. Downes, at some self-sacrifice, 
filled the office of justice of the peace in the town of Derby. This 
would hardly be worthy of mention here but for the fact that to the 
performance of the duties pertaining to this humble magistracy he 
brought such rare good sense, ability and impartiality, as to make his 
incumbency memorable. 

In the year 1887 Mr. Downes, with his family, removed from Bir- 
mingham to New Haven, where he now resides. The children of 
Mr. and Mrs. Downes are: Mrs. Helen G. Atwater, of Birmingham, 
Conn.; William Howe Downes, of Boston, Mass., and Mrs. Catherine 
J. Whiting and John I. H. Downes, of New Haven. 

Mr. Downes is possessed of certain qualitiesrarely found, asin him, 
in harmonious combination. While a lover of books, and of reading, 
and with the instincts and tastes of a scholar, he is at the same time a 
practical man of affairs, with an aptitude for business born of a thor- 
ough legal and business training, and of a large and varied experience. 
In the many corporations with which he is connected, his opinion car- 
ries much weight, and his counsel is rarely disregarded. While mod- 
est and retiring in disposition, and willing to yield to the judgment of 
others in matters of minor importance, he is steadfast in matters of 
principle and loyal to his convictions at all times, without regard to 
consequences. His conclusions are generally reached onlj' after ma- 





'/TT^^yT'^L-,-^ 



208 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



ture reflection and although they are held ^vith firmness, the firmness 
never degenerates into obstinacy. He has an instmct for justice, and 
a sense oi honor nhat feels a stain Hke a wound." Hus keen percep- 
tion of the humorous side of human nature and conduct, coupled %Mth 
a genial, kindly disposition, make him a delightful companion, and 
relieve the '•prosmess" of many a business meeting. 

In politics Mr. Downes has generally acted with the republican 
party, but he never hesitates to sink his allegiance to party in the 
higher allegiance to whatever is for the best interests of his country. 
or of the community in which he lives. . ■ , ^ 

Mr Downes is a member of the Congregational denomination, but 
with him religion is an unfolding life rather than a creed. 

Simple in his tastes and unostentatious in his manner of life, he 
finds his chief enjoyment in a pleasant circle of friends and compan- 
ions and amidst his own family, to whom he has always been devot- 
edly attached. , . , 

Di'-XTER R WrIwHT, who was in his day one of the best known 
and most honored men of the county, was born at Windsor, Vermont, 
Tune 27th, 1821, and died at New Haven July 23d, 1886. He was edu- 
cated at the Wesleyan University, at Middletown, from which he grad- 
uated in 1845, having as classmates men who became eminent in all 
the learned profe.ssions. In the year Mr. Wright graduated he became 
the principal of the Meriden Academy, serving m that capacity not 
quite two years. In 1846 he began the study of law in the office of E. 
K Fester of New Haven, and in 1848 he graduated from the law de- 
partment of Yale, locating that year at Meriden to follow his profes- 
sion in which, in later years, he became so eminent. In 1849 he at- 
tained his first political distinction, being elected to the state senate 
from the Sixth .senatorial district; but becoming imbuded with the 
spirit of the "Argonauts" he relinquished these honors and went to 
California, where he spent two years, much of the time practicing in 
the territorial courts and helping to shape the destiny of the future 
state In 1851 he returned to Meriden, where for eleven years he was 
one of the leading attorneys of the bar of that town, in whose material 
development he was also warmly interested. 

The civil war received not only his support as one of the mo.st elo- 
quent speakers in the .state, but in 1862 he himself enlisted and was 
commissioned lieutenant colonel of the 14th Regiment, and later was 
made the colonel of the \:Ah Regiment. In Augu.st, 1862, he went 
with his men to the front and was with his command at the battle of 
Fredericksburg December T.Uh, 1862. Failing health compelled him 
to leave the .service in 1863, but at home and elsewhere he labored un- 
ceasingly until the nationality of the union of states was acknowledged 

supreme. 

After the war Colonel Wright removed to New Haven, where he 
established a law practice which made him one of the most influential 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 209 

members of the bar. He was also called to serve in official capacities 
and. was the speaker of the Connecticut house of representatives in 
1879. This office he filled with distinguished ability and with so much 
courtesy that he evoked the admiration of all parties. Although so 
unremitting in his attention to his profession, Colonel Wright was 
such an intelligent student and so assiduous in his application to the 
mastery of any subject, that he acquired a wide range of knowledge 
in literature and science, until he was one of the best informed men 
in the county. He had become so familiar with medical studies that 
the honorary degree of M. D. was given him by a medical college, as 
a recognition of that knowledge, and degrees were bestowed on him by 
other institutions of learning, among them being those of master of 
arts from Wesleyan University and A. M., Causa Ho>wris, from Trinity 
College, of Hartford. 

Henry Baldwin Harrison, governor of the state of Connecticut 
from 1885 to 1887, was born in the city of New Haven September 11th, 
1821, and received his elementary education in the famous Lancaste- 
rian school of John E. Lovell, whose assistant he was for several years. 
Entering Yale, he graduated at the head of the class of 1846, and then 
began the study of law and its practice with Lucius G. Peck, Esq. 
Mr. Harrison allied himself with the fortunes of the whig party, which 
elected him state senator in 1854, and from that time he has been 
more or less active in political matters, as he subsequently became an 
ardent republican, and was called a number of times to lead the forces 
of that party. He served his town with distinction and usefulness in 
the state legislature, and after being once defeated for governor was 
elected and was the governor two years, very creditably filling that 
office. His ability as an attorney gave him a reputation not excelled 
by any other in the state, and his fairness, smcerity and unimpeacha- 
ble honesty, whether in politics or m business, secured for him great 
esteem. In public and private affairs he has been progres.sive, always 
aiding where it would promote the greatest good. Since 1872 he has 
been a member of the corporation of Yale College, in whose welfare he 
has always taken a warm interest. In addition to Governor HarrLson, 
three more of New Haven's attorneys have filled that office: Roger S.' 
Balwin. 1844-6; Henry Button, 1854-6; and Charles R. Ingersoll 
1873-7. 

Roger Sherman Baldwin was born in New Haven, January 4th, 
1793, and was the second son of Judge Simeon Baldwin. He grad- 
uated from Yale College m 1811, was admitted to the bar in 1814, and 
practiced law until his death, February 19th. 1863, except when en- 
gaged in public capacities. His reputation as a lawyer was not con- 
fined to the limits of his state, and he was for many years one of the 
best known men in Connecticut. He was early a pronounced anti- 
slavery man, and when occasion offered, ably defended the cause of 
the oppressed Africans. After serving two years as governor he was 



210 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

elected United States senator, in 1847, serving a term in that body. In 
1860 he was a Lincoln presidential elector, and one of his last public 
actions was his service on the •' Peace Congress," in 18C1. He was a 
man of very earnest convictions, and everywhere devoted his great 
powers to to the cause of truth and humanity, being thus a most valu- 
able citizen. „ K.„o,-,, 

Henry Button, LL. D., was born in Plymouth, Conn., Febiuar> 
12th 1796, and died at New Haven, April 26th, 1869. In 1818 he grad- 
uated from Yale, where he became a tutor in 1821 After teaching m 
the college two years he commenced to practice law at Newtown 
where he remained until 1837, then removed to Bridgeport. Inl847 
he was appointed professor of law at Yale, and then took up his resi- 
dence at New Haven. He served in both houses of the general as- 
sembly of the state, and filled the office of governor one term, in 
1861 he was elected judge of the supreme court of errors, and served 
until 1866, when he was unfitted by the constitutional limit of age tor 
lon-er service. He had a keen, discriminating intellect, and was an 
able and sound expounder of the law. In all his life he was pure and 
upright, and was highly esteemed by all who knew mm. 

Charles Roberts Ingersoi.i. was born in New Haven, September 
16th, 1821, and is a .son of Ralph I. Ingersoll. He was educated at the 
Hopkins Grammar School and at Yale, graduating m 1840. In 1845 
he was admitted to the bar of New Haven county, and has been a aw- 
ver ever since. He represented New Haven in the state legislature 
four terms In 1873 he was elected bv the democrats as the governor, 
and was reelected, serving until January, 1877. He declined a re- 
nomination, although strongly urged to again allow the suffrage of 
the state to be cast for him. He is able and popular m public and 

private life. _ ■ 4.1 ^„ ^f 

Tames Mulford Townsend, New Haven. Conn., is the son ot 
William Kneeland and Eliza Ann (Mulford) Townsend. and was born 
in New Haven, January 20th, 1825, and is seventh in descent from 
Thomas Townsend, or Townshend, who settled m Lynn, Mas.s in 
1683 He descended from good revolutionary stock, his grandtather, 
Isaac Townsend, having enlisted at the age of 16 years, and .served 
until the close of the war for independence. 

On the east side of New Haven harbor runs north and south for a 
considerable distance a ridge of elevated land, sloping down westward 
to the water's edge. It is called " Bay Ridge.'' There are beautiful 
and picturesque landscapes along its western sides, and one ot he 
most beautiful of these is situated about three miles southeast of he 
New Haven Green, on Townsend avenue. Here is " Raynham tne 
estate of the late William Kneeland Townsend. and the family home 
of his .sons. Here reside James M. and George H. Townsend, the 
second and third sons of the family, who are living on the land their 
ancestors bought of the Indians, in addition to the original grant to 
their ancestors made over 200 years ago. 



HISTOKY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY, 211 

" Raynham " is an imported name. It is in England the ancient 
family seat of the Townsends, and comprises 22,000 acres. The old 
moated Hall, located in the park, near the church by the river side, 
and builded of Roman brick, A. D., 1200, is a picturesque ruin. The 
family mansion is in the center of the 22,000 acres, and on either side 
of the same is a lawn of 400 acres. It was builded by Sir Roger Towns- 
hend, the Puritan baronet, early in the seventeenth century (1630). 
Sir Roger died January 1st, 1637, aged 41 years. 

" Raynham " in England had at that date been the residence of the 
Townsend surname nearly 400 years, for as early as February 16th, 
1466, a Townsend will directs that the body of the testator be buried 
in "the church of St. Mary's, Raynham." But the present mansion, 
which has sheltered so many generations .since, was builded by Sir 
Roger Townshend, the Puritan baronet, in 1630. When in England 
in 1891, the subject of this sketch, together with his grandson, Winston 
Trowbridge Townsend, visited the old family mansion at " Raynham " 
upon invitation of the present owner (the most Noble The Marquis 
Townsend, whom Mr. Townsend met in Paris, and received from the 
Marquis a most cordial reception). The parties in charge of Raynham 
Hall entertained Mr. Townsend and his grandson most hospitably, and 
upon leaving gave them a large hamper filled with most delicious hot 
house grapes (and other fruits), some of them lasting until their arrival 
home in New Haven, Conn., and on the day of sailing a basket of 
most beautiful flowers Mr. Townsend received from the Raynham Hall 
garden. 

In family loyalty the ancient name has been given to the beautiful 
estate, " Raynham," on the east side of the New Haven harbor. This 
" Raynham " was purchased by William Kneelaud Townsend, father 
of James M., from his father and uncle some years before retiring 
from mercantile pursuits in 1830. It was part of the original grant of 
the New Haven colony to William Tuttle, the maternal ancestor of 
his wife. At the same time it included land purchased from the In- 
dians. There William K. Townsend passed the remainder of his life, 
occupying his time in scientific agriculture, and bringing up his family 
in enterprising American fashion. 

When the school days of James M. were over, he became clerk in 
an importing house in New York. Then for three years he carried 
on the clothing trade in New Haven, the firm being Knevals, Hull, 
Townsend & Maltby. But retiring from mercantile life, he became 
secretary and treasurer, and afterward president of the City Savings 
Bank of New Haven. He has served in several prominent financial 
positions besides. He has been a director of the Quinnipiac (now 
Yale National) Bank, and also for 16 years a director of the New 
Haven Bank, in which his father, grandfather and great-grandfather 
served as directors. He has also been director, vice-president and 
president of the Shore Line Railroad Company, a director of the 



212 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

New Haven & Derby Railroad Company, a director of the New Haven 
Clock Company, and also a director and treasurer of the Gettysburg- 
Railroad Company, Pennsylvania, besides being a life director of a 
number of public societies of New Haven, executor and trustee of 
large estates in Connecticut and western states, also director in rail- 
road and other corporations in other states. 

These meager outlines of business relations are only .suggestive of 
many others, and of Mr. Townsend's prominence in the financial 
world. The positions of trust he has refused far outnumber those he 
has accepted. In all these relations he exhibited untarnished honesty 
-and integrity, adorned by careful attention to business trusts. There 
is one enterprise of his business life which cannot be passed over 
without a more particular notice. It concerns the development of the 
petroleum industry in this country- (See Atwater's " History of the 
City of New Haven," McCarthy's '• History of Petroleum," and Pro- 
fessor I. L. Newburry, LL. D., of Columbia College, New York, article 
in Harper's Magazine for October, 1890). The presence of '• rock oil " 
in the earth has been known for a very long period, but how to obtain 
it in large quantities so as to make it a commercial product was a 
puzzle to both capital and labor waiting for employment. The Penn. 
Rock Oil Company had been organized in 1856, and had purchased 
some 1,200 acres of land, together with a leasehold right to all the 
rights and values lying below the surface of the ground on the prop- 
■er'ty adjoining the purchase, if evidence of oil should appear there, 
■or upon which it was suppo.sed oil could be found, which lease ex- 
tended to a large area of Oil creek. Mr. James M. Townsend, of New 
Haven, was one of the chief stockholders. It was the company's 
policy to sublet rights to lessees for working on the oil district, and to 
receive a royalty on the product. But m October, 1857, a le.ssee m 
New York discovered what he regarded as a serious defect in the 
title by which the Penn. Rock Oil Company held its Oil Creek property, 
and grasped at the discovery as an excuse for throwing up his lease. 
The prospects of the company became greatly clouded, but one man, 
Mr. Townsend, did not lose faith in ihe venture. 

Mr. E. L. Drake was at that time a conductor on the New York & 
New Haven railroad, and like Mr. Town.send, boarded at the Tontine 
Hotel in New Haven. Weary and sick, Mr. Drake inquired of Mr. 
Townsend what topics of special interest were filling his thoughts, 
-and conversation drifted to the condition in which the Penn. Rock 
•Oil Company found itself. As Mr. Drake needed recreation, since 
he was just recovering from a severe fever, Mr. Town.send pro- 
posed that he should go to the company's property in Pennsylvania, 
examine it, perfect the title, and report what he might find. Mr. 
Townsend furnished Mr. Drake with the essential equipment in 
money, and he visited the oil regions. He reported that the oil, pos- 
sessing medicinal properties confirmed by the Seneca Indians as a cure 




^* 



'^^^^^'if--^^^<^C£yU-'^^^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 213 

for rheumatism, could be collected in paying quantities, and sold by 
the bottle or the gallon. Upon the strength of this report, Mr. Town- 
send at once organized " The Seneca Oil Company," putting Mr. Drake 
forward in the organization in place of himself, and furnishing nearly 
all the capital. 

Immediately after the organization of the company the bulk of the 
stock, taken in Mr. Drake's name, was transferred to Mr. Town.send, 
who had furnished the money, and Mr. Drake was appointed manager 
on the field, voted a salary of $100 a month and entrusted with $1,000 
to proceed to Oil Creek and begin operations. But progress was slow 
and discouraging. It was proposed at last to bore a well after the 
manner of the salt wells of New York. The salt works at Syracuse, 
N. Y., were visited and a well borer secured, but the process of boring 
rock was slow in those days, and as the months passed by several of 
the stockholders lost faith in the plan of boring and fell out of the 
company. At last only two were left and Mr. Townsend, who was the 
principal capitalist and had been the most enthusiastic, was one 
of them. He sent forward as a last installment of money $500, with 
instructions to Mr. Drake that if he had not "struck oil" by the time 
the money reached him, to settle all bills, pack up and come home. 
But on the day before the money arrived — the memorable 29th of 
August, 1859 — the auger, now down 68 feet, fell through into the oil 
reservoir, and the oil flowed up to within a few feet of the surface. 
This was the opening of the great industry in "Rock Oil," which has 
since grown to such enormous proportions in the market quotations of 
the world. Mr. Townsend gave his brother, Captain Chas. H. Town- 
send (who commanded the steamships "Fulton" and "Ontarion" to 
Havre), a small bottle of the oil, which was probabh^ the first petroleum 
ever taken to Europe. Captain Townsend had an analysis made by a 
celebrated French chemist, who reported "the lubricating, illuminat- 
ing and other qualities are such if there is much of it in your country 
it will revolutionize the world." 

The I'^euaugo Spectator, published in the very heart of the oil cotin- 
try, says of ]\lr. Townsend: "Drake was in fact his foreman. It is no 
more than right that Mr. Townsend should have at least a full share 
of the honors of a pioneer in developing the great product which has 
revolutionized the world. If General Grant captured Vicksburg, Mr.. 
Townsend bored the first successful oil well in Venango county." 

But other phases of character in Mr. Townsend appear as conspicu- 
ous as the very honorable part he has borne in business, and a sketch 
of him would be very incomplete without a view of them. From boy- 
hood days he has been greatly interested in military organization and 
military movements. The peculiar manners of the military chieftain are 
natural to him and the liking for military life drew him into membership 
of the New Haven Grays, of which company he is now the living .senior 
captain. The "Grays" is a military organization dating from 1816- 



214 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

or the close of the war of 1812, and is proud of its history. Young 
Mr. Townsend entered with all ardor into the life of the company 
and when only 31 years of age, became captain. Though from fail- 
ing health he was obliged soon to retire from his position, his en- 
thusiasm remained at its height. Later he was again called to the 
captaincy and was always one of the most popular commanders. 

But the country was advancing to the war of the rebellion. Mr. 
Townsend deprecated the drift of events and favored at the begin- 
ning .some compromise that would save the slaughter of America's 
sons, but when the first gun of the rebels emptied its terrible charge 
upon Fort Stimter, all hesitancy and compromise as a policy to be 
followed passed out of his thoughts, and Mr. Townsend's ardor to 
vindicate the authority of the old flag kindled to a white heat. 
The "Grays"' went to the front, and Mr. Townsend out of his private 
purse did much for the equipment and comfort of the company in re- 
spects not provided by the government. 

He afterward visited the company on the battle field, gave each 
member a silver souvenir, on which the members had engraved oc- 
currence, name and date. Some of those given are preserved to this 
day and carried about in the "Gray's" pockets. When the first three 
months of service were over a new organization was decided upon, 
formed out of the "Grays," and Mr. Townsend was appealed to to al- 
low his name to be given to the company. It was named the "Town- 
send Rifles." The Union flag he presented to the company was the 
first of Its kind raised in Georgia after the rebellion began (see Neii' 
Novell PalladiKiii, May 8th, 1802), and it floated in the van in more than 
one victory. Mr. Town.send watched the fortunes of the "Rifles" with 
intense interest, was the patron of the "boys" on the field and of their 
families at home, adding constantly to the comfort of both and bear- 
ing a heavy load from his private funds. He showed his fondness for 
the "Rifles" by sending out monthly during the entire three years 
boxes filled with clothing, or other comforts, and the families of the 
soldiers had only to fill smaller boxes with their gifts and tokens of 
love and send them to him. They were enclosed in his larger boxes 
and went without any expense to the soldier or his family. Major 
General Eaton, of the commissary department of the army, had all 
confidence in Mr. Townsend that nothing contraband would be en- 
closed. Accordingly he directed that no box sent by him should be 
opened for inspection, and no box was opened, and not one of all those 
sent during the entire three years was lost. Never did .soldiers have 
a kinder, more thoughtful patron. 

He was also enthusiastic in recruiting the army from other sources. 
When volunteering began to lag and it was desired to fill up the quota 
of his town. East Haven, he offered every East Havener, who would 
enlist, five dollars, and on mu.ster-day paid the amount to the volun- 
teers. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 216 

Mr. Townsend was the warm personal friend of Governor W. A. 
Buckingham, and Governor Buckingham was accustomed to seek con- 
fidential counsel of him in the conduct of the affairs of state, when the 
war was at its height and much money to be paid for supplies, the 
soldiers and other things. Governor Buckingham appointed him pay- 
master general of the state of Connecticut, but owing to press of other 
business, Mr. Townsend declined the honorable position. 

When the "Townsend Rifles" came home he invited them to a ban- 
quet in the New Haven House. "The Connecticut War Record," 
speaking of the soldiers separating that night, .says: "Each paused 
and grasped the hand of their liberal patron with that deep and fer- 
vent gratitude which is best expressed by quivering lips and moistened 
eyes." The generous impulses of Mr. Townsend here displayed only 
make it seem natural that the poor and suffering have an excellent 
friend in him. Hence in both public and private ways he has during 
all his adult life helped the needy. The New Haven Hospital enrolls 
him as a life director. 

Mr. Townsend has denied to himself the political preferments 
which his neighborhood and his friends have desired to confer upon 
him, and it is not too much to .say that he has himself only to blame 
for not wearing the highest state honors. Besides the smaller trusts 
thrust upon him in town and city, he was secretary of the whig con- 
vention, in Baltimore, which nominated Mr. Fillmore for the presi- 
dency. He has frequently been delegate to state, congressional and 
national conventions. In his absence from the state he was nominated 
to the state senate, and although the majority in his district had been 
large against the party Mr. Townsend represented, he was tri- 
umphantly elected, running nearly one hundred ahead of his ticket in 
his own town of East Haven, and many were the felicitations. (See 
Neiu Haven Palladium, April 7th, 1864.) Mr. Townsend was appointed 
chairman of the military committee, and introduced the bill to the sen- 
ate formulating the present military law of the state of Connecticut, 
and with some subsequent amendments it is now the military law of 
the commonwealth. 

He declined a renomination to the senate, and also, later, when 
Marshall Jewell was elected governor, refused to be placed in nomi- 
nation for lieutenant-governor. And again, when urged to stand as a 
candidate for the governorship, refused to become the rival of a dear 
friend or to prejudice the chances of placing the name of Hon. (subse- 
quently Governor) Henry B. Harrison at the head of the party ticket 
(see New Haven Courier, December 10th, 1872). 

Mr. Townsend, like conspicuous members of the Townsend family, 
has been the warm friend of education. He has served on the board 
of education of the city of New Haven. In recognition of his efforts 
to improve the educational equipment of the school district in which 
he lives, his" neighbors in the same district presented him with a peti- 



216 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

tion signed by nearly every voter in the district, requesting him to 
allow the district school to be called in honor of him "The Townsend 
Public School," but with characteristic modesty he declined the com- 
pliment and honor. Mr. Townsend has been active in Sunday school 
work; while a resident of the city of New Haven he was a teacher in 
the First Congregational church, of which Reverend Leonard Bacon, 
D. D., was pastor (and of which church he is still a member). After 
his removal to "Raynham" (then in East Haven) he organized a Sunday 
school in the immediate neighborhood, of which for some years he 
was superintendent, the outcome of which Sunday school is now the 
flourishing East vSide Methodist Episcopal church, Reverend Doctor 
Smith, pastor. 

"The Townsend Prize Fund," amounting annually to one hundred 
dollars, was his gift to the Yale Law School, and is offered to the stu- 
dent who shall write and deliver the best English oration in the best 
manner on graduation day. 

His own pen also often graces pages of the New Haven press. His 
letters of foreign travel and on topics of antiquarian lore, or legend or 
narrative, are as pleasing as the intellectual eye which sees is bright. 
His proclivities for good learning are inherited by his sons, and 
have come to their ripe attainment in them. His eldest son, William 
Kneeland, is professor in the Yale Law School, called Edward J. 
Phelps Professor of " Contracts, Admiralty, Jurisprudence and Torts." 
His other son, James Mulford, Jr., an eminent lawyer of New York, 
and a winner of the Townsend prizes of the academical department 
of Yale, and of the De Forre.st " Gold Medal," awarded to that scholar 
of the senior class who shall write and pronounce an English oration 
in the best manner, and considered the highest honor in the Yale Uni- 
versity, is also lecturer in the Law School on the " Transfer of Mone- 
tary Securities." 

Mr. Townsend is eminently a public-spirited citizen. He is now a 
member of the Park Commission of the city of New Haven, an office 
he consented to hold if unattended by remuneration. It is his ambi- 
tion to secure for the city the most eligible and capacious lots for 
parks, and at the same time provide ample and economical means of 
conveyance, so that for a few cents any person can visit ample and 
beautiful public parks in the city along the water front. 

On September Lst, 1847, Mr. Townsend married Miss Maria Theresa 
Clark, of Middletown, Conn., a lady of very amiable niiture and of 
many accomplishments of mind and heart. The family life was a 
close resemblance to ideal perfectncss, but she died April K>th, 1884. 
The two .sons already referred to were born to them— William Knee- 
land and James Mulford, Jr. 

Mr. Town.send is now living quite free from all care at " Rayn- 
ham," or traveling as he shall choo.se, or visiting his .sons. Besides 
the welcome which love gives, his social qualities are so agreeable a.s 
to make him a favorite among all acquaintances. 



CHAPTER IV. 
THE TOWN OF EAST HAVEN. 



Location and Natural Feature;..— The Pioneer Settlers.— Civil Organization.— Bridget^, 
Ferries, Roads, Etc.— Industrial Pursuits.— East Haven Village.— Religious and 
Educational Matters.— Cemeteries.— Military Affairs.— Biographical Sketches. 

THE original town of Ea.st Haven, as set off from New Haven, in 
1785, was about six miles long and three miles wide, and was 
boitnded north by North Haven, east by Branford, south bj' 
Long Island sound, and west by New Haven, the Ouinnipiac river 
being the dividing line. Since the division, in 1881, the town retains 
its length, but is only a little more than half as wide, the New Haven 
line being moved east of the river to embrace the borough of Fair 
Haven East and contiguous territory. The old town embraced about 
9,0(10 acres of land. Along the coast and the lower parts of the streams 
the lands were low and in some places marshy, but have been drained 
to some extent. In other parts the soil is light and in some places 
sandy, but much of it is well suited for truck farming. Many parts 
of the town are covered with rocky ledges, and sandstone and granite 
for building purposes abound. In some parts green stone also exists, 
but has not been utilized on account of the poor quality. These 
formations are in the hills, which trend to the south, and have in 
some parts an altitude. so great that their surface is unfitted for cul- 
tivation. In the central jDart of the town one of the most distinct 
elevations was called "Fort Hill," the Indians having used it as a 
place of defense. The north part being used for burial purposes 
was called •' Grave Hill." For many years Indian skeletons were 
there found, some of them being of large size. Another place of 
burial was on the old Ferry road; and evidences of Indian villages 
could be seen many years after the .settlement of the whites, at South 
End and other parts of the town. It appears that the town was a 
favorite resort of the Indians, who came here statedly to procure a 
supply of sea food and fish in the fresh water streams. 

The principal body of water in the town is Saltonstall lake, for- 
merly called Furnace pond. It lies on the eastern border and is about 
three miles long and from 100 to 400 yards wide. Its waters are 
clear and very deep. High hills hem in the lake, narrowing it to a 
point at its outlet, which is but a small stream. The attractive sur- 



218 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

roundings have caused the lake to become a pleasure resort, and a 
steamboat has lately been placed on it for the accommodation of 
visitors. 

Stony creek or river is the longest stream. Its source is Pistapaug 
lake, in the northern part of North Branford, through which town it 
flows as the Farm river. Nearer its mouth it has a rocky bed, hence 
the name. Its supply of water is constant and it has some mill seats. 
The other streams of the town are small. The shore line and the 
Quinnipiac river afforded fishing privileges which were formerly very 
valuable. Large quantities of oysters were taken and their cultivation 
became an important industry. 

The first land purchased of the Indians by the projectors of the 
New Haven colony, November 2-lth, 1038, included a part of East 
Haven, for planting purposes. The second purchase, December 11th, 
1638 — a tract eight miles east of the Ouinnipiac, five miles west of 
that stream and ten miles north of the sound — of course included 
East Haven. The constitution of the colony was signed June 11th, 
1639, and soon thereafter, by 113 persons, many of whom ultimately 
settled m East Haven. Among the first signers were William 
Andrews, Jasper Crayne, Thomas Gregson, William Tuttle, John 
Potter, Matthew Moulthrop, Matthias Hitchcock, Edward Pattenson, 
Thomas Morris and John Thompson. 

Others were admitted to the colony, in the course of a few j'ears, 
who also located in the East Haven section, viz.: In 1644, Matthew 
Rowe, Ailing Ball, Edward Tooley, Thomas Robinson, Sr., Thomas 
Robin,son, Jr., William Holt, Thomas Barnes, Edward Hitchcock, 
Peter Mallory, Nicholas Augur; in 1648, Thomas Morris; in 1654, 
George Pardee, John Potter. Jr., Matthew Moulthrop; m 16.")7, John 
Davenport, Jr., Jonathan Tuthill, John Thompson: in 16.')S, John 
Chidsey (also spelled Ched.sey); in 1660, Thomas Tuttle and Nathaniel 
Boykim. 

The first divisions of lands made were within the town plot of New 
Haven and the home lots connected therewith, but the well located 
lands of East Haven early attracted the attention of the foregoing, 
who eagerly sought the privilege of settling on them. 

In 1639 Thomas Gregson petitioned for his second division at Soli- 
tary Cove,* but received no allotment until August 5th, 1644, when 
133 acres were assigned him. On this he .soon after settled his family, 
the first in East Haven. Gregson was one of the leading men of the 
colony, but .soon after met his death. In 1647, in company with others 
of the principal planters of New Haven, he sailed for England with 
Captain Lambertson, and was lost on his ill-fated vessel, it is supposed 
in a storm at sea. His widow, Jane, .survived him until 1702, when 
she died, 80 years old. In 1678 and in 1716 the above tract of land 
became the property of George Pardee and George Pardee. Jr. 

*Now called Morris Cove. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 219" 

In 1640 Reverend vSamuel Eaton had fifty acres granted in the first 
meadow toward Totoket, at which place lands were also given to Will- 
iam Tuttle, who settled at Stony River about 1645; to Jasper Crayne 
and Benjamin Lingo. The former had his house on the east side of 
the green, but in 1652 sold to Matthew Moulthrop and removed to 
Branford. All of Tuttle's five .sons also removed, except Joseph. 

In 1649 Reverend John Davenport, pastor of the New Haven 
church, had a farm of fiOO acres laid out for him at Dragon Point, to- 
which Ailing Ball moved as his farmer, in 1650, and for a hundred 
years the place was known as the Davenport farm. 

In 1662 John Potter received a grant of land on which to build a 
blacksmith shop, and near by he bought the house of John Tuttle. 
The same year Samuel Heminway was granted land where is now 
the village of East Haven. That year he was also married to Sarah 
Cooper. They reared a large family and descendants remain in the 
town. Thomas Barnes settled in the northern part of the town, on 
land south of Muddy river. 

In 1667 William Fowler, of jNIilford, sold some of his land at the 
cove and on the creek which still bears his name, to John Austin, 
The latter was in East Haven as early as 1673, and in 1679 obtained 
land at the Forge dam. He lived on the road west of the " green." 

The neck of land beyond Solitary cove was granted in 1651 to 
William Andrews, Richard Berkeley, Matthias Hitchcock, Edward 
Patterson and Edward Hitchcock. The Andrews land passed to the 
Dennisons before 1664; Patterson's passed to his sonin-law, Thomas 
Smith; and Berkeley's to John Thompson, who came as one of the 
first of the New Haven colony. The Hitchcocks retained their land. 
In 169() Sarah Hitchcock married Jacob Robinson. 

The Little Neck was bought in 1671 by Thomas Morris, a ship- 
builder of New Haven, who died in 1673. The cove in that part of 
the town took its name from him. 

Between Dragon point and the ferry lived, very early, Matthew 
Rowe, who came to New Haven about 1650; Ailing Ball, on the farm 
north of Davenport's, and Eleazer Morris on the hill east. 

In the locality called Foxon's Farms Tnamed for the Indian Saga- 
more, Foxon), the village of East Haven granted lands, in 1683, to 
Robert Dawson, Thomas Pinion and James Taitor, who were the first 
settlers in that part of the town. In the same locality were, later, 
Matthew Moulthrop, the third, Benjamin and Ashur Moulthrop and 
Samuel Thompson, Jr. Edward Rus.sell, Isaac and Samuel Chidsey 
were pioneers in the same neighborhood, but in a later period of 
time. 

On Stony river and where is now East Haven village there were, 
besides those already noted, John Cooper, who moved here from New 
Haven about 1655, as the agent of the iron works. Deacon John 
Chidsey, a tanner and a shoemaker, who signed the New Haven 



220 HISTORY Of~ XCW HAVEN COUNTY. 

colony constitution in 1644, settled here in 1681, having a house on 
the north side of the green, between John Potter and John Austin. 
Isaac Bradley came from Branford in 1674, and also lived near John 
Potter. Thomas Goodsell came from the same town in April, 1692, 
and soon after built the house which was long occupied by Azariah 
Bradley. 

William Luddington died at the Iron Works in 1662, but his sons, 
John and William, built houses in the village, and lived there, as also 
did Thomas Smith, Jr. Edward Tooley built south of Sergeant John 
Potter: Samuel Thompson's house was west of the meeting house; 
Thomas Robinson's was opposite; Captain John Russell was west of 
Mullen hill. Both he and his brother, Ralph, were employed at the 
Iron Works. The latter died in 1G79. 

Between the village and the river and northward lived Samuel 
Hotchkiss, Peter Mallory, Joseph Granniss and others of those before 
named. 

The descendants of some of these planters located in other parts, 
and in 1702 the following were taxed as living in the, at that time, 
village of East Haven: Joseph Abbott, David Austin, Joshua Austin, 
Captain Ailing Ball. Lsaac Bradley, Ebenezer Chidsey, Caleb Chidsey, 
Daniel Collins, James Dennison, Robert Dawson, Thomas Goodsell, 
Eliakim Hitchcock, Samuel Hitchcock, John Howe, Joseph Holt, 
Samuel Heminway, John Heminway, Widow Priscilla Thompson, 
Samuel Thompson, William Luddington, Henry Luddington, John 
Moulthrop, Samuel Moulthrop, Matthew Moulthrop, Eleazer Morris, 
Joseph Mallory, John Potter, Sr., John Potter, Jr., George Pardee, 
William Roberts, John Russell, Thomas Smith, Thomas Smith, Jr., 
John Thompson, John Luddington, Thomas Pinion, Joseph Granniss 
and William Bradley. In all there were 32 families and about 20(t 
persons. This was an increase of twelve families over ]()8!5, when the 
individuals numbered 121. 

In 1754 there were 61 families, nOO population and the following 
freemen: Theophilus Ailing, Joshua Austin, Daniel Augur, Samuel 
Bradley, Isaac Blakeslee, Zebulon Bradley, Daniel Bradley, Joseph 
Bishop, Jonathan Barnes, Nathaniel Barnes, Isaac Bradley, Stephen 
Bradley, Dan Bradley, Caleb Chidsey, Abraham Chidsey, John Chid- 
sey, Deodate Davenport, James Dennison, Daniel Finch, Daniel Finch, 
Jr., Samuel Forbes, Daniel Granger, Isaac Goodsell, Reverend Jacob 
Heminway, Isaac Holt, Caleb Hitchcock, Abraham Heminway, vSamuel 
Heminway, Daniel Hitchcock, John Heminway, vStephen Hitchcock, 
Daniel Holt, Nathaniel Luddington, Eliphalet Luddington, John 
Moulthrop, Dan Moulthrop, Amos Morris, Stephen Morris, Gideon 
Potter, Lsaac Penfield, Mo.ses Page. Eliakim Robin.son, Thomas Rob- 
in.son, Thomas Robinson, Jr., John Russell, William Rogers, Thomas 
Smith, Samuel Smith, Pattenson Smith, James vSmith, John Shepard, 
Benjamin Smith. Abel Smith, Daniel Smith, Jo.seph Tuttle, Captain 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 221 

Joseph Tuttle, Samuel Thompson, Jr., Stephen Thompson, Joel Tuttle, 
John Woodward and Russell Woodward. 

In 1820 there were about 2(10 families and a population of 1,237. 
The town had ISfi houses, H mills, 1 store and a grand list of 
$15,661 ..-)S. 

The inhabitants sought parish or village privileges as early as 
1677, when the general court was petitioned for that right, but did not 
grant it until 1680. Before this New Haven had consented to the 
arrangement in the following manner: 

" At a Towne meeting held in New Haven 24 December, 1678, and 
for the village on the East .Side, those inhabitants gave in their 
propositions to the committee, which they desired might be granted, 
which was: 

" 1. That they might have liberty to get a minister among them, 
for their minister, and keep the Sabbath in the way they ought. 

" 2. That boundary might be granted to them as high — i.e., north — 
as Muddy River. 

" 3. That they have liberty of admitting inhabitants among them 
for their help in the work and maintenance of a minister. 

" 4. That they may have liberty to purchase some lands of the 
Indians, near Mr. Gregson's — /. c, at the Cove — if the Indians are 
willing to part with it. 

"5. That what land of the Ouinnipiae is within Branford stated 
bounds the right of the purchase may be given them. 

" 6. Lastly. That thev may be freed from rates to the Towne 
when they shall have procured a minister." 

Thus being constituted a village, the inhabitants proceeded to do 
business practically as a separate corporation, but still being under 
the jurisdiction of New Haven. They elected officers, laid out and 
granted lands, etc., as they assumed they had a right to do, but which 
privilege was disputed, and the matter caused much trouble and 
expense, as all the village grants were not honored b}^ the authorities 
of the town of New Haven. 

The village granted lands in 1683 to John Chidsey and Joseph 
Russell, both on the north side of the present green. In the same 
year an allotment of lands was made, after the New Haven method, 
viz.: 20 acres to each family; 4 acres to each child of the family; and 
20 acres for each ^100 in the list. One-half of the lands were laid off 
on the Stony river, joining upon those of the five men at Foxon, viz.: 
Joseph Abbott, Robert Dawson, Thomas Pinion, William Roberts and 
James Taylor. The persons to whom lands were allotted were: John 
Austin, Ailing Ball, Ailing Ball, Jr., Thomas Corner, John Chidsey, 
James Dennison, Joseph Dickerson, Samtiel Heminway, Eliakim 
Hitchcock, Nathaniel Hitchcock, John Liiddington, William Ludding- 
ton, Matthew Moulthrop, George Pardee, John Potter, John Rose, 



"222 HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Thomas Smith, John Thompson, Edmund Tooley and Edward 
Vickers. 

At the meeting March 2!»th, 1684, nineteen inhabitants were present 
when, on the question, " Shall we go forward in building a village?" 
all voted to proceed. Accordingly, they chose John Thompson, 
Matthew Moulthrop and vSamuel Heminway, selectmen: Samuel Hem- 
in way, clerk; and George Pardee, constable. But for some cause the 
village privileges were relinquished in lQSr>, and business was now 
transacted directly by the town of New Haven. This order prevailed 
until December, 1703, when the inhabitants voted to again take up 
their village grant, and "to that end cho.se Capt. Ailing Ball, Lt. 
Samuel Hotchkiss. vSamuel Heminway, Serg. John Potter, William 
Luddington, Esq., John Rus.sell and George Pardee a committee to 
manage the concerns of the village, in order to a settlement, accord- 
ing to the General Court's grant, and informed New Haven of their 
design." 

But they soon again came into conflict with New Haven on account 
of the division of lands, when they obtained from the general assembly 
a renewal of the grant of 1680. This led to the further movement to 
organize a distinct and separate village, which was practically accom- 
plished by the act of May, 1707, which bestowed upon East Haven 
.certain immunities enjoyed by other townsof the state. This carried 
with lit the privilege of having a church and schools separate from 
those of New Haven, and exempted the inhabitants from paying taxes 
to New Haven. 

Construing the act in the sense of a town charter, the inhabitants 
proceeded to elect town officers, laid rates, took charge of their own 
poor, and again assumed the right of dividing the common lands 
without the consent or approbation of New Haven. This claim of 
power was disputed by New Haven, which found a warm ally in Gur- 
don Saltonstall, who was elected governor of the colony in 1708. He 
had married the only child of William Rosewell, the owner of the old 
furnace farm, and was living at that place, unfortunately on unfriendly 
terms with his East Haven neighbors, whose geese had crossed over 
the lake and molested him by injuring his property. He killed some 
of the geese and in other ways so much aroused the ire of the people 
of this community that not a vote was here polled for him for gov- 
ernor. This slight irritated the governor, who, m 1710, influenced 
the a.ssembly to interpret the act of 1707 to mean the enjoyment of 
parish privileges only. East Haven protested, and the controversy 
as to the proper construction of the act continiied for some time. 
For many years the inhabitants continued under the jurisdiction 
of New Haven, excepting as they managed their own parish afl'airs. 
But ill the cour.sc of time the influence of the governor having 
pa.ssed away, a new generation made an effort to revive the powers 
conferred b}' the act of 1707 and memorialized the town of New 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN" COUNTY. 223 

Haven and the general assembly to that effect in 17.-)H. For the East 
Haven people the petition was signed by Rosewell Woodward, Isaac 
Blakeslee, Daniel Holt and vSamuel Heminway, as selectmen, v.-hich 
would indicate that they probably had the organized machinerj' of a 
town at that time. The assembly again decided that East Haven was 
a parish only, and ordered the inhabitants to pay the general New 
Haven rates. After several more futile efforts to secure town rights 
the matter was allowed to rest until 1780, when the village became 
more urgent in its demands for the confirmation of the privileges 
granted by the act of 1707; and in line with that purpose they voted, 
January 1st, 1782, •' That Levi Pardee go around to the people to know 
whether they are willing to be a Town or not." The sentiment being 
in favor of such a movement, the object was prosecuted with renewed 
zeal, and after about eighty years of unavailing effort the town was 
at last properl}- incorporated. 

East Haven village or parish became a town by virtue of an act 
of the general assembly, May, 17So, and the meeting for organization 
was held in July of that year at the East Haven meeting house. After 
prayer and a sermon by Reverend Nicholas Street upon the inrport- 
ance of union and harmony in the new town. Captain Samuel Forbes, 
Captain Isaac Chidsey, Azariah Bradley, Joseph Holt and Amos 
Morris, |r., were elected selectmen; Joshua Austin, town clerk; Abra- 
ham Barnes, John Morris and John Wooler, tything men. A com- 
mittee was appointed to settle with New Haven, and it was voted that 
the warning of the town meetings should be the beating of the drum 
on Barnes" hill and at the old meeting house hill. 

The freemen who voted at this meeting were the following 38 per- 
sons: Reverend Nicholas Street, Amos Morris, Esq., Josiah Bradley, 
E.sq., Captain Lsaac Chidsey, Joshua Austin, Timothy Thompson, Caleb 
Smith, Daniel Brown, Samuel Heminway, Levi Cooper, Dan Holt, 
Samuel Forbes, Abraham Chid.sey, Jared Robinson, John Hunt, Dan 
Goodsell, John Dennison, Captain Stephen Smith, John Woodward, 
Captain Samuel Barnes, Joseph Holt, Daniel Tuttle, Daniel Augur, 
Samuel Townsend, Gurdon Bradley, Isaac Parker, Azariah Bradley, 
William Easton, Joseph Hotchkiss, John Robin.son, Edward Bradley, 
Stephen Thompson and Elisha Andrews. 

Under the villaofe grant clerks were elected and served as follows: 
First, Samuel Heminway; next, Ebenezer Chidsey, 1702 until 1726; 
Samuel Hotchkiss in 1727; Gideon Potter until 17.")7; followed by Isaac 
Holt and Timothy Andrews for short periods; Simeon Bradley, from 
1763 to 1778, except 1768, when the clerk was Abraham Heminway; 
Joshua Austin, 1779, and was also the first town clerk; 1786 to 1806, 
josiah Bradley; 1800 to 1846, Bela Farnham; 1846 to 1864, Reuel 
Andrews; 1864 to 1878, Charles A. Bray; 1879-80, Asa L. Chamberlain; 
1881 to 1891, Charles T. Hemingway. 

When the town was first settled New Haven claimed the country 



224 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

east as far as Branford hills. This boundary line later became a 
matterfor dispute, as Branford claimed the country west to the Furnace 
pond, and made demand to that effect in 1649. New Haven ignored 
this claim, and in IGSG made grant of the Furnace farm to the iron 
company and 12 acres to the collier, both in the limits claimed by 
Branford. The matter was finally settled in 168.") by giving New 
Haven a .strip of land half a mile wide and extending to the northern 
limits of New Haven, from the point of beginning, half a mile east 
of the northern end of Saltonstall lake or Furnace pond. In 1789 
these bounds were fully described, and the water bounds between 
New Haven and East Haven were also that year fixed, the line as 
finally agreed upon being the middle of the river. 

The East Haven Probate District was authorized at the session of 
the general assembly. May, 1868, and Charles A. Bray was elected the 
judge. The district was discontinued in January, 1888, by the terms 
of the act annexing a part of the town to New Haven. East Haven 
is now, as before, a part of the New Haven Probate District. 

East Haven was divided by an act of the general assembly, pas.sed 
January, 1881, and the part west of the division line was annexed to 
New Haven. A special town meeting was held May 2d, 1881, to ratify 
or reject the terms of the act. Those living in the part to be annexed 
voted in the engine house of the borough of Fair Haven East — for, 
301; against, 85; votes polled, 886. Those in the remaining part of the 
town voted in the town hall, in East Haven village — for, 128; against, 
9. So it was decided by a majority of 380 that the act should become 
operative. 

As a condition of the annexation New Haven assumed the bonded 
indebtedness of East Haven, amounting to about $100,000. Of this 
sum $60,000 was on account of the Quinnipiac bridge, whose 
construction, in 1877, was of more benefit to New Haven than to East 
Haven, the debt resting upon the town like a heavy burden, and which 
was the principal cause of the division. 

The other funds and interests of the town were equitably divided, 
the committeee on the part of East Haven being A. L. Chamberlain, 
Hiram Jacobs and L. F. Richmond. The .schools in the annexed part 
were placed in the care of the New Haven city school board, and the 
charter of Fair Haven Borough East was unaffected, except that the 
town of New Haven assumed the care of the streets and sidewalks of 
the borough. The annexation has in the main been beneficial to the 
town of East Haven, except that it has been left with a very small 
area and a greatly reduced population. In 1880, before the division, 
the inhabitants numbered 3,057; m 1890 there were in the present 
East Haven but 958 inhabitants. The grand list is but a little more 
than $800,000. 

In 1644 a bridge was built over Stony creek, on the road to Totoket, 
by William Andrews, for which he charged the colony i,'3, 8s., 9d. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 225 

This was the first bridge on that stream. In 1782 the bridge at the 
lowest dam on that stream was authorized. The bridge at Dragon 
point was built in 1791 and toll charged. The following j^ear a new 
road was located to it. In 1796 a bridge at the so-called new ferry- 
was authorized to be built; and the privilege to build wharves at the 
same place was granted in 1797. 

The first ferry in which the inhabitants of the town were interested 
was established at Red Rock prior to 1650, and was first kept by 
Francis Brown. In 1650 George Pardee took the ferry and was granted 
the privilege of building a house there, at his own expense. In 1670 
a ferr}' farm was granted him. It was kept up many years, being for 
a long time the only means of crossing the river. In 1782 the general 
assembly granted the parish of East Haven the right to establish a 
ferry at what was afterward called Ferry Point; but before many 
years it was superseded by a bridge. The latter structures were put 
up at heav}' and almost ruinous expense to the town, but the bridge 
is much used and is a great public necessity. Since 1881 it has been 
wholly the property of New Haven. 

The Totoket path was the earliest road through the town, and 
where it crossed the Siony creek a bridge was erected in 1644. The 
bearings of the road were full}' described in 1686. It has ever 
remained the principal highway in the town, and has been well 
improved. In 1671 the road from Morris cove to Fowler's creek was 
reserved. In 1672 the road from the cove to the county road was 
secured from the Indians, and the right confirmed by another purchase 
in 1692. Other roads were located as the country was settled up. The 
town has the Shore Line railroad, which was completed for operation 
in 1852. 

The first settlers were mainly agriculturi.sts, and farming and 
gardening have continued leading occupations. The soil is especially 
adapted for the latter interest. But the mill privilege at Salton.stall 
lake early attracted attention, and it was selected as the site for the 
first iron works m the state. Liberty for this purpose was asked of 
the town of New Haven, November 12th, 16.55, by Stephen Goodyear 
and John Winthrop, Jr. The former was a shipper and active busi- 
ness man of New Haven; the latter lived in Boston, but was interested 
in mining in this part of the country. The project was looked upon 
with favor by the town, which granted the desired liberty November 
29th, 1655, on condition that Branford would unite in making a simi- 
lar grant. This "vas done, and the people of these towns assi.sted in 
building the dam and putting up a furnace and a bloomary, as they 
considered that it would greatly benefit them. 

In May, 1656, the town granted twelve acres of land to the collier, 
" at a point betweeti the Great Pond and Beaver Meadow,'." about two 
miles above the works, on condition that he would remain in the ser- 
vice of the company three years. A large furnace farm, on the east 
14 



226 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

side of the lake, was also granted to the proprietors. Asa further 
inducement, the works were exempt from taxation seven years, and it 
was agreed that Branford should supply three-eighths and New Haven 
five-eighths of the wood used in making charcoal for the furnaces. 

John Cooper was the agent of the iron works, and lived on Stony 
creek; Captain Thomas Clark, the master, and later was one of the 
owners; Jasper Crayne was one of the overseers; Richard Post was a 
founder; John Russell and Ralph Russell were among the workmen. 
It appears that others of the employees were lawless, and that the fur- 
nace had gathered some disorderly persons, so that complaint was 
made to the town, December 1st, 1657. on that score. It was then 
agreed that those working there in the future should bring certificates 
of character, and later Matthew Moulthrop, 2d, was appointed con- 
servator of the morals of the people at the iron works. In 1679 
there was an epidemic sickness among the workmen, which caused 
the death of Ralph Ru.ssell and a number of others. It is said that 
this circumstance led to the suspension of work soon after. 

In September, 1657, John Winthrop, Jr., disposed of his interest to 
Captain Clark and a Mr. Payne, also of Boston, and the former later 
became the chief owner and last operated it. The furnace was sup- 
plied with bog ore from North Haven, most of which was carted here, 
but some of the ore was taken by boat down the Ouinnipiac and up 
.Stony creek to a place below the furnace, which is to this day called 
" Bog mine." 

It is probable that this enterprise did not meet with the expecta- 
tions of the owners, and it was discontinued about 1680. In that year 
Thomas Clark sold the furnace farm of 300 acres upland and 60 acres 
meadow to William Rosewell, whose daughter married GurdonSalton- 
stall, afterward the governor of the colony, and who lived there for 
a number of years. 

A later attempt to manufacture iron was made in 1692, when John 
Potter was given permission to set up a forge near the first spring we.st 
of Stony river. This was not long operated, but the place was called 
for many years the "old forge." 

In 1686 the furnace site was sequestered for a grist mill, to be put 
up by vSanmel Heminway, the village of East Haven granting him 
certain priv-ileges, which the town of New Haven refused to 
ratify. After 25 years, in 1706, the sons of vSamuel Heminway, John 
and Abraham, secured from the town of Branford additional priv- 
ileges, which enabled them to control the ground on both sides of the 
outlet. This mill was long carried on, and was known as the town 
mill. The Chidseys, father, son and grandson, in .succession, were 
for many years the millers. The mill is but little u.sed at this time. 

Just below this place was a mill for making writing paper, etc., in 
which a number of hands were employed, and which was operated by 
James Donoghue, James Harper and others. This became the prop- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 227 

erty of the Saltonstall Milling Company, whose name was changed in 
1871, to the Saltonstall Manufacturing Company. It had a capital of 
$40,000, and was engaged in the manufacture of heavy carriage and 
portable engine wheels. Stephen Bradley was the president of the 
company. On the decline of the interest at that place, a part of it was 
transferred to a shop in the village where steam power is employed, 
and work is still done by Stephen Bradley & Co. In the old building, 
on the lake outlet, Charles L. Fabrique manufactured brushes until 
the building was burned, when the interest was taken to Westville. 
The waters of the lake are now almost wholly used by the city of New 
Haven, which here obtains a part of its supply. Pumping works have 
been erected on the west side of the lake. 

The privilege where stood the forge was granted in 1706 to John 
and Abraham Heminway and John Marsh, who erected a fulling mill 
at that place in 1709. This was operated many years, when the build- 
ing was used for the manufacture of horn buttons. Later a grist mill 
was here established and is now carried on b)' Hawkins & Forbes. 

On the western border of the old town, along the Ouinnipiac,near 
what was in early times known as Dragon point, the village of Fair 
Haven sprang up, after the war of 1812. It has grown steadily until 
it is a place of considerable importance, containing all the adjuncts of 
a progressive village. The part in East Haven was incorporated as a 
borough, with the title of Fair Haven East, which permitted the reg- 
ulation of their local affairs, independent of the town, and which 
aided materially in the improvement of the place; and the population 
increased to about two thousand. Since 1881 this has been a part of 
New Haven. 

In the early history of the village commerce with the West Indies 
and coastwise trading gave employment to many of the inhabitants. 
Later the oyster trade at this place assumed large proportions, as 
many as several score vessels being thus engaged, during the oyster 
season. In the summer and fall the quarrying of building stone, near 
the village, was a leading occupation, and this interest is still carried 
on. 

After 1860 many of the East Haven oyster men transferred their 
base of operations to the Chesapeake bay, and at Baltimore and other 
points, became leading dealers and packers. Among these were the 
Mallorys, Augurs, Hemingways, Luddingtons, Rowes, Landfairs, 
Footes, Millers, Farrans. Chidseys, Holts and Maltbys. Their removal 
cau.sed the decline of this'industryat East Haven, but since 1872, when 
the .systematic cultivation of oysters in the waters of this locality was 
begun, it has been somewhat revived and again engages considerable 
attention. 

Several manufacturing plants of parties from other localities have 
been placed in the town, as the copper mill of the Humphreysville 
Manufacturing Company, about forty years ago; the works of the 



228 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

American Chemical Company, in 1866; the New Haven Wire Com- 
pany, in 1871; the Bushnell Lumber Company, in 1866; and the New 
England Acid Company, in 1881. Fair Haven East has also a num- 
ber of stores and shops in the ordinary mechanic pursuits. 

The village of East Haven, below Lake Saltonstall, is pleasantly 
located on an elevated plain, the oldest part being around the green, 
in the southern part of the present village. It presents a straggling 
but well kept appearance of about one hundred buildings, some of 
them antedating the present century, but still giving evidence of com- 
fort. Many of the better residences are occupied by business people 
of New Haven, with which the place is connected by railway and 
several lines of stages. There are Congregational and Episcopal 
houses of worship, a town hall, several stores and the East Haven 
post office, besides the usual mechanic shops. 

The post office has been kept by, among others, Isaac Hagerman, 
D. M. Church, Stephen Hemingway for nineteen years, and, since 
August 19th, 1889, by C. E. Kirkham. It has commodious and attrac- 
tive quarters in the new Kirkham building, in which are also a fine 
reading room and a society hall. In the latter meet a Grange of 
Patrons of Husbandry, East Haven, No. 106, organized December 3d, 
1889; and Fidelity Division, No. 26, Sons of Temperance, which was 
organized January 24th, 188;"), with thirty charter members. Both 
societies are very prosperous. 

Doctor Bela Farnham, who died in 18.57, at the extreme age of 89 
years, was, for a long period of time, the settled physician of the 
town. He was a skillful practitioner, and was much respected as a 

citizen. 

Doctor James Casey, a later physician, after being actively engaged 
in his profession a number of years, moved to Passaic, N. J. Subse- 
quently Doctor Brainerd located here, coming from Naugatuck, but 
moved to Branford. 

Doctor Marvin D. Smith is the present physician. 
As properly accredited attorneys there were in East Haven, m 
1890, S. W. F. Andrews, James S. Thompson, Dwight W. Tuttle and 
Grove J. Tuttle, whose legal business is in New Haven. 

The first inhabitants of East Haven attended religious meetings 
at New Haven, which necessitated a long and tiresome journey. The 
way was by " Red Rock," through forests and swamps, and the river 
must be crossed by means of a ferry, none too .safe or reliable. Hence, 
as soon as the population warranted such a step, the " East Side 
Farmers " asked for their own place of worship in the midst of their 
new homes. A petition for .such a privilege, in 1677, was not granted 
until 1679, and two more vears elapsed before the necessary arrange- 
ments could be made for holding meetings. In 1681 Reverend James 
Ailing was engaged as a minister, and preached two years, when, not 
having received permission to organize a church, he left for a field 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 229 

where he could become a settled pastor. Reverend John Harriman, 
of New Haven, now preached to them for two years, when, owing to 
the removal of many inhabitants, who had been connected with the 
iron works, the meetings could no longer be continued, and for 
eighteen years the services were intermitted. 

In 1704 the matter of establishing public worship in the village of 
East Haven was again taken up, and the end attained by securing 
Jacob Heminway as a minister. He was the youngest son of Samuel 
Heminway, Esq., one of the leading men of the village, and was one 
of the three young men who, in 1701, first entered the newly-founded 
school at Saybrook, and which in time became Yale College. In the 
summer of 1704 he graduated from Mr. Pierson's institution, being at 
that time in the twenty-first year of his age. Returning to his home, 
he was in so much favor with his neighbors that he was desired to 
become their minister. Hence, at the meeting of the villagers, 
November, 1704, "Voted, To seek Sir Heminway, that he would give 
us a taste of his gifts in order to a settlement in the work of the min- 
istry, and 

" 2. Voted, To desire John Potter, Sen., Caleb Chidsey and Eben- 
ezer Chidsej- to treat with Sir Heminway to get him, if they could, to 
give them a taste of his gifts in preaching the word." 

The " taste of his gifts," was so pleasing to the villagers that they 
voted, December 19th, 1704, to engage him as a minister at i^50 per 
year. Thus he continued two years, when he was more formally 
engaged, the villagers promising, on their part, a salary of ^J.OO per 
year, to furnish him his firewood, and to build him a house. In 1707 
they built him a house, 20 by 40 feet, on a five-acre lot, on the south-, 
east corner of the green. In 1709 54 more acres of land, in three 
tracts, were settled upon him. In the meantime, in 1706, a small plain 
meeting house, barely 16 by 20 feet, had been built on the opposite 
side of the green. 

These buildings provided and a minister secured, they voted. May 
3d, 1709, to petition the general assembly to be embodied into a church 
state. This was done October 8th, 1711, when the East Haven Con- 
gregational Church was formally organized. On the same day Rev- 
erend Jacob Heminway was ordained to the pastorate, in which he 
continued until his death, in 1754, preaching for the people more than 
half a century, which is evidence of his proper service in his chosen 
field of labor. 

The first meeting house becoming too small, a new one was built 
on the knoll, on the northwest corner of the green, which was long 
known as the Meeting House hill. The building committee were: 
Captain Ailing Ball, Sergeant John Thorap.son, Samuel Rus.sell, Ser- 
geant Joseph Granniss, Samuel Hotchkiss, Nathaniel Hitchcock and 
Samuel Goodsell. The house was a high frame, 30 by 40 feet, having 
a straight roof and jutted ends. It was ready for occupancy in the 



230 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

fall of 1719, when it was properly seated, after the manner of those 
times, according to the rates paid in 1717. Although a rude and barn- 
like structure, it was made to do duty more than fifty years, longer 
perhaps than if there had not been difficulty as to the site for a pro- 
posed new house. This was a matter for a heated controversy between 
the people of the vSouth End and the Center, who preferred the green 
as a site, and those of Woodward town and Foxon Farms, who had 
selected Mullen hill as their site. After the matter had been more or 
le.ss agitated, from 1769 to 1772, Thompson's corner, between the two 
proposed sites, was selected as a compromise site. Upon this the con- 
struction of the now famous " Stone Meeting House " was begun the 
same year by a building committee composed of Captain Amos Mor- 
ris, John Woodward, Joel Tuttle, vStephen Morris, Lsaac Chid.sey, 
Stephen Thompson, Dan Bradley and Stephen .Smith. It was finally 
determined to build the house, ,")() by 73 feet, " and to build a steeple 
to be carried up with stone." The plan was at that time in the 
advanced style of architecture, and it is possible that the old .South 
church of Boston may have been taken as a pattern. The material 
was gathered in the town, and the greater part of the work was done 
by those who expected to occupy it. The walls were finished and the 
roof put on in August, 1774, and it was so far completed that it was 
dedicated in the fall of that year. Up to this time its cost was about 
$12,()()0, or nearly three-fifths of the grand list, which shows to what 
extent the people went in their endeavor to have a suitable and endur- 
ing house of worship. How well they succeeded in that laudable, 
though sacrificing purpose is attested by the fact that this is now one 
of the oldest meeting houses in the state, and the oldest stone meet- 
ing house standing in all New England. Its walls are to-day as firm 
as when put up, and will probably stand a century longer. 

The house was not fully completed until 1796, after an expenditure 
of $2,500 had been made mainly in finishing the interior and in build- 
ing a spire. The following year, October 8th, 1797, the " great tor- 
nado/' which passed over the center of the town, threw^ down the 
spire, unroofed the house, and damaged it to the extent of $1,000. 
The repairs were immediately made, and m 1798 the spire was first 
supplied with a bell. It was cast in New Haven that year, when nine- 
teen Spanish milled dollars were added to the other metal, by Doctor 
Bela Farnham, who was present when the bell was cast. In conse- 
quence the bell has a peculiar silvery, pleasing tone. Soon after per- 
mission was given to Edmond Bradley and others to place a clock in 
the spire which, like the bell, has done faithful service through a long 
course of years. 

In 1850 the meeting house was so extensively remodelled that it 
was deemed proper to re-dedicate it, October 16th, 1850. About $0,000 
was expended. In 1859 the steeple was rebuilt and given a more 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 231 

modern appearance, having- now most gracefnl proportions and a 
height of 196 feet from the ground. This work cost $2,000. 

The interior of the house was renovated in 1868, at an expenditure 
of $3,000, and about the same time the property was enclosed with 
an iron railing and the grounds beautified, at an outlay of $],300. 
Wood stoves were first placed in the meeting hou.se in 1825, coal 
stoves in 1840, and steam heating apparatus in 1868. 

A commodious chapel was built in 1874, which, was con.se- 
crated as the Centennial chapel; and the .same year the one hun- 
dredth anniversary of the occupancy of the " Stone Meeting House" 
was appropriately celebrated on the 16th of September. The society 
purchased a parsonage in 1853, and a more commodious one in 1873, 
which has been enlarged and beautified. All the church property, 
which is very valuable, has recently been placed in good repair, and 
the parish is not encumbered by a debt. 

Reverend Nicholas Street was ordained as the second pastor, Octo- 
ber 8th, 1755, and "acquitted himself a workman thoroughly fur- 
nished into every good work," until his death, on the 51st anniver- 
sary of his ordination, October 8th, 1806, aged 76 years. He was a 
man of superior ability, kindly disposed, yet of dignified appearance, 
and well fitted to inspire reverence, confidence and affection. In 
theology he was an " Old Light," and was opposed or indifferent to 
the more advanced methods of awakening interest in religious work. 

Reverend Saul Clark, ordained the third pastor January 13th, 1808, 
was the opposite of Mr. Street in his methods and pastoral work, 
He was aggressive, zealous in his calling, and his ministry was char- 
acterized by a series of revivals, which greatly augmented the mem- 
bership, in spite of the fact that some of the older members took 
exception to his methods and withdrew from the church. In many 
things Mr. Clark was in advance of the times, taking positions which 
are now occupied by the religious world, but which at that time 
aroused so much opposition that for the sake of harmony he was dis- 
missed, at his own request. May 19th, 1817. He died in Meriden in 
1849, but is interred at East Haven, where his memory is still 
respected. 

Reverend Stephen Dodd was installed as the fourth pastor, Decem- 
ber nth, 1817, and resigned April 20th, 1847. He continued to reside 
in the town until his death in 1856, at the age of 77 years. He was 
an earnest and successful pastor, and an able and at times eloquent 
preacher. His long pastorate was quiet, yet one of steady growth, in 
spite of the fact that in 1830 many members withdrew to form the 
First church in Fair Haven. In 1824 Mr. Dodd published his " East 
Haven Register," which is a valuable historical work, and from which 
have been gleaned many facts for this sketch. 

The succes.sor of Mr. Dodd was Reverend Daniel W. Havens, who 
was installed June 16th, 1847, and resigned July 2d, 1877. Under his 



232 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ministry the church prospered materially and spiritually. Many of 
the most important changes and additions to the church propert)- 
were made in this period, which placed the parish among the fore- 
most in the county. In this time, also, several revivals of unusual 
interest took place, the fruits of the one in the spring of 1852 being 
an addition of So persons to the membership of the church. In Sep- 
tember, ]S74, Mr. Havens preached the historical sermon, on the occa- 
sion of celebrating the 100th anniversary of the occupancy of the " Old 
Stone Meeting House." This has been published. 

Reverend Joseph Tomlinson was the acting pastor from 1877 to 
1879. On the 7th of July, 1880, Reverend Daniel J. Clark, who had 
just graduated from the Hartford Seminary, was here ordained to the 
ministry and installed as the pastor of the church. In that capacity 
he has since successfully continued. 

In October, 1890, the parish contained 130 families, and there were 
24/5 communicant members. The clerk of the church was A. L. 
Fabrique. The Sabbath school had more than 200 members, and F. 
B. Street was the superintendent. In 1880 a mission Sabbath school 
was established at Morris cove, which is in charge of deacon J. H. 
Morris, and which is prosperous. 

The deaconry of the church embraced the following: Caleb Chid- 
sey, died in 1713; Joshua Austin, died in 1700; Thomas Smith, died 
in 1702; Daniel Hitchcock, died in 1701; Deodate Davenport, died in 
1701; vSamuel Heminwav, chosen 17.38, died 1777; Abraham Hemin- 
way, chosen 1701, removed; Amos Morris, chosen 1770, died 1801; 
Stephen vSmith, chosen 1778, died 1810; Samuel Davenport, chosen 
1797, died ISIO; John ^lorris, chosen 1800, removed ]80(); Levi Par- 
dee, chosen 1800, died 1813; Enos Heminway, chosen 18O0, removed 
1830; Amos Morris, chcsen 1810, resigned 1818; Bela Farnham, chosen 
1832, resigned 1852; Amos Morris, chosen 1832, resigned 1852; Samuel 
H. Heminway, chosen 1832, died 1849; Reuel Andrews, chosen 1852, 
died 1864; Alfred Morris, chosen 1852, died 1876; A. L.Curtiss, chosen 
1864, died 1872; Edwin Street, chosen 1868, resigned 1878; Asa L. 
Fabrique, chosen 1868, still serves; Samuel T. Andrews, chosen 1872, 
deceased; Thaddeus Street, chosen 1872, deceased; Julius H. Morris. 
Fred. B. Street and Collis B. Granniss, still in office. 

Christ Church (Protestant Episcopal) had its origin in a move- 
ment to unite the churchmen of the town, set on foot March 17th, 
1788. Previous to that time these worshipped in Trinity church. 
New Haven. The meeting for organization was held at the house 
of vSamuel Tuttle, who acted as chairman, and John Bird as clerk, 
when the following signed an agreement to form a parish: Plenry 
F. Hicks, John Bird, Samuel Tuttle, James Pardee, Stephen Pardee, 
Mabel Bishop, Samuel Barnes, John Hunt, Stephen Thompson, Jr.. 
David Goodsell, jchiel Forbes and Levi Forbes. Two weeks later 
another meeting was held to elect officers, when Samuel Tuttle and 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 238 

James Pardee were chosen wardens: Jehiel Forbes, Captain Samuel 
Barnes, Samuel Thompson, Captain Stephen Thompson, Jr., Ichabod 
Bishop, vestrymen. The new parish was now placed in care of Trinity 
church. 

Early in 1789 the work of building a chapel was begun, the frame 
work being raised April 23d, 1789, when some of the timbers fell 
down, killing Jeremiah Bradley and injuring several others. The 
building was only partially completed and was not finished for con- 
secration until July 25th, 1810. It was not painted until 1817. In 
the fall of 1828 it was supplied with a stove. 

On Easter, 1789, Reverend Edward Blakeslee became thefir.st rector 
■of the parish, continuing about a year, but before that time Doctor 
Hubbard, of Trinity church, had preached here. 

In 1843 and 1845 the chapel was enlarged and a tower built, in 
which a bell was placed in 1847. The following year Reverend 
Edward Warren gave an altar for the church. In 1859 the building 
was again repaired and a font placed in it, by the Todd brothers — 
Edward, Henry and Charles— of Brooklyn, N.Y. In 1866 the rectory 
was purchased at a cost of $2,400, $500 of which was a bequest by 
Mrs. Sarah A. Barnes. Ten years later it was remodelled and enlarged. 
In the summer of 1867 the church building was transformed to its 
present shape under the direction of a committee compo.sed of O. B. 
Thompson, C. E. Kirkham and Ralph Wright. Later a memorial 
window was placed in it, in honor of Rector O. Evans Shannon, who 
died September 20th, 1877. In 1881 all the remaining debt of the 
parish was paid off under the rectorship of Reverend Clayton Eddy, 
who also presented the church with a cabinet organ. Improvements 
since that time have placed the parish property in good condition. 

The ministers and rectors of the parish have been: 1788-9, Doc- 
tor Hubbard; 1790, Reverend Edward Blakeslee; 1791, Reverend Hull: 
1796, Doctor Hubbard; 1796-9, Reverend Smith Miles: 1800-1, Doctor 
Hubbard: 1801-5, Reverend Ami Rogers; 1805-10, Doctor Hubbard: 
1810-11, Reverend Samuel P. Jarvis; 1812-17, Elijah G. Plumb; 1819- 

26, Perry: 1827, Peter G. Clark; 1834-9, Henry Ives; 1840-5, 

Henry Townsend; 1846, George W. Nichols: 1847, Henry Townsend; 
1848, Henry Edwards: 1849, N. S. Richardson; 1850-63, Henry Town- 
send; 1864, Alonzo G. Shearer; 1865, Henry Townsend; 1866-77, O. 
Evans Shannon; 1878-80, John Gray; 1880, Henry Tarrant: 1881-6, 
Clayton Eddy; 1887, Charles Westerman. 

In 1890 the parish was without a rector, and services were only 
occasionally held. The senior wardens have been the following: 
1788-94, Samuel Tuttle; 1794-5, Samuel Barnes: 1795-1803, Samuel 
Tuttle; 1803-17, Samuel Barnes; 1818, Samuel Tuttle; 1819-36, Truman 
Cole; 1837-45, Leverett Bradley; 1846-53, John Bishop; 1854-73, Fred- 
erick W. Tuttle; 1874-89, Orlando B. Thomp.son; 1890, Dwight W. 
Tuttle. 



234 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

At the same time William H. Shannon was the junior warden. 
Many of the foregoing served in the same office, and others were: 
1790-1, Jehiel Forbes; 1794-1812, Ichabod Bishop; 1810, Joseph Par- 
dee; 185.3-9, Jesse Tuttle; 18fi0-6, J. H. Todd; 1878-8.'), Jesse Tuttle; 
1887-9, Charles L. Mitchell. 

It is said that the first settlers of East Haven were not as mindful 
of the benefits of schools as those of some other towns, and even after 
the lapse of a century of years the cause of education was said to be 
in a backward condition. In more recent years better schools were 
established, especially in the part which became Fair Haven borough. 

The first school house was at the town's market place, or the village 
green, near where the first meeting house stood. It stood there as 
early as the beginning of the last century, and in 1707 Mr. Heminway 
was the teacher. In 1728 the village was divided into four districts; 
in 1769 six districts are mentioned, with a new school house north of 
Bloomary brook. 

In 1823 there were but five districts, which contained 388 children. 
About that time more interest was manifested in educational matters, 
and a library company was formed. The library was maintained with 
good results some years. The later statistics of schools, on account of 
the division of the town, are here omitted. 

But a considerable number of the young men of the town availed' 
themselves of the benefits of Yale College. The East Haven gradu- 
ates of that institution prior to 1800 were: 1704, Jacob Heminway; 
1724, Thomas Good.sell; 1724, John Goodsell; 1760, Jared Potter; 1780, 
Asahel Morris; 1793, Amos Pardee. 

The first public place of burial was sequestered in 1707, but before 
that time a few persons had been buried in the town on the west side 
of the green. Most of those who died at an early day were buried in 
New Haven. The cemetery was enlarged in 1797 and subsequently. 
It is still used, but the new East Haven cemetery, opened and con- 
trolled by .Samuel Forbes, appears to meet the present requirements 
better than the old one. The latter consists of about five acres and is 
well conditioned. It is also at the center. 

In the western part of the town a Jewish cemetery of small area 
has lately been opened. 

The first death of a citizen of the town was Thomas Gregson, who 
was lost at sea in 1047. He was also the first white settler in East 
Haven. Other early deaths were: 

1659, Edward Hitchcock, one of the South End men. 

1662, Matthew Rowe and William Luddington. each being the first 
of those names. 

1668, Francis Brown and .Matthew Moulthrop, the latter being the 
father of that family. 

1609, Edward Patterson and Matthias Hitchcock of the South End. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 23^ 

1673, Benjamin Lingo, an early settler of Stony creek; Thomas 
Morris, the ancestor of the Morris family in the town. 

1674, Reverend Nicholas Street, the father of the Street family; John 
Thompson, father of the East Haven Thompsons. 

1679, Ralph Russell. 

1688, Deacon John Chidsey, father of the Chidseys, at one time so 
numerous in the town. 

1690, John Austin, father of the East Haven Austins. 

1700, George Pardee, the ancestor of the Pardees of this part of the 
county. 

1702, Jane, the widow of Thomas Gregson, the first settler, and 
who was also the first to lose his life. He was above eighty years of 
age. 

1707, Sergeant John Potter, the head of the Potter family in the 
town. 

1713, Isaac Bradley, aged sixty-two years. He was the father of 
the East Haven Bradleys. 

1724, Captain Thomas Smith, the father of thcvSmith family, which 
was in the town in the early part of its history. 

The town was much exposed to Indian attack after the termination 
of King Philips war, and in 1689 a patrol of four horsemen was kept 
scanning the woods[,in search of hostile Indians. But there is no record 
to show that the Indians ventured upon an attack. The resident 
Indians were always friendly, but when in liquor a trifle annoying. 

In the French and Indian war of 1755 and the years following the 
town furnished about fifteen men. Benjamin Russell, of Ea.st Haven, 
was captured at sea in that period. 

The war for Independence affected this town more than some of 
the others in the county. A number of men lost their lives in the 
service, and considerable property was also destroyed. Elijah Smith 
was killed at Long Island in 1776, Thomas Smith died the same year 
at Rye, Nathan Andrews and Isaac Potter died as prisoners about the 
same time. July 5th, 1779, Isaac Pardee was killed at Fort hill by a 
cannon ball fired by the enemy at that time in this town. The British 
landed at Morris neck and South End, July 4th, 1779, while making 
their movement upon New Haven. They encamped for the night 
and burned eleven houses and nine barns, among them being those of 
Amos Morris, John Woodward, John Luddington, Jr., Elam Lud- 
dington, Joseph Tuttle, Jacob and Abijah Pardee, Jehiel Forbes, Mary 
Pardee and Noah Tucker. They also destroyed Gurdon Bradley's 
sloop " and plundered as much as they could lay hold of." They left 
the next day, having inflicted much damage upon this section. 

In 1779 Zebulon Bradley was killed, and Richard Paul, Jacob Par- 
dee, Jr., Asa Bradley, Abijah Bradley and Elijah Bradley were made 
prisoners and were placed on shipboard in New York, where all except 
the latter died. 



236 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In 1781 John Howe was killed by tories at the surprise of Fort 
Hale. John Walker was killed at Long Island; and Edward Goodsell, 
Isaac Luddington and Jared Heminway died later from the effects of 
exposure in the service.^ 

lUOCRAPHICAl. SKETCHES. 

Leonard R. Andrews, born in East Haven in 1838, is a son of 
Samuel T., he a son of Jared, he a son of Elisha, born 1746, whose 
father was Timothy Andrews, who married for his first wife Rachel 
Adkins and for his second Mrs. Anna Holt. They were all farmers. 
Elisha married Sarah Moulthrop in 1769. Jared married Dorothy 
Phelps in 1792. Their children were: Eliza, vSylvia, Polly, Susan and 
Samuel T. vSamuel T. Andrews represented the town in the legisla- 
ture about 18r)8. He married vSally Davidson. Their children were: 
Jared, Timothy, Leonard R.. Elizabeth C. and John D. Jared mar- 
ried Harriet vSmith. Timothy married Maria Benaway. Elizabeth C. 
married Lucius Smith. John D. married vSusan A. Rus.sell. Leonard 
R. Andrews has held the office of selectman several j'ears and was 
elected to the legislature in 1873. He married Lydia vS., daughter of 
Elijah Bradley in 1807. 

Willis Bailey, born in Branford in 18'21, is a son of Nathaniel, born 
1780, and grandson of Elisha, who was a ship carpenter and a resident 
of Haddam, Conn. His children were; Lticy, Sarah, Nathaniel, 
Jonathan and Elijah. Nathaniel Bailey was a farmer. He settled in 
Branford and about 1828 became a resident of East Haven. He mar- 
ried Desire, daughter of John Robinson of Branford, and their child- 
ren were: Eliza, Sarah, Sylvanus, Lucinda, Oliver, Willis, Lucy, 
Elizabeth and Merwin. Nathaniel Bailey died in 1808. Desire, his 
wife, died in 1806, aged 79 years. The only children of Nathaniel 
living are Willis and Merwin. Merwin is a farmer. He married in 
1859, Elizabeth, daughter of George Augur. They have one son, 
Walter, born 1800. Willis Bailey carried on a .saw and grist mill for 
many years, and for eighteen years ran a stage line between East 
Haven and New Haven. He held the office of selectman three years. 
In 1845 he married Anna L., daughter of William Ward, from Lee, 
N. H., who died in East Haven at the age of 82. Their children 
were: .Sophia L., born 1847, and Eleanor W., born 1849, and mar- 
ried in 1873 to James D. Ashbce. He was born in Kent, England, in 
1839, and is a son of Joseph and Jane i Faith i Ashbee. He came to 
America with his parents about 184(). and settled in Madison. Joseph 
Ashbee had three children: Joseph R., James D. and Emma S. 
Joseph R. married Eliza Dowd. Emma S. married Lucius Howe of 
New Haven and for her second husband Henry Merriman of Hamden. 
Jo.seph Ashbee died September 22d, 1878. Jane, his wife, died Sep- 
tember 23d, 1878. The children of James D. and Eleanor W. A.shbee 

*From Doctor Dodd's account. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 237 

are: Willie R., born 1874; Edward J., born 1877, and Burton W., born 
1878. 

Charles W. Bradley, born in East Haven in December, 1834, i.s a 
son of Samuel H., born 1808, and grandson of Samuel, who was a 
carpenter by trade, and accidentally met his death in the peat bog near 
where now is located the vShore Line railroad in Ea.st Haven. His 
grandmother on his father's side, was Sarah Bradley, and his great- 
grandmother, Elizabeth Woodward. Samuel H. Bradley was an ' 
apprentice to his brother-in-law, Roswell Chidsey, and succeeded him 
in business, as the village blacksmith; their place of business was the 
north side of the green. He was one of the prominent men of East 
Haven sixty years ago, and accumulated a large property for those 
times. East Haven was a rendezvous for mules from Kentucky, pre- 
vious to shipment to West Indies, and a feature of Mr. Bradley's busi- 
ness was pulling off the shoes preparatory to the sea voyage. 

Samuel H. married Sarah Louisa, employed in the family of James 
Thompson. At that time there was no foreign help. She was a 
daughter of Jacob Tyler of North Branford. Her mother was Huldah 
Stannard of Westbrook. Samuel H. died in 1843, and his wife in 1848, 
at the early ages of 35 and 33 years. They had but one child, Charles 
W., who was educated in the public schools, Branford Academy, the 
select school of vSamuel M. Brown, of Fair Haven, and St. Matthew's 
Hall, at Port Colden, N. J. John Hemingway was his guardian for 
twelve vears. He eneaeed in the mercantile trade with his cousin 
Stephen Hemingway in the fall of 1851, buying out the business of 
Horace R. Chidsey. This store was originally established by Charles 
Lindsley. The firm continued until 1855, when Mr. Bradley bought 
his partner's interest, and continued the business alone, having one of 
the largest country stores in the county, Naugatuck valley excepted. 
The same year he sold this business to Mr. Hemingway. In this con- 
nection it may be interesting to note the fact, that during the time 
Messrs. Hemingway & Bradley were in business, the post ofBce was 
removed from the house of Ruel Andrews, where it had been for 
nearly a half century, to their store. They also contracted to carry 
the mails between New Haven and East Haven, with horse and 
wagon. The cars on the N. H. & N. L. road, when it was built in 
1851, were inclined not to give much accommodation to East Haven. 
After selling out his business as previously stated, he then engaged 
in farming and trade; was also a teacher in the public schools in 
Branford and Guilford, and a correspondent for various newspapers. 
In politics Mr. Bradley is a democrat, and has been selectman in his 
native town. In 1867 he was appointed keeper of the New Haven 
Light House, during the national administration of Andrew Johnson, 
and at the time James F. Babcock was collector of the port of New 
Haven, which position he held for two years and two months, until 
President Grant's appointees in 1869, took possession of the offices. 



•238 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

He was then appointed superintendent of the New Haven almshouse 
from January 1st, 1870, remaining there one year. 

During the three years following he resided in East Haven, and 
built the first dwelling house which was erected primarily for the 
purpose of renting in East Haven, the village of Fair Haven possibly 
•excepted. In 1873 he was re-appointed superintendent of the New 
Haven almshouse, which office he held from January 1st, 1874, to 
March 1st, 1878. From that time until May 1st, 1890, he resided in 
Westville, where he erected a genteel residence, at which date he 
again became a resident of East Haven. 

In 1854 he married Sarah Amelia, eldest daughter of Horace Leete, 
of Guilford, a descendant of Governor Leete, one of the colonial chief 
magistrates of Connecticut. Their children are: Annetta Adeline, 
born IS.'iG: Harriett Louisa, born 1857, died 1882; and Seymour Percy, 
born 1859. The last named was appointed a cadet to the United 
States Military Academy from the Second congressional district of 
Connecticut in a competitive examination in 1878; an honor never 
before conferred upon an East Haven man. Mr. Bradley is a life 
long member of the East Haven Episcopal church, always taking an 
active interest in its affairs. He was a member of the -Second Com- 
pany, Governor's Horse Guards, and was honorably discharged. 

Justin Bradley was born m East Haven in 1815, and is a son of 
Samuel, whose father Azariah, born in 17S4, was a son of Samuel, 
who married Sarah Robinson in 1715, and whose father Isaac Bradley, 
was a resident of the county as early as 1074, and settled in East 
Haven in 1683. He was a native of England. Azariah Bradley was 
a farmer and joiner. He married Elizabeth Woodward. Their 
children were: Elizabeth, Samuel, Esther, Roswell and Lydia. 
Samuel Bradley was also a farmer and joiner. He built the house 
in which Justin Bradley now lives, in 1792. He held the office of 
selectman several years, and was prominent in town affairs. He mar- 
ried Sarah, daughter of Jared Bradley. Governor Saltonstalls son 
resided on the governor's large farm by the lake; and having become 
wasteful in its management, the town of Branford appointed Jared 
Bradley his overseer, and he resided there manyj^ears. The children 
of Samuel and Sarah Bradley were: William, Laura, George, Lue, 
Esther, Azariah, Sarah Adeline, Samuel H., Lydia and Justin, who is 
the only one living. He learned the joiner's trade, and made that his 
principal business for many years. He has since been engaged in 
farming. He is a member of the Episcopal church of East Haven. 
In 1885 he was elected representative to the Connecticut legislature. 
In 1839 he married Esther S., daughter of John Tyler. They had 
three children; Marietta, who married Willet Forbes; George, who at 
the age of 46 is unmarried; and Louisa C, who died in 1851, aged two 
years. Mrs. Bradley died in 1882. In 1883 he married Frances E., 
■ daughter of Charles L. Paddock of Meriden. Many items of interest 



HISIORV OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 239 

might be mentioned respecting Mr. Bradley's long and active life. 
The late ex-governor, James E. English, who had a national reputa- 
tion, learned the joiner's trade, and he and Mr. Bradley worked at that 
occupation at the same time, in New Haven. 

Stephen Bradley, born in 1836, is a son of Stephen, born 1795, he 
a .son of Stephen, and he a son of Stephen Bradley, who married 
Thankful Smith. Stephen, their .son, married Mehitable Luddington. 
Stephen, their son. married Lydia Foote and their children were: 
Mary, Amanda. Baldwin, Samuel, Lydia and Stephen. Mr. 
Bradley engaged in carriage and wagon making in East 
Haven about 1856, and has carried on that business continuously 
• since that time. He has been twice married; first in 1858 to Sarah 
B. Wheeler They had one son, Stephen, born January 12th, 1867, 
.died November 2d, 1888. Mrs. Bradley died April 15th', 1870. Mr. 
Bradley married for his second wife Susan B., daughter of Samuel 
and Silah Clark of Woodbury, Conn., in 1872. They had one daughter, 
-Grace, born January lOth, 1873. Mrs. Susan B. Bradley died Decem- 
ber 21st, 1888. Mr. Bradley is a member of Lodge No. 66, F. & A. M., 
.of New Haven. 

Samuel Chidsey, born in East Haven in 1810, was a son of Samuel, 
he a son of Isaac, born 1731, he a son of Caleb, born 1697, he a .son of 
Deacon Caleb, born 1661, and he a .son of John Chidsey, who was a 
.deacon of the first church of New Haven. He came from England 
and signed the colony constitution in 1644. Deacon Caleb Chid.sey 
married Anna Thompson. Caleb, their son, married Mrs. Abigail 
Smith. Isaac, their son, married Sarah Bradley in 1752. Samuel, 
.their son, married Betsey Holt. He was a captain in the old militia. 
Their children were: vSally, Russell, Harriett, Lorinda, Annie, Samuel, 
A-ltnira, Betsy, Lydia, Abbie, Hannah, and two that died in infancy. 
.Samuel Chidsey, son of Samuel, was a farmer and was also exten- 
.sively engaged in stock speculations for many years. He always took 
.a deep interest in the affairs of the town, holding various town offices, 
and served one term in the general assembly. He married for his 
iirst wife Esther Bradley. They had four children: Jane, John, 
Josephine and Hattie. He married for his second wife Maria A., 
daughter of William Ford of North Branford. They had one son, 
Samuel R. Chidsey. Mr. Chidsey died in 1886. 

Reuben H. Coe, born in Durham, Conn., in 1837, is a .son of Mer- 
rick and grandson of Abraham Coe, who was a soldier in the war of 
1812. He married Rebecca Ehvell. Merrick Coe married Aseneth 
Harrison. Reuben H. Coe settled in East Haven in 1860, and has 
been engaged in farming. He has held the office of selectman and 
was assessor for two years. He married in 1857 Marietta San ford. 
Their children are: Hattie R. (deceased), born 1861. and Herbert W., 
,born 1863, married in 1887, Emogene Hall. Their children are: 
.^Herbert E^irJ and Ethel May. 



240 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Charles L. Davis, born in New Haven in 1855, is a son of Samuel^ 
whose father Avery, was a son of Aver}-. The two Avcrys were resi- 
dents of Stafford, Conn. Avery, the father of Samuel, married 
Hannah, daughter of Deacon Samuel Lyon. Samuel, their son, was 
superintendent of the New Haven almshouse from 1851 to 1864. He 
married Emily, daughter of Captain Ebenezer Mansfield. Their 
children were: Elihu S., Avery, Charles L., Martha E., Elizabeth L., 
Susan I^., Benjamin J. and John H., all living. Charles L. Davis for 
fourteen years was in the employ of the New York Central Railroad 
Company. In 1887 he settled in East Haven and is extensively 
engaged in market gardening. He was elected, assessor in 1888, 
'89 and '90. He was married in 1877, and has one daughter, 
Emily N. 

Frederick A. Forbes, born in East Haven in 1860, is a son of 
Alexander, he a son of William, he a son of John, born 1770, he a son 
of Isaac, born 1742, and he a son of Samuel, who married Mary 
Thompson. Isaac, their son, married Hannah Hemingway in 1776. 
John, their .son, married for his first wife Anna Holt and for his second 
wife Amey Holt. William C. carried on a general merchandise busi- 
ness in New Haven for many years. He married Abigail Wilmot. 
Their children were Alexander and Loui.se. Alexander was a farmer 
and carried on a grain and milling business in East Ha\'en for many 
years. He represented the town in the legislature several years. He 
inarried for his first wife Sarah E.. daughter of Chester Bradley. 
Their children were: Frank B., Frederick A. and William C. Mr. 
Forbes married for his second wife Jane Tuttle. They had one 
daughter, Lelia M. Frank B. married Matilda C. Barnard. Frederick 
A. Forbes is in the milling business. 

Charles W. Granni.ss, born in East Haven in 1844, is a son of 
Frederick, born 1813, he a son of Jared. born 1756, he a .son of 
Isaac, born 1716, he a son of Joseph, born 1677, and he a son of 
Edward Granniss, who came from England in 1644. and settled in 
North Haven, where during the next hundred years more than one 
hundred of the name were born. Joseph Granniss married Hannah, 
daughter of John Ru.ssell. Isaac married Keziah Moulthrop. Jared 
was a soldier in the revolutionary war. He married Eunice Munson. 
Their children were: Horace, born 1805: John, born 1811; Frederick, 
born 1818; and Lsaac, born 1815. Frederick Granniss married Emily 
Bailey. Their children are: George F., born 1835; Andrew J., born 
1841, and Charles W., born 1844. George F. married Matilda Burge.ss. 
Andrew J. married Honoria Irwin. Charles W. Granni.ss is engaged 
in farming and the milk business. He enli.stcd in the Tenth Connec- 
ticut Regiment in 1861, and served four years. He was sergeant in 
Company A. He is a member of Admiral Foote Post, G. A. R., of 
New Haven. He married Annie C. Irwin. Their children are Irwin 
and Lincoln. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 241 

Charles T. Hemingway, born in East Haven in 1857, is a son of 
Stephen, he a son of John, he a son of Stephen, he a son of Samuel, 
he a son of Samuel, he a son of John and he a son of Samuel, who is 
supposed to have come from England, and who settled in East Haven 
and in 1662 married Sarah Cooper. John, their son, born 1675, married 
Mary Morris in 1703. Samuel, their son, born 1713, married Mehitable 
Denison. Samuel, their son, born 1739, married Hannah Morris. 
Stephen, their son, married Esther Bradley in 1791. John, their son, 
married Adeline Bradley. Their children were Stephen and Jared. 
Stephen, born 1827, married Ann A., daughter of Merwin Tuttle. 
Their children were Charles T. and Charlotte A. Stephen Heming- 
way engaged in the mercantile trade about 1857 in East Haven and 
continued until his death in 1889. He was postmaster for over thirty 
years. Charles T. Hemingway became a partner of his father in 
1881, and continues the business. He was elected town clerk in 1881 
and held the office continuously until 1892; also justice of the peace 
since 1881. He is a member of the Episcopal church, a vestryman 
and treasurer of the parish, also clerk of the board of health several 
years. 

William H. Hosley, born in Branford in 1863, is a son of Benjamin 
A., born 1823, and grandson of Loring D. and Anne A. (Beach) Hosley. 
Benjamin A. Hosley married in 1849 Lois W., daughter of William 
Ward of Vermont. Their children are: Benjamin F., Anna M., John 
H., M. Carrie, William H., Edward K. and Judith E. (deceased). 
Benjamin F. married Idella Pond. Anna M. married George W. 
Dory. John H. married Jane Van Wie. M. Carrie married Gains W. 
McClunie. William H. married in 1885 Amelia L., daughter of 
Charles W. Farnam of Norwich, Conn. They have one son, Charles 
F. Mr. Hosley became a' resident of East Haven in 1885, and has 
been engaged in the milk business. 

Joseph Ives Hotchkiss, born in East Haven in 1814, is a son of 
Lyman, he a son of Joseph, born 1756, he a son of Joseph, born 1725, 
he a son of Samuel, born 1683, and he a son of Samuel Hotchkiss, who 
married vSarah Talmadge in 1678. Samuel, their sou, married for his 
first wife Sarah Bradley in 1705, and for his second wife he married 
Hannah Russell. Joseph, their son, married Esther Russell. He 
served in the revolutionary war. Joseph, his son, married Temper- 
ance, daughter of Timothy Andrews. Their children were: Annie, 
Lyman, Orrilla, Esther, Polly and Huldah. Lyman Hotchkiss mar- 
ried Sybil, daughter of Captain Daniel Bradley. Their children 
were: Grace A., Sophronia, Joseph Ives, Lyman, Samuel, Daniel, 
Elizabeth (died in infancy) and Elizabeth A. Joseph Ives Hotchkiss 
was clerk in a store at Fair Haven for a time, then spent a year in 
the West. Returning he followed the sea for six years, since which 
time he has been engaged in farming. He has held the offices of 
assessor, selectman, etc., and in 1869 was elected to the legislature. 
15 



242 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

He was captain of the East Haven militia four years. He married in 
1886 Sarah A., daughter of Roswell Bradley. Their children were: 
Ellen E., Sarah E., Theron B., Joseph I. and Cornelia M.; all living 
except Theron B. Mrs. Hotchkiss died in 1889. 

William S. Jones, born in Northford, Conn., in 1889, is a son of 
Edwin L., whose father John, was a son of Morris Jones, who was in 
the revolutionary war. They were farmers and residents of North 
Madison. John Jones married Marian Webber. Edwin L. married 
Emily, daughter of Luman Johnson. They had one son, William S. 
Jones. He resided in New Haven from 1864 to 1876, then came to 
East Haven. Augu.st 8th, 1862, he enlisted in the 14th Connecticut 
Regiment. He married in 1862 Ellen C, daughter of Richard and 
Lucretia (Moulthrop) Ru.ssell. 

Archibald A. Perkins was born in Bethany, Conn., in 1819. His 
father's name was Jesse, and he was a son of Archibald, who was 
a resident of Woodbridge (now included in Bethany) and kept a 
tavern on the New Haven and Waterbury Turnpike for over sixty 
years. He was a deacon in the Episcopal church of Bethany for many 
years. He was twice married, his first wife being a Miss Wooding 
and the second a Miss French. Their children were: Lybias, 
Archibald A., Jesse, Guy, James, Burr, Charles, Rebecca and Sarah. 
Archibald A., .son of Archibald, was a shoemaker and tanner by trade 
and was one of Bethany's prominent men. representing the town in 
the legislature several terms and was justice of the peace for many 
years. He was also prominent in the Masonic Order. Jesse Perkins 
was a joiner by trade. He married Charlotte Hotchkiss and their 
children were; Hiram, Maria, Celestia, Jesse D., Nancy, Noah H. and 
Archibald A. Archibald A. Perkins is a- brass and iron moulder by 
trade and for fourteen years was superintendent of the W. & B. 
Douglass Manufacturing Company of Middletown, Conn., after which 
he was superintendent of the brass foundry of J. B. Sargent & Co., 
of Xew Haven for nine years. He enlisted in Co. B., 2.")th Connecticut 
Infantry in 1862, and served thirteen months. He became a resident 
of East Haven about 18(;7. He married Malvina Andrews of Bristol 
in 1840. Their children were: Martha M.. born 1844, and Noah H., 
born 18.50. Martha M. married Lovell Jones. Their children are: 
Helen M., Jesse and Bertha. Mr. Perkins married for his .second 
wife Barbara Patrick. 

Jonathan N. Rowe was born in East Haven in 18r)9, and is a son 
of Robert, who was born in Lands End, England, and came to 
America about 182.5. He followed the sea for many years and for 
thirty years he ran between New Haven and New York as first mate 
on a steamer. He married Abbie A. Story. They had five sons and 
nine daughters. Jonathan N. engaged in the grocery trade in 1888. 
He was elected selectman of New Haven in 1890. He married 
Margary M. Kenty in 1888. They have one daughter, Margary S. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 243 

Frank M. Sperry, born in New Haven in 1850, is a son of Hosmer 
and grandson of Marcus, whose father Jacob was a .son of Lemuel 
Sperry. Jacob Sperry was a soldier in the revolutionary war. He 
married Sarah Perkins of Woodbridge. They went to Waterbury 
when young and six children were born to them there. Huldah, the 
eldest, married Noah Bronson. The next two, Marcus and vSally, 
were twins. Sally married Daniel Cook. Lydia married Gideon 
Piatt. Anson married Lois Upson. Charity married Clark Sperry. 
Anson vSperry was a cooper by trade and carried on that business 
in Waterbury for over forty years. He was a soldier in the war of 
1812 and was captain of the First Flank Company of the 22d Regi- 
ment Connecticut militia several years. Marcus Sperry married 
Rebekah, daughter of Samuel Carrington of Woodbridge. They had 
two sons: Edwin, born 1808, and Hosmer, born 1810. Jacob Sperry 
died in 1834, aged 80 years. Marcus, his son, died in 1811, aged 33 
years. Lemuel, the father of Jacob, was a soldier in the English 
army during the French war in Canada and died there at that time. 
Hosmer Sperry learned the joiner's trade and for forty years was 
engaged in stair building. He mai-ried Desire Smith, daughter of 
Captain Caleb and Elizabeth Chidsey of East Haven. Their children 
were: Minot, who died in infancy; Elbert H., born in 1843; Mary, 
Tjorn 1845; Frank M., born 1850, and Charles E., born 1852. The sons 
learned their father's business, Elbert H. becoming a partner of his 
father. In 1887 he engaged in the same business for himself. He 
married in 1871 Martha Jane Leavenworth. They had one child, 
Fannie G., born August 14th, J 876. Charles E. married in 1881 Mary 
E. Robinson. Their children are: Mary E., born 1882; Lulu F., born 
1884. Frank M. Sperry became a resident of East Haven in 1881, 
held the office of constable from 1885 to 1889, selectman in 1889 and 
1890, and in 1891 he was appointed deputy sheriff under C. A. Tom- 
linson. He is a member of Polar Star Lodge, I. O. O. F., of New 
Haven, and is secretary of the Foxon Grange. He married in 1871 
Nellie A., daughter of Albert Palmer of North Branford. They have 
■one son, Arthur Sperry. 

Asahel H. Thompson, born in East Haven in 1840, is a son of 
Samuel C, born 1806, he a son of Abraham, born 1772, he a son of 
Timothy, born 1727, he a son of John, born 1692, he a son of John, 
born 1667, he a son of John, who was a son of John, who was one of 
the signers of the colony constitution of New Haven in 1039. Timothy 
Thompson married Esther Perkins. John, his father, married Sarah 
Pardee. Abraham Thompson, son of Timothy, was a sea captain. 
He married Mary Smith in 1797. Their children were: Julia A., born 
1798; William, born 1801; Desire, born 1804; Samuel C, born 1806; 
Mary A., born 1808; Abraham, born 1810; Asahel, born 1813; Joseph, 
born 1816, and Sally, born 1820. Abraham died May 6th, 1848. Mary, 
his wife, born 1778, died 1855. Samuel C. Thompson was a seafaring 



244 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

man. For many years he ran a packet between New Haven and 
New York. He married Grace A. Hotchkiss in 1832. Tlieir children 
were: Samuel, Asahel H., Lyman and Theodore. Samuel married 
Eveline F. Andrews for his first wife. They had a daughter, Olive 
A. For his second wife he married Susan O. Russell. They have 
one daughter, Julia E. Asahel H. was married in 1865 to Mary A. 
M. Woodward. Their children are: Grace E., born in 1867; Charles 
W., born 1868, died 1869; William W., born 1874. Lyman C. married 
Julia L. Morris. They have one son, Morris L. Theodore Thompson 
married Ella S., daughter of Elizur Thomp.son. They have one 
daughter, Florence S. 

Elizur Thomp.son, born in East Haven in 1809, is a son of James, 
and grandson of Stephen, born 1723. He was a stone mason by trade, 
and was one of the building commitiee who built the stone church at 
East Haven; was one of the builders, fell, had his skull fractured, was 
trepanned and got well. He married Hannah Rowe. Stephen had 
a second wife, widow Mary Baldwin. She was the mother of James. 
The father of Stephen was John, born 1692, son of John, born 1667, 
he a son of John and he a son of John. James, the father of Elizur, 
married Lydia Chidsey. Their children were: Stephen, Hilary, 
Leonard, Nathaniel, Henry, Elizur, James, Abraham C, Abraham, 
Edward E. and Haynes H. Elizur Thompson learned the tailor's 
trade but soon after engaged in the grocery business in New Haven, 
with his brother vStephen, which they carried on for several years; 
afterward was so engaged in East Haven. In 1861 he was appointed 
, superintendent of the New Haven Light, and with the exception of 
two years was in charge of the same until 1877, when he resigned and 
his son Henry C. Thompson was appointed in his place and has since 
held the position. Since 1877 Mr. Thompson has had charge of the 
signal station at Morris Cove. He married in 1830 Elizabeth M., 
daughter of Leverett Bradley of East Haven. Their children were: 
Leonard, born 183]; Henry C, born 1833; Hemingway H., born 1835; 
Antoinette, born 1839; Jason D., born 1841; Sidney, born 1844; George, 
1846; Stephen E., born 1849; and Ella S., born 1851. Leonard mar- 
ried vSusan, daughter of Daniel Thompson. He was in New Orleans 
at the openmg of the war and was never heard of after that time. 
Henry C. married Lucretia Buttrick. Hemingway H. is supposed to 
have been lost at sea. Antoinette married Lyman Granniss. Jason 
D. married Harriett Arison. Sidney married Emily Craig. George 
married Fannie Hunt. Ella S. married Theodore, son of Samuel 
Thompson. Elizabeth M. Thompson died December 9th, 1871, and 
in 1877 Mr. Thomp.son married Mrs. Ellen Pierce. Three of his 
children .served in the Union Army through the rebellion and were 
honorably discharged, viz.: Jason, enlisted for three months, reenlisted 
in Connecticut Cavalry, was captam, served under General Custer; 
Sidney and George, served as privates. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 245 



s a 



Henry J. H. Thompson, born in East Haven July 5th, 1832. i_ 
son of Albert I., he a son of Joel, born 17G4, he a son of Samuel, born 
1737, he a son of Samuel, born 1704, he a son of John, born 1667, he a 
son of John, and he a son of John. John second, married Pri'scilla 
Powel in 1666. Samuel, son of John third, married Hannah Heming- 
way. Samuel, their son, married Desire Moulthrop in 1759. Joel, 
their son, married Lois Chidsey in 1782. Albert I., their son, married 
Jane B., daughter of Harmon Byington in 1831. They had one son, 
Henry J. H. Thompson. He is a joiner by trade and was a contractor 
and builder for many years. He enlisted in the 9th Regiment Con- 
necticut Infantry as drum major, but being taken sick did not serve 
in that regiment. He enlisted in 1862 in the 15th Connecticut 
Infantry and served until the close of the war. He was promoted to 
corporal. He is a member of Admiral Foote Po.st, G. A. R.; Polar 
Star Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Fair Haven; Golden Rule Encampment, 
No. 24, of New Haven; the Veteran Firemen of New Haven and the 
Foxon Grange and Pomona Grange. He married in 1856 Lucretia 
E., daughter of David Cooper of North Haven. They have one son, 
Ellsworth H. Thompson, born July 4th, 1866. 

John Woodward Thompson, born in East Haven in 1833, is a son 
of James and Laura Woodward Thompson. His grandfather, James 
Thompson, was a son of Stephen, who was a descendant of John 
Thompson, who came from England at an early date and settled in 
East Haven in 1647. James Thompson, son of Stephen, was one of 
the prominent men of the town, and represented East Haven in the 
legislature eleven terms. He was also a captain in the Old Militia. 
James, his son, was in the legislature in 1857 and 1859, and was 
selectman several years. John Woodward Thompson was elected to 
the legislature in 1875. The children of James and Laura Woodward 
Thompson were: John Woodward, Eliza C, Emeline A. and James. 
John W. began life as an entry clerk in a New York dry goods house 
and later was engaged in the grocery trade in New Haven, retiring 
in 1871. He is a descendant of Reverend John Davenport, the 
founder of New Haven; of Reverend John Woodward, pastor of the 
church at Norwich, 1699; of Deacon John Chidsey and John Thompson. 
Ruel S. Thomp.son, born in New Haven in 1831, is a son of Ruel, 
he a son of Joel, born 1764, he a son of Samuel, born 1737, he a son 
of Samuel, born 1704, he a son of John, born 1667, he a son of John 
and he a son of John. John second married Priscilla Powel. Their 
son Samuel married Hannah Hemingway. Samuel, their son, mar- 
ried Desire Moulthrop, and Joel, their son, married Lois Chidsey. 
Their children were: Sarah, born 1783; Huldah, born 1785; Polly, 
1789; Anson, 1792; Horace, 1794; Nancy, 1796; Ruel, 1798; Lucy, 1800; 
Linda, 1802; William, 1805; Almira D., 1808; and Albert, 1811. Ruel 
Thompson married Lucy Sanford of North Haven. Their children 
were: Clarrissa, Nancy, Ruel S., Reumah A. and Lucy. Ruel S. 



246 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Thompson was assessor several years and with the exception of two- 
years has held the ofSce of selectman since 1879. He married in 1855 
Martha Noble of Portland, Maine. Their children are: Ruel N., born 
1858, and Eugene ,S., 1863. Ruel X. married Eva J. Schappa. He 
died in 1887. Eugene S. married in 1882, Eva J. Weisbarth. 

John Smith Tyler, born in East Haven December 2d, 1834, is a son 
of William, and grandson of John, who was a native of Branford.and 
a shoemaker by trade, carrying on an extensive business in that town. 
John Tyler was in the government service during the war of 1812. 
He settled in East Haven, and married there Mabel Bradley. Their 
children were: John, Ami, William and Jerusha Louisa. William 
was a shoemaker, having a shop just east of his residence on the 
main street, and also engaged in farming. He married Julia A., 
daughter of Abraham Thompson, who resided at South End, town of 
East Haven. The dwelling house in which William Tyler was born 
has always been the residence of John S., and is probably the oldest 
in the town. It has a leanto roof, which was common one hundred 
and fifty years ago, and is in good repair at the present time. Simeon 
Bradley was great-grandfather to John S.. and also lived in this house. 
The children of William Tyler were John S. and Harriet A., who 
died in 1852. John vS. was educated in the public schools, and in the 
select school, which was in the town hall, the instructor of which 
was a Mr. Potter, also at one time a Mr. Woolcott. He has always 
been engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was elected selectman on 
the republican ticket in 188(), and was reelected in 1SS7, '88, '89 and 
'90. In 1866 he married Jane E., daughter of Joseph Thompson. 
The children of this marriage were Willie J. and J. Alexis D., both 
deceased. 

(Gilbert Van Sickles was born in Milton, N. J., in 1845, and is a son 
of Augustus Van Sickles, who with his family settled in East Haven 
nearly forty years ago and was superintendent of the New Haven 
Chemical Company's works for many years. He married Hannah 
Ayres, and their children were: Margaret ()., Elizabeth, Gilbert, Alex- 
ander, Euphemia and Frederick. Margaret O. married David Ben- 
nett. Elizabeth married George Ward, Euphemia married Luke 
Haviland, Frederick married Lillian Forbes and Alexander married 
Ella Talmage. Gilbert Van Sickles enlisted in the 1st Connecticut 
Heavy Artillery in 1864, and served until the close of the war. He 
is a member of Admiral Foote Post, G. A. R., of New Haven. He 
married in 18G6 Alice E. Thompson. Their children are: Fannie H., 
Augustus, Theodore, Irving and Ra_\'mond. 

Edmund B. Woodward was born in 1859. The first of the family 
to settle in New Haven county was Reverend John Woodward, who 
graduated from Cambridge College in 1693. He a.ssisted in the 
council that compiled the Saybrook platform in 1708, and was admitted 
an inhabitant of New Haven in 1716. He married Sarah Ro.swell, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 247 

and had a son John, who married Mary Denison. They had a son 
Stephen, born 1758, who married Elizabeth Morris. William Wood- 
ward, born 1781, son of Stephen, was thrice married: first to Sarah 
Bradley, second to a Mrs. Davis and third to Nancy Thomp.son. 
Charles Woodward, son of William, married for his first wife Maria, 
daughter of Morris Hemingway. Their children were: William A., 
born 1841, married 1861, Lois Thompson; Anna M., who married 
Asahel H. Thompson; Charles E., born 1848, married Flora Hull, and 
John E. (deceased). Charles Woodward married for his second wife 
Laura A., daughter of William and Mehitable Richards. They had 
two children: Edmund B. and Lulu E. (decea.sed). Edmund B. mar- 
ried in 1883 Hattie S. Brigham. 



CHAPTER V. 



THE TOWN OF NORTH HAVEN. 



Bv Sheldon- B. Thorpe. 



Location and Description. — Settlement. — Early Religious Affairs. — Reverend 
Benjamin Trumbull. — Congregational Church. — St. John's (P. E.) Church. — 
Baptist Church at Montowese. — Clintonville Union Mission. — The Militia. — 
Cemeteries. — Education. — Incorporation of the Town. — Civil List. — Public 
Improvements. — Public Buildings. — The Bradley Library. — The Town Cen- 
tennial. — General Business Interests. — Villages. — Sabbath Day Houses. — 
Slaves. — Fishing Privileges. — Taverns. — Physicians. — North Haven in the 
Nation's Wars. — Biographical Sketches. 



THE town of North Haven lies within the tract purcha.sed of 
Momaitgin, the Indian saehetn, by the New Haven colonists in 
1638. Its boundaries are irregular, bttt mainly conform to the 
layout of March lOth, ITl/), at which time, by petition of its settlers, 
the mother town (New Haven) gave them permission to apply to the 
general assembly for erection into a separate parish, which prayer was 
o;ranted at the October session, 1716. Its length north and south, is 
about eight miles, and its greatest breadth not far from three. Its area, 
taken from its first grand list in 1786, is given as 8,348 acres; in 1890 
as 11,837 acres. The stirface is denominated as level. Two ridges of 
easy grade traverse its length and give variety to its contour. The 
westernmost is composed of a soft reddish gravel, terminating on the 
south at East Rock. The other, much the older, geologically con- 
sidered, is of igneous origin, with walls of trap rock markedly exposed 
on their eastern face. On this ridge, near the southern line, rises 
" Peter's Rock," or Rabbit Rock, notable for its steep escarpments 
and hexagonal columns of basalt. These latter are among the finest 
in the .state. 

Two rivers, the Ea.st and the Muddy, water its valleys, the latter 
uniting with the former at the historic locality of " Moiuauguin hill." 

Generally speaking the soil is light. The land is easily worked 
and the river bottoms and occa,sional areas on the hills yield abundant 
crops. Its poorest area is in the northern portion, where the soil has 
become utterly exhausted and patches of barren .sand are frequently 
.seen. The valley of the Ouinnipiac, formerly called the East river, 
is underlaid on either side by immen.se clay beds, from which large 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 249 

quantities of brick are manufactured. On the extreme .southern bor- 
der lies an extended marsh, once diked and yielding hundreds of tons 
of pa.ssable fodder, but now neglected and' of little value. Timber 
grows freely and of excellent quality. There are no minerals, with 
the possible exception of bog iron ore, once dug in considerable 
quantities. 

The first settler in North Haven was William Bradley, a reputed 
officer in Cromwell's army. He located on the ridge west of East 
river and above what is now known as Cedar hill. His dwelling 
house doubtless did not stand within the present town limits, but as 
a large portion of his farm lay north of the New Haven line, he is 
assumed as the first comer. This wasabout 1640. In 1660 Thomas Yale 
came from New Haven and located near the present i-esidence of Gen- 
eral E. D. S. Goodyear. With him came two of his sons, John and 
Nathaniel. They were the pioneers and in point of fact the actual 

settlers of North Haven. John Yale married Rebecca . 

Of their children David was born October Sth, 1699. He went to 
England in 1712, returned in 1718, and was made one of the first two 
deacons of the Congregational church, in that year, being then only 
19 years old. He received an honorary degree from Yale College in 
1724, and died in 1780. His onlv child, Martha, married Tames Todd, 
from whom descended Yale Todd, afterward a soldier m the revolu- 
tionary army and ancestor of many of the Todds in the town to-day. 
Nathaniel married Ruth Bishop of New Haven. 

At the death of their father the two sons succeeded to the paternal 
estate. Nathaniel kept the old place, while John set up near by for 
himself. The country above them, in 1660, was a wilderness, but the 
New Haven colonist was aggressive and slowly forced his way 
into it. In 1670 Jonathan Tuttle, Nathaniel Thorp, Ebenezer Blakeslee 
and John Humaston, all from New Haven, went on two miles above 
the Yales, crossed the river and located in and around the present vil- 
lage center. In the same year Daniel and Thomas Barns, Moses 
Brockett and Thomas Jacobs began a settlement at Muddy River, now 
called Montowese. These men were the fathers of North Haven. 
With the exception of Yale, their family names are the most numerous 
within our borders to-day. 

Other settlers followed. Land could be had almost for the asking. 
The East river was alive with fish, the woods with game. The Indians 
were not troublesome, the open country was easy of tillage, and its 
nearness to the city of New Haven made it desirable as a location. 
Notwithstanding this, the condition of the settlers was far from envia- 
ble. Their finst dwellings were log houses; raiment was of the coarsest 
quality, and all food plain and oftentimes not abundant. Social priv- 
ileges were scant; there was little of literature and less of the lighter 
accomplishments; they were there to fight the battle of life in the 



SoO HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

wilderness with the axe, the plough, the gun, rather than with the em- 
broidery needle, the piano, the palette. 

From 1670 to 171(5 this small nucleus received slow but eon.stant 
accessions. In all this time they were as much a part of New Haven 
as if they lived within the city limits. There they attended church, 
there tlrey voted, and there did military duty. Doctor Trumbull says 
frequently the women walked from North Haven to New Haven, in 
.some instances with a child in arms, attended two long services and 
returned." 

In 1716 the population of the parish comprised forty households. + 
In addition to the families named, had come the Sanfords, Batons, 
Coopers, Todds, Clarks, Bradleys and a few others. All told, the pop- 
ulation was between two hundred and three hundred. It was at the 
above date, as stated in the commencement, that they became embodied 
as the " North Parish." or " Northeast Parish " of New Haven. Un- 
der their new privileges their first meeting was held November 2d, 
17] 6, at which time the First Ecclesiastical Society was organized, 
with Nathaniel Yale moderator and Joseph [ves clerk. Mr. Ives held 
his position 14 years, or until his removal to Wallingford, in 1730. 
Their earliest business was to seek a place of worship, which was first 
established aL the house of Ebenezer Blakeslee, and later with Captain 
Joseph Ives. Two years before (1714) Reverend James Pierpont of 
New Haven had given "the neighbors" of the North Parish a plot 
of land (8 or 10 acres), "provided they would set their meeting 
house there and make their training and burying place there." 

This grant they accepted, and began the erection of a meeting- 
house on it late in 1717. It was a plain wooden structure, 30 by 40 
feet, without " steeple " or " terrett." and stood at the southwest cor- 
ner of the present old cemetery, or probably at the exact center of 
"The Green," Mr. Pierpont's grant. It was two stories in height, with 
a gallery on two sides. The furnishings were rude, and but one pew 
was built within it. Reverend James Wetmore, a graduate of the col- 
legiate school at Saybrook. Conn., came from Northfield, Mass.. to 
preach in the spring of 1717. He remained a little more than a year 
on trial, holding services during this time at the house of Ebenezer 
Blakeslee, and was accepted by the society and ordained as the first 
mini,ster, in ( )ctober, 1718. The society received permks.sion to embody 
itself in church estate May 8th. 1718. The meeting hou.se was not 
finished until 1722. 

Mr. Wetmore remained with his charge four years. In September, 
1722, he avowed his sympathy with the belief and practice of the 
Church of luigland, and was at once dismissed from the North Parish 
pulpit. He went to England for orders, returned and was settled over 
a little church at Rye, N. Y. 

Mr. Wctmore's successor was Reverend Isaac Stiles, a native of 

'•"Century sermon. fPresident Stiles. 



HISTORY UF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 251 

Windsor, Conn., who was ordained November 11th, 1724. His pastor- 
ate covered a period of 80 years, or until his death, May 14th, 1760. 
During his ministration the parish received its greatest impetus. A new 
meeting house 65 by 40 feet and second to no country structure in the 
state, was built in 1739, a little .south of the old site. New highways 
were laid out, bridges were built, commons cleared, boundaries defined, 
schools organized, better dwellings erected, and all the incipient ma- 
chinery of a town set in motion. Mr. Stiles died May 14th, 1760. His 
successor was Reverend Benjamin Trumbull, of Hebron, Conn., ordain- 
ed December 24th, 1760. He maintained a pastorate of 60 years, and 
died February 2d. 182i». He was eminently fitted to take up the work 
dropped by Mr. Stiles. A man of immense resource, of ceaseless 
energy, of strong convictions, an intense lover of his people and a 
devoted servant of God, he led his church safely through more than 
half a century, and left it a monument to perpetuate his memory. 

Doctor Trumbull was born December 19th, 1785. He graduated 
at Yale College in 1759, and was licensed to preach in 1760. It was in 
the summer of the latter year that he came to North Haven church, 
and November 14lh was ordained as its pastor. The following year 
he purchased a tract of land of Jo.seph Pierpont, and began the erec- 
tion of a dwelling house upon it. The old mansion is still standing 
and in excellent repair. It is the property of Hon. Ezra Stiles, who 
has occupied it something more than 60 years. As a historic point, 
there is none greater in the town. The great double doors were ever 
ajar. Over its threshold were ceaselessly trooping scores of bu.sy 
feet. Alinisters, messengers, committees, referees and strangers 
made it a religious caravansarv and rested in its shadow. Hither 
came during the revolutionary war aids and officers with despatches, 
and later eminent historians and theologists tarried within its walls. 

Following the outbreak at Lexington, Mass., April 19th. 1775, Gov- 
ernor Trumbull (relative of Reverend Benjamin) summoned the gen- 
eral assembly of Connecticut to take measures for the public safety. 
Six regiments of soldiers were ordered raised. Among the first to 
report was Colonel Wooster's. Of this command Reverend Mr. Trum- 
bull was appointed chaplain. It was sent to the "Northern Depart- 
ment " and returned at the expiration of its service in November. 
Early in 1776 Mr. Trumbull again received the appointment of chap- 
lain in Colonel Douglass' regiment, and was absent a'second campaign 
of six months. During this period he experienced continuous hard 
service. In January, 1777, the enemy appeared to be threatening the 
seaboard towns above New York city, and a sudden call was made for 
assistance. Mr. Trumbull responded at once, this time, however, as 
a captain, at the head of 60 men from Mt. Carmel and North Haven. 
The British attack, if such was contemplated, was frustrated, and 
Trumbull's command returned home late in the winter of that year. 

The revolutionary war over, Mr. Trumbull was invited by the gen- 



252 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

eral association of Connecticut, in 178;"), to compile a history of its 
events. He accepted the trust and began his labors. From year to 
year, as the association met, he reported the progress of his work, but 
it was slow, and not until 25 years after its beginning, or in 1810, was 
the first volume of his " History of the United States " issued from 
the press. The .second and third volumes were never completed. 
During -the compilation of this work he was also engaged upon a 
" History of Connecticut," the first volume of which was published at 
Hartford in 1707: the .second volume in 1818. Besides these publications 
were nearly a score of others relating to his ministerial work, such as 
sermons, discourses, addresses, etc. In 1790 Yale College worthily con- 
ferred the degree of D. IJ. upon him, an honor he esteemed and 
reflected credit upon. He died February 2d, 1820, and was buried in 
the old cemetery, within a stone's throw of his church and his home. 

Should it be said by the reader that unusual prominence has been 
given Messrs. Stiles and Trumbull, it will be answered that these two 
divines in the formative period of the town, more than all others, 
helped lay those foundations of morality, honor and godliness on 
which the reputation of the town to-day rests. The clergyman of the 
18th century builded better than he knew. 

Following Doctor Trumbull came Reverend W. J. Boardman, a 
native of Massachusetts. He was ordained September 3d, 1820, and 
resigned October 80th, 1833. Of his pastorate it may be said that 
during its continuance the church received its largest accession of 
members; in all, there being 280 admissions m the thirteen years of 
his service. 

Reverend Leverett Griggs of Tolland, Conn., succeeded Mr. 
Boardman. He was ordained October 30th, 1833, and dismissed 
at his request, July 30th, 1845. During his ministry the pre.sent 
Congregational church was erected. The second meeting house, 
which stood in the middle of the "green," and completed in 
August, 1741, was used until the summer of 183r). In 1750 a small 
bell, brought from England, was placed in a turret on the rear of the 
building. In 1800 a tall spire, costing i^210, was built to the house, 
and in it was placed a new bell, weighing 900 pounds. In the fall 
of 1834 the present meeting house, originally 45 by 62 feet, 
and built of brick, was begun, and dedicated Juh* 1st, 1835. In 
1871 the house was enlarged by extending the side walls \G^ feet 
and building an addition to the rear. At the same time the arched 
ceiling was removed and the interior of the house remodelled, includ- 
ing the fitting up of the basement room. The re-dedication of the 
house was put off until the spring of 1874, when, on account of the 
breaking of the church bell, it was postponed. A new bell was pro- 
cured, and November 18th. 1874, the meetinghouse, which had been 
improved at a cost of §14,000, was duly dedicated. It is now a 
spacious and well ordered place of worship. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 253 

After the retirement from the pastorate of the Reverend Leverett 
Griggs, D.D., in 1845, came the following ministers : Reverends 
Ira Smith, ordained February 10th, 1846, dismissed March 28th, 1848; 
Theron G. Colton, ordained September 25th, 1849, dismissed August 
26th, 1851; Silas W. Robbins, ordained June 16th, 1853, dismissed 
October 13th, 1856; Benjamin St. John Page, became acting pastor 
June 20th, 1857, retired July 1st, 1862, and died at Warren, Ohio, 
November 9th, 1868; Reverend William T. Reynolds became acting 
pastor April 1st, 1863, and was installed pastor April 29th, 1869. His 
ministry has since been successfully continued, the church at no 
time being more prosperous and united than in his pastorate. 
There are more than three hundred members, belonging to 185 
families. 

Among those who served in the office of deacon were the following: 
David Yale, chosen 1718; Samuel Ives, 1718; Samuel Todd, 1727; 
Moses Blakeslee, 1728; Thomas Cooper, 1740; Isaiah Tuttle, 1741; 
Jesse Todd, 1772; James Humaston, 1773; Solomon Tuttle, 1780; 
Titus Todd, 1787; Joshua Barnes, 1800; Eliada Sanford, 1800; Byard 
Barnes, 1824; Harvey Smith, 1824; Joseph Foote, 1835; Eleazer 
Warner, 1836; Anson Moody, 1838; Henry McNeil, 1854; Marcus 
Linsley, 1854; Frederick L. Barnes, 1857; Nathan W. Brown, 1857; 
Whitney Elliott, 1864; H. P. Shares, ; Cullen B. Foote, 1883. 

Whitney Elliott has been clerk of the church the past 20 years. 
The Sunday school has an average attendance of 267 and is 
one of the most prosperous in the county. 

St. John's Church, Protestant Episcopal, was organized early. 
Side by side with the establishment of the Congregational church in 
the parish, grew the Church of England. Its beginning dates 1722, its 
focal point was the house of Ebenezer Blakeslee, and its father was 
Reverend James Wetmore. Mr. Wetmore's defection uncovered a 
condition of things little suspected in this community. With his 
retirement from the pulpit went also six of his parishioners, who 
proved the germ of the fiiture Episcopal church, viz.: Ebenezer Blakes- 
lee, Thomas Ives, Simon Tuttle, Nathaniel Tuttle, Samuel Brockett, 
Lawrence Clinton. No mention is made in the ecclesiastical society 
records of the loss of these men and it is probable no action was taken. 
In 1723 Mr. Blakeslee opened his doors (as he had done in 1716), but 
this time for worship according to methods of the Church of England. 
There was no clergyman for them and the services probably were of a 
simple character. In 1740 the members of this persuasion in the towns 
of Cheshire, Wallingford and North Haven, met on the Monday after 
Easter and organized themselves under the name of " The Union 
Church." Wardens and vestrymen were chosen and the same year a 
small building about twelve feet square was erected at Wallingford in 
the " Pond Hill district." 

Religious services were maintained by the joint worshippers until 



254 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Wallingforcl withdrew in 1757, and North Haven in 1759. On April 
24th of the latter year St. John's parish was formally organized. 
Application was made by its members to the First Ecclesiastical 
Society for permission to put tip a church building and they declared 
on December ISth, " We were willing that those that profest to the 
Church of England should set a church or House for Publick Worship 
on the northeast corner of the Green." A building 38 by 30 feet was 
begun at once and dedicated by Reverend Ebenezer Punderson, 
December 27th, 1761. This was a wooden structure, without 
steeple or porch. It had no furniture of any description, nor was 
any used until years afterward. Mr. Punderson officiated as its 
minister a portion of the time, until his transference to Rye, N. Y., 
on the death of Reverend James Wetmore. The Reverend Samuel 
Andrews succeeded Mr. Punderson and divided his labors among the 
parishes of North Haven, Wallingford and Cheshire. What Reverend 
Mr. Trumbull was to the Congregational church, Mr. Andrews was to 
the Church of England. A graduate of Yale College, a man of 
estimable character and a zealous worker, he really became the estab- 
lisher of Episcopacy in the surrounding communities. During the 
revolutionary war he was a staunch loyalist, and this attitude caused 
him and his church some inconvenience. Popular feeling ran bitter 
against him especially in Wallingford. nor was the North Haven 
church without signs of dissatisfaction at his course. He resigned his 
labors in 1785, removing to New Brunswick, N. S., where he ended 
his days in 1820. 

This church found no successor for him until 17U0, when they 
secured Edward Blakeslee, son of Abraham Blakeslee, a native of the 
town and a graduate of Yale College. He was entrusted with the 
three parishes of Northford, Hamden and North Haven. At this time 
the enrolled male membership of the latter church was 75. Mr. 
Blakeslee remained until the close of 17U2, and then went to Derby, 
Conn. In 1793 the pulpit was occasionally supplied by Solomon 
Blakeslee, son of Zophar Blakeslee. also a native of the town. Rev- 
erend Samuel Andrews, who had returned from New Brunswick on a 
visit to Wallingford, also assisted. Mr. Blakeslee was called to New 
London and the people were again shepherdless. In the following 
thirty years Reverends David Butler, Reuben Ives,Tillotson Bronson, 
Manoah Miles, Elizur Plumb, Nathan Burgess, Asa Cornwall, Jasper 
Davis and Origen P. Holcomb officiated at different times. The 
church had a hard struggle. In 1820 there were but 41 Episcopal 
families in the town and 27 communicants. 

The following is the succession of ministers in this church from 
1822 to 18!)1: 1822-3, Reverend John M. Garfield; 1823-7, Jo.seph 
Perry; 1827-32, Ashbael Baldwin;" 1832-6. Charles W. Bradley; 1836, 
Robert Shaw; 1836-8, John W. Woodward, 1838-9, A. B. Chapin; 
1839 41, S. Stocking; 1841 3, A. B. Chapin; 1843-6, Henry Fitch; 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 255 

184(3-9, C. W. Everest; 1849-51, S. B. Paddock; 1851-2, Frederick Sill; 
1852-5, A. G. Shears; 1855-7, Seth Davis; 1857-8, Joseph Scott; 1858 
60, C. C. Barclay; 1860-3, Enoch Huntington; 1863-6, Arthur Mason; 
1866-8, S. P. Simpson; 1868-9, J. E. Wildman; 1869-77, E. L Whit- 
come; 1877-80, John Coleman; 1880 to date, William Lusk, Jr. 

A list of the wardens is also submitted: 1821-30, Isaac Stiles and 
Philemon Blakeslee; 1830-3, Elisaaph Hull and Isaac Stiles; 1834-9, 
Isaac .Stiles and Evelyn Blakeslee; 1840-1, Dr. C. B. Foote and Evelyn 
Blakeslee; 1841-2, Evelyn Blakeslee and Isaac Stiles; 1843-4, Evelyn 
Blakeslee and Stephen C. Gilbert; 1845-81, Evelyn Blakeslee and Ezra 
Stiles; 1882-3, Ezra Stiles and Evelyn Blakeslee; 1883-4, Ezra Stiles 
and Bennett Todd; 1884-5, Isaac L. Stiles and Bennett Todd; 1885-91, 
Isaac L. Stiles and Joseph Pierpont. 

Mr. Evelyn Blakeslee was made warden fifty years in succession. 
Honorable Ezra Stiles was elected parish clerk thirty-two years in 
succession. 

In the ministry of Reverend Charles W. Bradley, from 1832 to 
1836, the present church was erected. The corner stone was laid by 
him June 12th, 1834. It is a good brick structure, with 300 sittings, 
and has a beautiful location. On the site of the old church, near by, 
is a fine brick rectory. The parish contains 103 families and the 
whole num.ber of individuals is 400. There are more than 150 com- 
municants. The aft'airs of the parish under the direction of the 
present rector. Reverend William Lusk, Jr., are in flourishing condi- 
tion, and the usefulness of the church is yearly being extended. 

The Baptist Church at Montowese dates its existence from June 
12th, 1811. Its germ had been gathering for some years previous 
partly from the religious sect known as " Separatists," and 
partly from the strictly orthodox belief. At this date of organization 
it comprised twenty-three members. Reverend Joshua Bradley became 
its first preacher; he remained three years and increased his flock to 
seventy members. The early services of this church were held for 
eighteen months or more at private houses. The first meeting house 
erected in 1812 on the " Muddy River Green" was 45 by 35 feet, 
a plain wooden building, and cost not far from $2,000. From 
the departure of Mr. Bradley in 1814, to December, 1817, the people 
depended upon " supply preaching." In the latter year they ordained 
Reverend Oliver Wilson, who remained until 1825. It 1831 Reverend 
Ira Bentley came among them. He proved to be a man of power and 
. a second religious awakening strengthened the little band. In this 
year their .Sabbath school was also organized. In July, 1835, Reverend 
Truman O. Judd was ordained over them. He remained nearly four 
years and was dismissed at his request. Through his efforts the 
present parsonage was built. 

Following him came in turn: Reverends John Noy, 1839; Harmon 
Ellis, 1840; E. T. Winter, N. Whiting, Charles W. Potter, 1847. This 



250 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

latter gentleman remained four and a half years and was instrumental 
in the erection of the present church edifice. The first building of 
wood, cheap, unattractive in style and unsuited to the wants of the 
worshippers, was superseded by one of brick at a cost of about $4,000. 

Mr. Potter resigned in 18o2, and was succeeded bv Reverend 
Truman Judd, who remained until 1862. Following him came: Rev- 
erends vSolomon Gale, E. J. Ganan, J. M. Lyon, A. H. Simons, 3867. 
At this time the church had assumed a strong membership and 
though possessing few or no men of wealth, more than held its 
own among the country churches of its belief. Mr. Simons re- 
mained until April, 1874, and then resigned the pastorate. He was 
succeeded by Reverend Henry G. Smith, ordained June 11th, 
1875, and dismissed March, 1877. The Reverend Otis Saxton came 
next, but remained only a few months. In June, 1878, Reverend 
William Gussman was made pastor, serving until November, 1880. 
The next regular preacher was Reverend E. S. Hill, 1882. After him 
came Reverend W. R. Terry, 1885-7, when upon his retirementan invi- 
tation was extended to Reverend A. H. vSimons to again assume the 
pastorate. This he did May 1st, 1887, and is the present incumbent. 

The following gentlemen have served this church as deacons: Jesse 
Brockett, Ward Johnson, Benjamin Baldwin, Lewis Bates, Hervey 
Sackett, Linus Barnes, William P. Todd. There have been added to 
the church 418 members, 1811-1801, the present number being about 
80. The church is valued at §8,000. and the parsonage at $1,500. 
John L. Larkin is the church clerk. A Sunday school of about 100 
members is a useful moral agent in that part of the town. 

Clinton ville Union Mission is a voluntary association of the citizens 
in and near the hamlet of Clintonville, organized in the spring of 1889. 
There were 80 contributing members. A building 24 by 32 feet was 
erected by them in the summer of that year at a cost of about $1,000. 
Its character is pureh' undenominational, Congregationalists, Episco- 
palians, Baptists, and many without church connection of any kind 
joining m its support. Sunday evening service is regularly main- 
tained with attendance of from 70 to 100. Its business affairs are 
managed by an executive committee elected annually. 

Having provided for the means of spiritual defense m the 
settlement by the organization of the ecclesiastical society, the 
parish next turned its attention to the formation of a militia company 
for the protection of its material interests. This movement assumed 
shape in 1718. Joseph Ives was chosen captain, John Grannis, lieu- 
tenant, and Samuel Ives, ensign. No muster roll of its rank and file 
exists. The following gentlemen have served as commanding officers 
of this anciently organized company: Joseph Ives, 1718; John Grannis, 
1733; John Sanford, 1736; Andrew Tuttle, 1737; Samuel Barnes, 1742; 
vSamuel Sackett, 1744; Theophilus Goodyear, 1749; Jason Bradley, 
1741); Gershom Barnes, 1753; Daniel Ives, 1759; James Heaton, 1760; 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 257 

Joseph Pierpont, 1764; Abraham Blakeslee, 1770; Ezra Tuttle, 1772; 
Noah Ives, 1776; Jacob Brockett, 1778; Jonathan Dayton, 1770; Ben- 
jamin Brooks, 1780; Lawrence Clinton, 1781; Allen Cooper, 1782; 
Joshua Barnes, 1782; Timothy Andrews, 1786; Levi Ray, 1787; Joshua 
Barnes, Jr.. 1787; Gideon Todd, 1787; George Todd, 1788; Joseph 
Brockett, 1790; James Ives, 1791; vStephen Monson, 1792; Hezekiah 
Bassett, 1793; Thomas Ives, 1793; John Frost, 1795; Peter Eastman, 
1799; Lemuel Brooks, 1800; Benajah Tuttle, 1801; Philemon Blakeslee, 
1801; Jacob Bassett, 1805; Isaac C. Stiles, 1806; Ithimar Tuttle, 1807; 
Nathan Marks, 1808; Seba Thorpe, 1810; John Beach, 1811; Jesse 
Brockett, 1815; Leonard Ives, 1816; John Frost, 2d, 1829; Elizur C. 
Tuttle, Rufus Pierpont, Willis Churchill (Independent Company), 1888; 
Peter Van Houten, 1840; Justin Marks, 1843; Henry H. Stiles, 1845; 
Bennett Todd, 1849. 

About the time of the revolutionary war a second military com- 
pany was organized, compo.sed mainly of men living on the west side 
of the Ouinnipiac river. Hence arose the term " Westsiders " and 
" Eastsiders," in militia parlance, and hence grew also considerable 
friction between these rival bodies. At their annual musters each 
company remained within its own jurisdiction in the forenoon, but in 
the afternoon their forces were generally united for •' battalion drill " 
either on the old green or in .some adjoining field. As late as 1812 
the Congregational meeting house was frequently used for a drill 
room in stormy weather. The Independent Company (North Haven 
Blues, 1838) grew out of dissatisfaction with Captain E. C. Tuttle, as 
commandant of the local forces which a few years before had been 
united again in one compan3\ 

The last parade was made September 26th, 1851, at which time 
only three officers and eight privates reported for duty. The arms 
were returned to state headquarters, and thus terminated its existence. 
But its spirit was transmitted. A careful study discloses the curious 
fact that the "Wide Awakes" of 1860 were mainly the children of 
those who once bore arms in its ranks, and further that more than 
sixty per cent, of the latter politico-military organization enlisted in 
the war for the suppression of the rebellion. 

The third main event in order after settlement of the parish 
was the laying out of the burying ground. By the conditions 
of the grant of Reverend James Pierpont it must be established 
upon the meeting house green. Its place was designated by vote of 
the society in 1720. The oldest recorded date on any stone within its 
borders is 1723 (Joel Cooper). The last interment was in 1882 (Elvira 
Cooper). Hither for a little more than a hundred years, or until 1835, 
were brought the dead of the community. In the latter year the 
present cemetery was laid out, and though an occasional burial took 
place in the old enclosure, it was practically abandoned. So many had 
been buried within it that it had become absolutely impossible to open 
16 



258 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

a grave without uncovering the dust of some sleeper. The settlers at 
Muddy river had established a burying ground in their vicinity a score 
of years before this in question, the earliest date there being 1700. 
This makes it probable that in the early settlement of the parish, the 
people at the center buried their dead at Xew Haven. On no other 
ground can the late date of 1720 be explained. 

There is no mention made that it was even enclosed until 1774, 
when "certain gentlemen" were given permission by the ecclesias- 
tical society to erect a fence at their own expense. This latter con- 
cession with a single exception appears to have been the sum total of 
the society's concern about it for 170 years or until 1800, when upon 
the occasion of an attempted renovation of the long neglected place, 
it got itself into a great passion over the alleged desecration of the 
briar strangled graves. Since 1822 the town has assumed the cost of 
its few repairs. Originally it was enclosed by a plain unpainted wooden 
fence. In 1856 a stone and iron fence was erected at a cost of about 
$800, of which amount the ecclesiastical society granted $100, the 
town $300, and the balance came from private sources. 

On the ancient sandstones in this cemetery there are three distinct 
types of cutting. From 1723 to 1750 winged faces are frequent, but 
the sculptor's conception of them is hideous. The head is a veritable 
deaths head, fieshless and sightle.ss; the neck is unduly prolonged and 
the wings coarse and clumsy. Foot stones are not common in this 
period, and when found are from eight to ten feet in rear of the head 
stone. Nathaniel Thorp had the first in 1725. The oldest epitaph is 
recorded on the stone erected for Mr. Moses Clark. He " dyed Aug ye 
21, 1736." 

Reder stop your space & stay 

& harken unto what I say, 
Our lives but cobwebs tho' near so gaj-, 

And death ye broum ye sweeps away. 

His wife, Dinah, survived him fifteen years and " Dyed Oct ye 2d, 
1751." To allay all doubt in after years, concerning her station in 
life, it is asserted both on her head and foot stones that she was " once 
ye wife of Mr. Mo.ses Clark." Iler epitaph is similar to others in this 
yard: 

On this grave stone my name is red, 

You are ahve but I am dead, 
In a short space of preaciotis time 

Tlieay will read your name as well as mine. 

The second period of stonecutting occurs between 1750 and 1800. 
The work dunng this half century was done by one Miller of Middle- 
field, Conn. He quarried the stones from his own farm and brought 
them to North Haven on .sleds during the winter season. His stock 
was kept under the oak trees on the hill. Miller was an artist. Few 
country cemeteries can produce "winged heads" and "borders," 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 259 

'comparable with his. The poise of the face, the lines of the eye, the 
sweep of the wings, are in some cases so singularly drawn that they 
reveal that indefinable sphinx like gaze common in old Egyptian 
cuttings. 

Marble was introduced about the year 1800, and also at this date 
occurs the third type of ornamentation. New designers entered the 
field and drooping and broken willows shading mortuary urns of 
impossible construction supplanted the winged emblem of immortality. 
The change was not a happy one although it prevailed for forty years. 
From 1750 to 1820 was the age of the epitaph in this church yard. 
Saint and sinner alike during this period invoked the chisel's aid to 
express sentiments, the wonder and puzzle of men and angels. Not- 
withstanding all, this ancient yard is an historic spot. To the North 
Haven people " names that were not born to die " are found here. 
Stiles, Trumbull, Pierpont, Foot, yea and a hundred others to whom 
we owe our birthright to-day, make it all " hallowed ground." 

The present cemetery was laid out in 1841, and the first burial 
within it was a child of Zophar Blakeslee, who died May 21.st of that 
year. Formerly the entrance was at the north end. Later its area 
was enlarged and a handsome gateway erected on the east side. At 
the present rate of occupation less than another fifty j-ears will 
demand still a third location. 

At an ecclesiastical society meeting held December, 1720, it was 
" Agreed on by ye society that ye school shall be kept at four places. 
First, that it be kept on ye east side New Haven East river, below 
Muddy river — secondly, that it be kept on the west side East river, 
below ye Pine bridge— thirdly, from ye Pine bridge upward to ye 
Blew Hills — fourthly, on ye east side East river and northward of 
Muddy river." These were the four original districts of the parish. 
The present number is eight. 

It is not probable that school buildings were erected at the date 
above mentioned. There is no mention of the appointment of school 
officials and we grope along to 17,'50 before definite action appears. At 
this time a "committee to manage school affairs," consisting of Ser- 
geant Ebenezer Frost, Deacon Isaiah Tuttle, Captain Sackett and Cap- 
tain Barnes was chosen. A two penny rate on the pound was laid. In 
1763 the system was revised and a new division of the districts ordered. 
Frequent as it was in the colony to plant a school house under the 
eaves of the meeting house, this cu.stom had not obtained in the North 
Haven parish, for it was not until the latter year that they " voted 
that a school house might be set on the market place, built by par- 
ticular men." This building stood a few rods north or northeast from 
the meeting hou.se and remained well within the present century. It 
was adorned with the usual collection of autographs of its pupils 
■common to that day. 



260 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The ecclesiastical society continued to appoint the school com' 
mittees down to 1796. In that year a school society was formed for 
the separate maintenance of educational privileges. Eight districts 
had been previously organized and each was supervised by a com- 
mittee man. Two years later (1798) the first board of school visitors 
was appointed. In 1820 a local commission re-arranged the boundaries 
of some of the districts, .substantially the same as to-day. In 1841 the 
Fifth district began to decline in point of numbers. It is now prac- 
tically abolished. The first public examination of candidates for 
teachers was held in 1850. In 1855 the school society came to an end 
and the powers heretofore vested in it were transferred to the districts. 
The latter plan has remained in force to the present day. The various 
buildings are in good order and well supplied with the modern helps 
to education. The most notable instance of progress has occurred m 
the Fourth district (Center) when the old red school house alluded to 
above as " built by particular men " was demolished. Its successor 
was a small brick structure now standing a few feet south of the 
Congregational church. For years it furnished ample accommoda- 
tions but as the district increased following the war, it became out- 
grown. A later attempt to provide more suitable quarters was 
vigorously opposed by the conservative element and killed. It 
was not until the board of education threatened to withold the public 
funds that the district was brought to terms. A lot was purchased 
at a considerable sum and the matter rested again. 

In 1887 it was resolved to open the struggle once more and force 
it to an issue. The chief opponent was now dead, the large enu- 
meration of the school children was an unanswerable argument, and by 
degrees former objections became overcome. A building committee 
was chosen as follows: Maltby Fowler, Edward L. Linsley, Sheldon 
B. Thorpe. Solomon F. Linsley, F. Hayden Todd. The sum of $8,000 
was appropriated and the committee authorized to commence at once. 
The building was designed for four departments and a capacity of 
200 pupils. It was completed in the summer of 1888, at a total cost of 
$8,640, and opened for use in the fall of that year. Additional features 
and improvements have raised its outlay to near $6,000. Three 
departments, with considerably over one hundred pupils, are main- 
tained in it with all the features of a graded school. 

The town was not without its academy in the days when such 
institutions were common. Among the teachers of this higher .school, 
were: Luzerne Ray; William Hartley, 18;!2; Reverend Orson Cowles, 
1885-6; Reverend Samuel Noyes, 1837-8; Reverend Ammi Lin.sley; 
Oswin Hart Doolittle. 1845; Henry D. Smith, 1846-7; Leander Cook; 
Sereno Smith; F. C. Selden; Reverend Mr. Baldwin. About 1850 a new 
brick-academy was built. In this, Messrs. Dodge, Dimock, Lin.sley, 
Niles, Tucker, Little and others taught until the patronage was in- 
sufficient to sustain it longfer. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 261 

In 1781, the parish, following the example of similar bodies in the 
state, made an attempt to secure incorporation as a town. A futile 
trial had been made 22 3'ears before, but was rejected by the 
general assembly. It was in contemplation at this time to unite 
the parishes of Mount Carmel and North Haven. The mother 
town of New Haven, beginning to feel the burden of caring for 
her distant possessions, was somewhat clamorous for separation. 
Altogether it seemed an opportune time, and February 1st, 1781, 
at an ecclesiastical society meeting a committee was chosen to 
confer with jMount Carmel. In December of that year, also at 
New Haven, a committee was raised to prepare a plan for the 
division of the town. This latter committee reported January 6th, 
1782, "that the parishes of North Haven and Alount Carmel be made 
into a separate and distinct town." The two parishes endorsed the 
report a few days later, a memorial to the general assembl}^ was pre- 
pared and presented at the following May session, but for some reason 
the plan was negatived. 

They waited four years and in February, 1785, resolved to attempt 
it again on the same plan as before, but with the added determination 
that if neither Mount Carmel or Northford parishes would join with 
them, they would fight it out alone. On the latter basis they went to 
Hartford at the May session, 1786, by Thomas Mansfield, their agent. 
The petition was referred to the fall session and then granted October, 
1786. 

The charter directed that the first town meeting should be held on 
the second Tuesday of November at the meeting house, where such 
officers as were required by law were to be chosen. It appears that 
these appointees were but temporary and for the purpose of providing 
for a second town meeting in the following month of December, 
which was thereafter to be the date of the annual meeting. 

The first selectmen were Joseph Bradley, Ephraim Humaston and 
Samuel Mix. The first town clerk was Joseph Pierpont, and the first 
tax collector, Elias Beach. The total valuation of the first grand list 
was £1,941, 4s. 2d. The amount of the first tax laid was .^171, 2s. lOd. 

The following table shows the prosperity of the town by decades: 

Years. 
1786 
IT'.m 
1800 
1816 
1826 
1836 
1846 
1856 
1866 
1876 
1886 
1890 



Acres. 


Valuation U>r Taxatitm, 


8,848 


$7,947 00 


9,515 


31,074 24 


10,816 


21,920 70 


11,350 


30,975 28 


11,293 


17,363 89 


11,636 


19,434 04 


11,389 


17,851 44 


11,730 


20,807 65 


11,800 


722,-355 00 


11,620 


801,829 00 




792,840 00 



262 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

It will be seen from the above that the standard of value fluctuated 
to a wide degree during the above hundred vears. 

Directly following incorporation came the division of the personal 
estate owned in common with New Haven. Roads, bridges, town 
poor, taxes, etc., had to be adjusted. In all this, Joseph Pierpont was 
the leading spirit and the conservator of the new town's interests. 
He was the first representative to the general assembly in 1787, and 
continued for six terms thereafter. 

Under their new powers the people took on fresh life and enthu- 
siasm. All through the state towns were springing up and a 
certain rivalry existed among them to be well up on the front line. 
By the separation, taxes were reduced, greater privileges were secured, 
the interests of the land holders better conserved and a feeling of 
hopefulness and buoyancy was general throughout the community. 

The town records prior to IS.").") have been burned. Since that time 
the town clerks have been: 1856-7, Ezra Stiles; 1858-61, Nathan 
W. Brown; 1862-8, Stephen C. Gilbert; 1864, Isaac L. Stiles; 1865, 
Sheldon B. Thorpe; 1866-9, Nathan W. Brown; 1870-9, Stephen C. 
Ciilbert; 1880-4, Edward L. Linsley; 1885-90, L. Peet Tuttle. 

In the same period the first selectmen have been: 1856-7, Evelyn 
Blal-.eslee; 1858, Jared Bassett; 1859-60, Elihu J. Dickerman; 1861, Henry 
H. Stiles; 1862-3, Elizur C. Tuttle; 1864-5, Whitney Elliott; 1866-9, 
Henry H. Stiles; 1870, Elizur C. Tuttle; 1871-80, Andrew F. Austin; 
1881-4, Cvrus Cheney; 1885-6, R. T. Linsley; 1887, Whitney Elliott: 
1888, R. T. Linsley. 

There has not been shown a marked disposition by the people to 
beautify in a public manner any part of the town. The attempt occa- 
sionally made in communities to make some central point, usually the 
" village green," the object of especial attention was never imitated 
here. The "North Parish Green " was donated to " the neighbors " 
by Reverend James Pierpont, of New Haven, in 1714; in quantity it 
contained as the will says "8 or 10 acres." It is more than probable 
it was heavily wooded at that time, the ancient oaks still remaining 
on its highest part offering presumptive evidence to that effect. With 
the exception of clearing it and on one occasion rectifying its bounds, 
nothing was done to enhance its condition from the date of its gift to 
the year 1880, a period of 166 years. 

Perhaps one reason for this neglect lay in the disputed ownership 
of the tract, the First Ecclesia.stical Society and the town both claim- 
ing it. The space is too limited to admit the arguments each body 
adduced to prove its title. In its imsettled condition nothing was 
done — it was in sooth a " public common," a sunken highway trav- 
ersed its length diagonally and its surface was cut and furrowed in 
innumerable directions. Barren areas of sand showed here and 
there and it was a hissing and a by-word to the surrounding com- 
munities. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 263 

Despairing of its condition ever being bettered, a few of the 
citizens living in thie near vicinity, willing to concede its oversight 
to the First Ecclesiastical Society, petitioned that body for a commis- 
sion to be raised to improve the public green. A special meeting was 
called December 20th, 1880, at which time a committee of five was 
chosen for the above purpose with the privilege of beginning work 
when the sum of SoOO had been raised to the satisfaction of the 
society's committee. The committee was made up as follows: Deacon 
Whitney Elliott, Sheldon B. Thorpe, Cullen B. Foote, Edward L. 
Linsley, John F. Barnes. Elliott resigned and Charles B. Smith 
was chosen to succeed him. The committee then organized with 
Thorpe as president, Lin.sley, secretary, and Foote, as treasurer. 
An appeal for funds was made and within sixty days something over 
$700 was secured. Work was begun; highways around the tract were 
laid out, trees were planted, the surface graded and temporarily 
enclosed, fertilizers were applied with scores of loads of clay, soil and 
ashes, and the entire area underwent a wholesome change. 

The extensive improvements, particularly in the drainage and 
highway work, which the town should have done at its own expense, 
made large inroads on the treasury. Local jealousies sprang up over 
the contested ownership as stated, and the funds dwindled. The 
work came to a standstill in 1888, and has not since been resumed. 
Enough improvement is apparent, however, to warrant the expenditure 
of the sum named. Should at any time the contemplated plan be 
carried out the result will be a country park second to none in the 
county. 

Previous to 1886 the town owned no public building. Its business 
had been transacted at the Academy Hall, as has been said, for about 
35 years, and previous to that at any convenient place. In 1885 the 
Veteran vSoldiers Association conceived that the time had arrived for 
the erection of a monument to their deceased comrades. Application 
was made to the town for an appropriation of one and one-half mills 
on the dollar, as provided by statute, on the grand list (a sum amount- 
ing to about $1,200), for .such purpose. This request was unanimously 
granted. Two thousand dollars was named as a suitable sum to raise 
and the veterans set themselves at work at once to secure it. This 
was in October, 1885. Opposition sprang up in an unexpected quarter 
from certain citizens, and a special town meeting was called early in 
November to repeal the former appropriation. The meeting failed 
of its object and the canvass went on during the winter. By spring 
it was seen the entire amount would be secured and the long dream 
of the veterans find its fulfillment. The opposition was again 
renewed, this time in the guise of a public building needed by the 
town. This project found favor in various directions and a second 
town meeting was called in February, 1886, for the repeal of the grant 
of 1885. The .scheme succeeded. The appropriation was withdrawn 



264 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



fron. the veterans' plan and transferred to a project for a Memorial 
Hall to be erected at an expense not exceeding $.),() 0. 

The action of this meeting was final, and the budding soon com- 
menced. A committee of nine superintended its instruction. 
It was built from plans mainly prepared by Solomon F. Lmsle^ 
a local carpenter. Ornamental attractions were held in little 
favor, the design being to provide for space rather than effect. The 
first floor IS devoted to the Bradley Libi^r^^ and the various town 
offices The second floor is used entirely for a public hall. Ihe 
buildino- was erected and furnished af an expense of something over 
S8 ^^ Externally the words " 1886, Memorial Hall," and internally 

a marble slab beanng the names of those who fell during the civil 
war are all that indicate its memorial purpose. 

The Bradley Library Association is a chartered institution undei 
the 1 awf of the state.' It grew out of the legacy of Sl-000 from 
Honorable S. Leverrius Bradley, of Auburn, N. Y., a native of North 
Haven It was incorporated March 19th. 1884. Its rooms at first 
were at the house of Doctor Austin Lord, and until the completioir o 
Memorial Hall. By the most careful economy it has been made 
a m's self sustaining and has attained at the present time qmte 
reputable dimensions. Upwards of 2,000 volumes are - --f -- 
Its rooms are open two afternoons and evenings per week A small 
fee is charged for membership, also for transient books dia^n 
By a recent kgacy of the widow of Mr. Bradley, its founder, another 
$1,000 will be available in 1892. 

An event in which the town was specially interested was the 1 X.th 
anniversary of its incorporation, which °^^"^-^^^^^0^\°?f,^ .'Jf^J'f i 
The main features of this occasion were "an Old tolks concert, 
^ -Loan Exhibition," procession of the trades of the town, free 
dinner, public addres.ses, band concert and fireworks in the evening. 
The interest was something phenomenal. The entries for the loan 
exhibition rose to nearly one thousand, and three thousand persons 

were provided with dinner. 

A synopsis of the interests of the town, compiled from the grand 
list of 1890, shows the following: Population. 1.8.-^8; dwellings .3.M: 
stores, 0: manufactories, 27; cattle, 1,027; horses, 471; acres, ll,b37; 

valuation, $792,840. , 

The first mill of any kind within our present borders was erected 
on Pine brook, in the northwest corner of the town m the year 1.00 
It was a small .saw mill. The site of the old dam can be seen at 

^''^The'o-eneral development of manufacturing in the parish w.as slow 
Water power was depended upon, and there practically was but 
one stream (Muddy river) that could be utilized. This at one time 
was well dotted with mills. Doctor Ezra Stiles shows upon a rude 
map in 1761, seven in active operation-" two corne mills, two 



HISTORY OF XKW HAVEN COUNTY. 265 

fulling mills and three saw mills." On the East river in 1762, 
Aaron Day and others built a " corn mill," at the east end of 
Mansfield bridge. A saw mill was constructed upon the opposite 
side, managed at one time by Benjamin Bishop. In the year later 
Doctor Walter Monson built a grist mill upon the same stream at 
Ouinnipiac. One James Bradley, about 1720, had a fulling mill at 
"Smithtown," near the present Smith sawmill. About 1760 a ship- 
yard was established on the west bank of the East river, south of the 
bridge, which was maintained till after the year 1800. Here small 
seagoing craft were built. Some of them ventured as far as the 
West Indies. Of these was the " Hiram," commanded by one Cap- 
tain Davidson of ]\Iilford, lost at sea with her crew in 1796. 

Bog iron ore was dug in the swamps in the vicinity of " The Pool " 
previous to 1665, and taken to the " Iron Works " at East Haven. It 
was also carted to " Bogmine Wharf," a locality near the present 
Sackett's Point bridge, and there loaded on boats for the same 
destination. The owner of the land at this time was probably Rever- 
end James Pierpont, who possessed an immense tract of 800 or 1,000 
acres extending between the East and Muddy rivers. 

The hard wood lumber trade early in our history was the most 
extensive and thrifty of any of the pursuits of the settlers. Oak and 
whitewood were excliisively used, and the North Haven plains fur- 
nished both in abundance. The latter must have attained dimensions 
far beyond anything found in the town in later days, as seen in the 
inside finish of sundry " front rooms " in old dwellings. Here in 
some cases are found " panels " made of single boards measuring 
from 36 to 40 inches in width. Oak was the main building material; 
frames, floors, clapboards and shingles were wrought of it and none 
but the best quality was u.sed. Large quantities of it were exported 
from New Haven. 

The manufa;ture of brick began about 1720. The pioneer in this 
industry was Nathaniel Thorp, and the first yard was about 100 rods 
north of the present New Haven & Hartford railroad .station, and 
directly east of the track. Abraham Seeley, a Hollander, came next, 
locating first at Muddy river and afterward removing to near the 
present plant of Brockett & Todd. Later it was discovered that 
extensive clay beds underlaid large areas on both sides of the East 
river, and as brick was beginning to come into favor, as a building 
material, yards sprang up quickly all over the town. 

Among the earlier brick makers were Josiah Thomas, vSamuel 
Pierpont, Seth Blakeslee, Ebenezer Pierpont, Enoch Barnes, Joshua 
Thorp, Caleb Humaston, Jesse Andrews, Solomon Bradley, Titus 
Bradley, David Bradley, Jared Bradley and others. Later came John 
Gill, Orrin Todd, Isaac Stiles, Horace Stiles, Amasa Thorpe and 
others. Then followed Erus Bishop, Henry M. Blakeslee, Willis 
Hemingway, Samuel Culver, Alfred Ives, Eleazer Warner, Orrin 



266 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Warner, J. AI. Mansfield, and lastly I. L. & H. H. Stiles, whose plant,, 
in 1891 under the name of I. L. Stiles & vSon, produces about 16,000,000 
bricks annually. The latter works are managed on an extended scale, 
employing about 150 men and 60 or more horses. Sewer and building 
brick are the only kinds manufactured. This and the yard of 
Brockett & Todd, with that of Thomas Cody at Montowese comprise 
all at present in the town. 

An extensive business in carriage parts (wooden work) at one time 
engaged attention. Smith Brothers. Edwin Clinton & Son, Alonzo 
Smith, John F. Barnes & Co., and others, have still interests in this 
branch. The latter establishment is situated on the old Aliddletown 
turnpike at the old cabinet and undertaking stand of Frederic Barnes. 
This business originated in 1806. The manufacture of choice wood- 
work in that day was carried on mostly by hand, and "apprentices" 
were common learning this trade. Mr. Barnes' establishment was 
noted for the number of apprentices it always had and the fine quality 
of its work. In 1870 extensive buildings were erected and the capacity 
for work much increased. 

At yuinnipiac is a valuable water power, but the buildings are the 
worse for age and wear. Formerly German silver spoons were made in 
large quantities there; at present Hotchkiss Brothers manufacture 
bolts and a small grist mill supplies the near community with grain. 

The first stock company of which any account is obtainable was 
the North Haven Academy Association, organized about 1850. The 
shares were $2;-) each but no record of the amount of stock is found. 
Its purpose was to provide better facilities for education, in fact to 
establish a high school. Such an in.stitution had already been in 
operation in the community for a number of years with a paying 
patronage, but never at a specific place or maintained except by 
transient enterprise. So far as can be learned the earliest "select 
school " was taught in the winter months over Joel Ray's store (now 
Stephen Gilbert's), at least 60 years ago, and among the earlier 
"Ma.sters" were Reverend Orson Cowles, Reverend Ammi Linsley, 
Honorable Henry D. Smith and others. The new academy was built 
of brick a few feet north of the Congregational church. Its second 
floor provided the first public hall in the village, and hither the 
town's business was transferred from the basement of the Conereea- 
tional church. 

For a few years a school was maintained with considerable success 
and then patronage declined. Many of the incorporators became 
restless and unloaded their holdings. The building finally passed 
into the hands of Alfred Linsley at a sacrifice. Attempts were made 
from time to time to revive school privileges but with no lasting 
result, and the structure was devoted to commercial purposes. It is 
now occupied by the 'i'uttle Brothers Printing Company. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 267 

Following this came these organizations: 

2. Clinton Wallace & Co., September 29th, ISoS. Capital stock 
$28,000, Lyman Clinton, president. This company was formed for 
the manufacture of agricultural implements. A large two story 
wooden building was erected in the meadow, west of the track and a 
few rods north of the New Haven & Hartford railroad station. 
Business was carried on a few years in connection with the firm of 
David Clinton & .Son, but it does not appear that the venture brought 
its promoters any money. There were various changes of manage- 
ment, but through them all a constant shrinkage of business. It was 
finally shut down and the works practically abandoned. The la.st 
transaction in stock was January 12th, 1860. The building was 
destroyed by fire. 

3. The North Haven Brick Company, organized January 21st,^ 
1854. Capital stock $]:^, 000. Elihu Dickerman, first president. The 
issue of this company was disastrous. Its last transfer was March 
13th, 1856. 

4. The Warner, Mansfield & Stiles Brick Company, organized 
May 1st, 1854. Capital $18,000. J. M. Mansfield, first president. Last 
stock transfer May 13th. 1874, when it went into liquidation, 

5. Quinnipiac Paper Company, organized October 1st, 1869. Capital 
$30,000, John W, Bishop, first president. Factory on Quinnipiac 
river, near Wallingford line. Last statement inade January 1st, 1872. 

6. The U. S. Card Factory Company, organized April 12th, 1881. 
Capital $500. 

7. The North Haven Manufacturing Company, organized Novem- 
ber 27th, 1882. Capital $18,000. Manufacturers of tin spoons. 

8. The Tuttle Brothers Printing Company, organized April 19th, 
1886. Capital $6,000. Frederic C. Bradley, first president. Pub- 
lishers of cards of all varieties. 

Among the prominent industries of the town, and for a long time 
apparently the most successful, was the Clintonville Agricultural 
Works, This concern was founded by David Clinton previous to 1830. 
He first made fanning mills, at his house. Corn shellers, horse rakes 
and other machines were coming into notice, on which he made many 
radical improvements. In 1831 he united with Jude B. .Smith in the 
erection of a large manufactory at what was then known as the hamlet 
of Smithtown, since Clintonville. The main building was of brick 
with various additions, and the motive power, water brought from 
Muddy river. Clinton's implements became renowned. They met 
with ready sale through the country and were found wherever farms 
were worked. In 1850 Mr. Clinton associated his son Lyman with 
him under the name of D. Clinton & .Son, and the business was con- 
ducted more vigorously than ever. The works gave employment to 
a large number of hands and were continued until 1875, when they 
were sold to Carr & Hobson, of New York city. This firm managed 



268 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

them with spirit a few years, but in 1881 removed the plant to New 
Jersey. Thus was withdrawn from the community a business of over 
a half century standing, and one that doubtless in its day proved the 
most profitable of all. The transfer was unfortunate for its owners, 
as financial disaster overtook and scattered their resources. 

Amoncr the earlier manufactures was that of carriages by Captain 
Benajah Tuttle and Esquire Jacob Bassett. A factory 100 feet long 
built by them, formerly stood on the site of the Smith Brothers plant, 
and an extensive trade was developed. The destruction of the estab- 
lishment by fire broke up the business. The present brick factory 

was then erected. 

One Henry Martin made " locofoco matches " about 1840-4.5, near 

Mansfield's bridge. 

The following list covers nearly all the business interests of the 
town at date (spring of 1891): Groceries: Jo.seph Pierpont, Stephen G. 
Gilbert, George H. Cooper. Saw Mills: Doolittle Brothers, Lucius 
Smith, Hector W. Storrs. Origen C. Clinton. Brick yards: I. L. Stiles 
& Son, Brockett & Todd. Blacksmiths: Rowe S. Bradley, George B. 
Mao-innis. Carpenters: S. F. Linsley, R. T. Lmsley. Carriage part 
makers: Barnes & Co., Smith Brothers, W. H. Smith, Clinton & Son. 
Wao-on makers: Frederick Mansfield, George Gilbert. House painters: 
Zenas W. Mansfield, Vernone Stiles. Market men: Jared B. Bassett 
Dennis Tucker. Card works: S. S. Vibbert & Co., North Haven Card 
Company, The Tuttle Brothers Company, E. H. Pardee, F. L. Clinton. 
Manufacturers: North Haven Manufacturing Company. 

The capital of the before mentioned concerns, as a whole, is small, 
ranging from $m) to $50,000. The card companies employ ladies 
mos'tly In the latter line, the wholesale house of Vibbert & Co. is a 
model of busine,ss and neatness. Their business was establi.shed at 
Clintonville in 1875, and removed to the present plant m 1888, where 
a large building is occupied and several dozen people given employ- 
ment, r^r f 

The pioneer card printer in the town was Frederick L. Clinton, 
who beo-an in 1872, using the presses he had him.self made at Clinton- 
ville foundry. He was one of the first in the state to advertise the 
card printing business and has also been a pioneer in the use of 
improved machinery in this line of manufacture. He has a fi^nely 
equipped establishment at Clintonville, where the latest methods in 
card printing are employed. Large quantities of novelty goods are 
sent by the above firms to all parts of the Union. 

Nearly the entire number engaged in the foregoing businesses 
are located in the small villages of the town, three in number- 
North Haven, Clintonville and Montowese. The former is a station 
on the Hartford railroad, seven miles from New Haven, and has 
a pleasant location on both sides of the Quinnipiac. Here are the 
mam interests of the town, including Memorial Hall, the North Haven 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 269 

green. Congregational and Episcopal churches. Near the latter is the 
old Trumbull homestead. There are several hundred inhabitants, 
living in homes widely separated, which give the place a straggling 
though not unattractive appearance. The principal interest is the 
brick manufactory of I. L. Stiles & vSon, as well as several card print- 
ing shops. 

Montowese is a station on the Air Line railroad, four miles from 
New Haven, and contains several dozen buildings. Here are the 
Baptist church, the Montowese post office, established in 1872, and of 
which George H. Cooper is the postmaster. There are also several 
shops and grain and lumber mills. 

Northford station, on the Air Line railroad, is 7| miles from New 
Haven. Here is the Clintonville post office, David L. Clinton, post- 
master, the appointment being third class presidential, owing to heavy 
business, consequent upon the card printing establishments of this 
locality. Half a mile east is the village of Clintonville, formerly so 
active in manufacturing and still having several thrivino- industries. 
In addition there are a Union chapel and a dozen fine residences. 

"Sabbath Day houses" were regarded as necessary adjuncts to 
the meeting house. The earliest mention of these buildings occurs 
in 1753. They stood ou the west and south sides of " the green," on 
ground now covered by the Congregational church, the public school 
building and the private property of Henry D. Todd. Their con- 
struction was one story in height and not far from twelve feet square. 
Sometimes they were built "double," that is with a chimney in the 
middle, but oftener at one end. Occasionally accommodations for 
horses were provided in the rear. Among the early owners were The- 
ophilus Eaton, Abraham Bassett, Samuel Sackett, James Humaston, 
Joshua Barnes, Joel Barnes, Ezekiel Jacobs, Samuel Thorp, Isaac C. 
Stiles and Isaiah Brockett. The last disappeared from the vicinity 
of the green about 1850, but one still remains standing on the 
Deacon Byard Barnes estate, removed thither more than half a 
century ago. It was not strange to see them converted into temporary 
bar-rooms for the sale of liquor at " May musters " and on " general 
training days." 

North Haven had colored people held as slaves previous to and 
during the revolutionary war. In 1795 Joel Blakeslee manumitted 
his negro man " Ben," and in 1798 Samuel Hemingway freed his 
slaves " Dick and wife." Captain Peter Eastman also emancipated 
his slave " Jube " in 1801. There were others in the community who 
not only freed their property of this nature, but paid them wages and 
retained them to the end of life. 

The settlers early availed themselves of " fishing grounds " along 
the East river. In 1732 the first was " taken up " at " Andrews 
Point." After that came the record of " rights " at " The Elm Tree," 
" Duck Cove," " Mocking Hill," " Red Bank," " Sackett's Point," 



'270 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

" Newman's Point," " Bridge," " Ouinny," etc. Companie.s were 
formed who had " plants " at these places and the town defined how 
much length of river line their fishery shotild cover. These ancient 
"fish rights" were transferable by title and were bought and sold 
like real estate. They were more especially used to catch shad in the 
months of May and June. 

The taverns were of very much significance to the country people 
at least, of the eighteenth century. No well regulated place was sup- 
posed to be without one or more. The most famous in this com- 
munity was that known as the " Andrews Tavern," at the northwest 
•corner of the old green. It was established by Timothy Andrews 
about 1770. This gentleman journeyed to Vermont in 1788, and died 
there. His widow carried on the business but the place did not reach 
its highest renown until her son Jesse came to man's estate and 
assumed the title of landlord. This was in 1800. Jesse married 
Phila Humaston and under the management of the twain no country 
hostelry ever attained so wide a popularity. It was known through- 
out the state and the fame of it was carried by travellers to New 
York and Boston. Before the advent of railroads it was a very busy 
place. Teams and travellers were arriving and departing at all hours 
of the day and night. Balls, dinners, suppers, dancing schools, train- 
ings, courts, all sent their quotas there onlj^ to be entertained in the 
handsomest manner. Mr. and Mrs. Andrews remained in it until a 
little after 1830. At this time the sun of the country tavern had begun 
to wane. Railroads were threading the land and conditions of travel 
were changing. Among the successors of this worthy couple were 
Jesse, Jr., their son, Seymour Bradley, John Gill. John Farren and 
one Perkins. The completion of the New Haven & Hartford rail- 
road gave it its death blow as a public resort. 

No definite account of any resident physician can be obtained pre- 
vious to 1760. Tradition mentions one Doctor Hill shortly after 
1700, but the evidence as to residing in the parish is very meagre. 
Doctor Walter Monson came from New Haven and opened the 
practice of medicine in 1760. He was succeeded by Doctor Joseph 
Foote, 1790-1836. Then came Doctor Chauncey B. Foote and Doctor 
Anson Moody. These gentlemen gave way in turn to Doctor Austin 
Lord, 1849, and Doctor Roswell F. Stillman, 18;'51. The latter died in 
1879. In 1868 Doctor R. B. Goodyear, a native of the place, having 
graduated with distinction, commenced his practice here and is now 
the leading physician of the town. Doctor Lord is still living in the 
town, but not in active practice. 

The part borne by the town in the war of the revolution commends 
itself to the attention of every resident within its borders. The 
record is such, thanks to the care of Doctor Trumbull, that a nearly 
complete muster roll of all who bore arms in the support of inde- 
pendence has been ascertained. The news of the attack at Lexington 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 271 

Mass., reached New Haven Friday evening, April 21st, 1775. On 
Saturday, the 22d, men from the various militia companies, who 
could be spared, were informally hurried forward for the " relief of 
Boston." The first man in the parish to respond to the call was 
Abner Thorpe, living in the southeast part. He marched with the 
Branford men. The limits of this article forbid individual mention 
■except by name of the men who took part in this struggle. The fol- 
lowing list has been carefully prepared, with the years in which they 
served: Abner Thorpe, 1775-7; Abraham Bassett, 1775-6, died in the 
service; vSamuel Barnes, 1775-6; Joel Thorpe, 1775-7; Solomon Tuttle, 
1777-80; Jonathan Dayton, 1777; Thomas Barnes, 1776-7, died in ser- 
vice; Joshua Barnes, 1776-9, (Alarm list); Isaac Bishop, 1776, died in 
service; Zophar Jacobs, 1776-8, died in service; John Smith, 1777-9, 
(three years); Zealous Blakeslee, 1776-81. inclusive; Yale Todd, 1776-7; 
Ebenezer Mansfield, 1776-7; Eliada Sanford, 1776-9; Thomas Humas- 
ton, 1778-9, (alarm list); Justus Todd, 1777-9, died in service; Daniel 
.Sackett, 1778; Joy Bishop, 1778; Joel Brackett, 1775, (1779 alarm list); 
Caleb Blakeslee, 1777-81, inclusive; Jared Barnes, 1777; Gideon Todd, 
1777; Joel Sanford, 1780-2, killed in action; Jacob Thorpe, 1777-9, 
killed in action; Caleb Tuttle, 1777-80, inclusive; Jonathan Heaton, 
1776; Calvin Heaton, 1777; Jonathan Tuttle, 1776-7; William Tuttle, 
1776-7; Dimon Bradley, 1776-7; Jacob Hitchcock, 1776-7: Ebenezer 
Todd, 1776-7; Enos Brockett, 1777; Thomas Pierpont, 1775-7; John 
Pierpont, 1777; Reuben Tuttle, 1777; Enos Todd, 1777; Abel Tuttle, 
1777; Isaac Brockett, 1777; Caleb Thomas, 1777; Monson Brockett, 
1777; Jared Tuttle, 1777; Jared Hill, 1777: Jacob Brockett, 2d, 1777; 
Timothy Thorpe, 1777; Jared Blakeslee, 1777; Jesse Todd, 1777; 
Ezekiel Jacobs, 1777; Benjamin Bassett, 1777; John Brockett, 1777; 
David Bishop, 1777; Joseph Sperry, 1777; Solomon Jacobs, 1777; 
Stephen Ives, 1777; Levi Cooper, 1777; Jacob Brockett, 1776, captain 
in Colonel Douglass' Regiment; Thaddeus Todd, 1777; Peter East- 
man, 1775-7; Nathaniel Stacy, 1775, prisoner until 1779; Jonathan 
Ralph, 1777; Levi Ray, 1777; Thomas Cooper, 1777; Joseph Smith, 
1776; Noah Barnes, 1776; Nathaniel Dayton, 1776; William Sanford, 
1776; Moses Thorpe, 1776; Timothy Andrews, 1776; Jesse ^Blakeslee, 
1776; Phillip Daggett, 1776; Ephraim Humaston, 1776; Thomas Ives, 
1776; Giles Dayton, 1776; Charles Tuttle, 1776; Benjamin Trumbull, 
1775-7; Richard Mansfield, 1777; John Brockett, 1776. 

Though the terms of service of a majority of the foregoing men 
were brief, yet none the less were they loyal to the cause, and it is 
•with pride that it can be said, out of these, there was but one case of 
desertion. In estimating the patriotism of these men, let it be remem- 
bered there was but little of pomp and show in that day, little of the 
glamour and fascination that attends great bodies of armed men in 
modern times. The need of the hour and the duty of the man led 
«each hero to his place in the struggle, and of the fourscore souls who 



272 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

by turns followed the drum from Lexington to Yorktown, it is pleas- 
ant to know the blood they transmitted to their descendants was found 
again in the name of liberty on the fields of Antietam, Gettysburg, 
Petersburg, and all along the lines where the dread issues of rebellion 
were met and settled. 

The part borne b}' the town in the war of 1812 was comparatively 
an unimportant one. An alarm was raised in the spring of 1814, and 
again in September of that year. The latter was the most serious, 
when demand was made for the services of the following: Eneas 
Blakeslee, John Todd, Timothy Bassett, Samuel Cooper, Thomas 
Eaton, John GoodseU, Alfred Pierpont, Joel Pierpont, Augustus 
Munson, Ziba vShephard, Jesse Cooper, John Bas.sett, Levi Brockett, 
Joshua Dayton, Leverett Frost, Richard Mansfield, James Pierpont, 
Isaac Stiles, John Beach, Enoch Ray. 

These men belonged to the local militia companies and were 
"levied" or drafted. Their terms of service were short and with the 
exception of Blakeslee and Beach, it is doubtful if they ever saw- the 
enemy. Most of them eventually obtained pensions. The last ser- 
vivor was Levi Brockett, who died in 18S4. 

The first North Haven born boy to volunteer in the war of the 
rebellion was Henry F. Cowles, son of Reverend Orson and Eunice 
(Foote) Cowles, May 7th, ISHl. He was then living- at Norwich, Conn., 
and entered the Second Connecticut Infantry. The first resident 
young men to enlist were Walstein Goodyear and Leverett AI. Rogers, 
May 2Bd, 1861, both in the First Connecticut Heavy Artillery, Joseph 
O. Blair and John McCormick next followed in the Fifth Connecticut 
in July: Luzerne vS. Barnes and Alfred A. Howarth, in the Sixth 
Connecticut in September; Theodore Bradley, F. Wilber Goodyear, 
James E. Smith and Frederic G. Eaton, in the Seventh Connecticut, 
also in September; E. D. S. Goodyear, Oliver T. Smith and Edward 
L. Goodyear, in Tenth Connecticut in October. This closed the enlist- 
ments for 18G1. These were made without the stimulus of town 
bounty, and after careful deliberation. 
■ The first public flag raised in the town was in the Fifth district, 
April 24th, 18fiL The people of Montowese followed the example on 
June 26th, and the town at large on North Haven Green, August 28th. 

The first town meeting of the citizens to encourage volunteering 
was held in Academy Hall, August 4th, 18(i2. A committee was 
appointed and a bounty of $100 to each volunteer ordered paid. On 
the evening of the same day a second meeting was held at which 
(and the following day) thirty young men enrolled themselves as 
volunteers. The wildest enthusiasm prevailed. The first one to put 
down his name on this ever to be remembered evening was Jacob F. 
Linsley. who had previously enlisted in the First Connecticut Heavy 
Artillery, March, 18(;2, but on account of sickness had been discharged 
without .service. These thirty volunteers enlisted in the Fifteenth 



HISTORY (_)|-- NEW IIAVEX COUNTY. 273 

Connecticut, under Captain Henry H. Stiles, and went into camp a 
few days later. 

The next public meeting was held August 30th, at which time the 
town bounty was raised to $150 for any one who should enlist before 
-September loth. 1862. On October 21st, a third meeting was held, and 
later a fourth, at which an appropriation of $900 was made to fill the 
quota of the town. 

On March 8d, 1868. came the act of congress approving of a draft. 
The following- July another meeting was held, at which it was voted 
that every person drafted into the service of the United States who 
responded either personally or by substitute or paid the commutation 
fee of $300 .should be allowed $150 from the treasury and a sum not 
exceeding $5, 000 was .so appropriated. 

November 25th, 1864, the town again voted to pay such of its 
citizens as had volunteered or furnished substitutes since July 1st of 
that year, the sum of $200. This was the highest bounty offered. 
Under this act $2,400 was paid to twelve of its residents. 

The last meeting was held January 2d, 1865. At this time the 
selectmen were authorized to suspend the payment of bounties when 
in their judgment the quota was full. 

Great credit is due the town authorities in these trying years for 
their efforts to make the burden light upon the people. Deacon 
Whitney Elliott and Elizur C. Tuttle were most active in this 
direction. 

The first death in the four years struggle was that of Leverett M. 
Rogers, July 23d, 1861. The first death on the field was Joseph O. 
Blair, at Cedar Mountain, August 9th, 1862. The first pri-soner taken 
was F. Wilbur Goodyear, June 18th, 1864. 

The following roster of enlisted men is compiled from official 
sources and believed to be correct: Charles M. Barnes, 27th Conn. 
Infantry; Luzerne S. Barnes, (!th Conn. Infantry; Stuart Barnes. 15th 
Conn. Infantry; Hobart A. Bassett, 15th Conn. Infantry; Seth B. 
Bassett, 1st Conn. Heavy Art.; Joseph O. Blair, 5th Conn. Infantry; 
Julius Blakeslee, 1st Conn. Heavy Art.; Edgar S. Bradley, 15th Conn. 
Infantry; Henry E. Bradley, 15th Conn. Infantry; Ellsworth H. 
Bradley, General U. S. Service; Theodore Bradley, 7th Conn. Infantry; 
Charles A. Brockett, loth Conn. Infantry; Eli I. Brockett, loth Conn. 
Infantry; George E. Brockett, 27th Conn. Infantry; Horace Brockett, 
27th Conn. Infantry; James H. Brockett, 15th Conn. Infantry; William 
E. Brockett, 15th Conn. Infantry; Edmond Burke, 15th Conn. Infantry; 
Elbert C. Clarke, Naval Service; Thomas J Cleary, 15th Conn. 
Infantry; Harvey E. Cooper, 15th Conn. Infantry; Edward O. Cowles, 
loth Conn. Infantry; Henry F. Cowles, 18th Conn. Infantry; Henry 
Culver, 15th Conn. Infantry; Lsaac L. Doolittle, 15th Conn. Infantry; 
Jesse T. Doolittle, 15th Conn. Infantry; Frederic G. Eaton, 7th Conn. 
17 



274 insTokv of new hanex county. 

Infantry; Alva Frost. l.'")th Conn. Infantry: E. D. vS. Goodyear, loth 
Conn. Infantry: Edward L. Goodyear, lOth Conn. Infantry: Wal.stein 
Goodyear, 1st Heavy Art.; F. Will)ur (Toodyear, 7th Conn. Infantry; 
Robert B. Goodyear, 'i7th Conn. Infantry; John P. Gilbert, 
99th N. Y. Infantry; Ru.ssell Hills, 15th Conn. Infantry: Henry C. 
Hart. l.-)th Conn. Infantry: Henry B. Hartley, l.")th Conn. Infantry; 
James Higgins, 15th Conn. Infantry: Harvey S. Hoadley. lOth Conn. 
Infantry; Walter P. Hovey, loth Conn. Infantry; William B. Hovey, 
loth Conn. Infantry: Alfred A. Howarth, 6th Conn. Infantry: Adolphus 
F. Hunie, 15th Conn. Infantry; Charles W. Jacobs, 1st Conn. Heav}- 
Art.: Marcus A. Jacobs. 10th Conn. Infantry; John T. Jacobs, 27th 
Conn. Infantry; Truman O. Judd, 27th Conn. Infantry: Adam Lamm, 
27th Conn. Infantry; Jacob F. Linsley. 15th Conn. Infantry; Samuel 
M. Linsley, 15th Conn. Infantry; Thomas O'Brien, 27th Conn. Infantry; 
Nathan A. Marks, 15th Conn. Infantry: George Morgan, 15th Conn. 
Infantry: Augustus G. Morse, 15th Conn. Infantry; William J. Morse, 
15th Conn. Infantry; John McCormick, 5th Conn. Infantry; William 
P. Phelps, 15th Conn. Infantry; Merwin E. P.almer, 15th Conn. Infantry: 
Nathan A. Palmer, 27th Conn. Infantry: Milton B. Pardee. 15th Conn. 
Infantry: Horace Riggs, 1st Conn. Heavy Art.: Riley A. Robinson, 
15th Conn. Infantry; Leverett M. Rogers, 1st Conn. Heavy Art.; Wil- 
liam A. Rogers. 15th Conn. Infantry: Elbert J. Smith. 27th Conn. 
Infantry; (ieorge W. Smith, 15th Conn. Infanti-y: Henry E. Smith. 
15th Conn. Infantry: James E. Smith, 7th Conn. Infantry; Merton L. 
Smith, 15th Conn. Infantry: Oliver T. Smith, 10th Conn. Infantry: 
Sanford B. Smith, 15th Conn. Infantry: Ezra L. Stiles, 13th N. Y. 
Cavalry; Henry H. Stiles, 15th Conn. Infantry: Edwin A. Thorpe, 15th 
Conn. Infantry; Rufus Thorpe, 15th Conn. Infantry: Sheldon B. 
Thorpe, 15th Conn. Infantry: Henry D. Todd, 27th Conn. Infantry: 
Kirtland Todd, 27th Conn. Infantry; Dennis W. Tucker, 27th Conn. 
Infantry: Henry F. Tuttle, 15th Conn. Infantry: Justus Voght. 27th 
Conn. Infantry; Horace Waters, Regular Army. 

Of these men Blair, Eaton, Hoadlev, McCormick and vSmith, were 
killed in action and buried on the field. Edgar Ellsworth and 
Theodore Bradley, the two Linsleys, Walstein Goodyear, Leverett 
Rogers, Hobart Ba.ssett, Pardee, Augustus G. Morse, Merton L. 
Smith, Culver, Clarke and Water.«, died of disease in service. I'. 
Wilbur (ioodyear, Alfred A. Howarth and Henry F. Cowles lan- 
guished in southern ]n-i.'ons. the latter making a successful e.scape 
therefrom. 

Politically, the town was democratic previous to the war of the 
rebellion; since then it has been mainly republican. In its history, 
for energy, integrity and worth, its sons have well borne their part 
along with the towns of the state to uphold the honor and dignity of 
the commonwealth. 



lIIsrORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 275 



BIOGRAPinCAI. SKETCHES. 



Andrew F. Austin, now 57 yeans of age, resides in North Haven, 
in which town he was born March 26th, 1884. His education was 
obtained from the common school. At the age of 17 he attended the 
vState Normal school for one term. When 18 years of age he com- 
menced teaching school and followed the same for 1 5 winters. Novem- 
ber 26th, 1857, he married Charlotte P., daughter of Horace and Lois 
P. Stiles. Their children are Frederick W. and Gardner E. Austin. 
When 25 years of age, Mr. Austin was elected justice of the peace, 
which office at the present writing he holds, having been trial justice 
for more than HO years. About the same year he was elected one of 
the board of school visitors, and held the office till 1889, having been 
acting school visitor for many years. In 1866, he was elected select- 
man, which office he held 14 years, and during 11 years of said time 
was elected and served as town agent. In 1880 he was employed as 
census enumerator in taking the 10th census of the 102d district, which 
then included his native town. In 1882 he represented his town in 
the legislature. His occupation, when not otherwi.se engaged, is that 
of a farmer, although he spends much time in adjusting difficulties, 
and in the settlement of estates. He is also employed in selling goods 
for Bradley & Co., of Syracuse, N. Y., and in selling fire and burglar 
safes for the Marvin Safe Company, of 265 Broadway, N. Y. His 
father, Joseph Austin, was born in Wallingford, Conn., April 28d, 
1803, and married Celia Foote of Northford, October 14th, 1829. They 
came to reside in North Haven. His death occurred October 14th, 
1854. The widow now survives him. Their children were: Andrew 
F.. Abner E. and Charles R. Abner E. resides in Meriden, and 
Charles R. died August 2Sth, 1851. 

Harley Bishop, son of Calvin and Rebecca (Stilson) Bishop, was 
born in W'oodbury, Conn., in 1797, and died in North Haven in 1872. 
He lived several years in New York state, and came from there in 
December, 1868, settling near his son Joseph E., who had bought a 
farm here two years previous. Mr. Bishop married Mary A. Moody, 
and had thirteen children. Six are now living: James L., Mary A., 
Janette M., Henry M., Joseph E. (who married Margaret Stuart, and 
has five children: Mary C, Walter H., Lucy M., Edwin S. and James 
S., who died), and Caroline E., now Mrs. Reverend E. L. Whitcombe. 

Lucius Brockett, born in 1817, is the only surviving child of Ben- 
jamin and Mabel (Blaksley) Brockett, grandson of Benjamin Brockett, 
and great-grand, son of John Brockett. Mr. Brockett is a farmer, own- 
ing the home.stead of his father and grandfather. He was two years 
selectman, and for several years had charge of the roads in the south 
part of the town. He married Bet.sey M., daughter of Edward and 
Millie (Baldwin) Linsley, and a granddaughter of Obed Lin.sley. 
Their children are: Melissa, Alice E. (Mrs. Wells C. Hoadley), and 



270 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Mary J. (Mrs. James Moultoii), who died leaving one daughter, 
Mabel. Benjamin Bi-ockett, grandfather of Lucius, was in the revolu- 
tionar\' war. Mr. Brockett has in his pos.se.ssion a powder horn which 
belonged to his grandfather. The horn bears the following in.scrip- 
tion: " Beniamin Brockett. His Powder Horn Dated att North Hauen 
in the year 1753." The ox from which the powder horn was taken 
was killed and eaten in the revolutionary war. John Brockett lived 
west of the residence of Lucius Brockett. near the river. 

Wales W. Buckingham was born in 181<), in Oxford, Conn., and is 
the youngest son of Ebenezer and Olive (Woodruff) Buckingham. He 
has been a farmer in North Haven since 1848. He married Julia, 
daughter of Isaac Morgan. She died in 1860. Their children were: 
one that died in infancy; Harriet (Mrs. George Dickerman), Emma, 
Mary (Mrs. Lewis Dudley) and Henry W. 

Thomas Coady, born in 1844, in Ireland, is a son of Michael Coady. 
He came to North Haven from Ireland in 18o8, and from that time 
until 1807 was employed as a brickmaker. He botight the brick yard 
of Ami Culver in 1807, where he has carried on the business since 
that time. He now has a capacity of two million brick a year. 

George H. Cooper, born in 1849. is a son of Justus and Julia 
(Gorham ) Cooper, and grandson of Justus Cooper. He was a farmer 
until October, 1888, when he succeeded C. J. Hills in the store at 
Montowe.se, and he has increased the business to include a ftill line 
of groceries, besides flour, grain and feed. He has been the po.st- 
master since April, 1889. He married Be.ssie L., daughter of Henry 
M. and Betsey L. Coe, of Durham. Their two daughters are Mabel J. 
and Millie M. 

Elihu Dickerman, born in 180:2, in Hamden, is a .son of Enos and 
Mary (Todd) Dickerman, grandson of Enos, who was a revolutionary 
soldier. The latter was a son of Jonathan, who was a descendant 
from Thomas Dickerman. Mr. Dickerman is a farmer. He caine 
from Hamden to North Haven in 1848. He taught school 14 winters. 
was a surveyor several years, .selectman in Hamden and in North 
Haven, and was constable and justice several years. He married 
Sylvia, daughter of Justus Humiston. Their children were: Elihu J., 
Charles A. (decea.sed), and Elisabeth S. (Mrs. Hubert Barnes). Mr. 
Dickerman had in August, 1891, six grandchildren and four great- 
grandchildren living. 

I'^lihu J. Dickerman, born in J828 and died in 1872, was a .son of 
Elihu and Sylvia (Humiston) Dickerman. He was a farmer. He 
married Grace A., daughter of Zopher Blakeslee. She died in 1889. 
Their children are: Sarah A., William E.. Robert K., Grace E. and one 
that died, Julia M. Robert E. is a farmer on the homestead of his 
father. 

Jesse B. Good.sell, .son of John and Huldah (Bassett) Goodsell, was 
born in 1880. He is a lineal descendant from Thomas Goodsell, who 
•settled in ICast Haven in 1047. He is a farmer. He taught school a 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 277 

part of thirteen years, and was a member of the school board for 
several years, acting school visitor for ten years and sole acting visitor 
of the town four years. He is now (1890) filling his third term as 
selectman, and is also a justice of the peace. He married Charry E. 
Tucker, and has one son, Wilson E. 

Robert Beardsley Goodyear, M. D. — The ancestral home of the 
Goodyear family is in England, where their coat of arms is a partridge, 
holding in its beak three ears of wheat — their motto: " Possinit Quia 
Posse Videntur." Stephen Goodyear, the ancestor of the family in 
this country, was one of the founders and principal men of the New 
Haven colony. He was a merchant from London and was here a man 
of large business and active in public affairs. According to Doctor 
Bacon (Hist. Discourses) he had much to do with the civil govern- 
ment of the colony and was in the extent of his .services and qualifi- 
cations second only to Governor Eaton. He helped to organize the 
government of the colony and was the deputy governor until his death 
in London, in 1658. His first wife was one of the company which 
sailed from New Haven in 1646 in the ill-fated vessel whose loss at sea 
was revealed by the " phantom ship."-' He afterward married Mrs. 
Lamberton, the widow of the master of that unfortunate bark, and 
from this second marriage are descended all of the Goodyear family in 
this country — among them being, in a long line of descent, Bela Hub- 
bard Goodyear, who was married to Delia Ann Gill, and who was the 
father of the subject of this sketch. 

Robert Beardsley Goodyear, the fourth of their family of seven 
sons, was born in North Haven. November 4th, 1886. He received 
his early education principally in the public schools of his native 
town and Wallingford. He was next, for several years, a teacher in 
the public schools of North Haven and other towns in the state. At 
the breaking out of the civil war, in 1861, he was teaching a portion of 
his time, being also engaged in pursuing a preliminary course of study 
with a view of entering upon the practice of the medical profession. 
Four of his brothers had enlisted in the army for the defense of the 
Union, when he also volunteered his services. He was enrolled in 
September, 1862, in Company B, 'iTth Regiment, Conn. Volunteers, 
and was commissioned a sergeant. He .served with his regiment until 
the expiration of its term of service in July, 1863, and was in the 
battle of Fredericksburg, December 13th, 1862; at Chancellorsville 
May 1st, 2d, and 3d, 1863; he was captured and was a prisoner of war 
at Richmond about two weeks.+ 

*See account in General Chapter. 

+ Of the six brothers of Doctor Robert B. Goodyear all but the youngest, 
whose age did not permit him to volunteer, were in the army and held more or 
less prominent po.sitions, obtained by meritorious service. The eldest, Gen. E. 
D. S. Goodyear, raised a company of volunteers and was commissioned its cap- 
tain in the Tenth Regt., C. V. I. He was promoted to the rank of major, lieut. 
col. and colonel and brevetted general for gallantry in leading a charge on Port 



27S HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Soon after his ret'.irn from the army he entered the jMedical School 
of Yale College, from which he finally graduated in January, 186S. In 
the meantime, he received the appointment of resident physician of the 
State Hospital at New Haven, in January, ISfio; the appointment of 
physician and surgeon of the Hartford Hospital, in January 1866; and 
supplied a vacancv in the Retreat for the Insane, at Hartford, under 
the late Doctor John vS. Butler, in 1867. After his graduation he became 
a general practitioner in North Haven and has since been successfully 
and extensively engaged in his profession in this and adjoining towns. 
He has also retained a warm interest in education, serving for a long 
time as a member of the town board and for ten years was acting 
school visitor. 

Doctor Goodyear was married. May 19th, 186U, to Jane, daughter 
of Norman Lyman, of Hartford, Conn. She died in March, 1878, 
leaving two children: Anna Lyman, born February 17th, 1874, and 
Robert Walstein, born January 9th, 1878. For his second and present 
wife, he married Ellen Maria, daughter of Stephen and Maria Good- 
year Hotchkiss, of New Haven, June 26th, 1884. 

Merwin E. Hemingway, born in 1831, is one of eight children of 
Augustus Hemingway, and a brother of Willis B. Mr. Hemingway 
is a farmer and market gardener. He married Mary, daughter of 
Medad Robinson. vShe died leaving three children: Walter M., 
Harry L. and Minnie A. His second marriage was with Fannie V., 
daughter of Grove Winchell. They have two sons: Louis R. and 
Clinton G. 

Willis B. Hemingway, born in 1820. is a son of Augustus and 
Juline (Blakeslee) Hemingway, and grandson of Samuel, whose father 
Samuel, was a son of John, and he a son of Samuel and Sarah (Cooper) 

Gregg, near Petersburg, in is(i,"i. in which he was severely wounded. He partici- 
pated in nearly all the engagements of his regiment in its service, from istii 
until the end of the war in ISO.T. He next served for 25 years as inspector of the 
New Haven custom house and is now living retired in North Haven. 

Simeon Eldridge, the second brother, was an independent commissary. He 
was captured at Winchester, Va., and was a jjrisoner several months. He died 
at Springfield, Mass., January 'J^d, 1890. 

Kdward L.. the third brother, enlisted as a musician in Company C, 10th Regt. 
C. \'. J., and gallantly assisted in the care of the wounded, serving until the sur- 
render of Lee in ISO."). He is now jiostmaster of tlic North Haven office. 

Walstein, the fourth brother, was the first of the family to enlist. He was a 
member of the Isl Conn. Heavy Artillery; was wounded at Malvern, in the 
Peninsular Campaign, taken prisoner and carried to Richmond; ])arolc(l and died 
from his wounds in the hospital at Philadelphia. 

Prancis Wilbur, the liftli brother, was in Company K. 7th Regt. C. \'. I.; was 
for several months a prisoner at Anderson ville and has never recovered from the 
efi^ects of his imprisonment at tli.a place. Returning to his command he was 
promoted to lieutenant and was with his company until the end of the war. 

The youngest brother, Stephen Kdgar, died beloved by all who knew him, 
NoveinlH-r '.'Uth, ls71. aged 24 years. 




^ ^#, 




/^^. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 279 

Hemingway. Mr. Hemingway has been a farmer since 1865. He was 
a brick maker and school teacher previous to that time. He was 
assessor for about 20 years, selectman two terras, a member of the 
state board of equalization in 1868, and was in the house of represen- 
tatives in 1866-7. He married Betsey B., daughter of Jonathan B. 
Huntley, of Fair Haven. They have two sons: Frank W. and Edgar 
A., both married. 

Romania T. Linsley, born in 1832, is a son of Alfred and Polly 
(Frisby) Linsley, and grandson of Monson Linsley. He is a carpenter 
by trade, though he has spent a part of his life farming and handling 
timber and lumber. He has been six terms selectman and five years 
chairman of the board. He married Angeline B., daughter of John 
Pardee. They lost one daughter, Idora A. 

George ^lunson, oldest son of James and Abigail (Sackett) Munson, 
and grand.son of Jonathan Munson, was born in 181U. He is a farmer 
and mechanic. He was two years assessor, and four years selectman 
of North Haven. His father was a farmer, and died in 1858, aged 
TO years. He had five children, all of whom survive him: George, 
Olive, Eunice, Willis and Louisa. 

Burt H. Nichols, son of Wilbur and Harriet N. (Lewis) Nichols, 
and grandson of Samuel Nichols, was born in Minnesota in 1858. He 
is a farmer, also agent for fertilizers and farming utensils. He mar- 
ried Nellie H., daughter of George W. Smith. Their sons are: Herbert 
L. and Ralph W. Mr. Nichols' father was in the war of the rebellion 
15 months in the 2d Minne.sota Battery. He died in North Haven in 
1889, aged 62 years. 

Marvin Olmstead, born in 1815, in Wilton, Conn., is a son of Alden 
and Sally (Smith) Olmstead. He has been a farmer in North Haven 
.since 1867. He was in the late war nine months in Company H, 27th 
Connecticut Volunteers. He is a member of Harmony Lodge, No. 5, 
L O. O. F. He married .Sarah, daughter of William Beers. She died 
leaving one daughter, Margaret A. (Mrs. J. A. Munson). His present 
wife was Mrs. Abigail Andrews, daughter of Artemas Hitchcock. 
She had one son by her former marriage, Ambrose M. Andrews. 

Henry J. Pardee, born in 1829, is one of four children of John and 
Deborah (Todd) Pardee, grandson of John and great-grandson of John, 
whose father John, was the eldest son of George and Martha (Miles) 
Pardee, they having been married in 1650 by the governor. This 
George Pardee served five years as apprentice to Francis Brown, a 
tailor. Henry J. Pardee is a farmer, owning and occupying the home- 
stead where three generations have been farmers before him. He 
married Mrs. Louisa Davis, a daughter of Richard and Lola (Humiston) 
Blakeslee, and granddaughter of Captain Philamon, a son of Isaac 
Blakeslee. They have two children: Fannie A. (Mrs. T. H. Wallace) 
and Edwin H., who has been a card printer since 1876. He married 
in 1881, Lizzie M., daughter of Matthew M. Tvler of Fair Haven. 



280 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Joseph Pierpont, born in 18r)3, is a son of Rufus and Harriet 
(Richards) Pierpont, and grandson of Daniel, whose father Joseph, 
was a son of Joseph Pierpont. Mr. Pierpont has been a merchant 
since lS7(i, having succeeded to the business which was establislred m 
LS48 by his father, who conducted it until his death, when his wife 
succeeded him, continuing until 1870. Mr. Pierpont married Hattie, 
daughter of AtwaterBrockett, and granddaughter of Bathuel Brockett. 
They have three children: (jrace G., Richards B. and Joseph, Jr. 

Hubert F. Potter, Ijorn in Hamden in 1857, is a son of Samuel F. 
and Martha E. (Pierpont) Potter, and grandson of Horace Potter. He 
graduated from Yale Business College in March, 1877. He is a farmer 
and market gardener on the farm where his father lived for six years 
prior to his death in 1874. Mr. Potter is a member of Corinthian 
Lodge, No. 108, F. & A. M., and in 1889 he was master of the County 
(irange. P. of H. He is now one of the school visitors and one of the 
town auditors. He married Katie A., daughter of John E. and Susan 
C. (Heaton) Brockett, granddaughter of Bethuel, a son of Eli, whose 
father Isaiah, was a son of John Brockett. They have one son, 
Walter F. 

Reverend Wh.liam Thomas Reynolds, the pastor of the Congre- 
gational Church of North Haven, is a descendant of the Reynolds 
family, which was among the first settlers of Wethersfleld, this state. 
His great-grandfather, James Re3'nolds, served in the French and In- 
dian wars and later as a soldier in the revolution was with the gallant 
(Tcneral Wooster, when he fell mortally wounded, at the battle of Dan- 
bur)-. Near the close of that war, in the spring of 1783, he removed to 
West Haven, which was his home until his death. May 8th, 1818. Of his 
family one of the sons, James Blakeslee, the grandfather of Reverend 
W. T. Reynolds, was born at Wethersfleld, April 27th, 17.')4, and died 
at 'West Haven, January 1st, 1834. His only son, James Reynolds, 3d, 
was born at that place January 27th, 1795. and was the father of him 
whose life is here sketched. He was a merchant and farmer and died 
in Orange, November 17th, 1862. His first -.'ife was Hetty, daughter 
of Deacon Ezra Smith, also of West Haven, whose only son to attain 
manhood was the Reverend W. T. Reynolds, born at West Haven, 
November 23d, 1823. 

^Vfter spending his boyhood on his father's farm, young William 
Thomas was prepared for college at the Episcopal Academy at Ches- 
hire and entered the freshman class of Vale in 1841. He graduated 
in 1845 and in the fall of that year entered the Theological vSeminary 
at Andover, Mass., but remained only one year. From 181(1 to 1848 
he pursued his studies in the seminary connected with ^'ale College, 
graduating the latter year. Poor health prevented him from at once 
entering upon the work of the ministry and he devoted several years 
to other duties, teaching in the academy at Adams, N. Y., in 1851. In 
October of the same year, he began to preach at the Congregational 



/ 




tj. .yZ^^-t^^^-yz-^i^-^ ^ 



HISTORY OF NEW IIAVEX COUNTY. 281 

church at Sherman. Chautauqua county, N. Y., where he was ordained 
as the pastor April '22d, 18o2. He continued in that capacity three 
years, when failing health compelled his return to his native home, 
where he remained one year and was much benefitted. 

In the springof lS.5(i he removed to Kiantone, Chautauqua coiinty, 
X. Y., where he was the minister of the Congregational church six 
3-ears. In 1862 he returned to West Haven in consequence of the 
death of his father and remained there until April, 1863, when he was 
invited to become acting pastor of the Congregational church of North 
Haven. In that relation he served six years when, in 1869. he was 
formally installed as the pastor. As such he has since continued, how 
well is attested by the uniform or increased prosperity of the church, 
in spite of the changes in population of the town. At different 
periods the membership was increased in consequence of special 
awakenings and the temporalities of the parish have been much im- 
proved. 

In 1879 Mr. Reynolds took a trip through European countries, in 
the company of his daughter, for the benefit of his health and return- 
ed much improved. His pastorate is one of the longest in the county 
and although confined to narrow limits has conduced to the general 
welfare of the community where he has so long resided. He has 
preached sermons which were published, and delivered a historical 
discourse, on the occasion of the first centennial celebration of the 
town's organization, October 21st, 1886, which has also been issued in 
pamphlet form. By his ministerial associates Mr. Reynolds is much 
esteemed and he has held responsible trusts and offices in ecclesiasti- 
cal associations, in this and other states. 

On the 18th of November, ISoO, Mr. Reynolds was married to Miss 
vSarah Maria Painter, the eldest daughter of Alexis and Thalia M. 
Painter. .She was born in Westfield, Mass., January 12th, 1827, but 
when eight years old her parents returned to their native place, West 
Haven, where the Painter family was among the first settlers. Thomas 
Painter, her grandfather, was a brave seaman and while fighting for 
the independence of the colonies, in the revolution, was taken prisoner 
and confined for a time on the old "Jersey " prison ship, where he suf- 
fered all the privations inflicted upon those there held in captivity. 
Five children came to bless the marriage of this couple, the two first 
born and the youngest dying in youth, namely: Julia, born June 14th, 
18.52, died December 2d, 1867: Sophia Eliza, born August 3d, 1853, 
died .September 22d, 18.-)4: and Mary Painter, born August 2-lth, 1862, 
died March 27th, 1868. 

The third child, Anna Maria, was born at Kiantone, N. Y., August 

12th, 1858. After being a student at Wellesley College a little more 

than a year, she traveled six months in Europe for her health, then 

■ remained on the continent to study French and German. She thus 

.spent .several years at Constance, Heidelberg, Berlin and Paris. Re- 



282 IIISTORV DF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

turning to this country she engaged in teaching at Nyack-on-the- 
Hudson, until 1887, when she entered into the service of the Young- 
Women's Christian Association. In that department of Christian 
effort she is now (1891 ) the state secretary of the Iowa association. 

James Bronson, the fourth child and only son, was also born at 
Kiantone, March 17th, 18G1. He graduated from the Hopkins Gram- 
mar .School in 1879 and from Yale in 1S84. He then went abroad for 
travel and study, one year, when he returned to Yale, where he began 
his theological studies in 188.'). He graduated in 1888, when he again 
went to Europe, in the interests of the International Committee of the 
Y. M. C. A., "to promote Christian fellowship between students in the 
Universities of Europe and America and to unite them together 
in helpful relations." He has thus labored in nearly all the European 
universities and his work in that capacity is .still successfully contin- 
ued, with Paris as his headquarters. 

Willard A. Robinson, born in 1848, is the youngest of eight chil- 
dren of Jesse and Bet.sey (Todd) Robinson, grandson of Harmon, and 
great-grandson of John, whose father John, was a son of Jacob Rob- 
inson. Mr. Robinson is a farmer. He was postmaster at Montowese 
for about lU years prior to April, 1889. He is a member of Adelphi 
Lodge, No. 63, F. & A. M. He married Georgiana, daughter of Zenas 
( ). and Lydia W. (Smith) Lombard. Their children are : Nellie E., 
-■\melia J., Herbert W., Merton A. and Je.sse G. 

-Samuel A. Sackett, born in 1824, is the youngest son of Daniel and 
Patta (Brockett) Sackett, grandson of Eli, and great-grandson of 
Samuel, whose father Joseph, was a son of John -Sackett. Mr. -Sackett 
is a mechanic. In company with three brothers he built an auger shop 
on the Five Mile brook in 1844, where they manufactured augers until 
1862, when the factory was converted into a saw mill and is now owned 
and run by Mr. Sackett. He first married ]SIrs. Betsey Blaksley, 
daughter of Zopher Jacobs. His present wife was Mrs. Delia ^Laria 
Culver, daughter of Zenas Young. 

Roswald J. -Shepherd, born in 18G2. is a son of Franklin, grandson 
of Ziba. and great-grandson of John Shepherd. His maternal ances- 
tors were: -Sarah M"., Jared', Joel", Titus', Titus', Joseph', Joseph', Rich- 
ard Mansfield'. Mr. Shepherd married in 1888 Louise N., daughter of 
-Solomon Linsley. They have one daughter, Margaret. 

Mrs. Sibyl -Smith, daughter of John and Chloe (Bishop) Barnes, 
married Jacob -Smith, who was born in 1788. and died in 1834. He wa.s 
the .son of Jacob Smith. They had three children: John S. and Robert, 
both deceased, and Marina —Mrs. Reverend Doctor Bennett of Guil- 
ford. She has one daughter —Mrs. Doctor Bishop. 

E/.R.\ -Stiles is one of the oldest and best known of the pres- 
ent citizens of North Haven. He was born July 20th. 1804. the .seventh 
of a family of eight children, and is the only surviving member, all the 
others Laura, Lucin:i, ICunice, Isaac (father of the present Isaac L.i, 





//r. 




fi-^^i^ 



HISTORY OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 283 

Zopher. Horace and Harvey — having deceased. He i.s a son of Isaac 
C. and Eunice ( Blakesleei .Stiles and a grandson of Isaac, born 1729, 
whose brother Ezra, born 1727, became president of Yale College. 
They were the sons of the Reverend Isaac Stiles, who was born in 
Windsor in 1697, and who became the pastor of the Congregational 
church of North Haven. ■■■' The Reverend Isaac was a grandson of 
John Stiles, born in England in 159'), who came to America in 1635 
and who died in Windsor in 1662. This descent places the family of 
Mr. Stiles among the very oldest of the state, in which this name has 
been ilhistrious in church'and civil affairs. 

In the early years of his life Ezra Stiles was a successful teacher 
in the public schools, but later became a brick maker, in which occu- 
pation he was very active. In later years much of his time was 
absorbed in public affairs, but for a long period he has lived retired. 
Since 1826 his home has been in the house built by the Reverend 
Doctor Trumbull, m 176.-), and which remains in a fine .state of pres- 
ervation, much as it was built by that well-known historian. On the 
exterior are the original clapboards, beaded, chamfered and fastened 
on with English wrotight nails. The famous study of Doctor Trum- 
bull, which also .served as his private school room, has been enlarged 
to form a chamber. The historic de.sk upon which he wrote his four 
thousand sermons, was detached from the wall and presented by Mr. 
Stiles to the New Haven Colony Historical Society, and it is preserved 
among its relics. 

Mr. Stiles was thrice married. His first wife, Esther Pierpont. 
died and there is no living i.ssue. To his second wife, Mary Bristol, 
two sons were born, one dying in youth, after the death of his mother; 
the other, Ezra L., born in 1844, is now a citizen of North Haven. He 
served in the rebellion as a member of the 13th New York Cavalry 
and, after the war, was for ten years a clerk in the adjutant general's 
office, of Connecticut. Mr. Stiles married his present wife, Frances 
E. John.son, in 1854. By this marriage there is one son, Arthur M., 
born in 1865, and now connected with the dry goods house of Jordan, 
Marsh & Co., of Boston. 

Since his youth Mr. Stiles has been a devoted churchman and a 
member of St. John's parish. He had a fine talent for music and early 
taught •' singing meetings " in the Episcopal .society, and led the first 
chanting in St. John's church. He also introduced that practice in 
St. Paul's church, Wallingford, in 1825. In his own parish he was the 
first to u.se musical instruments, to assist the service of song, and was 
the first organist of St. John's church. For thirty years he was the 
leader of the church choir. He served as parish clerk from 1843 until 
1875 and was a warden of the church from 1845 until 1884. In all 
things he has ever held the interests of St. John's parish warmly at 
heart. 

*See account of the Church. 



284 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



In politics Mr. Stiles has always been a ^--^^f'^^'/'^^^^X 
frequently received the votes of those belonging to o^hei paUies n 

his election to important ofaces. He was for many y--^^^ ^^^ 
clerk and treasurer and served a long term of years on ^^e board o 
education. In 1883 he was elected a selectman and served m a^l fou: 
terms in that office. He was a trial justice many >--^J^"^ ^^^ ap- 
pointed probate judge of the New Haven district. In ^^^^;^ ^ ^^ the 
member from North Haven in the state house of representatives and 
TheMlowing year he was honored by an election to the state senate. 
In both houses he made an honorable record. _ 

Ezra Stiles has been a prudent, methodical business man m his 
own and in public affairs. His nature is kind and genial -"d being 
blest with a good memory, he is an interesting membei of former 
venerations, and is much esteemed by all who know him for his worth 
ns a neio'hbor and a citizen. 

I "aw Lorenzo St.i.es. son of Isaac Stiles and Lois Cooper, was born 
at North Haven, Conn., June 2Sth. 1<S19. His grandfather was Isaac 
Clark Stiles and great-grandfather Reverend Isaac Stiles, pastor of 
'he CongiegationaT church. North Haven, 1724-1700. The latter gen- 
tleman ^as^he son of John and was born at Windsor. Conn., m 109.. 
The Stiles family is one of the oldest in the state. Of English origin 
the " passenger list " of the good ship " Christian '• mentions that eight 
persons of this name were brought m her to Boston, early in 10.34. 
Among them was Francis Stiles, who joined the expedition to Con- 
necticut, shortly after, and settled at Windsor. According « Savag 
he was a freeman there in 1040. Tradition avers that the ^^de of his 
son John was the first white woman to set foot on Connecticut .soil 
but as this honor is claimed by two other families at least, limited 

credence should be given it. ^i,,,.aptf>r 

Mr Stiles was born at a period when industry, good chaiactei, 
and .sound religious views were insisted upon as requisites of every 
young person. The first he learned on his fathers bnck yaid the 
second at the familv fireside, and the latter, by inheritance, trom that 
stubborn, though staunch old divine, his great-grandfather. He ob- 
tained but a limited education in the district school. A boy was _an 
indispensable acquisition on a brick yard and with the exception of a 
term m- two under the tuition of his uncle, Hon. Ezra utiles (see this 
volume) at the latter's house, which course supplemented a few briet 
vears in the " old red school hou.se on the green," he had no other ad- 



vantages. As .said, he was early put to work on his father s yaid 
drivino-the oxen on their weary round in the clay tempering pit, and 
frequently falling asleep at his post. At this o^^7^^!°."-^^f ""^^: 
ingLhe grew to manhood, becoming thoroughly familiar with ever> 

step in the proce.ss. .^ 

He married first Sophronia M. Blake.slee, I-ebruary lOth, 184 
Two children were born of this union: Isaac W .. a dentist m New 




(7 iZCt C 




il 



^. 



^^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 285 

Haven, and Frank L., associated with his father under the name of I. 
L. Stiles & Son. Mrs.vStiles died after a long and distressing s'ckness. 
November 17th, 1880. He married second, Mrs. Ellen (Rich) Dicker- 
man, October 23d, 1888. 

Mr. Stiles is one of the foremost supporters of St. John's church. 
He has held the office of senior warden since 1883, besides serving on 
numberless special committees of various nature. For many years 
he was a valuable member of the chtxrch choir. He is rarely absent 
from church service, and his liberality has often as.sisted the eccle- 
siastical society in emergencies. 

In politics he has always been a pronounced republican. In 1849 
he was placed upon the town ticket for selectman, and to the surprise 
of the opposite party was elected, the first whig on the board for many 
years. He represented the town in general assembly in 1854, 1884 and 
1885, and with such popularity that, in 1890. much against his wishes, 
he was prevailed upon to stand as senator for the Seventh district, but 
was beaten by local issues in the Naugatuck valley. This defeat was 
tempered, however, by the fact that he ran far in advance of his ticket, 
even exceeding the vote for governor in the district. His sound 
judgment, fairness and liberality, have made him sought for advice 
in a multitude of ways by his townsmen. It is the exercise of these 
same qualities in his business relations that has made his name hon- 
ored throughout a wide circle and brought financial success. From a 
few thousands of brick indifferently made half a century ago, he has 
seen the business grow to millions, and is now the oldest practical brick 
manufacturer in the town. 

Sheldon Brainerd Thorpe, son of Dennis and Elmina(Bassett) 
Thorpe, was born in North Haven, February 21st, 1838. He is in the 
eighth generation from William Thorpe, who came with the colony 
under Davenport to New Haven, in 1638. In English genealogy he 
traces his family line to the time of William the Conqueror, or about 
1060. His ancestor, Nathaniel Thorpe, in the second generation from 
William the colonist, was one of the first settlers of North Haven, in 
1670. 

Mr. Thorpe received his education in the poor district schools of 
that period and attended a few terms the academy at North Haven, 
walking four miles daily for that privilege. At the age of .sixteen he 
himself began to teach at Northford and " boarded around " among 
his patrons. The following winter he taught at Hamden Plains and 
later several years in his native town. August i)th, 1862, he enlisted 
in Company K, loth Connecticut Infantry; was promoted to second 
sergeant; served until after the battle of Fredericksburg, December, 
1862; was taken sick and discharged for disability May 1st, 1863. 

In 1865 he entered the employ of the H. & N. H. Railroad Com- 
pany, at Windsor Locks, Conn., and was with that corporation a couple 
of years. Later he was four years in the service of the Adams Ex- 



28(j HISTORY OF X?:\V HAVEN COUNTY. 

press Company. December 2.')th, 186.5. he married Isabel Jane Barnes, 
of North Haven, and they have two children — Gardiner Ellsworth and 
Arthur Barnes. In 1871 he returned to North Haven and built the fine- 
home since occupied by him and his family. 

Mr. Thorpe ca.st his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln 
and has since been an ardent republican. By that party he was hon- 
ored with an election to the state legislature for the .session of 1881. 
He has also held various town offices and for the past twenty years 
has been on the board of education. In ]8;")8 he united with the 
•Congregational church, in who.se welfare and that of the Sunday- 
school he has been warmly interested, serving four years as superin- 
tendent of the latter and since 1878 has been clerk of the Ecclesiasti- 
cal Society, besides holding many other positions in the church and 
parish. 

The life of Sheldon B. Thorpe is full of unceasing activity. He 
is a member of Trumbull Lodge, F. & A. M.; and of Admiral Foote 
Post, Ct. A. R. When the Connecticut Society of the Sons of the Ameri- 
can Revolution was formed, he was one of the charter members and the 
first two years managed that organization. He is a member of the 
New Haven Colony Historical .Society and a writer of good repute on 
historical subjects. After years of patient toil and research he has 
nearly completed for publication a history of his native town and is 
also prosecuting his work upon the genealogy of his ancestor William 
Thorpe and his descendants. The foregoing sketch of the town of 
North Haven is also from hi.s pen. 

FKA^'CIS Haydf.n Todd. — The Todd family is one of the oldest 
and best known in the town. Its members are direct descendants of 
Christopher Todd and Grace Middlebrook.early settlers at New Haven. 
Near the clo.se of the last century Joel Todd, the grandfather of the 
subject of this sketch, married Alabel Mansfield, daughter of Titus 
Mansfield, of Hamden, and settled on the Todd homestead, below the 
village of North Haven. Part of the original hou.se, built by them 
about 1795, still remains, and has been continuously occupied by three 
generations of the family. Joel Todd died in 18'i(), but his widow 
survived him until after LSHti. Their family, consisting of five chil- 
dren, were Dennis, Orrin, George, Salome and Caleb. Of the.se Orrin 
was born February 26th, 1800, and was married October 30th, 1828, to 
Aurelia, daughter of Jesse and Patience (Todd) Clinton, of Walling- 
ford. He lived on this homestead until his death December 8th, 
1889 — one of the oldest men of the town. His widow still survives, 
at the same place. They reared as children Francis Hayden, Grace 
Angeline (wife of Samuel Hale, of California), Henry Dennis, also of 
North Haven, and Mary Aurelia. who deceased in November, 1886, 
as the wife of Eli 1. Brockett. 

Francis Flayden Todd was born on this homestead, August 8th, 
1827, and has followed his grandfather and father in its occupancy. 




& ^. 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 287 

He atiLMided the public and private schools of the town and like his 
ancestors adopted the life of a farmer, in which occupation he is en- 
terprising and progressive. He is a member of the North Haven 
Grange and a director of the successful Patrons' Mutual Fire Insurance 
Company, of Connecticut. IMr. Todd is not only a successful farmer 
but he has made an honorable record as a useful citizen in public 
affairs. Elected first as a grand juror in 1864, he has since, with the 
exception of two years, filled that office, and it has been to his efforts 
largely that the law and order of the town have been so well con- 
served. He is one of the oldest in that office in the county. 
In October, 1891, he was elected for the sixteenth time treasurer of 
North Haven and yearly disburses the several funds to the entire 
satisfaction of his fellow townsmen. In 1888 the republicans (of 
which party he has been a member since its organization) elected him 
as their representative in the state legislature and in that body he 
served with credit as a member of the committee on agriculture. He 
was also a selectman four terms and has held other public trusts which 
have made him one of the leading men of the town. 

On the first of January, 1855, Mr. Todd married Miss Elizabeth 
M. (xill, daughter of John Henry and Louisa (Tuttle) Gill, of North 
Haven, and they have reared three sons: George Henry, born October 
31st, 1861: John Hayden,born November 14th, 1866; William Handel, 
born March 5th, 1871. All are citizens of North Haven and the 
entire family are consistent members of the Congregational church. 

Henry D. Todd, son of Orrin, and grandson of Joel Todd, was born 
in 1832, and is a farmer. He served from September, 1862, until July, 
1868, in Company B, 27th Conn. Vol. He married Grace A., daughter 
of Bernard and Sarah A. fBishop") Hartley, and granddaughter of 
Henry Hartley. 

Edmund C. Warner, son of Rufus and Harriet (Dorman) Warner, 
and grandson of Isaac Warner, was born in 1840 in Hamden. He is a 
farmer, having moved to North Haven from Hamden in 1866. He 
has been selectman two terms. He married Vestina, daughter of Vinus 
Wooding. Their children are: Wilson H., Alice V., Herbert E., 
Elton W, L. Jane, and one daughter that died in infancy. 



CHAPTER VI. 



THE TOWN OF HAMDEN. 



Location and Natural Features. — Earl}- Agricultural InJu.stries. — The Early Settlers 
and their Descendants. — Population. — Civil Organization. — Town Poor. — Town 
Hall.^Town Clerks. — Public Thoroughfares — Manufacturirg Interests. — Hamlets. 
Post Offices, etc. — Masonic Lodge. — Schools. — Mt. Carniel Congregational Church. 
— Congregational Church in Whitneyville. — Grace Church (Protestant Ejiiscopal). — 
St. Mary"s Church (Roman Catholic). — Hamden Plains Methodist Ejiiscoiial C lunch. 
— The New Lebanon Mi.ssion. — Cemeteries. — AVater Works and Parks. — Biogrtphi- 
cal Sketches. 



THE town of Hamden is centrally situated in the county, lying- 
between the broad valley of the Ouinnipiac river on the east, 
and the West Rock range on the west, which separates it from 
Woodbridge and Bethany. On the north are the towns of Cheshire 
and Waliingford: east lies the town of North Haven, and on the south 
are the city and the town of New Haven, from which Hamden was 
cut off in 1786. The town thus has an approximate area of 82 square 
miles, being about eight miles from .south to north and from three to 
five miles in width. It is probable that the name was given in compli- 
ment to John Hampden, the English patriot, and in some of the early 
records and contemporary writings it so appears, instead of Hamden, 
which is more euphonious and more readily written. 

The borders of the town are mountainous or hilly, partaking of 
the characteristics of the foresfoine rang-es, which are a succession of 

o o o 

elevations, composed of trap rock and green .stone formation, the 
latter affording a splendid building stone. At the south end of the 
town the West Rock range is 380 feet high, increasing in elevation to 
600 feet, opposite the Blue hills, or Mt. Carmel, as this elevation is 
now most generally called. This varies from 600 to 800 feet in height, 
and overtops all the surrounding country. In one locality its contour 
re.sembles a huge man, in a recumbent position, hence it is al.so called 
the "Sleeping Giant." The we.stern descent of the main mountain 
is the most lofty and is almost precipitous, forming one of the most 
striking objects in the county. At its foot is a defile, separating it 
from the neighboring hill, which is called the "Steps," and thri)Ugh 
which the Mill river breaks its way, following in its general counse 
the East Rock ranges. Of this elevation the .southern bluff is 360 
feet high and Whitney's Peak, in the rear, is ."{(lO feet high. These 
outlying ranges have subordinate or projecting inward .spurs, Mill 



HISTflKV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 289 

Rock, 225 feet high, stretching westward from East Rock, and Pine 
Rock, 271 feet high, extending eastward from West Rock. The main 
ranges received their names from their relative position to New Haven 
and the others from local circumstances. Between the last named 
hills and extending toward Mr. Carmel, is a comparatively level stretch 
of land, called Hamden plains. It undulates gently toward tidewater 
and is composed mainly of alluvial deposits, in many localities sand 
predominating. Environed as the town is by the foregoing hills, there 
is a most pleasing landscape, and in parts it is aLso picturesque. 

Mill river, with its affluent brooks, drains the eastern and central 
parts of the town, flowing through its entire length and having a slope 
of about fifteen feet per mile. After filling Whitney lake, it passes 
into New Haven, between the East Park and Mill Rock. Wilmot 
brook drains the western part of Hamden. taking the waters of Cran- 
berr}- lake and flowing into the West river, in the town of New Haven. 
Its course is between the West Rock and Pine Rock hill. These 
streams take the waters of numerous brooks, flowing from constant 
springs, Hamden being well favored in that respect. 

In the lower ranges of hills are fine quarries of building stone, of 
the green stone variety; and the trap rock has also been quarried for 
paving purposes. The more valuable minerals also abound to some 
extent, of which copper is the most abundant. It is probable that 
most of it was floated into the town during the glacial period. The 
finding of a large mass of copper, weighing about 90 pounds, in one 
of the Mt. Carmel hills by Josiah Todd while he was gathering wild 
fruit, soon after the revolution, encouraged the belief that the town 
had copper in large quantities and much time and means were spent 
in seeking for it. Many mining leases were executed and at the Tall- 
man mine, on Ridge hill, near the north line of the town, excavations 
of considerable extent were made. But in this, as in many other ca.ses, 
later than 1837 (about which time the first operations took place), 
there was not enough ore developed to pay the expenses of working. 
But little mining has been done since 1864. 

The soil of the town is variable but is adapted to the production 
of the ordinary crops, and agriculture was for many years the 
principal pursuit. It can usually be advantageously fertilized, and it is 
claimed that the menhaden fertilizing works of William D. Plall.in ISoO, 
were among the first of that nature in the Union. Its products were 
used with good effects in the town. In addition to the ordinary crops, 
attention has been paid to crops of special culture, tobacco being ex- 
tensively grown from 1804 to 1865; peaches prior to 1850 and on a 
limited scale since; cherries have been grown on an extensive scale 
and Cherry hill, on the West Rock range, derived its name from that 
fact. In that locality the peach was also very productive many years, 
but m later periods has suffered from the disea.se called "yellows." 
18 



290 HISTORY OF N'EW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In 177.") Benjamin Douglas,- a lawyer of New Haven, planted an 
orchard of 64 cherry trees near East Rock, all being of the grafted 
variety, which yielded fine crops many years. " 

In the period of the Moms Multicauliis excitement many mulberry 
trees were planted in the town, there being in 1836,according to J. W. 
Barber, more than one hundred acres in the town set aside for this 
purpose, and native silk was reeled and spun from the cocoons raised 
in the town. But as a permanent industry it never took an important 
place and was soon abandoned, the people of Hamden sharing the 
experience of other towns in this matter. In more recent years 
dairying has become an important industry, and considerable atten- 
tion is paid to improved stock. 

Hamden was settled by the colony of New Haven and was in- 
cluded in the Indian lands purchased for the colony by Reverend 
John Davenport and Theophilus Eaton, November 24th, 1638. Many 
evidences have been found that this was favorite ground for the In- 
dians, but in their own affairs or relations to the whites nothing of 
importance appears to have transpired. The Indians were peaceable 
and the whites mingled among them as hunters or grazed their cattle 
here long before it was permanently occupied by the planters of the 
colony To Jonathan Ivesf is given the credit of being one of the first 
white men to rear a home in the wilds of Central Hamden. In 1735 he 
first located on the bank of Mill river, not far from the locality called 
Ivesville, but afterward lived on the turnpike. When he came he was a 
single man but in 1837 married Thankful Cooper and of their eight chil- 
dren four were sons, one only of whom remained in the town — Jona- 
than, who remained on his father's place. This became known, in more 
recent times, as the Dickerman place. James Ives, who was born in 
Hamden, was the father of Elam Ives, also born in Hamden, about 
1762. The latter and his sons, Parsons, Jason, Elam, Henry and 
James, were among the foremost in developing the manufacturing in- 
terests of the town. The name is still honorably perpetuated in this 
and adjoining towns. 

Stephen Goodyear, who came to New Haven in 1638 and was 
chosen magistrate and was deputy governor from 1041 until his death 
in London, in 16.')S, was one of the foremost men of the colony. From 
him, it is said, descended all the Goodyears in America, and he was 
thus the ancestor of the numerous Goodyear family in Hamden. 
Among these were Asa, one of the first selectmen; Theophilus and 
Stephen, who held that office later; Asa, Jr., Titus, Jared and Eli, all 
of whom were admitted freemen prior to 1796. Charles Goodyear, 
the discoverer of vulcanizing rubber, was a son of Amasa Goodyear, 
of this line of descent, but not of Hamden. William B. Goodyear 
and Watson A. Goodyear, both of whom became distingui.sed in their 
avocations, are natives of the town. 

•Blake's Hamden, p. itO. fBlake's Hamden Centenary, p. S.")!!. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 291' 

Among the planters of the colonj^ in 1689 were members of the 
Tuttle family, and one of the descendants, Nathaniel, born in 167C, 
settled at Tuttle"s bridge, on the Ouinnipiac. His fourth sou, also 
Nathaniel, born in 1714, married Mary Todd in 1737, and settled in 
Hamden. They were the parents of Jesse Tuttle, born in 17i59, who 
died in Hamden, in 1849, aged 90 years. He was the father of Am- 
brose, Jesse and Leverett Tuttle, all of them prominent in the town's 
affairs. The latter was the captain of the Hamden men in the war 
of 1812 and was the father of Judge Horace Tuttle, Lewis Tuttle. 
Henry Tuttle and Dennis Tuttle, some of whom attained more than 
ordinary distinction in the town, or in their new homes. This may. 
also be said of earlier generations of Tuttles, having among them 
Lyman, Levi, Asa, Amasa, Eli. Julius and Jesse S. 

The Todds were also early settlers and active in affairs, Christo- 
pher Todd owning the old colonial mill, at Mill Rock, many years. 
Asa Todd, born in 1723, was one of the Hamden soldiers killed when 
the British invaded New Haven, July .")th. 1779. His daughter Eliza- 
beth, who had married Captain Solomon Phipps in 1779, at this time 
fled to her ancestral home, on Cherry hill, taking with her in a chaise 
her young daughter Elizabeth, who married Captain Jonathan Mix in 
1800, and she long resided at that place in an old fashioned farm 
house, which was taken down in 1845. The only child of Captain 
and Mrs. Mix, married Elihu Blake, who built a new mansion on 
Cherry hill, and, it is said, so named that locality. Captain Jonathan 
Mix also served in the revolution, as captain of marines, and was im- 
prisoned in the Jersey prison ship. After the war he turned his 
attention to inventions and patented so many different kinds of carriage 
springs that he may be regarded as the father of that industry in 
America. The other Mix families in the town descended from Thomas 
Mix, who moved to Hamden before its incorporation and had sons 
named Benjamin, Zina and Stephen. The former was the father of 
Norris Bennett Mix, who has been very active m the later affairs of 
the town. 

In the southern part of the town settled Daniel Gilbert, a grandson 
of Deputy Governor Matthew Gilbert. He had five sons — Matthew, 
■Solomon, Caleb. Michael and John. The latter two were killed at the 
invasion of New Haven, by the British, July 5th, 1779. John Gilbert 
was at that time the captain of the Up-town militia company and when 
he received word that the British were coming up on the west side 
of the West river, to cross at Thompson's bridge, he rallied as many 
of his men as he could to intercept them. In an engagement that day 
five of his men were killed outright and Captain Gilbert himself was 
wounded. " Upon being ordered to .surrender by the British Captain 
Parker, whose troops confronted him, Captain Gilbert asked: ' Will 
you spare our lives?' ' No, you d— d rebel,' and ordered a soldier to 
shoot him. Captain Gilbert replied : ' We'll never surrender,' and 



202 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



Shot Captain Parker so that he fell wounded from his horse. Lapta n 
Giller was then pierced with bayonets and his skull was broken with 
t he bu t of a cun ••- He was at that time nearly 48 years old and was 
th! father of %sse Gilbert, who was born in 1762 and died in 183 , 
leaving four sins who. with their descendants, were mainly the Gil- 
berts who figured m the affairs of Hamden. 

The Ba.ssetts'were also early settlers, John Bassett being one of 
the first, leaving a son James, who reared a large family. Of these 
two .sons, James and Timothy, were soldiers under Cap am John Cn - 
bert and were both wounded July ."^th, 1779, Timothy being eft for 
dead + He afterward lived on Shepherd's brook and suffered much 
all his life from his wound. In 1819 he built what was considered at 
that time the best house in the town. The followmg year he died^ 
His .son Tared, born in 1789, who afterward lived on this place, held 
many important town and state offices and was widely known as 
.. Squire " Bassett. He died in 1855, most highly respected by all. 

In the western part of the town lived the Allings, of wnom Caleb and 
Abraham took a keen interest m public affairs. The latter wa.s after- 
ward pastor of the Hamden Plains church. In the same locality and 
farther north were members of the Benham family, .some of the descend- 
ants still remaining. The Bradleys were more numerous, coming prob- 
ably from North Haven, where Major William Bradley settled very 
early in the history of the New Haven colony. In Hamden were, before 
1790 Alvan, jabez, Amasa. Levi, Eli, Jabez, Jr., and Daniel, Jr., some of 
whom were frequentlv called to hold public office. Of the later mem- 
bers David Bradley was ordained a Baptist clergyman m 1828, and 
frequentlv held meetings in the northwestern parts of the town. ^ __ 

The descendants of Deacon Lsaac Dickerman. of the " First Society 
of New Haven, were also early in the town, Samuel Dickerman, his 
son beino- a large farmer in Hamden. He had sons Lsaac, Samuel, 
Lames and Chauncey, some of whom became well-known. Another 
son of the Deacon Isaac, above noted, was Jonathan Dickerman, who 
was also a large land holder. His children were Enos, Jonathan, 
Hezekiah, Joel, Amos and Rebecca. From the.se have descended a 
long line of worthy citizens, many of them being at this time residents 

of Flamden. 

When the town was organized Simeon Brkstol was one ot the most 
active participants. He was a man of property and was a slave 
owner The familv became few in numbers and has passed away. 
So also, the Ford family, in its day, was very influential. 1 he, mas 
Leek ^>d a crrandson of Philip Leek, one of the early settlers ot New 
Haven, mack .some early improvements in Hamden, probably being 
amonc^ the fir.st to make a permanent home. Descendants remain. 
Russell Pierpont.born in 1763, succeeded Simeon Bristol as town clerk 
in 1801, and held the office until 1842. His ancestors were leading 
*Fr.mi Hamden Centenary, p. '^+8. tHamden Centenary, p. 23-1. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 093 

men, the Reverend James Pierpont, pastor of the First New Haven 
church in 168.-), being one of the founders of Yale College. 

In the northwestern part of the town many members'' of the War 
ner family lived, .so that locality came to be called Warnertown 
Others of Hamden's early citizens, whom the town delio-hts to honor 
have been the Putnams, Whitings, Whitneys and families represented 
by the names of the members of the Seventeenth Company or Train 
Band of the Second Regiment, which was maintained in the territory 
now forming a part of Hamden, in 1770 and later. This list is compiled 
from Barber's " History of Connecticut," and some of the o-iven 
names appear missing: Captain, Stephen Ford; lieutenant "john 
Gilhs: ensign, Elisha Booth: clerk, Charles Ailing; drummers', Sam- 
uel Cooper, Hezekiah Tuttle; corporals, Caleb Ailing, Moses Gilbert 
Joseph Gilbert, Moses Ford; privates, Zadock Ailing, Amos Allin<r,' 

Medad Atwater, Abraham Ailing, Ebenezer , Bassett, ^ 

Ball, Bradley, Bas.sett, Timothy Cooper, Dan. Carrington, 

Hezekiah Dickerman, Jonathan Ford. Stephen Ford, Nathaniel Ford' 
Daniel Ford, Michael Gilbert, Gregson Gilbert, Lemuel Gilbert, Daniel 
Gilbert, Ebenezer M. Gilbert, John Gorham, Amos Gilbert, Sackett Gil- 
bert, Nathaniel Heaton, Jr., Hemberton, John Munson, John 

Manser, Jabez Munson, John Munson, Jr., Job Potter, Abel Potter, 
Timothy Potter, Levi Potter, Stephen Potter, Amos Potter, John Roe,' 
Abel Stockwell, Thos. Wm. Talmadge, Gordain Turner, Japhet Tuttle 
Josiah Talmadge, Israel Woodin, Silas Woodin. 

On the oth of July, 1779, this company was commanded by Captain 
John Gilbert and was engaged to repel the advance of the British upon 
New Haven, commanded by Major General Tryon, when six of its 
men were killed, namely. Captain John Gilbert, Michael Gilbert, 
Samuel Woodin, Silas Woodin, Joseph Dorman and Asa Todd. Most 
of them were cut off by a charge of grape shot, fired near the west 
end of Broadway, in the city of New Haven. 

The names of other prominent settlers appear in the following 
pages. In 1790, when the first census of the town was taken, there 
was a population of 1,422. In the next two decades there was a slow 
increa,se, followed by a diminished population in the next two decades. 
In 1840 the inhabitants numbered 1,797 and since that time, each 
census shows a healthy increase. In 1880 the population was 3,408, 
and in 1890 3,8S2. 

Hamden was incorporated as a town by the May, 1786, general 
assembly, to embrace the parish of Mount Carmel and the district of 
the 17th Military Company of the Second Regiment of the state 
militia, both being parts of the town of New Haven. Provision was 
made to give the inhabitants of the new town privilege, on equal 
terms with the inhabitants of the old town, " to catch Fish, Oysters, 
Clams and .Shells within the bounds of said New Haven"; and, 
on the other hand, the inhabitants of New Haven were not to be 



294 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

hindered "from getting vStone from the East and West Rocks as 
usual." 

The bounds of the Military Company began "at the foot of the 
long bridge (so called) from thence a straight line to the dwelling 
house owned by Mr. Hezekiah Sabin, now in possession of George 
Peckham, thence on the north side of said house in a straight line to 
the southeast corner of the farm lately owned by Capt. John Hub- 
bard, deceased, thence in the line of said farm to the top of the West 
Rock, thence on said Rock northerly to the southeast corner of Wood- 
bridge, thence in the line of said Woodbridge to the southwest corner 
of Mount Carmel vSociety, thence in the south line of said Society to 
North Haven line, thence upon said line to the East River, thence 
along the middle of said River to the first mentioned corner." 

The bounds of the parish of Mount Carmel, as finally fixed by the 
assembly, in October, ITfiS, were as follows: "Beginning at the south- 
east corner at the mouth of Shepherd's Brook, where said brook falls 
into the Mill River; thence running westward a parallel line with the 
line on the south side of the half division, so called, unto the east line 
of the parish of Amity: thence northward in said line to Wallingford 
bounds, and to extend northward from the first mentioned bounds by 
said river, being the west line of North Haven Parish bounds, until 
it comes to the south side of James Ives's farm, and to run eastwardly 
a parallel line with the south line of .said James Ives's farm, until 
it comes to a highway four rods wide; thence north by said highway 
unto Ithamar Todd's farm, including said farm within the limits of 
said Parish, and thence to the Blue Hills, so called, and to run east- 
wardly by a highwa}' four rods wide, that is, by the southward side 
of the Blue Hill land, so called, until it comes to a highway six rods 
wide, that runs northwardly by the east side of Lt. Blacksley's house, 
to run by said highway until it comes north of the widow Todd's 
dwelling house, thence eastwardly on the southward side of the said 
Blue Hill until it comes to Wallingford bounds, at the east end of said 
hill, and thence westwardly, in the north side line of New Ha\-en 
bounds into said Amity line." 

These divisions will be recognized as constituting the southern and 
the northern parts of the present town. 

The first town meeting was held on the third Tuesday of June, 
1786, and Simeon Bri.stol moderated. He was also appointed town 
clerk and was one of the first selectmen. His associates on that board 
were John Hubbard, Asa Goodyear, Samuel Dickerman, Moses Gil- 
bert. Other town officers elected were as follows : Constables, Sam- 
uel Humiston, George A. Bristol; listers, Samuel Bellamy, Jonathan 
Ives, Jr., Benjamin Gaylord, Jr., Stephen Goodyear, Job Todd, Medad 
Atwater, Abraham Ailing, Stephen Todd, Samuel Humiston. Ben- 
jamin Wooding, Joel Goodyear; grand jurors, Samuel Atwater, Jr., 
James Bas.sett. Jr., Amos Peck, Alvin Bradley: tything men, Sackett 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 295 

Gilbert, Daniel Talmadge, Jr., Calvin Mallory, Elisha Atwater; sur- 
veyors of highway, Samuel Humiston, John Hubbard, Thomas Mix, 
Joel Ford, Samuel Dorman, Amos Bradley, Caleb Doolittle, Hezekiah 
Bassett, Medad Ailing, Joseph Johnson; fence viewers, Jonathan 
Dickerman, Stephen Ford; sealers of leather, Joseph Benham, Joel 
Hough; sealers of weights and measures, Daniel Bradley, Eli Brad- 
ley; key keepers, Timothy Potter, Asa Goodyear, Ebenezer Beach, 
Caleb Ailing, Benjamin Gaylord, Jr. Simeon Bristol, John Hubbard, 
Thomas Goodyear, Isaac Dickerman and Elisha Booth were appointed 
a committee to divide the town stock, poor, etc., with the town of New 
Haven. 

Places for notification of public meetings were designated, at the 
sign post and two extreme taverns in the parish of Mount Carmel; 
and at one public house on the road at the East and West Farms or 
Plains. 

At the special meeting held November 16th, 1786. Doctor Eli.sha 
Chapman was chosen clerk pro tempore. George Augustus Bristol 
was appointed collector of taxes laid by the state on the list of 1785. 
The highways were divided into districts, and Jabez Bradley was 
chosen surveyor, in room of Amos Bradley, who refused to serve. 

At the first annual meeting held December llth, 1786, Jesse Good- 
year was chosen the first treasurer, a tax of 4 pence on the pound 
was voted to defray the expenses of the town for the ensuing year 
and John Hubbard was appointed collector, his pay to be/" 10 sterling 
money, out of the town treasury. 

In November, 1787, the town voted on the question of approval of 
the United States Constitution— yeas 5; nays 73. Theophilus Good- 
year was chosen to represent the town at the Hartford convention on 
this matter, to be holden in January next. 

In March, 1788, the town refused to grant liberty to Doctors Aaron 
and Jo.seph Eliot to set up a "Hospital for the purpose of Enocu- 
lation," at the dwelling of John Hubbard. 

In May, 1788, the town voted to oppose the memorial of Captain 
John Gill and others who wished to be annexed to the town of North 
Haven. 

The Woodbridge town line received attention in 1792, and the 
New Haven line in 1797, committees being appointed in each case to 
attend to the matter. 

Respecting the state constitution of 1818, the town favored the 
adoption of such an instrument and chose Russell Pierpont as its dele- 
gate to the convention. 

In 1821, "voted, that the .selectmen be requested to invite .some 
able physician to settle in this town." 

The poor of the town received early care. In 17'J5 the town voted 
that Simeon Bristol, Isaac Dickerman and Caleb Ailing join the 
selectmen in "devising a plan for the more easy and comfortable 



21J6 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

support of the town's poor," and to report at the next town meeting. 
No record of the same appears. After the custom of those times 
those who were likely to become public charges were warned to "de- 
part the town," and those who were really the care of the town were 
sold at a public outcry, under the direction of the selectmen. In such 
cases the buyer was placed under bonds that he would not abuse 
those placed under his care. December 11th, 1S15, "Voted, That if 
any person shall appear to bid off all of the afforesaid town poor for 
a le-ss sum than they shall amount to singly, they shall have the privi- 
lege: all under the care and direction of the selectmen." 

"Voted, That whoever shall bid off the whole of the town poor 
for the ensuing year, shall be required to give a bond with sureties to 
the selectmen, in the sum of Sl,.'5oO, conditioned that the poor, so bid 
off by liim, shall be provided and furnished with comfortable food, 
clothing, lodging and fire wood, during the time for which he under- 
takes to support them." 

Later more humane methods were adopted. As early as 1834, the 
question of providing an almshouse was agitated, but no definite ac- 
tion was taken until early in l.SjO. That year the Tuttle place was 
purchased and was used as a poor farm more than ten years. In 1861 
it was sold and the present poor farm occupied. This had been con- 
ditionall}' willed to the town by Enos Brooks, an esteemed citizen of 
the town, and was also subject to a life lease of his wife, Mrs. Roxana 
Brooks. By paying Mrs. Brooks an annual sum the town obtained 
unrestricted possession of the farm, and adapted it to its present use. 
The improvements cost more than $4,000, and the buildings so far 
have proven ample for the proper accommodation of the inmates, num- 
bering from ten to fifteen per year. The town farm which is in the 
extreme northern part of Hamden, consists of 118 acres and is valued 
at $5,750. The property other than real estate is valued at $2,084. 
The town expends for all classes of the poor over $3,000 per year, 
$1,700 being devoted to the inmates of the town asylum. 

The generous legacy of George Atwater, a citizen of Hamden, has 
provided a fund which has been placed in care of the trustees of the 
"Connecticut Hospital for Insane," for the benefit of the insane poor 
of the town. It is known as the Atwater Fund and originally 
amounted to $21,254.03. The proceeds afford fine relief and the 
act of Mr. Atwater merits commendation. 

The earlie-st action of the town in regard to a hall or town house 
was at a meeting January 7th, 1793, when it was " Vo:ed, that Theophi- 
lus Goodyear, -Simeon Bristol, Mo.ses Gilbert, Joshua Mun.son, Alvan 
Bradley and Samuel Bellamy, be a com'tee for the purpose of pro- 
curing subscriptions for building a Town House." There is no 
evidence that success attended their efforts, if they made any, and in 
1805 the matter of building a hall was again considered, but without 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 297 

definite results. Subsequent meetings were held at various places, 
usually in private halls. 

The first action in regard to the present fine hall was at a special 
town meeting held at Warner's Hall, January 2d, 1888, pursuant to a 
call for the same, signed by forty citizens. At this meeting it was 
decided to build a hall and William P. Blake, Henry Munson, G. S. 
Benham, L. H. Bassett and E. W. 'Potter were appointed a committee 
to confer with the .selectmen as to site, cost, etc. They reported, 
February 6th, 1888, and their report and suggestions were adopted by 
151 ayes to 122 nays; $1H,()0() was appropriated and J. E. Andrews, A. 
J. Doolittle and G. T. Benham were appointed a building committee. 
They adopted the plans prepared by architect D. R. Brown, of New 
Haven, which provided for a building one hundred feet in length by 
fifty and sixty feet in width. This would permit a town hall proper, 
50 by 7,0 feet, the room being one story high and elevated a few feet 
above the ground. An entrance was provided on the south side and 
also by means of a hallway through the front building. This is sixty 
feet wide and two stories high. In the lower part are the town offices, 
supplied with vaults, closets, etc.; in the upper story are the spacious 
hall and ante-rooms of Day Spring Lodge of Masons, fitted up, on a 
ten years' lease. The building is constructed of stone, brick and slate, 
with hard pine finish inside, substantial and most complete, and is 
in everyway attractive. It stands on one acre of land northwest of the 
principal streets at CenterviUe and cost complete about $15,(HiO. It was 
first publicly used at the general election Noveinber 6th, 1888, and 
was finished early in 1889. At this time the selectmen were John E. 
Andrews, William I. Munson and Edwin W. Potter. 

The town clerks of Hamden have been the following: 1786-1800, 
Simeon Bristol; 1801-41, Russell Pierpont; 1842-75, Leverett Hitch- 
cock; 1876-90, Ellsworth B. Cooper. 

It appears from the minutes of the general court that the first 
road or "common way," in what is now Hamden, was viewed as early 
as 1611, and probably did not extend further than the Plains. The 
best known of the highways is the old Cheshire road, which was laid 
out in 1686, as the Farmington road. Its course began " at the com- 
mon near the house of Jno. Johnson and continued where it is leading 
to the place called vShepherd's Plain, and so on to the end of the West 
woods and so forward to the end of our bounds and to be six rods 
wide." In 1722 the course of this road was again and more minutely 
described by a committee appointed by the town of New Haven. From 
their report it appears that the road had very much the same course 
as that which it has since retained. It is a natural thoroughfare of 
easy grades, on dry soil, and is readily worked. These conditions 
early permitted it to be put in good order, and it became popular a 
century and a half ago, and was for a long time the main road leading 
out of New Haven to Boston. Blake, in his History of Hamden, says, 



2J8 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

that it is probable that this road was the one used by Captain John 
Munson, who was granted in 1714, for seven years, the exchisive privi- 
lege to transport passengers and goods between Hartford and New 
Haven, making the round trip in a week, usually once a month. 

In 1786 the new town of Hamden divided the highways then exist- 
ing into districts and placed them in care of the surveyors already 
named. In December, 1787, a committee was appointed to "join the 
selectmen to view the places proposed by the inhabitants of the Plains 
and East Farms for the purpose of a highway," etc., and public roads 
in other parts of the town were located soon after. . 

In 1798 the Hartford and New Haven Turnpike Company was in- 
corporated and the road built by the company extended from New 
Haven along Whitney avenue and crossed the river at Whitneyville, 
later by means of the covered truss bridge, still in use at that place* 
Thence it passed northward, east of the lake. Until about 18.^)0 it was 
a very important thoroughfare and had a large amount of travel. At 
Whitneyville it was intersected by the road of the Cheshire Turn- 
pike Company, which was chartered in 1800 and whose course through 
much of its extent was along the old Cheshire road. Both turnpikes 
infringed more or less upon the old highways of the town and as a 
consequence opposition was awakened to such an extent that the 
citizens of the town were convened in a number of special meetings 
to protest and object against this encroachment. On the latter road, 
especially, a gate near Mt. Carmel meeting house was very objection- 
able and its removal was demanded by a meeting held in August, 1803. 
Failing to find relief, it was voted September 19th, 1803, to carry the 
matter to the general assembly and there have it righted. But as is 
usually the case in such affairs the corporations had the controlling in- 
fluence and the people finally dropped the subject. 

It is claimed that the covered bridge at Whitneyville was one of 
the first truss bridges built in the Union.* It was designed and con- 
structed about 1823 by Ithiel Town, an architect and civil engineer. 
The material is good oak plank and timbers so arranged, without 
framing, that all the strength is utilized. The total length is 114 feet, 
of which loo feet is in a .single span. There are 42 trusses on each 
side, the plank crossing each other at an angle of 80", and being four 
feet apart, center to center, the ends being attached to stringers. 
This secures a structure as strong at the top as at the bottom. When 
the Whitneyville dam was rai.sed it was moved to its present site, 
higher up the stream, the work being done by Eli Whitney after many 
engineers had pronounced the removal impracticable and very costly. 
He employed methods such as are in use now by building movers, 
and safely put this bridge in its new place for $250. It is still very 
substantial and may last a half a century longer. 

In recent years the town has cared for its roads and bridges in a 

^Blake's Hamden. p. Ui:!. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 299 

liberal manner, the appropriations for these objects being from $5,000 
to $6,000 per year. 

In the period of canal building the town became interested in such 
a water way, which was for a number of years a considerable factor, 
as a means of communication. The Farmington Canal Company was 
chartered in 1822 and organized the following year. Judge Benjamin 
Wright, of New York, .surveyed the route. The work of construction 
began in 1825, under the supervision of James Hillhouse, with Davis 
Hurd as engineer and Henry Farnam as assistant. In that year and 
the following the canal through Hamden and Cheshire was built, fol- 
lowing in a general way the course of the Mill river and the old 
Che.shire road. In Hamden, especially in the Mt. Carmel region, the 
canal had considerable fall, which afforded water powers which were 
well utilized. The company experienced considerable financial diffi- 
culty before the enterprise was completed to the Connecticut river, in 
1835, the cost very much exceeding the estimate. A re-organization 
took place October 27th, 1835, the property passing under the control 
of the New Haven & Northampton Canal Company. Ere long the 
new corporation also found its funds exhausted and until its abandon- 
ment in 1847 the canal was operated at a loss. From 1840 to 1846 the 
city of New Haven rendered assistance by paying for the water it 
used, which aided the company materially, but in 1843 a violent flood 
damaged the canal to the amount of $20,000 and the other extraordi- 
nary repairs were so heavy that the company never reached a sound 
basis. 

The first boats that plied on the canal were small, the burthen not 
being more than 25 tons, and nothing but freight was carried. About 
1888 a line of gay packet boats was put on, which afforded accommo- 
dations for passengers, and the trip from New Haven to Northampton 
could be made in a little more than a day. 

In 1845 the attention of the owners of the canal was directed to 
the feasibility of building a railroad to take its place, and a .survey 
for that purpo.se was made. A charter for a railroad was secured in 
1846 and in January of the following year the work of construction 
was commenced, using as far as practicable, the tow path of the canal. 
In the course of another j^ear (January 18th, 1847) the road was com- 
pleted and opened to Plainville, a short distance beyond the limits of 
the county. Being built mainly upon the old canal course, this 
railroad has ever since been locally known as the " Canal railroad." 
In more recent years it has been properly .styled the Northampton 
Division of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company, 
and as such is thoroughly equipped and well managed. 

In the construction of the railroad several miles of the highway 
between Centerville and Mt. Carmel were used as the roadbed, much 
to the detriment of the travel on the same. In 1881 this part of the 
road was vacated and the railroad line constructed along the hillsides. 



'^00 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

in the western part of the Mill River valley. The town aided in thi.s 
work by appropriating $14,000 and secured as its benefits the unob- 
structed use of a very fine highway and a number of street cro.ssings 
above or below track grade. 

For many years the town had no station privileges afforded by 
the railroad, there being only an open platform at Ives's; but about 
fifteen years ago Mt. Carmel station was there established, with Riley 
Parmeter as agent. In 1S82 the station was transferred to the new 
buildings, completed that year, north of the Mt. Carmel meeting 
house, Elam J. Dickerman being the agent. These buildings are pleas- 
antly located and afford all the necessary accommodations. The old 
depot building is devoted to mercantile purposes. Half a mile from 
the village of Centerville the railroad maintains a flag station. Easy 
and convenient communication with New Haven is also afforded by a 
line of stages, running between the city, the Hamden villages and 
Cheshire. 

One of the first organized efforts in the town at transportation was 
the freight line established by Elam Ives, in the war of 1S12. He was 
a son of Jatries Ives and was bf)rn about 1702 in the town of Hamden. 
When but seventeen years of age he volunteered to defend New 
Haven against British attack. Again in the second struggle for 
American independence, when commerce by water was blockaded, he 
was equal to the emergency to provide for the transportation of goods 
from New Haven to Boston. He fitted up two wagons by using in 
each two cart wheels and two wagon wheels and putting on them a 
box body thirteen feet long, four feet wide and eighteen inches high, 
which was capable of carrying twice as much as an ordinary wagon. 
To each wagon were hitched two yokes of oxen and a horse for a 
leader and the teams were usually in charge of his sons, Parsons and 
Jason, twenty and fifteen years of age. Regular trips were made and 
a considerable c^uantity of valuable goods was carried until the coa.st- 
ing vessels again came into service. 

Manufacturing is one of the chief pursuits of the people of Ham- 
den and many have been engaged in its attendant occupations. " At 
the Beaver ponds and near West Rock, also at Mill Rock, on Mill 
river and at Mt. Carmel," mills were early established: and at the 
latter place al.so a fulling mill. •'■ The power of Mill river was first used, 
and at the lowest site, at Mill Rock. William Fowler built a grist mill 
in 1040, which he sold to New Haven colony for £hn). In 1059 Thomas 
Mitchell was the miller for the colonists, a position later held by 
Christopher Todd, who bought the mill before 1086, and it was long 
known by his name. The first dam was low, being but a few feet 
high, and the tide wa.shed to its ba.se. In 1798 this site was sold to Eli 
Whitney, by whom and his descendants it was subsequently much 
improved. Before this was done, there were within a mile of it, up 
*Blake's History of Hamden. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 301 

> 
the stream, several other mill seats, which have by this new dam been 
submerged. A short distance above the present bridge was the Sabine 
mill pond, in which Mrs. Mary Edwards, the wife of Reverend Jona- 
than Edwards, of New Haven, was accidentally drowned in June, 
1782. She had been riding into the country, on horseback, and had 
stopped at the pond to allow her bea.st to drink, when it is supposed it 
waded into the pond beyond its depth and both the horse and rider 
were drowned. The sad event greatl}- excited the community and 
when Mrs. Edwards was buried in New Haven she was followed to 
the grave by the largest procession that had ever been seen in that 
town. This property was later known as Waite's mill. In the same 
locality was formerly a paper mill, in which cotton goods were also 
manufactured. A clock manufactory was nearer the bridge. 

The various improvements at Whitneyville have given that dam a 
fall of 35 feet; and the powers in the river above have, at Augerville, 
a fall of 8 feet: at the New Haven Web Company, 8i feet; at the 
Hall or Ives dam, 10 feet; at Beers' grist mill, 8 feet; at Clark's pond, 
8 feet; and at Mt. Carmel gap, 12 feet, the water of the pond being 
forced back but a little more than a quarter of a mile. Between the.se 
extreme dams the distance in an air line is about six miles. At the 
Mt. Carmel site there was in 1825, besides the carding and fulling 
mill, already noted, a good corn mill by James Wyles, who had, in 
connection, a dry kiln for preparing corn meal for Southern markets. 
About 3,000 pounds were thus prepared daily, in proper season, and 
carried in hogsheads holding 1,000 pounds, to New Haven, where 
they were loaded on vessels. These mills were also long known as 
Hunt's and Kimberley's. On the minor .streams small mills were 
useful in their day and served the local demand made on them. 

All the principal streams have been made to contribute to the 
water supply of the city of New Haven, the chief source being the 
Whitney dam. When it was acquired in 1798, by Eli Whitney, the 
dam was of logs and but six feet high. Now the overflow part is very 
nearly 35 feet high and the entire dam has a length of 500 feet. The 
cubic contents of the material in the dam are about 250,000 feet and 
the structure is one of the most complete of the kind in the country. 
One peculiarity of its construction is that the descending waters are 
thrown entirely away from the walls of the dam, upon a solid rock, 
by which means all jarring vibration is overcome, there being not .so 
much now as when the dam was only .six feet high, when the vibra- 
tion communicated to the buildings of the armory .sometimes inter- 
fered so much that operations on the fire arms were interrupted. 
The dam cost more than $1.50,000 and its construction involved, by 
reason of the overflow, the abandonment of twenty buildings, three 
bridges, farms, gardens and roads. Almost the entire appearance at 
Whitneyville was changed by this improvement. 

The life of Eli Whitnev and his connection with affairs in Ham- 



302 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

den afford matter for one of the most interesting narratives, but 
which must here be brieily noted. He was born at Westborough, 
Mass., December 8th, 1765, and imbibed from his father a love for 
mechanic pursuits. He followed this bent of his mind to the detri- 
inent of his education when a youth, but at the age of eighteen j^ears 
resolved to obtain a college education. In this purpose he was dis- 
couraged by his father, who thought his son was too old, but Eli was 
not deterred and finally his preferences prevailed. For five winters 
he taught school in Massachusetts, and with the small means thus 
secured obtained a preparatory education in Leicester Academy. In 
1789, at the age of 23 years, he entered the freshman class in Yale 
College and in due time graduated, with the intention of becoming a 
lawyer. Being in financial want he could not do so at once, but en- 
gaged to become a tutor in the family of a South Carolina gentleman, 
at 80 guineas a year. Leaving New Haven he .sailed for vSavannah, 
Georgia, in the company of Phineas Miller, Esq., and the widow of 
the late General Greene, who resided on a large plantation near that 
city. Accepting their invitation to tarry with them, before beginning 
his duties as a tutor, he noted the work on the plantation and saw 
how unproductive cotton growing was, by reason of the difficulty of 
separating the seed from the fiber — all the work being done by hand 
and a few pounds a day being all that a person could prepare. His 
inventive mind quickly conceived the idea of making a machine to do 
this work and being released from his engagement to teach in South 
Carolina, he secured the patronage of Mr. Miller and Mrs. Greene, 
and set himself to the task of building one in the basement room of 
the Greene mansion. By the close of the winter of 1793-4 it was 
practically completed and March 4th, 1794"' Eli Whitney, received 
a patent for his cotton gin- -a machine which was destined to revolu- 
tionize agriculture in the South and which increa.sed the lands of that 
section tenfold in value. Moreover, it gave an impetus to the system 
of American slavery, which now became exceedingl}' profitable; and 
was more than anything else the means of extending and perpetuat- 
ing it until it passed away amidst the throes of a civil war whose ob- 
ject in behalf of the system did not stop short of the dissolution of 
the Union of states. Infringements soon crowded upon Mr. Whit- 
ney's patent and "he had the mortification to see himself plundered 
of the benefits of his invention," on account of the defectiveness of 
the patent laws of that period. The cost of prosecution and main- 
taining his rights exceeded his returns from machines sold in the 
state of Georgia; but with the Carolinas he was able to contract on 
his patent .so that a small pittance w;as left him. 

It was while he was engaged in the work of building cotton gins 

*At tile first Centennial Celebraliun (it the town, eommemorated June ir)th, 
1880, the original model of the cotton g-jn, made by the inventor. Kli Whitney, 
was exhibited by his grandson, Kli Whitney, Jr. 



niSTORV OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 303 

for South Carolina, that Mr. Whitney returned to New Haven, where 
he later became interested in the water power at Mill Rock. He had. 
in this period, frequently visited Washington in the interest of his 
patent and had made a favorable impression upon President Jefferson 
and other officials of the national government, so that when he ap- 
plied for a contract to furnish a new supply of fire arms and offered 
to establish an armory to build the same, his propositions were treat- 
ed with favorable consideration. He secured a contract June 14th, 
1798, to build 10,000 stand of muskets, at $13.40, the whole to be 
completed inside of two years. For the faithful performance of this, 
a bond of $80,000 was exacted. 

"When we consider his extremely discouraging experience with 
the cotton gin, which he had about given up as an unprofitable ven- 
ture, and that he was now left with a very limited capital, we must 
greatly admire the spirit of enterprise which prompted him to make 
this new venture; and in view of the obstacles to be overcome it does 
not seem possible that he had fully estimated the difficulty of the un- 
dertaking. He had no works, no raw material collected, no skilled me- 
chanics to assist him, no great reputation as a manufacturer (being 
but six years out of college), with no reserve of capital on which he 
might draw — everything had to be created. But undaunted by what 
would appear as insurmountable obstacles to most persons, he began 
his labors in the future Whitneyville by an innovation upon the prevail- 
ing system of manufacture which should immortalize his name even 
more than the invention of the cotton gin. He established his 
armory and supplied it with machinery which took the place of hand 
labor, and in which instead of finishing one fire arm at a time, hun- 
dreds of interchangeable parts were made, each of which could be 
adapted to its place without reference to a particular musket. He 
was the pioneer of the so-called Uniformity system of working in 
factories, by means of which many complex operations are reduced 
to a series of simple processes, which need but to be faithfully 
followed to achieve the desired end." But to accomplish this he gave 
his works the most untiring attention, laboring with his own hands 
early and late, scarcely deeming it possible to be absent a single 
hour, and unstintingly supplemented his genius by his habits of in- 
dustry. With all this purpose and application he could not complete 
his contract in the specified time, and it required ten years instead of 
two to bring it to a successful finish. Yet ,so great was the confidence 
of the government in the success of his undertaking, that it made 
him liberal advances, so that on final settlement, Mr. Whitney's bal- 
ance was but $2,450. 

The system of manufacturing which Eli Whitney inaugurated 
and the improvements he made in the fire arms produced in his arm- 
ory, were recognized by the government and, in 1812, another con- 
tract was made with him for 15,000 stand of arms. He also contract- 



■^04 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ed to build arms for the state of New York. How well he succeeded 
is attested by the letter of Governor Tompkins of that state, under 
date of May, 1814: " I have visited Mr. Whitney's establishment at New 
Haven and have no hesitation in saying that I consider it the most 
perfect I have ever .seen, and I believe it is well understood that few 
persons in this country .surpass Mr. Whitney in talents as a mechanic 
or in experience as a manufacturer of muskets. Those which he 
made for us are generally supposed to exceed in form and quality all 
the muskets either of foreign or domestic fabrication, belonging to 
the state, and are iiniversally preferred and selected by the most com- 
petent judges." 

Mr. Whitney continued his improvements until his death and was 
the first to use milling machines in the manufacture of arms. Many 
of the tools used in the most complete armories of the present time 
had their germs m those used in the Hamden works, more than half 
a century ago, and the best features of his system have been adopted 
at other armories under the tutorage of workmen trained by him. 

His work was not wholly limited to his mechanic pursuits but in 
various ways he left his impress upon the pages of the town's history, 
instituting improvements which have proved to be of great value. 
He died January yth, 182."), aged about 60 years, and his tomb, in the 
cemetery at New Haven bears the following epitaph: 

KLl WHITNEY 

" The Inventor of the Cotton Gin. 

Of Useful Science and Arts the efficient Patron and Improver. 

In the relations of life a model of excellence. 

While private affectii^ii weeps at liistomb, his coimtrv honors his memory." 

After the death of Eli Whitney, the armory remained in charge of 
his nephews, Eli Whitney Blake and Philo Blake until 1835 when, for 
seven years, the trustee of the Whitney estate. Ex-(jOvernor Edwards, 
managed it. In 1842 Eli Whitney, Jr., the only son of the founder of 
the armory, assumed the immediate control of it. and having im- 
proved the power and the machinery, commenced the manufacture of 
the then new rifle, of the " Harper's Ferry " pattern, in which he was 
very successful. He also possessed a mechanical genius of a high 
order, which he applied to the development of the armory, so that in 
18r)2 an atithority •■ on these matters wrote: " The Whitneyville Armory, 
property of the Whitney Arms Co., is now one of the largest in the 
United States. It is located near New Haven, in the state of Con- 
necticut, and has a capacity for employing over five hundred men, 
being supplied with all the modern improved machinery, and now 
under the control of the son and grandson of the founder, who have 
added many valuable improvements." 

.Since that account was written the plant and its equipments have 
been mucii improved, and arms equal to the best in the world have 

'General C. 15. Norton. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 805 

been here manufactured. In 1S64 the Whitney Arms Company was 
chartered as an incorporated body by the legislature of the state, 
Eli Whitney being the president and principal stockholder of the 
company. Eli Whitney, Jr., long shared with his father the office of 
treasurer of the corporation and under their management this con- 
tinues to be the most extensive interest in the town, but from its 
location is also practically one of the industries of New Haven. 

The manufacture of carriage hardware and goods pertaining to 
the carriage trade is one of the oldest and has been one of the 
most important industries in the town. It is also claimed that 
in Hamden have originated several enteri^rises of this nature, 
which have been developed into vast interests in other locali- 
ties. To Captain Jonathan Mix, who was an occasional resident 
of Hamden, were granted letters patent in 1807, 1808 and 1811 for 
some of the first carriage springs in the country. But to Elam Ives, 
2d, must belong the credit of conceiving that the manufacture of 
goods other than the products of the ordinary mills, could be carried 
on successfully in the town. In the exemplification of that idea he 
spent much of his means about 1830 to erect a large factory building, 
near his house, below Mt. Carmel, and adapted it so that the waste 
water from the canal could be utilized to supply power. In this he 
was in a great measure successful, and his building was not long idle. 
Some time about 1833 he and other members of the Ives family — 
Parsons. Jason and Henry — fitted it up with machinery for making 
iron carriage axles. They used turning lathes and boring machinery 
of much the same pattern as are still used in modern establishments, 
and had one of the pioneer shops in America equipped in that manner. 
Until their products were placed on the market, nearly all the wagon 
axles were of wood, with iron skeins and fittings: and what few iron 
axles were used in America were wrought by hand, cumbersome in 
appearance and fitted to the wheel only after a vast amount of 
hand grinding and filing. The advantages of using axles such as the 
Ives Brothers manufactured were soon appreciated and resulted in a 
demand which gave the products of the Mt. Carmel Axle Works a 
wide sale and which has been continued to the present time. 

The works were operated at the Elam Ives place until abotrt 
the time the canal was abandoned, when they were removed to the 
site of the " Hunt " or " Kimberly '" mill, near the base of Mt. Carmel. 
which was improved to its new use. At that place the works have 
since been continued, but in 1890 the btijldings formerly occupied 
were not all in use. Upon the retirement of Henry Ives, his son 
Frederick became an active or managing partner, having as his as.so- 
ciate the present owner, Willis E. Miller, and operating as Ives & 
Miller. The latter was the inventor of an improved axle and the 
works have been supplied with proper machinery to manufacture them 
in the best manner, and to preserve the fine standard of the goods. 
19 



30G msroKv of \?;\v haven county. 

The manufacture of light carriage hardware in Hamden was begun 
in is: 55 by James Ives, .the youngest son of l^^lam Ives, the owner of 
the old axle works building, in which the new enterprise was also 
begun as the Mt. Carmel Brass Works. An earlier occupant here was 
Willis Churchill, who manufactured brass surgical instruments. 
Young Ives had been apprenticed to him, but when Churchill located 
at Augerville Ives began work on his own account and upon an entirely 
different line of goods, making brass hub bands, harness trimmings, 
etc. His wares were so much lighter and more attractive than the 
imported goods that they soon found favor, and his business prospered. 
In ]<S4'2 the brass works were removed to the Andrew Hall mill seat, 
on the river, half a mile east from the canal, which he had improved 
in ISUf). Not long after the removal the works were destroyed by 
fire, when much larger buildings were erected by James Ives & Co., 
George F. H. Read being associated with him as a silent partner. 
With these enlarged facilities, operations were carried on until ISof), 
when the Brass Company was succeeded by the Ives-Pardee Manu- 
facturing Company. The new corporation purchased the property of 
the defunct Malleable Iron Works, at the same water power, and also 
built a large brick brass foundry with twelve furnaces. But after a 
few years of prosperity reverses came and the company was bank- 
rupted. The propert}' now pas.sed to James Ives and J. A. Granniss 
and after nine years of hard labor, the reputation of the works was 
fully re-established. In 1871 the owners of the works were Ives, 
Woodiuff & Co., in 1883 Woodruff, Miller & Co.. and in 1888 Walter 
W. Woodruff & wSons — Arthur E. and Harry P. The works have a 
fine water power and the buildings are spacious and well arranged. 
Employment is given to '.)() men. 

More centrally located, in the village were the works of the Mt. 
Carmel Manufacturing Company, composed of Joseph Granniss, Ira 
Smith, Andrew .Smith and others, which were engaged in the manu- 
facture of small carriage malleables. A substantial brick building 
was occupied until the removal of that industry to Ansonia. In 1890 
this building and one formerly used by GrannLss & Russell, in the 
manufacture of patent carriage poles were idle. Close at hand were 
the works of the Mt. Carmel Bolt Company, organized in 1880, 
officered in 1890 by Willis E. Miller, president: Samuel J. Hayes, 
treasurer; and L. H. Bassett, superintendent. Edward P. McLane, the 
master mechanic, invented some of the machines used in the works, 
in the manufacture of tire bolts, rivets, nuts, etc., most of which are 
made of steel. The works are of brick, liaving a lineal measure of 
140 feet, and the motor is steam from a 100 horse power boiler. About 
fifty men are usually employed. 

Among the abandoned industries, in connection with the carriage 
trade, may be noted spring making, carried on many years ago by 
Charles Brockett and Augustus Dickerman. Many useful inventions 



HISTORY OF NEW HA\EN COUNTY. 307 

of carriage goods have also been made by citizens of Hamden, which 
cannot be here particularized. 

Less than a mile below Centerville, on the east bank of Mill river 
is a small manufacturing hamlet called Augerville, from the fact that 
it owes its existence to the production of boring tools, etc., in a factory 
at that place. The industry was established nearly half a century ago 
by Willis Churchill, who first worked on a small scale. In a few j-ears 
the three Churchill Brothers— J., N. and L. — succeeded him, but in 
1858 the Willis Churchill Manufacturing Company took charge of the 
works, which were largely extended by that corporation. In 1857 the 
Hamden Auger Compan}', of which W. A. Ives was the president, was 
formed and operated until March, 1863, when the interests pa.s.sed 
to W. A. Ives & Co., also a joint corporation, of which W. A. Ives 
was the managing head, until his death in 1888. That company was 
succeeded. May 11th. 1889, by the Hamden Manufacturing Company, 
a corporation with a capital of $50,000, and H. P. Shares, president; 
Charles I. Benham, secretary: and Jared Benham, treasurer and mana- 
ger. The plant embraces a roomy factory, having steam and water 
power, and is well located. vSixty men are employed and many kinds 
of boring tools and other goods are produced. 

The Candee Rubber Works of New Haven, had their beginning 
in Hamden. They were established at Centerville in the fall of 1843 
by the firm of L. Candee & Co., which was composed of Leverett 
Candee, Henry Hotchkiss and Julius Hotchkiss, having a capital of 
$6,000. Leverett Candee had been licensed the preceding year by 
Charles Goodyear to apply his discovery to the manufacture of rubber 
shoes, which he succeeded in doing so successfully that a new industry 
was assured, but not until after a few years' trial and distrust, on the 
part of the consumers. The first shoes were made on the buskin style 
and were placed with dealers for sale on commission. For some years 
the goods were affected by atmospheric changes and the rubber 
coating readily di.scolored, but by the application of an elastic varnish, 
which was originated in the Candee factory, that difficulty was over- 
come, with the result of an increased demand for the products. 
Another impetus was given to the business in 1848, when the validity 
of the Goodyear patent was established. It now became necessary to 
increase the capital and working capacity. The Hamden fac- 
tory was enlarged, but it soon became evident that it was too remote 
from a commercial center to afford adequate facilities, and in 1850 part 
of the business was transferred to New Haven. In 1852 the corpo- 
rate stock company of L. Candee & Co. was formed, with a capital 
of $200,000. In Hamden 150 men were now employed, but in 1859 all the 
interests were concentrated in New Haven and the Hamden factory 
was abandoned. 

In 1863 the plant in Hamden was rented by Bela A. Mann, Ward 
Coe and Joseph N. Leavenworth for the purpose of weaving elastic 



308 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

webbino- goods. ()peration.s were begun on a small scale, one loom 
only betno- used at first. This was constructed on the spot by Bela A. 
Mann and he also designed and manufactured the other necessary 
machinery, for which he received letters patent. Other improve- 
ments were made and the business increased. In October, 1865. the 
New Haven Web Company, which had been formed in 18(U to carry 
on this industry, increased its capital to $6f),(HKi. In January, 1866, 
the old rubber works property, in Hamden, was purchased and thor- 
ouahly adapted to the new u.se. In September, 1875, the works were 
destroyed by fire, but they were at once rebuilt, and m January, 1876. 
a three-storv brick factory, 45 by 125 feet, was ready for use. In 1884, 
80 feet more were added to its length and at different periods other 
buildinos were erected, including a large dye house, store house, barns, 
etc., and the factory was equipped to its present standard, having, in 
1890 110 looms and attendant machinery in operation. Nearly all of 
this was manufactured at the works by the company under the direc- 
tion of Bela A. Mann, who has been the superintendent and manager 
since the inception of the enterpn.se. The motors are water, operat- 
ing two wheels, and steam, and 150 persons are given occupation. 
All kinds of webbing goods for suspenders, in plain and fancy weav- 
ing are produced and sold through the company's store m New York 
city In the plant are, besides the manufacturing buildings, a number 
of neat hou.ses which afford homes for about thirty families. Henry 
L. Hotchkiss IS the president of the company and Ward Coe the 
secretary and treasurer. The capital remains $60,000. 

On the Mill river, more than a mile above this point, are the Clark 
Silk Mills, established in 1875 by R. S. Clark. They were carried on 
by him with a fair degree of success about a dozen years, m the 
manufacture of thread, floss, embroidery, etc. In 1890 his son, H. D 
Clark, occupied part of the mill, manufacturing a patent silk covered 
cotton thread. At this place is a good power and a fine pond, with 
picturesque surroundings. The mill building is large and would 
accommodate a greater industry than its pre.sent use. 

Previous to engaging in this business, R. S. Clark was engaged in 
Hamden in the manufacture of small bells, commencing in 1867 in 
company with H. D. Smith at the Ives & Granni.ss building. In 1871, 
Clark became the sole owner and the following year purchased the 
above power, to which place the busine.ss was transferred. Many 
kinds of small bells were made. 

John T. Henry's vShear Factory was established in the northern 
part of Hamden in 1859, chiefly for the manufacture of pruning shears 
of his own invention. Other forms of shears were later made, the 
products being in good demand not only in this but in foreign coun- 
tries. In more recent years the manufacture of small tools was 
added. Steam power is used and about a dozen men are employed. 
Among the smaller industries was the manufacture of sewing 



HISTORY OF NEW HA\EN COUNTY. 309 

machine needles, for 21 years, by J. E. & S. D. Smith, when it was 
transferred to Cleveland, Ohio. In the old needle works others were 
engaged in kindred pursuits. Wooding & Bradley occupying it in 1890 
in the manufacture of sewing machine needles and employing a few 
men. Water power is supplied from the Beers mill. This is located 
on Mill river, a short distance below Mt. Carmel station, and has a 
small capacity. Near by was a shop for the manufacture of small 
wood work, such as knobs, and later was used by Beers & Fenn as a 
wheel shop. The old building was burned and a new one, rebuilt by 
Philos Beers, was used in the manufacture of fertilizers. In 1879 A. J. 
Doolittle became the owner and in 1890 Ira W. Beers was the proprie- 
tor. The power was steam. The old mill was operated by George 
Beers. At the station Jolin E. Andrews & Sons also had steam mills 
of small capacity, used to manufacture flour, feed and lumber — the 
industry being but recently established. 

D. W. Shares invented and patented horse hoeing and planting 
machines, which have been manufactured by him to some extent and 
used with most satisfactory results. Other farming utensils have been 
made by him which have also secured him fame, a coulter harrow tak- 
ing the highest premium at three successive state fairs. His inven- 
tions rank well as labor saving devices, and merit an extended use. 

The manufacture of bricks in Hamden has for many years been a 
most important industry, in which scores of men have been employed 
and which has brought thousands of dollars into the town. Nearly 
all the yards in the Wilmot Brook valley have been discontinued, many 
of them being set to other uses a quarter of a century ago; but in the 
Ouinnipiac valley the industry flourishes greatly. In both localities 
bricks were made as long since as 1645, but probably to no great extent 
until within the present century. With the construction of better 
roads and the means of shipment afforded by the railroads came an 
increase of manufacture of Quinnipiac brick, the product as long ago 
as 1886 being 8,000,000 per year. The clay in this locality is very su- 
perior and appears in almost inexhaustible deposits which insure 
permanency to the industry. In recent periods the yearly product 
has been largely increased by the employment of modern brick mak- 
ing machinery and the use of bituminous coal instead of wood. In 
late years the annual output has reached nearly 80,000,000 bricks. 
Some of the principal manufacturers have been H. P. Shares and 
Samuel P. Crafts, the latter being the head of the Ouinnipiac Brick 
Company. 

In the town are a number of hamlets whose limits are hard to 
define, as their population is mu:h diffused on the surrounding farms, 
and in some localities, especially on the old Cheshire road, one hamlet 
appears to run into the other. The nucleuses of these clusters are the 
meeting houses or the old manufacturing plants, but in all the town 
there is no prominent center which has ab.sorbed the principal busi- 



310 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ness or professional interests, as in most other rural towns. The 
nearest approach to such a place in Hamden is Centerville, which has 
some village-like aspects. Here are the fine new town hall, the Epis- 
copal church and the Rectory school, several public buildings, a good 
Masonic Lodge and the works of the New Haven Web Company. The 
inhabitants number several hundred and the place has an attractive 
and homelike appearance. The post ofhce which is maintained here 
bears the name of Hamden, and was kept many years by Leverett 
Hitchcock. In 1878 he was succeeded by Jesse Warner, the present 
postmaster, whose administration was interrupted for four years, end- 
ing in April, 1889, when (rilbert vS. Benham was the postmaster. 

South of this place is the hamlet of Augerville, having less than a 
hundred inhabitants, whose interest in centered in the auger and tool 
factory at that place. It is dependent upon the stores of Centerville 
and there are no public places or churches. 

North from the center are the hamlets of Ivesville and Mt. Carmel 
the former having a railway station until a few years ago. Near by is 
the Catholic church, and there are several halls and stores. The Mt. 
Carmel Water Company furnishes water for the half a thousand inhabit- 
ants, most of whom are employed in the shops in this locality. The 
Mt. Carmel post office was kept many j^ears by James Ives, succeeded 
in 1885 by William Hitchcock who. after five years, gave place to 
Lyman H. Bassett. In this locality are several very fine homes. 

Nearer the foot of the mount, is Mt. Carmel station, where are the 
old axle works, mills, stores and the Mt. Carmel meeting house. In 
the spring of IS'JO the Mt. Carmel Center post ofifice was here estab- 
lished, with George L. Andrews as postmaster. As this locality is now 
invested with more individuality, it will improve more than it has in 
the past. 

Having the character of hamlets are the settlements at Warner- 
town, in the northwe.stern part of Hamden. and Hamburg along the 
southern line of the town, the latter being suburban to New Haven. 
North is the M. E. church. 

At Mill Rock, pleasantly and also picturesquely located, is \Vhit- 
neyville, named for its founder, Eli Whitney, in the beginning of the 
present century. His first improvement, of a residence nature, was 
a row of two-story tenements for the workmen in his armory. Higher 
up stream the Ivast Plain Congregational meeting house was erected 
and, between these extremes, residences, some of pretty appearance, 
have been built. Its proximity to New Haven prevents it from being 
a business place, so that the post office, of wliich Jesse Cooper was the 
postmaster, has been discontinued. 

In the town liave resided as physicians Doctor Chauncey Foote, 
and for many years Doctor ICdwin D. Swift, who is still in practice, 
residing near Centerville. Doctor C). F. Treadwell has been a con- 
temporary practitioner on the Plains, and since the spring of 1890, 
Doctor George H. Joslyn has practiced from an office at Mt. Carmel. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. :S1 1 

Day Spring Lodge, No. 30, F. & A. M., was instituted in Hamden 
on the petition of vSamuel Bellamy, Amasa Bradley, Ezra Kimberly, 
Leverett Kimberly, George H. Bristol, Tiilley Crosby, Levi Tuttle, 
Simeon Goodyear and Job Mnnson. A warrant was granted by the 
Grand Lodge of Connecticut, JNlay 15th, 17U4, and on the .SOth of 
December, the same year, that body was convened at the house of 
.Samuel Bellamy for the purpose of effecting a permanent organiza- 
tion of Day Spring Lodge, No. 30. This house stood near the old 
canal above the Mt. Carmel meeting house and was also the place 
where subsequent early meetings were held. In ISO^ the Lodge secured 
a room in the house of a Airs. Barber, and in 1810 the house of Eliph- 
alet Gregory became the place of meeting. The latter was for a 
time used as a public house and was destroyed by fire many years ago. 

The first officers of the Lodge were: vSamuel Bellamy,W. M.; George 
W. Bristol, .S. B.: Amasa Bradley, J. W.: and Luman Frisbie, tyler. 
Among the early admis.sions were Elias Hotchkiss and Jared Good- 
year. After 1828 the communications were irregularly held and for 
half a dozen years appear to have been suspended. In May, 1836, a 
full set of officers was again elected, embracing Leverett Hitchcock, 
M.; Doctor C. B. Foote, S. W.; Julius S. Tolles, J. W.; Elam Warner, 
T.; Lewis Goodyear, S.; Leverett Hotchkiss, S. D.; James Wiles, J. D.; 
Eli Hull, T. and vS. It is probable that these were chosen simply to 
keep up the organization, but it appears that even if no communica- 
tions were held, it was deemed best, in view of the opposition against 
Masonry in that period, to surrender the charter. This was done in 
1838. 

In May, 1870, through the efforts of Norris B. Mix, the old charter 
was restored, and the Lodge has since kept up its organization, in- 
creasing in numbers and influence. In 1890 there were about 90 
members and the communications were held in an elegant room in 
the town hall, which was occupied, after appropriate ceremonies, in 
October, 1888. Prior to that and after March, 1875. the place of meet- 
ing was in Warner's Hall. 

Since its reorganization the masters have been Gilbert S. Benham, 
George L. Clark, Elbert A. Doolittle, Walter Hoyles, Francis J. Hin- 
man, Charles H. Kimberly, Norris B. Mix, William W. Price, David 
C. Sanderson, William F. Smith, Ernest C. Spencer, George A.Tucker. 

In recent years the Lodge has admitted from five to eight mem- 
bers a year and it is the only important organization of this nature in 
the town. 

Public schools were first provided by the Mt. Carmel and East 
Plain ecclesiastical societies and in the course of years nin^ districts 
were established. These were later subdivided or consolidated until 
the number the past few years has been thirteen, in three of which 
two schools each have been taught. These sixteen schools and the 
interest of the town in the several joint districts are maintained at a 



312 HISTORY OF Ni:\V HAVEN COUNTY. 

yearly ouUay of about $r),8Ul). About two-thirds of this amount is 
raised by direct taxation. More than four hundred families are rep- 
resented in the schools, in which are over 800 children of school age. 
The character of the schools has been elevated, as compared with 
former years, but probably not as great a degree of proficiency has 
been attained as if the union were more close. A scheme to consoli- 
date the districts was defeated in 1M70. Each district has its own 
committee man and in 1889 Elias Dickerman was the school visitor. 

Select schools of good reputation have been conducted by mem- 
bers of the Dickerman and Everest families, both of which have been 
active in promoting the cause of education in the town. 

In 1843 Reverend Charles W. Everest began an enterprise at Cen- 
terville in connection with his duties as the rector of the Episcopal 
parish, which was successfully contintied by him many years. It was 
a boarding and training school for boys, known as the Rectory School. 
On the old Deacon Hart place south of the corners, he began his 
buildings in 1844, adding to the number or enlarging from time to 
time as the patronage required. From four boys, at the beginning, 
there were, before the close of the second year, a dozen in attendance, 
and .several assi.stants were employed. In the tenth year there were 
4.") pupils, and not long after he reached his desired maximum num- 
ber, 65. The pupils were early dressed in ivniform, the West Point 
gray being adopted, and were instructed in military tactics, which be- 
came distinguishing features in the life of the school, and added to 
its reputation. There were half a dozen efficient instructors and the 
school had a large degree of prosperity until Mr. Everest was so much 
enfeebled by age that he could no longer give it his individual atten- 
tion. 

Not the least result connected with the school was the creation of 
the fine grounds, buildings, etc., of the institution, which were attrac- 
tive, and to this day form one of the pleasantest objects of the village 
of Centerville. This beautifying influence extended beyond his own 
grounds, and to his taste and zeal the people of Hamden are indebted 
for many of the fine trees in this locality. 

After being closed a number of years against use for school pur- 
poses, the two sons of the honored former principal re-opened the 
building as a boys' boarding school, in September, 1885, and have since 
been conducting it with fair promise of restoring it to its former high 
position. 

Most of the early inhabitants of the present town, living south of 
Mt. Carmel, first attended church at New Haven. In 1718 the parish 
of North Haven was formed, composed of forty families, twelve of 
which lived in Hamden. Those living in the northern part attended 
the church in Cheshire. In the coTirse of forty years the population 
of this section had so much increased that separate parish privileges 
were demanded. Thev were afforded by the act of 1757, which con- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 313 

stituted the parish of Mt. Carmel, within which the first ecclesiastical 
society was org'anized, January 31st, 1758. Daniel Bradley moderated, 
Samuel Atwater was chosen clerk, and Andrew Goodyear, Samuel 
Dickerman and Ithamar Todd were chosen the first society committee. 
Provision was made for winter preaching that year, and steps taken 
to secure a permanent place of worship. 

In 176(»-1 the meeting house was built. Originally it was to be a 
plam frame, but it was afterward voted to add a turret, certain men 
of the society having agreed to bear the expense of that addition. 
The interior was after the manner of the better meeting houses of 
that period — there being square pews, "dignified seats," for the aged 
and those in authority, and a massive sounding board over the pulpit. 
Near by were the customary " Sabba-day " houses in which tho.se com- 
ing from a distance could refresh and warm themselves while waiting 
for the second service of the day. In the church building there were 
no means for heating other than foot stoves until 1832, when the .stove 
still in use in the basement was procured. 

After serving its purpose about eighty years, the old meeting house 
was displaced by the present edifice, which is near the site of the 
old one, and which was selected only after several years agitation and 
wtirm discussion. The present edifice is also a frame and rests on a 
basement in which are vestry and other rooms. It was dedicated June 
loth, 1840, and has since been repaired and improved. In I860 a heat- 
ing furnace was supplied. Ten years later the house was remodelled 
at a cost of $2,000 ; and in 1872 a pipe organ, costing $1,200, was pro- 
cured. The last improvements were made in 1888, when the building 
was painted and attractively frescoed. The parsonage was built in 
1854 and has also been materially improved. 

Although they began to worship by them.selves in 1760 the people 
of the parish were not gathered into a regular church organization 
until January 26th, 1764, when "The Church in Mount Carmel" was 
duly constituted by a council at which were present the pastors of the 
Cheshire church. Reverend Samuel Hall, and of the North Haven 
church. Reverend Benjamin Trumbull. Of the latter church 
eighteen members now connected with the new body. The 46 persons 
who covenanted together to form the Mt. Carmel church were the 
following: Daniel Sperry. Andrew Goodyear, Daniel Bradley, Wait 
Chatterton, Jesse Blacksly, Amos Bradley, Amos Peck, Solomon Doo- 
little, Jonathan Ailing, Caleb Andrews, Benjamin Pardee, Jonathan 
Dickerman, Daniel Bradley, Jr., Benjamin Hotchkiss, Nathan Ailing, 
Elisha Bradley, Jabez Bradley, Jo.seph Ives, Joel Bradley, Abraham 
Chatterton, John Munson, Isaac Dickerman, David Sperry, Abigail 
tiradley, Mary Bradley, ^lary Dickerman, Anna Ailing, Mary Bellamy, 
Martha Hitchcock, Mabel Ba.s.sett, Hannah Pardee, Elizabeth Peck, 
Mary Sperry, Jerusha Doolittle, Martha Brooks, Mary Granniss. Joanna 
Chatterton, Esther Eradlev, Marv Allino-, Marv Bradlev, Hannah 



314 HISTORY OF XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

(Toodyear, Abigail Bradley, Lydia Munson, Dinah Sperry, Esther 
Sperry, Anna vSperry. 

After the church was formed, and prior to 1780, 90 more members 
were added to the rolls, the males beino;: Bazel Munson, Simeon 
Bristol, Phineas Castle, Abraham Todd. Samuel Atwater, Stephen 
Goodyear, A.sa Goodyear, Gamaliel Bradley, Daniel Rexford. Jr.. James 
Ives, Samuel Hitchcock, Elisha Mallory, Abiah Warner, Theophilus 
Goodyear, Joel Todd, Job Todd, Timothy Goodyear, .Samuel Lee, 
Thomas Ives, Benjamin Ford, Daniel Goodyear, Jared Bassett, Chaun- 
cey Dickerman, Hezekiah Bassett, Abraham Norton, Eliakim Mallory, 
Samuel Hitchcock. Jason Bradley, Titus Goodyear, Jesse Dickerman, 
He^skiah Warner, Enos Atwater, Caleb Doolittle, Usal Mansfield. John 
Goodyear, Jeremiah Ives, Enos Dickerman and Caleb Andrews, Jr. 

The church has had an aggregate membership of nearly 800, and 
in 1890 the number belonging was 140, which was a good percentage 
of the population of the Mt. Carmel region. 

The deacons of the church, with dates of their appointments, have 
been : Daniel Bradley, nCS: Amos Peck, 1768; Stephen Goodyear, 
1773: Daniel Bradley, 1783; Asa Goodyear, 1803: Aaron Bradley, 1808; 
Lyman Goodyear, 1828; Ezra Dickerman, 1828; Marcus Goodyear, 
1840; Elihu Dickerman, 1840; Willis Goodyear, 1861; Joshua Carpenter. 
1869; Andrew H. Smith, 1871; George H. Alien, 1880; E. P. ]\IcLane, 
1882, and reelected in 1886 and 1889. 

The church did not have a regular pastor until five years after it 
was organized, and there have been many changes in the ministerial 
office. The regular and acting pastors have been the following: Rev- 
erend Nathaniel Sherman, ordained May 18th, 1709, dismissed August, 
1772; Joseph Perry, ordained October l.")th, 1783, dismissed in the 
year 1790: Asa Lyman, ordained September 9th, 1800, dismissed April 
26th, 1803: John Hyde, ordained May 20th, 1800, dismissed in Janu- 
ary, 1811: Eliphalet B. Coleman, ordained February 5th, 1812, dismiss- 
ed November 9th, 182;"); Stephen Hubbell, ordained May 19th, 1830, 
dismis.sed in May, 1830; James Birney, ordained June 14th, 1842, dis- 
missed March 29th, 1846; Israel P. Warren, D. I)., installed July 8th, 
1846, dismissed vSeptember 23d, 18r)L D. H. Thayer, ordained January 
5th, 1853, dismis.sed May 20th, 1866: John Hyde DeForest, ordained 
May 24th, 1871, dismissed August 7th, 1874; George C. Miln, installed 
December 29th. 1874, dismissed January loth, 1877: Robert C. Bell, 
installed April iOth. 1879, to August 7lh, ]88l: L. H. Higgins was the 
acting pastor from October 23d, 1881, till June, 1888. Since October 
13th, 1888, the acting pastor has been Reverend Clarence Greeley, who 
graduated from Yale in 1886 and since that time has taken post gradu. 
ate courses at Yale and Harvard. 

Usually the ministers of the church have also performed the duties 
of church clerk, but from 1870 until 1889 the clerk was L. A. Dicker- 
man. He was succeeded by the present (1890) clerk, Arthur E. Wood- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 815 

ruff. The .society clerks have been: 1758, Samuel Atwater; 1773, Dan- 
iel Bradley; 1786, Samuel Bellamy; 1789. Elisba Chapman: 1795, 
Josiah Root; 1804, Hezekiah Bassett, Jr.; 1813, Jason Dickernian; 1818, 
Lyman Goodyear; 182o, Ambrose Tuttle: 1827, Ezra Dickerman; 1832, 
Parsons Ives; 1840. Hobart Ives; 1847, Lucius Ives; 1856, Amos-B. 
Peck; 1858, L. A. Dickerman; 1868. D. H. Cooper; 1871, J. B. Jacobs; 
1888, Elam J. Dickerman. The last named. Homer Tuttle and Jes.se 
Jacobs, constituted the standing committee in 1890. Wilbur Ives was 
the superintendent of the Sabbath school, which has about one hun- 
dred members. Reverend George A. Dickerman has been raised up 
as a Congregational minister, and a former pastor, Reverend J. H. 
De Forest, became a missionary to Japan. 

A ministerial fund or fund for the support of the Gospel, was 
raised by .subscription of the members in 1800. Originally it was 
$8,000, but it has become somewhat reduced. Revenues from the sale 
of pews have been derived and used since June, 1849. 

.Soon after the revolutionary war some of the inhabitants living 
in the southern part of the town who belonged to the Fair Haven 
and other churches in the city of New Haven, desired a society 
in their midst, or at least a place of worship in their locality. The 
former object appearing at that time impracticable, they contented 
themselves with establishing a place of worship in the southwest dis- 
trict. After a time, with a view of accommodating the people living 
.still more remote from the New Haven meeting houses, this place of 
worship was moved to the house of Captain Mix, who lived on the 
Hamden East Plain. This move dissatisfied Caleb Ailing and others, 
who first met with them, and who now set up separate meetings at 
his house, which were continued a number of years. In spite of this 
division of interest and strength, the meetings at Captain Mix's were 
continued, and some time about 1793 it was proposed and carried out 
by those who were wont to assemble there that a meeting house be 
built in the same locality. " It stood precisely where the Methodist 
church now stands. It was a cheap and unsightly building, having 
but few attractions, and for many years at least there never was any 
fire in it. The people assembled there in the coldest weather without 
a spark of fire, and it stood in a very cold, bleak place. If the wind 
blows anywhere it is sure to blow on Hamden Plain."* It is probable 
that the meeting house was not wholly completed until after the 
regular organization of the church in Hamden East Plain. This took 
place August 18th, 1795, the work of constituting being done by a 
council compo,sed of delegates and mini.sters from the neighboring 
churches. The constituent members were three males: Charles 
Ailing, Abraham i\.lling and Asa Gilbert; and nine females, namely: 
Hannah Ailing, Abigail Ailing, Mary Gilbert, Eleanor Carrington, 
Hannah Bassett, Sybil Andrews, Desire Humislon, Sarah Turner and 

*Frnm Reverend .\ustin Putnam's discourse. 



316 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Rebecca Mix. On the same day the church was formed, Moses Ford, 
Jabez Turner and Timothy Andrews joined by a profession of their 
faith, and these fifteen persons were the nucleus of a bodv which has 
become strong- and vigorous, and whose aggregate membership 
approximates Hoo. In 1S90 the number belonging was more than 200. 

For more than two years the church was without a pastor, and 
often there was no minister, when Abraham Ailing usually led the 
meetings, exhorting or reading printed sermons to his fellow mem- 
bers. He was also gifted in prayer, and was well fitted to be the leader 
of this small band of Christians, who extended him a unanimous call 
to become their first pastor. He accepted and was ordained October 
19th, 1797, and after a pastorate of 25 years was dismissed, at his own 
request, October 22d, 1822. He continued to reside on his farm, three 
miles northwest of the meeting hou.se, until his death, July 22d, 1837, 
at the advanced age of 83 years. In his ministry 81 persons were 
added to the church, all but ten by profession of their faith. 

"After the dismission of Mr. Ailing the church was destitute of a 
pastor for sixteen years, and it is a singular fact that during that 
period about 240 different preachers officiated. In this time of no 
pastor and of many preachers the church was reduced to a state of 
extreme feebleness, discouragement and depression, insomuch that it 
even despaired of life."- Some of these supplies, however, were men 
of great ability, among them being Reverend X. \V. Taylor, D.D., of 
New Haven, who was the minister about eighteen months. In May, 
183:5, George E. Delevan began his labors with the church, being 
ordained as an evangelist June 19th the same year in the old meeting 
house, and soon thereafter began the work of building a new house 
of worship at Whitneyville. In this he had the active support and 
assistance of Deacon Eli Dickerrrian, but others of the members 
strongly oppcsed the removal of the church, and refused to co-operate. 
After much effort, and aided by outside parties, a part of the present 
edifice was built in the spring and summer of 1834, the lecture room 
being first occupied May 25th, 1834. In much that condition the house 
was used more than thirty years when, in 1866, it was rebuilt and 
greatly enlarged. It is now a spacious frame building, with a stone 
basement, fitted up for a lecture room. The main room has a gallery 
on three sides and has a large seating capacity. In 1889 a very fine 
parsonage, costing $4,000, was built on the hill east of the old church 
residence, and all the property is in good condition. 

The .second pastor of the church was Reverend Austin Putnam. 
He first preached here as an evangelist in the fall of 1835, and was 
installed to the pastorate October 31st, 1838, having been induced to 
accept a call while on a second visit to \Vhitneyville. He remained 
continuously in the pastorate until his death, September 2Gth, 1886, at 
the age of 77A years. " For forty-eight years lie filled this place with 

''Churcli Manual, p. ~i. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 317 

faithful service, and made it beautiful by deeds of kindness and sym- 
pathy. Love was the central element of his ministry, and it not only 
made his own life tender and attractive, but molded the feelings of 
the church so that he left it harmonious and united, permeated by his 
spirit, which was that of the Alaster. As a preacher the substance of 
his sermons was Biblical. He delivered them extemporaneously and 
with great energy and earnestness. As a pastor he was tireless in his 
visitations and care. The church was the center of his thoughts — the 
focus that united every energy — and it will always hold his name in 
profoundest reverence and warmest love."* 

In December, 1886, Reverend Charles A. Dinsmore began his 
labors with the church as a supply, and so continued until February 
19th, 1890, when he was installed as the pastor by a council called for 
that purpose. In the summer of 1890 the affairs of the church were 
in a most prosperous condition, and the Sabbath school was also very 
flourishing. Eli G. Dickerman was the superintendent. In the past 
fifty years much attention has been paid to the music of the church,^ 
the choir usually being large, and has in that period been led by 
Lyman Ford, Horace Lord, James M. Payne and Charles P. Augur. 

Since the organization of the church the deacons were chosen as 
follows: 1795, Moses Ford; 179o, Joseph Benham; 1828, Lyman Ford; 
1828, Eli Dickerman; 1834, Eaton Bassett; 1838, Elias Bassett: 1800. 
Darius Webb; 1862, James M. Payne;+ 1869, Oliver W. Treadwell; 
1878, James G. Baldwin; 1878, Harmon Humiston; 1881, Oliver F. 
Treadwell; 1882, Elias Dickerman;! 1884, Henry W. Miinson.+ 

Grace Church (Protestant Episcopal)* was organized in 1790. The 
parish was at first confined to the Mt. Carmel region, and m that part 
of the town the religious services were established. The first meet- 
ings were held in private houses of members until about 1795, when 
a church, 34 by 44 feet, was built at Mt. Carmel. But several years 
more elapsed before suitable furniture and a pulpit could be supplied. 
The church was occasionally visited by clergymen from neighboring 
parishes, but more frequently the services were conducted by lay 
readers, Amasa Bradley, Ezra Bradley and others officiating in that 
capacity. In the course of a few years the meetings were held with 
greater frequency, and for a time clergymen were secured to officiate 
every two weeks. In this way Episcopal ministers from the Cheshire 
church and the academy .served Grace church a number of years. 

In June, 1818, legal measures were taken to make the bounds of 
the parish co-extensive with those of the town. A more central site 
for a church was now demanded, and accordingly, in January, 1819, a 
new church edifice was commenced at Centerville, which was com- 
pleted in the course of the next two years. It was consecrated by 
Bi.shop Brownell, October 14th, 1821. The church building at Mt. 

*Church Manual, 188>!. + Present deacons. J From data by Reverend II. L. 
Everest. 



318 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Carmel was sold and the proceeds applied toward the new church. 
In 1847 the church at Centerville was thoroughly repaired and 
improved, the work involving an outlay of $1,000. Other repairs on 
the building have been made, the most noteworthy being those in 
1874. when the interior was refitted. In 18'.)0 the hou.se afforded com- 
fortable sittings for 2')0 persons. The corporation controlling the 
property had as its wardens: George W. Bradley, .senior, and Jesse 
Cooper, junior: vestrymen. Ira W. Beers. John Collett, Henry \V. 
Austin and George L. Clark. 

For fourteen years the enlarged parish had no resident rector, the 
clergy of New Haven, Cheshire and other parishes ministering here, 
and it was not until 183;") that Reverend John H. Rouse was called to 
take full charge of the parish and become the first resident minister. 
After two years he was succeeded by Reverend Henry Fitch, who was 
the rector six years, resigning on Easter, 184B. In the same vear 
Reverend Charles W. Everest was elected rector, and had full charge 
of the parish until April, 1874, with the exception of one year (1846-7), 
when he officiated in a New Haven church. To help eke out the 
small salary which the parish felt able to pay, he opened the rectory 
school, and with the consent of his parishioners, conducted it 31 years, 
in connection with his church work. This was the largest and most 
successful rectorship in the history of the parish. 

After the resignation of Mr. Everest a number of clergymen had 
charge of Grace church, among them being the Reverends E. Whit- 
combe, Joseph Brewster, Heman R. Timlow, J. E. Walton, Henry 
Tarrant," William B. Walker, A. B. Nichols and" H. L. Everest. The 
service of the latter as rector was terminated in 1887, and in Decem- 
ber of that year he was succeeded by the Reverend H. W. R. Staft'ord, 
who was rector until November, 1888. Since June, 1889, the rector 
has been Reverend Walter Dovvnes Humphrey. 

In the past few years some of the friends of the parish have con- 
tributed a fund for church purposes which amounted to more than 
$4,000 in 1886; and the amount yearly raised for all purposes is about 
$800. 

In 1890 there were in the parish of Grace chi;rch 85 families, which 
furnished 48 communicant members. The Sunday school had 25 
members. A large and increasing foreign element in this part of the 
town has limited the .scope of the parish work, but the church appears 
to he firmly established and has been a useful factor in the com- 
munity. 

Saint Mary's Church (Roman Catholic) is on the highway between 
Centerville and Mt. Carmel, and is the finest church edifice in the 
town. The first public ma.ss in Hamden was celebrated in vSeptember, 
1852, by Father Matthew Hart in a dwelling belonging to Par.sons 
Ives. At that time there were in the town five Catholic families, and 
about thirty members. These were visited once a month by priests 



HISTORY OK NEW JIAVEN COINTV. 319 

from neighboring parishes, who said mass at private houses. In 1856 
Father E. J. O'Brien, of St. ]\Iary's, New Haven, purchased a lot on 
which to build a church to accommodate the increased membership 
of the mission. Upon this site a building used by the old axle works 
was moved and properly fitted up as a place of worship. In 1867 it 
was enlarged, and with other improvements has been used 84 years. 
After being served by the priests of the churches in Wallingford and 
Cheshire (connected with vSouthington) St. Mary's became a perma- 
nent mission of the Wallingford church, and August 11th, 1867, 
Father Hugh Mallon assumed care of it. The Catholics at that time 
numbered 225. Until 1878 Father Mallon labored alone in Hamden 
in connection with his church at Wallingford, but afterward had the 
service of assistant priests and with little exception mass has been 
said once per week. The membership has also been largely increased, 
there being, in 1890, more than 550 Catholics in the parish. Accord- 
ingly, a new and larger church was needed for their better accommo- 
dation, and Father Mallon set about to erect it. A lot south of the 
old building was purchased, on which the foundation walls for a large 
and fine brick edifice were laid in 1888. The superstructure, in the 
Gothic style of architecture, has since been carried to completion, the 
new house being in the summer of 1890 completed for use. It is a 
very handsome building, and when it is completely furnished will cost 
about $20,000, making it superior to any country church of that 
denomination in the county. About half a mile from the church a 
burial ground of half an acre has been consecrated for the use of 
Catholics in Hamden, and a number of interments have there been 
made. St. Mary's was set off from Wallingford as a separate parish 
April 22d, 1891. and Reverend John T. Winters was appointed resi- 
dent priest. 

The Hamden Plains M. E. Church- was built in 1884. The first 
class of Methodists in the town was formed December 27th, 1813, 
and Eli Barnett was the leader. Its members were Sybil Tuttle, 
Amos Benham, Ruth Benham, Timothy Andrews, Rebecca Dorman, 
Sybil Andrews and Isaac Benham. Of these it appears that Sybil, 
the wife of Amasa Tuttle, was the first to profess that faith. In 
about 1810 they moved from Derby to Hamden, and there being no 
other Methodists in the town at that time, she united with the 
newly organized church in New Haven, and through that body preach- 
ing was first held in the town. Mr. Tuttle at that time made no 
profession of religion, but encouraged the purposes of his wife to 
secure regular services, and fitted up a room in his house for the 
meetings. 

As a result of the services, in the summer and fall of 1814 there 
was a revival and forty conversions, which increased the member- 
ship to such an extent that a larger place of worship was demanded, 

*From data by David MacMullon. 



•520 inST<.>RV OF NKW HAVEN COUNTN'. 

which was found in another dwelling- of Amasa Tuttle. This was 
used until a meeting house proper was provided, about six years later. 
It was erected upon land deeded September ]lth. 1SI9. by Ruth Ben- 
ham to the trustees of the society: Abner Wooding, Timothy Andrews. 
Isaac Benham, Amos Benham and Timothy Andrews, Jr. .Several 
years elapsed before it was fully completed, and it was, at its be.st, 
but a very plain building. It was used about fifteen years. 

In the meantime, by the removal of the Congregational church 
to Whitney ville. m 1884. a more central site was made available, and 
it was determined to build a new church on the lot which had been 
abandoned on Hamden Plains. In March, 1S:J4, Merritt Ailing. 
Charles Wooding, Rufus Dorman. Ezra Ailing, 2d, and Jesse Ailing 
were appointed a building committee, who erected a house, which was 
dedicated December 2r)th, 1SH4. Its cost was about S2,3()(). The old 
meeting house was now sold and converted into a dwelling. The new- 
church edifice was remodelled into its present tabernacle form in 1876, 
and a chapel added, which made the property valuable and convenient 
for every use. In 1890 it was reported worth $10.(1(10 and free from 
debt. It is one of the best country Methodist churches in this 
county. 

The church in Hamden has sustained a number of circuit relations, 
but since 1834 has practically been a separate appointment and having 
its own ministers. In 1838 the first parsonage was built and was used 
until 1868, when the present property was purchased. It is vahied at 
$3,000. 

In addition to the class at the church, Methodist members have 
been gathered into classes in other parts of the town and preaching- 
places established at Centerville, Warnertown and other outlying 
localities. These, in most in.stances, were of short duration, as the 
membership was too small to keep up a permanent organization. At 
one time the Methodists of Hamden were stronger, numerically, than 
at present, but at no other period was the church in better financial 
condition than at this time. The Millerite excitement m 1843 drew 
ofi" some of the members, and there have been some losses by 
removals, the members being obliged to seek employment elsewhere 
in consequence of the suspension of some manufacturing interests. 
In 188!) there were li)3 full and 4(» probationary members. A well- 
ordered Sabbath school had nearly 200 attendants. 

Among the ministers of the church have been the following: 1829. 
Reverend W. Kellogg; 1833, A. Bushnell; 1834 5, Thomas Bainbridge; 
1836-7, Abraham S. Francis; 1837-8, Orlando Starr; 1839, Daniel Right; 
1840, Ira Abbott; 1841 2, William S. Stillwell; 1843, A. S. Hill; 1844 5, 
Charles Stearns; 184G 7, Jo,seph Frost; 1848-9, George L. Fuller; 18.-)0-l, 
Charles Bartlett; 1851-2, F. A. Lovejoy; 1853-4, B. Redford; 1855-6, B. 
Leffingwcll; 1857 8, W. H. Russell; 1859 60, D.W. Lounsbury; 1861-2, 
W. P. E.stes; 1863, Frederick Brown; 1864-5, J. Field; 186G 7, C. W. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 321 

Powell: 1868-9, Edwin Warriner: 1870, George P. Mains; 1871-2, Sam- 
uel M. Hammond; 1873, Lemuel Richai^dson; 1874, Henry A. Van 
Dalsem; 1875, John Rippere; 1876-7, J. S. Haugh; 1878-80, J. B. Mer- 
win; 1881-3, Nelson L. Porter; 1884-6, David .MacMullen; 1887, J. 
Parker; 1888-9, N. Hubbell. 

The New Lebanon Mission of the First Congregational church of 
New Haven, near the south line of the town, was founded in 1868. 
Its services were first held in the school house, on Morse street. In 
Ma}', 1873, its own chapel, just completed, was occupied, and in it one 
preaching service per Sabbath and a Sunday school have been regu- 
larly held under direction of the parent society. 

The town is well provided with cemetery privileges, there being 
half a dozen places of burial, located at Mt. Carmel, on the Plains, in 
the West Woods, at Centerville and at Whitneyville. The latter was 
first laid out in 1835, and was last enlarged in 1890, when 3^ acres 
were added to the area. Since 1870 it has been controlled by the 
Whitneyville Cemetery Association. The grounds appear attractive 
and are well enclosed. Among other graves are those of Chauncey 
Goodyear, born in 1704, and died in 1845, and Chauncey Goodyear, 
Jr., born in 1804, and died in 1884. However, the most of the mem- 
bers of the Goodyear family are interred in the Goodyear Cemeter}-, 
north of the main cemetery, at Centerville. This is in charge of the 
Goodyear Cemetery Company (incorporated in 1875), and contains a 
fine monument, erected by William B. Goodyear, on which are 
inscribed many family epitaphs. 

The Centerville Cemetery is on the old turnpike, a little north of 
the village, and embraces about four acres of well selected land. It is 
mostly enclosed, and there are some fine monuments. The managing 
body is the Central Burying Association, organized in 1873. The Mt. 
Carmel ground is one of the oldest, and contains many graves. The 
association which has charge of it was organized in 1870. A little 
south of the village a small lot of land has been consecrated for Catho- 
lic burials. 

The Plains Cemetery is large, there being half a dozen acres, but 
is only partially improved. It contains many old tombstones. The 
burial plot in the West Woods is used almost solely by the people 
of that locality. In nearly all of these grounds ma}' be seen many 
evidences of the care and esteem in which the living hold the memory 
of the dead. 

The nearness of New Haven to Hamden, with its abundance of 
pure water, has caused the town to be selected by that municipality as 
the source from which to derive its main supply of water. Its greatest 
storage reservoir is Whitney lake or pond, which extends along the Mill 
river for about two miles. Into it flow the waters of that stream, 
draining 56 square miles of land and having a daily yield of 120,0()(),000 
20 



322 HISTORV OP' NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

gallons of water. About one-tenth of that amount only is taken as 
the supply of the water works proper. 

The New Haven Water Company was incorporated in 1849, but 
failing to construct the works the charter was assigned to Eli Whit- 
ney, who organized the company, and in 1860 the construction of the 
works was commenced. The dam at Whitney ville was raised to the 
height of 3n feet, with a total length of oOO feet, and built in the most 
substantial manner. On Sachem's hill, a distributing reservoir, with 
a capacity for lO.OOO.OOO gallons was constructed, with which 18 miles 
of distributing mains were connected. On the second of December, 
1861. the pumps of the company, at the dam, which have a capacity 
for 6,()()0,00() gallons daily, were set to work, and January 1st, 1862, 
the water was introduced into the distributing mains. Since that 
time these water works have been much improved. 

(_)n the northeast slope of the West Rock hills is a small sheet 
of water called Wintergreen lake, which lies 240 feet above tide 
water. In 1863 John Osborn gathered these waters into a reservoir 
of 60 acres, and they have been utilized as another source of New 
Haven's supply. In 1877 the property passed to the New Haven 
Water Company, which has since managed it in the interest of the 
city. 

East Rock Park, New Haven's new and most attractive public 
breathing spot, is partly in the town of Hamden, along Whitney lake 
and on the East Rock range. It was laid out after plans pre- 
pared by Donald G. Mitchell, LL.D., and when once fully completed 
will be one of the most attractive spots in the county. 

At Centerville the grounds of the Rectory school have been 
improved to a park like appearance, and are used by the patrons of 
that institution. In 1864 the proprietor. Reverend Charles W. Everest, 
also obtained a charter for water works, but they were not constructed 
after that plan. 

The Mt. Carmel Water Company was chartered in 1878, with a 
capital of Sr),()()(i, and commenced the construction of works at that 
place the same year. The first supply has been from springs on the 
surrounding hills, which have been pumped into a distributing reser- 
voir near the old Ives station. For future use the company holds 
claims upon Wolcott's falls, a mill seat in the western part of the town, 
which is elevated far above any territory the company may be called 
on to supply. The affairs of the company are in charge of a board 
of local managers. 

lUOCRAl'IIlCAL SKETCHES. 

John B. Andrews, born in Cheshire, Conn., in 18:>1, is a son of 
Silas and grandson of Samuel, who was a printer. In 1832 Mr. 
Andrews' parents removed to Hamden, where he has since I'esided. 
His mother was Rebecca, daughter of Jotham Ives and Lillis Fisk 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVKN COUNTY. 323 

Ives, who came from Vermont and settled in Cheshire. Mr. Ives was 
a revolutionary soldier. Mr. Andrews is a mechanic, but since 1861 
has been engaged in the mercantile trade. He was first selectman of 
his town from 1886 to 1890. He was married in 1857 to Celia Kenny. 
They have one son, George L., who is in business with his father, and 
is now postmaster at Mt. Carmel Centre. They deal in coal, wood, 
flour and feed. Mrs. Andrews died in 1864, and in 1867 Mr. Andrews 
was married to Hannah E. Manross, of Bristol, Conn. 

Benjamin B. Broadbent, born in New Haven in 1863, is a .son of 
James R. and Sarah B. Broadbent. James B. was engaged in manu- 
facturing for several years in New Haven, and also conducted a gro- 
cery business there. In 1866 he settled in Hamden, and has been 
engaged in farming. Benjamin B. engaged in the grocery, coal and 
feed business, at Hamden Plain in 1884. In 1886 he was married to 
Hattie E., daughter of ex-Representative Hubert E. Warner, of Ham- 
den. They have two children: Marjorie W. and Ericsson R. 

Cecil A. Burleigh was born in Richford, N. Y., June 30th, 1833. 
Mr. Burleigh is one of the commissioners of New Haven county. 
He "vas chosen to the position by the general assembly in 188.^. His 
term of office continues three years, but in 1888, in recognition of his 
excellent administration of the duties of his office, he was chosen 
again. In that choice occurred the sharpest test of popular favor 
which his party could give. A ballot was taken by his party in caucus 
assembled, and every ballot was cast for him to be his own successor 
in office. The .second term of his incumbency expired in 1891, and 
again a new test proved that he had not lost a whit of the confidence 
of his political allies. A ballot was not regarded as needful to express 
the party preferences. He was nominated by acclamation, and the 
nomination was speedily confirmed by the governor of the state. It 
is not always the fact that merit wins the crown which it deserves, 
and Mr. Burleigh is not one of those exceptions. 

His immediate ancestry resided in the state of New York. There 
he obtained the schooling of his boyhood. It was not so extended 
as is now offered the majority of boys by the better days on which we 
of the latest decade of the 19th century have come. It may be that a 
family event of note somewhat shortened the school term. He was one 
of thirteen children. The home nest may have seemed to be some- 
what crowded. At any rate, Cecil went early to work. He was only 
thirteen years of age when he was apprenticed to learn the trade of 
black.smith. The conditions of work were not severe, and for two 
years he was sent to school, and during a part of the time to the 
academy in Homer, N. Y. 

At twenty years of age Mr. Burleigh became known to Mr. Edward 
Dickerman, of Hamden, Conn. Mr. Dickerman invited the young 
blacksmith to employment in his shop and to a home in his family. 
It was the second real home of the young man, where the love and 



324 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

freedom of the parental home were renewed to him; and here in Ham- 
den he now began to show the qualities of workmanship and ot man- 
hood which have since distinguished him, and which hitherto had 
developed only as a plant in the shade. He became, m ISo.x the 
superintendent of a department m the factory of Ives & Pardee, 
manufacturers of brass and iron harness and carriage trimmings 
and hardware. But the financial crisis of 1857 closed the doors of the 
factory, and the capital employed took other channels of usefulness. 

Mr Burleich was now chosen master of the district school, and 
while not personallv deficient in the qualities of the pedagogue, he 
preferred mechanism and manufacturing to teaching school. He en- 
tered the employment of Mr. Dickerman again. T3 1 • ^. 
But when the war broke out the patriotism of Mr. Burleign 
awakened. Governor Buckingham sent him the authority of a recruit- 
ing officer. The line of work to which he was appointed accorded 
with his patriotic feelings, and he worked heartily. But later, on June 
13th 1862 when the 2()th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry was recruit- 
ing he enlisted as a private, refusing an officer's commission. Hence- 
forth the fortunes of that regiment became his own. It was musteiea 
into the United States service September Gth, and started for Wash- 
ington September 8th. Mr. Burleigh shared m all the sharpness of 
conflict and the peril of Chancellorsville; in the experiences of Libby 
prison, to which he was marched a prisoner, though before the later 
date when it became the awful holocaust of Union soldiers; in he 
western campaigns under General Hooper, and still farther to Chat- 
tanooga for the opening of communication with General Rosecrans 
and then in the southern campaigns of General Sherman m his march 
to the sea, a record so voluminous with incident and peril as that only 

a little of it will ever be told. 

In these campaigns Mr. Burleigh's valor never tailed, trom the 
position of private he rose to that of command, and >-et he never 
grasped at positions above in rivalry with his comrades. His ambition 
for the moment was to do well the work of the present, then if merit 
was perceived m him and he was called up higher for merit s sake 
it was well. In this way he rose to be lieutenant, and finally, ]u.st as 
the war was drawing to its close, he was commissioned captain, only a 
little too late for action in the field. 

In all of these years of army .service, so often fraught wjth extreme 
peril, a favoring Providence watched over ^^"^ ^"'^ ^'-^^^^'Jllo-htlv 
afflictino- injurv Onlv once was he wounded, and then only slightU , 
and yet^the" musical hornets" whizzed through his hat, grazing his 
scalp or pas,sed just under his shoulder trimmings, leaving their fiery 
mai' near by, and elsewhere left the signs of their perilous proximity 
This clothing. 1-kit he escaped sound of body as when he entered 
the service of his country in the army. He himself has written briefly 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 335 

the T' °^'^";"^'^ ^^-^''--^^ f- the noble volume of nobler deeds 

\t he 01 ^^-jr^'^"^ ^^^- - the War of the RebelHcn ' 

soldtr enterinl 1 '" '™^ !''' '^^•- ^^^-^^h became the cituen 

fa tur ; But hi. ' ""'' ''•' '''^^^ °' '^^ ^■■^^^^" ^-^"^ the manu- 
racturer. But his army experience is evermore turned to as the 

purchase of freedom for a downtrodden race, and the result is a 

h^ 1 woT ';: r" T ^^7'°^^'' '"^'°"^ ^"'^ ^^-^^^>' ^°-^' -n be re 
rne law of the land, and institutions under which a thrift,- o.^ 1, 

rjiziirr '''■-■ • ^^^ ^^^^ '--' victoi^ctt^s^ muS ■: t'^r^ 

"neritLn " et u'b' "i'' "°''^ ^" ^^ '^^^^ ^°^ ^^^ P— ^ -d for 
brTsrwas on,-^ •« '^^'°'-' Burleigh's republicanism, always 

HTmden he h V . ; '^i^^u'"' ""^"^'^^ '"'''^S^'- ^"^ in the town of 
ard'nt and Sth °? '" '" ''' ^'^'^ "'^^^- "^^ "-obtrusive, but yet 
ard^t and faithful exponent of the principles of the republican 

ownt^fn"' fe' h'a'b"''' T "'''"^"' '"^°^^ °^ preferment in his 
78 and 84 A \M I ?°''" selectman of Hamden in 1872, 77, 

tian his politf-al 1 "^ 'i' P°'^'"'^ °PP°"^"^^ ^- — "timerou 
chosen tn t '" ^^'"^'"- ^'"^ '^y ^ ^^'Se majority he was 

chosen to represent the town in the general assembly of 1880 In 

No thamT ''' "":'' '°^" ^"™°^^"^ ^^^ ^-^"^ °f the New ISL & 
s^c ces fTdlv c Tr.'' '"'' '"^ °' ^'^ ^^-^^^->' °f ^t. Carmel wat 
S^am s ee^o \^^^^^ through the assembly, and thus the beauty of the 

tT M b' lefoh '"' ;'' "'^"' '^^ P^°P^^^>' "-^ ^'■-tl V added 

to. Mr. Bur eigh was certainly the principal factor in this achieve 

was mTd;"^ ' r^' '^: '''■ ^^"^^^^ "^^--' ^-^ alread V narit d he 

Mr. Burleigh is not a church member, but for manv vears has 
been an earnest supporter of the Mt. Carmel parish chu cl " .W 

its trVa::;""'"'^ ""^"^^ ^"' °" ''' ^°"^"""-'' -d contributirg tS 

louS N.trieigh. '^-^-^-hter has been born in the family, Miss 

Mr. Burleigh's residence is situated on the main street of Mt. Car- 
mel An air of quiet restfulness pervades it, while the surroundings 
mvrte the attention of the passer-by. Here Mr. and Mrs. BurS 

7ohT^"rT.""^:'''''' °' ' '''^' '''''' °f acquaintances. ^ 
rrnlK .w^ n , "' ^°'° ^° Hamden, is a son of John and Ellen 

Hamd:- Th "'';• , ^.\^^T/™" '^^^^"^ ^^^^°"^ ''''' ^^ -"led n 
P.t , r> I ^' '^ ^'^^^ children: Hannah, John F., Mary Mago-ie 
Patrick, Robert, Ellen and Katie. John F. Callahan engaged in £ 
grocery business in 1888. He was married in 1886 to ElTen Kehou^h 

Maiy E ^'''' ''"" °"^ ^°"' -f°'"' J- ^^^ °- ^-^h er. 



326 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Samuel P. Crafts, president of the Qumnipiac ^nck Company^. -as 
born in Woodbury, Conn.. March 30th, 1824^ ^e .s a son of General 
Chauncy Crafts, and grandson of ^f - ^d-r^Cra s.^^^^^^^ 
His mother was Maria, daughter of Daniel Bacon, oi , 

Samuel P went to sea in 1843, and was in command of a ship ^^hen 
fhe c V 1 war broke out. He sold out his share m the ship and went 
nto the navy, as acting ensign. He was promoted to nras.er and U . 
tenant. He got a war risk on his life and los every cent of it He has 
held the offices of grand juror and justice of the P-^, /^^^^^^ ^^f^^^. 
he is president of the Law and Order League of Hamden, and Mce 
p e d'entif the National Association of f-k Manufacturers He 
married Sarah A. Thomson July 13th, 1859. ^^e is a daughte of 
Deacon Isaac Thomson of New Haven, Conn. They had one c d 
Cornelia Maria, born July 23d, 18(30, died July 9th, l^^f ; ^^ P^'^'^j^ 
Mr. Crafts is a republican and in religion a Congregationali.st. He 

was a California '49er. -pno-land in 

John Creswell was born in Little Eaton, ^^^-^^-^ "I^'^^^jJ „'f,:;"e 
184.3. His father and grandfather were both "^^^^.f ^^/^^^^^^e/ n 
natives of Little Eaton. He -- to America in 8 6 .^s^^^^^^^^ 
Philadelphia, where he resided until 1884, workm, ar 
(boss dver) In 1884 he came to Hamden and since that time has 
^been i^'t^e employ of the New Haven Web Company -^o dy- 
He was married m 1870 to Miss Jennie Moore of Philadelphia. 1 hey 
have five children: Harry M., George G., J^"";j,J- .^^"""^ '^"j \ . , ' ' 
Edward Davis, born in Stafford, Conn., m 1818 is a son of A ei> 
r>uwaiu i^.i.v , _ rtTvis settled in Hamden m ll>37. 

and grandson of Avery Davis, /^^'.^'^^^^''/held the offices of 
He is extensively engaged m farming He ^ J h^^Vj^"^^ m Auo-- 
selectman and assessor. He was married m 1841 ^o ^ets M. A 
ur. They have six children: James A., born 1844 Betsj Maria. D 
. ^S4r,- William E born 1848; Carrie B., born 18(30; Burton A., U-m 
80 : Id Al^ra boi-n 180o, married William Burton, and has one son 
John E Burton A. married Mattie Augur, and has one ^augh e . 
Mar" erv Betsy Maria married George W. Ives, and has two child- 
^^^A^recf t^ Lucy. William E. m^ied fogua^ Tam^ingson, 
and has two sons and one daughter: Edward Harold and essie. 
Hmes A married Emma Parks in 1874, and they have two cl u igh- 
;rEitna and Helen, and one son, Howard. J-^^^;-^^^^ ^ 
E. Davis carried on business in New Haven seveial Y^'^.^^'f ?°;™ 
OS on the public works of the city. Later they organized the New 
Haven Concrete Company, conducting that business tin 8...^ a 
which time thev engaged in brick manuiacturing m Hamden. 1 he 
:S:tss^s mcreal;^ until at the present ^^-e they ^. U^rning o^ 
from seven to ten million brick annually ^-^f^y^^''^^;^^^ _,,. 
men. From 1877 to 1887 James A. leased and ran the W hitne> 

enue Horse Railroad. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 327 

Leverett A. Dickerman, born in Hatnden in 1821, is a son of Allen, 
grandson of Isaac, and great-grandson of Samuel Dickerman, who 
was a son of Isaac, and grandson of Thomas Dickerman, who came 
from England and settled in Dorchester, Mass., in 1635. He died 
June 11th, 1657. His .sons, Alman and Isaac, settled in Xew Haven. 
Isaac had two sons, Samuel and Jonathan. They settled in Hamden. 
This Samuel was the great-grandfather of Leverett A. The first 
Isaac Dickerman married Mary Atwater. Samuel married Mary 
Allen, and Isaac, his .son, married Sybil Sperry. Allen Dickerman 
married Sarah, daughter of Jonathan Ives. Their six children lived 
to maturity: Albert I., vSaritta, Julia, Eliza, Leverett A. and Lavinia. 
Albert died unmarried. .Saritta married Mark Ives. Julia is un- 
married. Eliza married Franklin Andrews. Lavinia married John 
Osborn, and Leverett A. married Abigail A., daughter of Uriah Foote. 
They have three daughters living: Alice A. (who married William 
D. Cook of Cheshire), Emma E. and Laura L. Their other children 
were: Aljen F., Francis L. and Abbie A. Mr. Dickerman has held 
the office of selectman several years, and was elected representative 
in 1880. He is a member of Mt. Carmel Congregational church. 

vSamuel D. Doolittle, born in Hamden March 12th, 1835, is a .son 
of Heman and Julia (Allen) Doolittle, and grandson of Daniel Doolittle. 
Mr. Doolittle has always been engaged in farming. In 1888 he engaged 
in the bakery business. He was married in 1861 to Cornelia A., daugh- 
ter of Almeron Sanford. She was born October 5th, 1837. They had 
three sons: Frederick E., born June 21st, 1863; Elford F., born October 
1st, 1872, and Maurice H., born March 12th 1880. They have one 
daughter, Alta I., born April 25th, 1870. She is a stenographer in 
New Haven. Frederick E. is a resident of Torrington, Conn. He 
was married in 1889, to Harriet Breen of Waterbury. Mr. and Mrs. 
Doolittle are members of Mt. Carmel Congregational church. 

George W. Dudlej', born in New Haven in 1827, is a son of Isaac 
and Cynthia (Bradley) Dudley, and has been a resident of Hamden 
for about 21 years. He is engaged in farming and keeping a board- 
ing .stable, having a large number of horses from New Haven and 
New York parties. Previous to coming to Hamden, he resided in 
New Haven and was in the livery busine.ss. He was married .Sep- 
tember 2d, 1850, to Cornelia, daughter of Lewis Todd. Mrs. Todd 
was a daughter of Horace Bradley, he a son of Amasa and he a .son 
of Joel Bradley, one of the early .settlers of the town. Mr. Dudley 
has two sons: Wilbur S., born March 30th, 1857, and George H., born 
May 10th, 1868. 

Samuel A. Flight, born in New Fairfield, Conn., in 1859, is a .son 
of Samuel J. and grandson of James Flight, who came from England 
and was a carriage manufacturer in New Haven. Samuel J. was a 
blacksmith. He married Sarah Jane Smith, of Granby, Mass. He 
enlisted in the 1st cavalry and .served three years and three months 



328 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



as bugler. Samuel A. Flight settled in Hamden abou .79 and en 
gaged in market gardening and the milk b^^'nef -^ ^e is a n.ember 
of Day Spring Lodge. No. 30, F. & A. M.. of Hatnden._ He ^^as 
e ectec assessor in 1888 and reelected in 1889. He was married m 1881 
to Estterdaiihter of Alfred Dorman, of Hamden, whose father was 
also named Alfred and was a resident of Hamden 

William N. Gesner, born in Orangetown Rockland ^^^'^ 
York February 19th, 1817, is a son of William H. and Mary Ann 
mlnnlGesnei crandson of Nicholas andGracie (Post) Gesner great- 
^^aiXon Tf I.;hn Hendrik Gesner -d Femiche (Browerj^ Ge^n^ 
^nd great-great-grandson of John Hendrik and f -^^^^J f^^^^^ 
Gesner who were married m Germany, trom whence the> were 
dnveVby the French war to England. After "-'^^^^ ° ^^^^.^P, 
they sailed with many other German families m the ship Lion, and 
anded at New York I June, 1710. They settled ^^ ^-nl^er. N V, 

and built mills on the Bronx nver, ^^^^ l-t«^^/\™°^f,;° M rl^-e T " 
N T William N. Gesner married at New York, m 1840, Margaiet i „ 
2;uo-htl?o George and Mary (McLean) Paton. In 1845 he removed 
tm New York, fettled m Fair Haven, Conn., and engaged -his 
usual business-ship-building. After building many ve.ssels noted for 
Zu- speTd and selgomg qualities, in 1862, ^^^Y^^^^^^Z^Z 
needed transports and cruisers, he sold out his .stock ^f l^^'^'l^^ 
C S Bushnell, who had contracts with the government, and foi t^ o 
years uperintended the busine.ss for the latter. He then engaged m 
ship buildin<. at West Haven, conducting business there under the 
Smnleo? Gesner & Mar, where he still continues^ He is pr ba. 

bly the oldest .ship-builder in active service, 1--/"^ ^^^^J; "^^^^ J 
nlanned and .superintended more than l.-.O vessels of every size, ii^ 
and description In 1807 he .settled in Hamden, where he now lives, 
and fn Dec'ember. 1890, he and his wife celebrated their golden .ed 
ding with numerous friends and children around then. The> have 
sevL children living: Mary J., Helen L., Matilda A N^ ^^^'^ ^/^;^^- 
Harrison, Alice F. and George P. Margaret \f ^'^^.^^1^"^ ^ M Pu 
Mr Gesner is a member of Adelphi Lodge, No. 63, F. 8. A. M Pu 
laski Chapter, Crawford Council and New Haven Encampment, k 1 
' Thomas P. Hoey, born in Hamden in 1863^ is a son of M-^-el 
Ann (McGrail) Hoey, and grandson of ^^^Jael Hoey For eveia 
vearshewas employed in the silk factory of R. S. Claik of Mt. Car 
S and since 1885 has been employed by the New Haven Web Co-. 
panv as foreman of the warping and winding department. He .as 
Lai-ried in 1883 to Margaret Conn,y. They have one son. Chailes \A ., 

ind a dauo-hter, Margaret A. r t ^ r^ 

c te H. Gorham, born m Hamden m 1839, is a .son of J-'ed D. 
and lie J (Potter) Gorham. His grandfather was Captain Levi Gor- 
ham: n lared Gorham's family there were three children: George H 
FoTbes ]. and Ellen ]. George H. married Eunice, daughter of Heni) 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 329 

Munson, of Hamden, in 1861. They have one son, Henry J. Gorham. 
Forbes Gorham married Emily Hitchcock, and Ellen married Fred- 
eric F. Bishop. 

William Gorham, born in Hamden in 1815, died 1858, was a son of 
John, and he a son of John Gorham, who married Phebe Downes. 
John Gorham, the son, married Nanc)' Downes. William married 
Lucretia Dorman, daughter of Merritt and Easter Dorman. Their 
children were: Emih', Sarah, Caroline, Lucy, Ella, Nancy, Francis and 
William E. .Sarah, Ella and William E. are dead. Emily married 
William Thomas: Caroline married John Malone: Lucy married John 
Peckham and for her second husband Charles Ailing; Francis married 
Sarah Doolittle. Nancy Gorham married John P. Phelps in 1854. 
There were born to them two children: Charles J., who died in infancy, 
and Cora E, The latter was married in 1870, to Luther C Phelps. 
They had one daughter, Emma Phelps. Luther Phelps died in 1890. 
John P. Phelps was born in Winchester, Conn., and is a son of Ral- 
zemon and grandson of John Phelps. 

William Ives, the first known of that name, resided in New Haven 
as early as 1639. He is supposed to have died in 1G48. He had two 
sons: John, who died young, and Joseph, who married Mary (born 
1650|, daughter of Thomas Yale. Their children were: vSamuel, Mary, 
Martha. Lazarus, Thomas, Abigail and Ebenezer. Joseph died in 
1694. Samuel Ives, born 1(577. married Ruth Atwater. Their children 
were: Mary, Lydia, Samuel (who died young), Ruth, Jonathan, 
Damaris, John and Samuel. Jonathan Ives, born 1716, was one of the 
•early settlers of Hamden. He married Thankful Cooper. Their 
children were: Jeremiah, Ruth, Mary, Thankful, Joel, Jonathan and 
Phtebe. Jonathan married Sarah Bassett, and they had two children: 
Leverett, who died young, and Sarah, who married Allen Dickerman. 
Samuel Ives, the son of Samuel and Ruth Atwater Ives, was the father 
of Levi, who was the father of Eli, who was the father of Levi Ives, 
the noted physician of New Haven. 

Lewis E. Joyce, born in Oxford, Conn., in 1835, is a son of Peter 
and Eliza (Hitchcock) Joyce and grandson of Joseph L. Joyce. His 
maternal grandfather was Stephen Hitchcock, a joiner by trade and 
a soldier in the war of 1812. His father was John Hitchcock. Both 
were residents of Hamden. Lewis E. Joyce is a carpenter and joiner. 
He settled in Hamden in 1853 and in 18()U was married to Julia A., 
daughter of Heman Doolittle of Hamden. They have had three 
children: Lewis E., born December •25th, 1862; Burton A., born Sep- 
tember 25th, 1869; and Carrie L., born December 22d, 1864, died 
August, 1883. 

Bela A. Mann, born in Naugatuck, Conn., in 1835, is a .son of Em- 
ory D. and grandson of Eliel Mann, who was a manufacturer at 
Naugatuck. Bela A. Mann first came to Hamden at the age of 17 as 
an employee of the Goodyear Spoke Company. He afterward went 



330 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

to Waterbury and was foreman of the American .Suspender Company 
for about four years. From there he went to Meriden and was there 
about the same length of time as foreman for J. Wilcox & Co. In 
1863 he came to Hamden and was the organizer of what is now known 
as the New Haven Web Company, manufacturers of suspenders and 
elastic webbing. The capital stock of the company is $60,000 and 
they do an annual business of $300,000, employing from 140 to loO 
hands.J Mr. Mann has been superintendent and manager of the com- 
pany since its organization. He has held the office of selectman sever- 
al years, and in 1882 and 1883 was elected to the assembly. He was 
married in 1860 to Prusie C. Spencer, of Haddam, Conn. They have 
one son, Bela H. Mann, a member of the firm of Parrish & Mann of 
New Haven, suspender manufacturers. 

Willard Mathews, born in Bristol, Conn., in 1837, is a son of Jus- 
tus W. and ^lehitabel (Sanford* Mathews, and grandson of Joel 
Mathews, all of Bristol. Justus Mathews removed with his family to 
Hamden in 1846. He was a mechanic, which was also Willard Math- 
ews' business. In 1874 he was appointed superintendent of the town 
farm of Hamden, which office he has since held, with the exception 
of three years, from 1880 to 1884. May 1st, 1890, Mr. IMathews was 
appointed superintendent of the New Haven County Home, which 
position he still holds. He is a member of Day Spring Lodge, F. & 
A. M., of Hamden, and of L. A. Thomas Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Chesh- 
ire. He was married in 1859 to .Sarah M., daughter of .Sydney and 
Betsy (Judson) Merwin of Woodbridge, Conn. Her grandfather 
was Fletcher Merwin. They have two children : Willard M., born 
1860, and Gertrude L., born 1869. Willard M. Mathews is a machinist. 
He is a member of Day Spring Lodge, F. & A. M. He was married 
in 1882 to Mary Cook. They have one daughter, Elsie Mathews, born 
in 1885. Mr. Mathews' mother, Mehitabel Sanford, was a daughter of 
Truman and Betsy (Warner) .Sanford of Hamden. 

Dwight W. Mix, born in Hamden in 1834, is a son of Benjamin and 
Betsy (Potter) Mix. He was married in 1858 to Elizabeth A., daugh- 
ter of Edmund D. and Laura A. Bradley. They have five children: 
George B., Ella L., Augusta L., Sarah B. and Eva F. For 20 vears 
previous to 1887 Mr. Mix was in the ice business with his brother, 
Norris B. He is a member of Day Spring Lodge, F. & A. M., of Ham- 
den, and of Montowese Lodge, I. O. O. F., of New Haven. 

Henry Mix, born in Hamden July 8th, 1821, is a .son of Benjamin, 
and grandson of Thomas. Mr. Mix manufactured brick for over 30 
years. He is now engaged in farming. He married Louisa Warner 
in 1842. Their children were: Henry, Frederick, Julia and Maria. 
Frederick married Bet.sy A. Warner. Julia married Albert Howard. 

NORRis Bennett Mi.\. — The immediate ancestors of the Mix family, 
at present in Hamden, removed from New Haven before the incorpora- 
tion of this town.* They were a branch of the family of Thomas 
* See lilake's Histurv of Hamden, 20:3. 




w^ W^ 




^^i^u^ J3 ^^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



331 



Mix, Mixx or Meeks, which was among the early settlers of New 
Haven. Thomas Mix, the founder of the Hamden family, born 176."), 
died September 1st, 1810, leaving three sons: Benjamin, Zina, died 
June 18th, 1823, aged 43 years, and Stephen, died June 28th, 1823, 
aged 39 years. The first son, Benjamin, the father of the subject of 
this sketch, born in Hamden August 10th, 1782, married Betsy Potter, 
also of Hamden, April 12th, 1810. He died on the homestead, which 
had been improved by his father, Thomas, and which is now the 
home of the youngest son, Dwight W., August 30th, 1862. His widow 
died January 30th, 1871, aged 79 years. They reared ten children, 
namely: Rebecca E., married Walter Nichols, of Westport, Conn.: 
Ethiel Potter, the oldest son, removed to Wisconsin; Grace, married 
Alfred Howarth, of New Haven; Eliza, married George W. Bradley, 
of Hamden: Benjamin, removed to California: Henry, resides in Ham- 
den; James Perry, deceased: Norris Bennett: Frances Betsy, married 
William Potter, of Hamden; Dwight Walter, living on the old Mix 
homestead. 

Norris Bennett, the eighth child, whose life is here sketched, was 
born in Hamden February 3d, 1826, and on the 13th of September, 
1849, married Maria N., daughter of Joel D. and Maria (McDuel) Hen- 
drick, of New Haven. Of six children born to them, three died in in- 
fancy and youth, and they reared: Arthur H., who married Amelia 
Rawling, and lives in New Haven; Mary C, married William H. Terell, 
of Hamden; Anna M., married J. Clarence Englehart, of New Haven. 
Mr. Mix spent four years of his boyhood days in the home of Judge 
Dyer White, of New Haven, where he had opportunity of attendiug- 
the celebrated John E. Lovell school, thus well laying the foundation 
of his future education, which has been largely self-acquired. Sub- 
sequently he engaged in mechanic trades, and for twelve years worked 
in the New Haven shops of the New York & New Haven Railroad 
Company. While residing in that city, he was elected street com- 
missioner in 1861, and as a member of the common council in 1862, 
he was one of the committee to sign the first contract between the city 
and the water company for a supply of water for the use of the city. 
Since 1864 he has resided in Hamden, where he has been successfully 
engaged in the ice business, having his son as an associate in New 
Haven. 

Since being a citizen of this town, Mr. Mix has been honored 
with a number of important public offices and trusts. In 1878 he 
was elected as a representative of Hamden in the state legislature, and 
was reelected in 1876, serving his last term when the new capitol was 
first occupied. He served six years as first selectman and town agent, 
and in that capacity was instrumental in securing the removal of the 
track of the New Haven & Northampton railroad from the side of 
the old Cheshire road and the turnpike to the route now occupied. 
Although the town had almost unanimouslv voted to contribute 



'■J:-i2 HISTDRV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

$14,000 to the company toward the cost of the removal, the action 
was opposed and Mr. Mix was enjoined and placed under a bond of 
$20,000 not to make any contract with the company or to pay over 
the money. Through his efforts the legislature passed an act favor- 
ing the change and healing the matter; but he was again enjoined 
and placed under $10,000 bonds not to pay over the money the town 
had properly appropriated. The superior court dissolved this 
injunction and the money was paid to the company to make the 
desired change in its roadbed, which is now acknowledged as having 
been a most ^esirable improvement, and one which reflects credit 
upon the foresight of those favoring it. Mr. Mix is an active demo- 
crat, in the principles of which party he has always believed, a mem- 
ber of the Hamden Plains Methodist Episcopal church, and an earn- 
est Odd Fellow and Mason. He joined the former order in 1847. and 
is now a member of City Lodge, No. 86, I. O. O. F., of New Haven. 
In I,s.-)3 he became a member of Wooster Lodge, No. 0, F. & A. M.. of 
New Haven. In 1870, through the efforts of Mr. Mix, the charter of 
Day vSpring Lodge, No. 30, F. & A. M., in Hamden, which had been 
granted in 1704 and surrendered in 1838, was restored, and he is now a 
member of that Lodge. He has seen its members increase from six to 
more than a hundred, and he has three times been master of the 
Lodge. He is also a member of higher Masonic bodies in New Haven 
— of Franklin Chapter, Harmony Council, and Commandery No. 2, 
Knights Templar. 

Harvey T. Moulton, 3d, born m Plymouth, Litchfield county. 
Conn., in 1827, was a son of Harvey T., and he a son of Harvey T. 
Moulton. Mr. Moulton settled in Hamden about 1850, and was in the 
employ of the Whitney Arms Company for many years. He was a 
machinist and model maker. He afterward engaged in market gar- 
dening. He was married in 1850 to Esther H. Hartley. They had 
three children : Ellsworth H., Estella J. and Harvey T. Ellsworth 
married Carrie Wellman, Estella married John Parmalee, Harvey T. 
married Minnie C Payne, of New Haven, and has two .sons, Harold 
P. and J. Irving. Harvey T. Moulton, 3d, died in 1887. His two sons 
are extensively engaged in market gardening. 

Jerome C. Munson,born in Hamden in 1845, is a son of Basil Mun- 
son, born in 1814, he a son of Job L., and he a son of Basil Munson. 
Job L. married Sally Moss, of Cheshire. Basil, his son, married 
Jenette L., daughter of Amos Peck. Amos Peck married Lovica 
Todd, daughter of Ela Todd. Amos Peck, his father, married Lois 
Chatterton. Jerome C. Munson married, in 1864, Sarah J., daughter 
of Heman Doolittle. of Hamden. They have three sons: George W., 
born 1866; Bennett P., born 1870; Willis B.,born 1880. 

William I. Munson, born in Hamden in 1843, is a son of Alva and 
Melinda(Dorman) Munson and grandson of Isaac Munson. Mr. Mun- 
son was elected selectman in 1886, '87, '88 and '89. He is a member 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 333 

of Hamden Plains M. E. church, and Hamden Grange ; also Harmony 
Lodge, I. O. O. F., of New Haven. He married, in 1871, Fannie M., 
daughter of Andrew J. Doolittle. They have two children : Edgar 
W., born 1875, and Ruby A., born 1882. 

John Osborn, born in Woodbridge, Conn., in 1824, was a son of 
William M. and grandson of Elisha Osborn. He settled in Hamden 
about 1846. He was a civil engineer. He planned the Fair Haven 
Water Works (since consolidated with the New Haven Water Works) 
and superintended their construction. The water works of Granby 
and Simsbury, Ansonia, New Britain and Waterbury, Conn., and 
Cohoes and Millerton, N. Y., were constructed under his supervision. 
He also laid out Maltby Park. He married, in 1849, Lavinia, daughter 
of Allen Dickerman, of Hamden, and had five children : Julia A., 
John I. (who died young), Mary L., John I. and Allen. John I. is a 
civil engineer and surveyor, and for several years has been m the 
government service, engaged in coast survey. John Osborn died in 
1884. 

Frederick A. Peck, born in Hamden, January 9th, 1862, is a son of 
Lorenzo and Sarah (Talmadge) Peck, grandson of Zeri, great-grand- 
son of Joseph, and great-great-grandson of Amos Peck. Lorenzo 
Peck is a farmer, also is extensively engaged in the wood business. 
He had two children : Frederick A. and George. Frederick A. Peck 
was married in 1888 to Elizabeth C, daughter of Wales C. Dicker- 
man, of Hamden. In 1889 he engaged in the meat business in Mt. 
Carmel. 

Edward Rice, born in Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1861, is a son of Will- 
iam and grandson of John Rice. He came to this country in 1874 and 
settled in Hamden. Since 1876 he has been in the employ of the New 
Haven Web Company, and for six years has been foreman of the 
weaving department. He is a member of the A. O. of H. of Hamden. 
He was married, in 1886, to Annie Burke, and has two sons, William 
and Edward, and one daughter, Maggie. 

Charles Roberts, born in Wallingford, Conn., in 1824, is a son of 
Ephraim and Susan (Ellis) Roberts. She was a sister of William Ellis, 
who was collector of the port of New Haven under Jackson's admin- 
istration. Ephraim Roberts had by his first wife three sons: Horatio, 
Ralph R. and Charles. Horatio had one son, Frank Roberts, who is 
principal of the military school at Norwalk, Conn. Ephraim had six 
daughters: Amanda, Harriet, Louise, Nancy, Emily and Susan. Har- 
riet, Emily and Susan are living. Ephraim married for his second 
wife Polly Dunham. Their children were John D. and James M 
Charles Roberts left Connecticut at an early age and until 1872 resided 
in New York and the Western states, living in California, Texas, 
Mexico and Central America. In 1872 he settled in Centerville, town 
of Hamden, and opened a sale stable. He does an extensive business, 
buying and shipping a large number of horses from the Western 
states every year. 



•334 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

William Rosenthal, son of Henry Rosenthal, was born in Rhein 
Province, Germany, in 1844, came to America in 1879, and settled in 
New York, where he resided until 1SS3, when he removed to Hamden 
and entered the employ of the New Haven Web Company as designer. 
He was married in 1888 to Philomena Burkhardt. They had two 
■daughters. Lillie and Philomena, and one son, Harrison W. ]SIr. 
Ro.senthal died in 189(». 

Edward D. vSanford, born in Hamden in 18.18,15 a son of Dennis S.. 
born in 1827, grandson of Amos W. and great-grand.son of Stephen 
Sanford. Amos W. married Obedience Atwater. Their children 
were: Goodyear A., x\lbert, Cynthia, Robert A., Dennis S., Catherine 
•0. and John W. Dennis S. married Mary E. Rogers in 1851. Their 
children are: Emily, born in 1858, married F. J. Colvin; Amos A., born 
in 18.")5, married Jennie Benham: and Edward D., born in 1858. The 
latter was married in 1879 to Sarah, daughter of James R. Broadbent. 
They have two children, Ralph B. and Mabel E. Since 1883 Mr. San- 
ford has been in the ice business in New Haven. He is a member of 
the Hamden Plains M. E. church, and assistant superintendent of the 
Sunday school. 

Howard Sherman was born in New York in 18-i2, and .settled in 
Hamden in 18G0. He is a son of Thaddeus and Eliza (Taylor) Sher- 
man, and grandson of Reverend Nathaniel Sherman, who was pastor 
■of the Mt. Carmel Consfregfational church for several vears. 

Edwin D. Swift, born in Sharon, Conn., May 8th, 1825, is a son of 
Augustus B. and Rebecca (Munson) Swift, grandson of Philo and 
great-grandson of Heenan Swift, who was a colonel in the revolution- 
ary war. Doctor Swift was educated at the University of New York, 
receiving his diploma in 1849. He immediately settled in Hamden 
and began the practice of his profession. He is a member of the New 
Haven Medical Society and the Connecticut State Medical vSociety. 
He was married in 1851 to vSarah L. Punder.son, of New Haven. They 
had one son, Edwin E. Swift. Mrs. Swift died in 1865, and in 1868 
Doctor Swift was married to Julia M. Swift. He is a member of Mt. 
Carmel Congregational church. 

John W. Talmadge, born in Prospect, Conn., in 1842, is a son of 
William and Annie Talmadge. In 1861 he enlisted in Company K, 
loth Connecticut Regiment, and served three years. At the close of 
the war he engaged in the grocery business for a short time, then en- 
gaged in the meat business, continuing it until the present time. He 
settled in Hamden in 1865, and was married the same year to Ange- 
line, daughter of Alvah Munson, of Hamden. They are members of 
the Hamden jPlains M. E. church. 

Lambert W. Talmadge, born in Prospect, Conn., in 1829, is a son of 
William and Annie (Sparry) Talmadge. Mr. Talmadge is one of a 
family of ten children: three sons — Lambert W., John and Stephen — 
-and seven daughters—Mary, Sarah, Nancy, Eliza, Esther, Clarissa and 




<^^ 



''^. 



/ 



HISTdRV OK XKW HAVEN COUNTY. 335 

Julia. Lambert W. Talmadge is a farmer. He was married in LS51 
to Elizabeth, daughter of Zeri Peck, of Hamden, and they have four 
children : Frank P., born 1852, lives in Dakota; Oscar J., born 1854, 
resides in New Haven, where for eight 5'ears he has been in the em- 
ploy of the N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co. ; Alden O., born 1859, 
resides in Hamden, and Ellsworth A., born 1862, residing in Bristol, 
•Conn. 

Oliver F. Treadwell, M. r).,born in Baltimore. Md., June 25th, 1841, 
is a son of Oliver W. Treadwell and Anna H. Kramer. The latter 
was of German descent. Doctor Treadwell's grandfather was John 
P., and his great-grandfather, John Treadwell; the first president of 
the American Board of Foreign Missions, and one of the early gover- 
nors of Connecticut. Doctor Treadwell was educated at Yale College 
and Medical School, receiving his diploma in 1865. He practiced for 
about three years in New Haven, then removed to Hamden, where he 
has since resided. He was town physician for three years. He is 
also extensively engaged in market gardening. He is a member of 
the Connecticut State Medical Societ}-. He was married in 1872 to 
Sarah J. Barraclough. 

Frederic E. Tuttle, born in North Haven in 1839, is a son of Elias 
and Abigail (Ingham) Tuttle and grandson of Manning Tuttle. From 
1859 to 1867 he was engaged in mining in Australia and New Zealand. 
He settled in Hamden about 1868. P'or seven years he ran a meat 
market at Centerville. Since 1883 he has been engaged in farming 
and has earned on a milk business. He was elected to the legislature 
m 1884. He was married in 1868 to Juliette, daughter of Ezra Ailing 
of Hamden. 

Henry Tuttle was born where he now lives October 23d, 1820. His 
family name is one of the oldest in the annals of New Haven county. 
So early as 1635 William and Elizabeth Tuttle came from England to 
the colonies, and in 1639 settled in New Haven. A numerous posterity 
traces the family pedigree to the.se ancestors, and the name is common 
in the history of the original colony, and of the towns since formed 
from the original grant to the colony. One branch of the family 
found a .settlement within what was afterward the limits of the town 
■of Hamden, and ever since the name has figured prominently in the 
government and society of the town. 

Close under the northwestern side of picturesque and sightly Mt. 
Carmel, in Hamden, lies a valley. To the northeast and southwest 
for a considerable distance this valley extends, sloping up on its north- 
western side to hills which skirt its boundary there. Into this valley 
from the Mt. Carmel range and from the northwestern hills have 
washed for ages, since the glaciers melted away from the surface of 
the country, rich deposits for farming, making the tract of land lying 
here one of the richest agricultural portions of the town. It is a 
somewhat secluded portion. A single highway runs through it, but 



33(^ HISTORY OF NF.W HAVEN COUNTY. 

the volume of travel to and from the New Haven turnpike seeks 
other avenues, while yet this valley is by no means lonesome from any 

infrequency of passers by. 

Here in this somewhat retired but beautiful valley, Henry iuttle 
was born. His father was Leverett Tuttle, and his mother Electa 
Kimberly. The family residence was located on the northwest side of 
the street, nearlv opposite to the present residence of Henry Tuttle. 
Leverett Tuttle's children numbered five: Horace, Lewis, Julia. Henry 
and Dennis. And now being old and well .stricken in years the father 
divided a part of his estate lying in this valley among his three sons 
who were living: Horace, Henry and Dennis. But the changes which 
have followed the divi-sion of the paternal estate have brought Henry 
Tuttle into possession of nearly all of the old homestead. At the 
same time he has enlarged it by purchase, until his farm, embracing 
several hundreds of acres, is one of the largest of the town. 

Henry Tuttle was a dutiful son, recognizing his filial obligations 
to his father and worked with him on the homestead farm until he 
was twentv years- of age. The spirit of independent bu.siness life was 
now .stirring forcibly in the young man. The father perceived the 
son's business ambition, and gave him what remained of his " time 
to his majority. Two years passed by in efforts somewhat desultory. 
Then a close friend and relative by marriage offered to furnish capital 
for the cattle drover business. It was the opportunity Henry Tuttle 
was then waiting for, and was by a certain gift of calculation fitted for. 
He now travelled by railroad to Springfield, Mass., and then on foot 
throuo-h the state northward and into Vermont, purchasing stock, and 
then driving his cattle homeward to be sold in New Haven markets. 
\s his own capital increased he went westward into the .state of New 
York and farther still into Ohio to make purchases of cattle, not 
alwavs driving them home to Connecticut, but often to the New \ ork 
city and Albanv markets. The early spring and the season following 
haying were occupied in the cattle drover's trade for about twenty- 
eight years-a long period-and even now his early passion has not 
wholly subsided, and crops out in the large stock of nearly forty head 
of cattle kept continually on his farm. 

Those parts of the year not occupied in the purcha.sing and selling 
of cattle Mr. Tuttle spent on his farm and in the service of the town 
of Hamden. From early manhood he has taken great interest in the 
manao-ement of town affairs. It has been his life-long ambition that 
the town of Hamden shall have the most thrifty and at the same time 
the most economical administration of public affairs, and nothing is 
hazarded in the assertion that the town has had no more zealous and 
faithful son than Henry Tuttle. 

Two (jualities of Mr. Tuttle have won and preserved, through a 
lon« .series of years, the confidence of his fellow townsmen-his ability 
of administration and his uprightness and trustworthiness of char- 





e--^ . 




d^^#^ 



HISTORY OF NEW IIAVEX COUNTY. 337 

acter. Whenever entrusted with respopsibility he has been ambitious 
to discharge it well, whatever the trust might be. Hence, to his 
natural endowment of good sense, he has added the ability which 
comes from studious, thoughtful habits, from a wide reading of the 
daily and weekly literature, and from association with leading minds 
in the active affairs of the state. And whether he was chosen select- 
man or assessor or justice of the peace or prosecuting grand juror 
or representative to either house of the general assembly, he has 
sought to honor the position by the highest quality of administrative 
service. In all these relations to his townsmen his watch and care 
of their interests have won him an excellent reputation as a public 
official. 

One of the developments of his public life has been as interesting 
as it is noteworthy. Appointed years ago the prosecuting grand juror 
of the town, he began the study of the simpler phases of law and of the 
statutes of Connecticut. His brother, Dennis, a lawyer, upon moving 
to Iowa, left his law library in charge of Henry, and Henry indulged 
his legal propensity at will. The result was that as prosecuting 
grand juror he knew when a complainant had a " case," was himself 
able to work it up for trial in the best manner, and conduct it in 
court with marked ability, even to the making of the technical plea. 
The town of Hamden was fortunate in its officer, and its treasury 
saved from the careless drafts made b}' many state or city attorneys 
upon the constituencies they serv^e. The courts have also recognized 
his ability by appointing him on committees to try questions of fact 
in civil stiits. 

The opinion held of him by his townsmen may be inferred from 
a general trust reposed in him in the matter of the .settlement of 
estates. Not infrequently has he been applied to to draft wills, and 
then be the custodian of them, also to act as executor or administrator. 
Through a long succession of years he has not been without much 
responsibility of this kind. And to him the widow and the orphan, 
as well as the neighbor, have appealed for such counsel and help as 
only a trustworthy and competent citizen can give. Expense has 
been often saved by his kindly services to the large class weighted 
with grief or troubled concerning the disposal or inheritance of 
property. 

Mr. Tuttle is nominally a democrat in politics, and on all the great 
lines of party policy is true to his political lineage. But after all 
he places men above party allegiance. If his own party .should not 
offer him a capable candidate he may be found working for the election 
of a political opponent, and upon the principle that the town and the 
state should have the best and most efficient ptiblic .servants. He him- 
self has been chosen to .state honors; as to the house of representa- 
tives in 18.")S and 1S64, and to the state senate in 1S71. Several 
important measures or amendments in behalf of his town or district 
21 



338 HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

were earried through the legislature under his leadership, as making 
free the Cheshire turnpike, the street location of the Whitney avenue 
horse railroad, the cleansing of the reservoir of the New Haven Water 
Company, and the securing of the original rights to the town once 
belonging to the New Haven colony, along the shores where mollnsks 
thrive. 

The centennial of the town of Hamden occurred in the year 18SC. 
Mr. Tuttle was an enthusiastic promoter of the celebration, and both 
for the pride of the town in himself, and for his long family history 
in the town, the committee in charge called him out as one of the few 
whose voices should be publicly heard on that occasion. 

On Augu.st 17th, ISuH, he married Miss Delia A. Francis, daughter 
of Joseph S. Francis, of Durham. One son has been born to them. 
Homer Tuttle, a prosperous merchant of Mt. Carmel. And now his 
parents in affluence, and yet in the simple manners and tastes of the 
typical Connecticut farmer, are passing the afternoon of life in hap- 
piness in the beautiful valley beside Mt. Carmel, enjoying their own 
peaceful self-respect and the esteem of their townsfolk. 

Hubert E. Warner, born in Hamden, vSeptember 12th. 1839, is a son 
of Elias, he a son of Samuel, and he a son of Benjamin Warner, all 
natives of Hamden. Elias Warner was born in 1807. learned the 
mason trade and followed that business for over 40 years. For his 
first wife he married Nancy Short. They had one son, Charles War- 
ner. For his .second wife he married vSybil ;\I., daughter of Amasa 
Tuttle. vShe was born in 1809. Their children were : Elizur, Huldah, 
Hubert E. and Amasa T. Huldah and Hubert E. are living. Elias 
Warner was elected representative from Hamden in 1863 and re- 
elected in 1864. His wife died April 12th, 1891. Hybert E. Warner 
early learned the ma.son's trade, and has always been engaged in that 
business, since 1872 as a contractor and builder, doing business in New 
Haven. He was elected state representative in 1886. He is a mem- 
ber of Hiram Lodge, No. 1, F. & A. M., of New Haven ; Montowese 
Lodge, No. If), L O. O. F.; Golden Rule Encampment and Hanimon- 
a.ssett Tribe of Red Men. In 1861 he was married to Charlotte A. 
Rogers, of Hamden. Their children are : Charles W., Hattie E., 
Minnie R., Frank A., Hubert E., Lottie J., Harry ^L and Ray- 
mond E. 

John E. Warner, born in Hamden in 1842, is a son of Horace and 
Elizabeth (Keep) Warner and grandson of Elam, who was a son cf 
Hezekiah Warner. Elam Warner was representative from Hamden 
in 1833. John E. Warner is engaged in farming. He was married 
in 1868 to Lsabel Pardee. They have three children : Grace L, Ella 
P. and Ida M. 

Pjenjamin C. Woodin, born in Hamden in 1828, is a son of Charles 
and grandson of Benjamin. His great-grandfather was also named 
Benjamin. He built the house where Benjamin C. now resides, it 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVExV COUNTY. 339 

being one of the oldest in the town. Charles Woodin married Betsy, 
daughter of Abraham Cooper (he served in the revolutionary war). 
Their children were: Eunice R., who married John L. vSperry ; Rhoda 
W.. married Jared Benham ; William H., married for his first wife 
Juliet Munson, and for his second Mary Downs: and Benjamin C, who 
married for his first wife Ann R. Beckwith, October 1st, 1852. She 
died in November, 1861. Their children were : Hattie, died at the age 
of five, and Bessie H., who married Frank Gorham, and has one child, 
Freddie S., aged eight years. Mr. Woodin married, in 1808, Julia 
Shipman. He enlisted in September, 1861, in the 7th Connecticut 
Regiment, and was discharged November 23d, 1864. He was wounded 
at the battle of Deep Run, August 16th, 186-4. He is a member of 
Admiral Foote Post, No. 17, G. A. R. He was elected representative 
in 1886. 

Vinus Wooding, born in Hamden in 1805, died in 1891, was a son of 
Abner and Lydia (Ailing) Wooding and grandson of Samuel Wooding, 
a revolutionary soldier, who was killed by the British when they 
landed at New Haven. Abner Wooding was a carpenter, and Vinus 
in his earlier years worked at that trade. Farming, however, was his 
principal business. He was married in 1840 to Jane Tirttle. They 
had three daughters : Vestina, Hettie and Janie. Abner Wooding 
framed the building now known as the Old Tontine in New Haven, 
his sons Eneas and Vinus working as helpers. 



CHAPTER VII. 
THE TOWN OF WALLINGFORD. 



Location and Description. — Early Settlers. — Growth of tlie Town. — Second Centen- 
nial. — Organization of Town and Early Records. — Town Clerks and Probate 
Judges. — Public Highways. — Manufacturing. — Wallingford Borough. — Incorpora- 
tion and Officers. — Sewerage. — Street Improvement. — Water Department. — Fire 
Department. — The Wallingford Disaster. — Gas Light Company. — Banks. — Building 
and Loan As.sociation. — Business Places. — Post Office. — Public Buildings. — The 
Press. — Libraries. — Yalesville. — Tracy. — East Wallingford. — Physicians and Attoi-- 
nevs. — Societies. 



AS at present constituted, the town of Wallingford is bounded 
north by Meriden, west by Cheshire, east by Durham and 
Middlefield, and south by North Branford and North Haven. 
In extent it is seven miles from east to west and about six miles from 
north to south. Its central part is near thirteen miles from New 
Haven. The general .surface is diversified by hills and dales, except 
in the ea.stern part, where are some mountainous lands, the Totoket 
rano'e extending: into the town. An elevated section west of Pista- 
paug lake, near the east line, bears the name of Whirlwind. Other 
elevations also bear local names, as Pond hill, which is on the line 
between Wallingford and North Haven ; Sugar Loaf hill, which is 
southwest of the borough: JNlt. Tom, west of the village ; and Long 
hill, applied to the range of hills east of the borough. In that part of 
the town are also some .swamp lands, the largest bodies being called 
Muddy River and Tamerack swamps. The principal stream in that 
section is Wharton's brook, which flows southwest into the (Juin- 
nipiac. The latter stream drains the main valley of the town and has 
several good water powers. Community lake or pond, near Walling- 
ford village, covers IHO acres. Along the east bank, for about four 
miles long and nearly a mile in width, is the great Sandy or Walling- 
ford plain, the largest level belt and the mo.st extensive barren lands 
in the .state. Aside from this and the extreme eastern section, the 
lands are fairly productive, and the town has some good farms on the 
smaller hills and in the larger vales. 

What is now the town of Wallingford was included in the second 
purchase of Indian lands, made by the New Haven colony, December 
11th, l(')8iS. At that time was deeded a tract thirteen miles long and 
ten miles wide, lying along the (Juinnipiac, several miles north of the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 341 

first tract purchased by Messrs. Davenport and Eaton. The colony 
thus had the right to the lands as far north from the sound as West 
Meriden. The consideration for the last purchase was an English 
coat for each ten square miles of land, the right to hunt and fish 
thereon being conceded to the Indians. 

It is probable that the Indians were undisturbed in the enjoj'ment 
of these privileges a long time, for it was not until about thirt}' years 
later that the settlement of the lands by the whites was considered by 
the New Haven colony. In 1667 that town voted to set off a village 
in the new territory, which purpose was confirmed by the general 
assembly at the October court the same year. In the next two years 
the territory was prospected for an eligible site for a village by John 
Moss, John Brockett, Abraham Doolittle and others, who suggested 
the locality which was later chosen. 

In order that the affairs of the projected village of New Haven 
might be prudently managed and only proper persons be admitted as 
planters, certain rules were prescribed by the town of New Haven, 
November Sl.st, 1669, and Samuel Street, John Moss, John Brockett 
and Abraham Doolittle were empowered as a committee to see that 
the rules of the town in relation to the village were carried out. Those 
purposing to become members of the new village now covenanted 
with one another by signing an agreement to do certain things in har- 
mony with the town's articles, which would have the effect of estab- 
lishing a church and maintaining a minister, etc.; " and lastly we doe 
engage personally to settle upon the place b}- May next, come twelve 
month, if God's providence inevitably hinder not, and to observe and 
perform all and every other article agreed upon." 

This agreement was signed by 38 persons, not all of whom settled 
in the new village. The committee now proceeded to locate the vil- 
lage site, " upon the hill, on the east side of the great plain, commonly 
called New Haven plain," now the borough of Wallingford. They 
laid out the south part of the village, " beginning at the southeast of 
.said hill;" and, then, " Next to the aforesaid house lots it is ordered 
that there shall be a highway cirosse the hill, from east to west of six 
rods broade*, and from thence a long highway of six rods broade on 
the top of thehill torunnorthwardf, and on each side of itt to ranges 
of hous lotts of six acres to a lott; and these lotts to be distributed." 

The settlement of New Haven village was thus begun, in the spring 
of 167(l, the first assignment of lots being made on the east slope of 
what is now South Main street and continuing northward until all 
those admitted as villagers were supplied with lots, which each 
embraced six acres, and jutted on .streets six rods wide. Most of the 
early settlers had previously lived in New Haven; others came from 
adjoining towns in the colony, and the following year a number more 
came direct from Boston, where they had landed as emigrants from 

*Now Centre street. fNow Main street. 



342 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

England. But all were settled on the approval of the Xew Haven 
village committee. 

On the 12th of May. 1670, the court of elections, held at Hartford, 
sanctioned the action of New Haven in forming this settlement, and 
" having been moved to state the bounds of the new village that is 
.settled upon the playne, as you goe to New Haven," it described 
bounds five miles wide on each side of the Quinnipiac river, extend- 
ing from Branford bounds northward " to where the old road to New 
Haven goeth over Pilgrim's Harbour," with a provision that no planta- 
tion or previous grant would be prejudiced by these village bounds. 
This court also ordered " that the plantation on the playne, in the 
road to New Haven be called Wallingford."-' 

The Branford bounds being disputed, a joint committee, composed 
of John Moss and Nathaniel Mernman for Wallingford, and John 
Wilford, Thomas Harri.son and vSamuel Ward for Branford, acted on 
it, September 22d, 1G70, but their recommendation does not appear to 
have settled the matter. In January, 1G73, another committee passed 
on it, agreeing in effect, " that the Meadow between the Mill River 
and the East River northward above the blue Hills shall be Walling- 
ford, as to the Bulk of it, and Liberty of draweing the line as they 
shall see cause, and though the line agreed too should cut through it." 

The following year John Wilford and Nathaniel White ran the 
lines of the survey according to the grant of the general court, 
namely: "We did Runn from the East River, comonly called New 
Haven River, upon an east and south line five miles; very nere pish- 
atipague ponds, and from there upon a North and by east line 
until it meets with Middletown South bounds; and on East and by 
vSouth line, till it meets with Middletown west bounds; and on the west 
side New Haven river upon a west and by north line seven miles." 

" The original proprietors of the country thus set apart as Walling- 
ford were: .Samuel Street, .Samuel Whittlesey, Thomas Yale, Juhn 
Moss, John Brockett, Nathaniel Merriman, Samuel Thorp, Jeremiah 
How, Isaac Curtis, John Atwater, Edward Peck, John Parker, sen., 
Joshua Culver. John Hitchcock, Roger Tyler, Samtiel Cook, Henry 
Cook, Daniel Mix, Samuel Brockett, Mercy ^loss, John Hall, Eliasaph 
Preston, Jehiel Preston, John Merriman, John Beach, Samuel Munson, 
Joseph Thompson, Benjamin Holt, John Peck, John Lathrop, Thomas 
Curtis, Nathaniel Royce, Doctor Hall, David Hall, John Austen, Zach- 
ariah How, Nathaniel How, Joseph Benham, .sen., Robert Roice. Will- 
iam Ebenatha, Ebenezer Clark, Samuel Hough, Joseph Benham. Jr., 
John Doolittle, Joseph Andrus, Thomas Beach, Abraham Doolittle."+ 

In addition to the assignment of home lots in the village, each 
planter received an allotment of meadow or woodland, at a convenient 

*Named fur the town of Wallingford in England. -the term meaning-, literally, 
an " old fortifieation," or a walled town 1)y a bridge or ford. 
tDoctor Davis, pp. S'>-G. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 343 

distance from the village. What was deemed most desirable for such 
purposes was described as being " Lotts on the river called New 
Haven east river, that are layed out to severall of the inhabitants as 
raeddow land. They are to begin at the end of the hill called Blew 
hill, where it comes to the river, and so to run upward the river." 
Thirty-eight lots of eight or twelve acres each were thus assigned on 
both sides of the river, according to the judgment of the .surveyors, 
acting on the orders of the committee. 

It should be borne in mind that, at this time, nothing was more 
abundant than land, and that it was comparatively worthless until it 
was cleared. In all these transfers from New Haven to the commit- 
tee, thence from them to the associated planters, as the original pro- 
prietors, there was no consideration of money. But there was a 
distinction made, based on the rank or relative importance of the 
planter. Hence, when it was proposed a year or so later, that other 
allotments be made, the matter was referred to a special committee, 
the results of whose labors are thus set forth in the records of Walling- 
ford: 

''■ Whereas at a towne meeting held July 29, 1672, the towne 
apoynted a comitee of 9 persons viz. Mr. John Moss Sen. Mr. John 
Brockett, Senior Nathanliell Merriman Sen. Abraham Dowlittle, Sen. 
Samll Andrews, Nathan Andrews, John Hall, Jun Samell Mon.son & 
Thos. Yale, for the Distribution of Lands, Respecting quantity to every 
planter, the above named comitee have had several Debates & Seri- 
ous Considerations, after which upon the 3rd of January 1673 they 
came to a conclusion of this matter Respecting every planter now in 
being & the conclusion is as foloeth. first that there shall be 3 sorts 
of Divisions according to the proportion of 2. 3. 4. that is to say, the 
lowest Ranks of allotments shall have halfe so much as the highest, 
the middle Ranke, of alottments three quarters so much & to every 
particular person as followeth. 

The highest rank to The Middle rank to be 

John Moss: Sen Samuel Roi.se 

John Brockett: Sen Nehemia Roise 

Nathll. Merriman: Sen Thomas Hall 

John Beach Samuel Thorpe 

Abraham Dowlittle vSen John Hall Sen 

Mr. Samuel Street Jeremiah How 

Joseph Eives 

Samuell Potter 
John Hall Jun 
Samuel Hall 
Abraham Dowlittle Jr 
Eliaseph Preston 
Nathaniel Merriman Jr 
Samuel Monson 
Ephriam How 



844 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

John Moss Jun The lowest Ranks to 

Nathan Andrews Richard Beach 

Samuell Andrews Elieazur HoUt 

William Holtt Daniell Hopper 

John Peck Zachrias How 

John Eives Eliazur Peck 

Thomas Curtice Joseph Benham 

Thomas Yaile Samnell Cook 

Nathaniell Roise Isaac Roise 

Benjamin Lewes William Ebnatha 

George Pardy, Sen " ■ 



In June, 1673, the planters voted "That there shall be alowed for 
the first division of lands to each planter, taking in house lotts, river 
lotts and all sorts of land, to the loest ranke. 40 acres; to the middle 
ranke 60 acres and to the hiest ranke, 80 acres and so to keep for the 
present." Taxes were laid in the same proportion, the highest rank 
paying double that of the lowest rank, etc. After this, allotments of 
lands were made from time to time to new settlers, to the original 
settlers as their families grew larger, or to meet the wants of special 
demands, tintil the whole territory was occupied. 

Those having lands allotted them were permitted to dispose of 
them after a three years' residence, provided they were alienated or 
sold to such persons as were approved by the town, one of the essen- 
tials of approbation being " sufficient testimony of their good conver- 
sation in the place where they formerly lived ;" and none were per- 
mitted to dwell in the town as planters, by purchase or otherwise, 
ttnless the full conseht of the town was first obtained.* Even those 
sojourning within the town limits could do so only with proper per- 
mission. + As a natural consequence the character of ihe inhabitants 
was better than if an indiscriminate population had been invited, and 
although some of the action taken appears to us like an interference 
with private rights, yet they were doubtless warranted by the exigen- 
cies of the times, which prompted a desire to have none but good 
citizens in the body corporate. To this care in laying the foundations 
of society may be attributed mvich of the stability which characterized 
the citizenship in later years. 

The progress of Wallingford in population and property, for a 
number of years after its settlement, was as follows: 

No. of planters, 1680, 50; 168."), 63; 1091, 76; 169."), 95: 1700, 120; 
value of estates, 1080, /:2,406; 1685, X":3,072; 1691, i;3,959; 1695, ^"4,298; 
1700, ;6'5,492. 

In 1701 the grand list of the town of Wallingford embraced the 
following persons and values of estates (in pounds): 

John Ives, ;^74; Widow Merriam, 14; Thomas Matthews, 28; Joseph 
Ives, 40; Samuel How, 27; Zachariah How, 33; Mathew How, 32; John 

*l\)\vn Records, February Vitli. Knl, ^Records, September, KITS, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 345 

Brocket. 87; Z. How, sen., 53: Gideon Ives. 86; Walter Johnson, 46; 
Nicholas Street, 43; Nathaniel Hall, 29; Samuel Royce, 48; Joshua 
Culver. 120; Mathevv Bellamy, 22; Henry Cook, 118; Thomas Hall. Jr., 
23; Jonathan Hall, 22; E. Royce and servant, 121; Mill, 10; Francis 
Kendrick, 32; R. Royce, Jr., 43; Sergeant Thorp and ap., 102; David 
Hall, 66; John Austen, 33; Nathaniel Ives, 26; Captain Thomas Yale, 
168: Ebenezer Lewis. 52: Nathaniel How, 66; Simon Tuttle, 79; John 
Peck, 69; Samuel Munson, 69: Eben Clark. 90; J. Hitchcock. 98: 
Lieutenant Hall, 99; Doctor John Hull, 11 ii; Deacon Hall, 74; Thomas 
Hall, 112; Theodore Doolittle, 4.5; Samuel Street, 59: John Beach, 50: 
Daniel Doolittle, 34; J. :SIerriman, 137; William Hendrick, 49: Eleazer 
Peck. 101: Ensign Andrews, 64; David Hall. 41; John Moss, 153; 
Nathaniel Curtiss, 24; John Cook, 39; Deacon Preston, 96; William 
Andrews, 48: Edward Fenn, 60: John Tyler, 51; John Hull, 79; John 
Parker, 27; Lsaac Curtiss, 93; vSamuel Royce, 102; J. Westwood, 28; 
Joseph Cook, 30; Daniel How, 40; Jacob Johnson, 46; John Peck, 40; 
Robert Roys, 60; William Tyler, 57: Samuel Cook, Jr., 64; Samuel 
Cook, Sen., Ill; Nathaniel Andrews, 25; Josiah Doolittle, 40; Thomas 
Richardson, 27; James Ailing, 28; J. Royce and 1 ap., 78; William 
Abernatha, 28; Joseph Parker, 24; Benjamin Hall, 50; Richard Wood, 
41; Ebenezer Hull, 25; Thomas Curtiss, 80: John Doolittle, 45; Samuel 
Lathrop. .36: Hugh Chappel, IS: John Lathrop, 18; Minor Phillips, 18; 
Joseph Thompson, 73; James Benham, 26; J. How, Jr., 34; J. Munson. 
-50; Widow INIerriman, 11; Thomas Beach, 79; Benjamin Beach, 32; 
Samuel Brockett, 82; Benjamin Royce, 29; William Kendrick, 22: C. 
Merriman, 75; A. Doolittle, 109: John At water, 113; Daniel Mix. 116; 
N. Royce, 100; Elijah How, 20: Nathaniel Tuttle, 28: William Aber- 
natha, 64; E. Doolittle, 39; John Parker, 74: Roger Tyler, 36; Samuel 
Curtiss, 21; J. How, Sen., 47; Widow Holt, 33. Total. £6:2Q1. 

In 1723 the inhabitants numbered 1,100. In 1774 the old parish 
of Wallingford had 2,130 inhabitants: Cheshire parish had 1,933; and 
IMeriden parish, 852, making 4,915 inhabitants in all. In 1800 Walling- 
ford and Meriden had 3,214 inhabitants, about one-third being in 
Meriden. In 1840 Wallingford had less population by several hundred 
than in 1830, but increased from that time. In 1850 there were 2.595 
inhabitants. In 1880 the population of the town was 4,686; of the 
borough 3,017; in 1890 the population of the entire town was 6,584. 

The second centennial of the settlement of Wallingford was cele- 
brated in the fall of 1869. The preliminary steps were taken at a 
town meeting, held October 5th, 1868, when the following committee 
of representative men of the oldest families was appointed to make 
provision to have it properly observed, namely: Caleb Atwater, 
Augustus Hall, Elisha Whittlesey, Randall Cooke, Samuel Peck, Ira 
Tuttle, Harvey S. Hall, Street Jones, H. L. Hall, Franklin Johnson, 
Julius Williams, Elihu Yale, Aimer I. Hall, Garry I. Mi.x. Enos Doo- 
little, Thaddeus Cook, Samuel Simpson, Joel Hall, 1st, Peter Whittle- 



'MQ HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

sey, Orrin Andi-ews, Doctor B. F. Harrison, Doctor Nehemiah Banks, 
William Francis, George W. Whittlesey, Joseph F. Noyes, Rhoderick 
Corliss, George B. Kirtland, William Carrington, E. H. Ives. Medad 
C. Munson, Medad W. Munson, John Atwater, S. C. Ford, William Y. 
Beach, D. Gaylord, William Elton, L. Pomeroy.Joel Hall, 2d, L.Lewis, 
Erastns A. Doolittle, Jeremiah A. Hall, George R. Dutton, Alexander 
Hall, Othniel L Martin, William M. Hall, Elizur Hall, Walter Ives, 
Hezekiah Hall, Silas Blakeslee, Horace Austin, Augustus Bartholo- 
mew, Samuel Miller, Lyman Humiston, John Allen, Joel Rice, Joel 
Hough, L. M. Monroe, Hubbard Jones, Chauncey Hough, Chauncey 
Andrews and Charles Ives. 

A meeting with appropriate exercises was held on the green, at 
the old Whittlesey place, which was largely attended and was a pleas- 
ant re-union of those who had been instrumental in the later develop- 
ment of the town. A generous collation was an attractive feature of 
the occasion, giving proof of the abundance to be found in the homes 
of these descendants of the first settlers, and affording a sharp con- 
trast of the two periods, separated by the lapse of two hundred years,, 
when this beautiful town was first located in the wilderness. 

Although the town was named by the general court in May, 1670, 
no meeting was held until April Gth, 1671. At that time there were 
probably one hundred inhabitants in the territory designated as Wal- 
lingford, but as they lived in a humble way in a compact village, but 
little business of general interest was transacted for several years. In 
fact, nearly all the affairs remained in charge of the New Haven com- 
mittee — Samuel Street, John Moss, John Brockett and Abraham Doo- 
little — until April 2Sth, 167:5, when Nathaniel Merriman was elected 
town clerk, a position which he held nine years. Since that time the 
town's transactions are (juite fully recorded. Previous to this election,. 
May 9th, 1672, the general court had appointed John Brockett and 
John Moss commissioners for Wallingford, and the former and Na- 
thaniel Merriman were the first deputies to the general court several 
years later. The other civil officers were elected as the town affairs 
developed, the first chosen being the selectinen, clerk, treasurer, con- 
stable, tithing men and surveyors of highways. 

Being at first essentially a government of a community, limited to 
a single place, there was no wide scope of business aside from the 
allotment of lands, the movement to establish the church (which was 
the principal factor after 1672), and to adopt measures for protection 
against Indian attack. Although apprehended to such an extent that 
small forts were built at the south part of the village, at Abraham. 
Doolittle's house, in 167.5, and later at the meeting house, there prob- 
ably was no real cause for alarm, except the fear inspired by the 
restless Indians on the east side of the Connecticut river. In 1670 
greater confidence prevailed, and the town voted " to agree to lay 
down ye warding on ye weeke days for ye present." 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 347 

The records of the births, marriages and deaths, in the town books, 
are some of their most interesting features. The first born was 
Samuel Potter, September 10th, 1671 : the first death was Samuel, son 
of Eleazer Peck, March 12th, 1673 ; and on the 5th of June, the same 
year, occurred the marriage of Thomas Hall, which was the first in 
the town. The later records of these matters are comprehensive and . 
voluminous. 

The early records also afford an interesting insight of the monetary 
matters of that period. The volume of circulation being very limited, 
when payments had to be made or means raised, it was necessary for 
the town to authorize some product as a means of exchange. Hoops 
for casks and barrels were among the chief articles of commodity, and 
the town received them in payment of taxes. Several of the first 
rank men had " hoop lands" allotted them, so that they might secure 
therefrom the means to pay their proportion of the taxes. 

.Space will not permit more extended reference to the records, 
which indicate that in the support of the church, schools, etc., the 
town was active and fully as zealous as any other communit}' in the 
county. 

A complete list of the town clerks of Wallingford embraces the 
following names and years of service: New Haven Committee to 1673; 
Nathaniel Merriman to 1682; Eliasaph Preston to 1687; Joseph Hoult 
to 1696; Joseph Royce to 1697; Thomas Hall to 1711; Samuel Mun.son 
to 1740: Thomas Miles to 1741; James Miles to 1766; Caleb Hall to 
1774; Caleb Cook to 177.i; Caleb Hall to 1783; Elisha Whittlesey to 
1800; George W.Stanley to 1803; Hunn Munson to 1834; Friend Cook 
to 183."); James Carrington to 1836: James W. Carrington to 1836; 
Samuel Cook to 1840; Delos Ford Cook to 1840; Henry A. Cook to 1841; 
Lorenzo Lewis to 1856; E. S. Ives to I860; Lorenzo Lewis to 1861; E. 
S. Ives to 1863; J. B. Pomeroy assistant T. C. to 1863; Augustus Hall 
to 1864: E. S. Ives to 1868; George W. Bartholomew to 1868; Edward 
F. Cook to 1869; Franklin Piatt to 1872; Othniel I. Martin to 1888; 
William Burr Hall to 1889; Othniel I. Martin the present clerk. 

In 1776 the Wallingford Probate District was erected to include the 
original town and also part of what is now Prospect. Out of this dis- 
trict were subsequently formed the Cheshire and the Meriden districts, 
the latter being set off in 1836. From the establishment of the dis- 
trict until the present the following became judges in the Walling- 
ford district in the years mentioned: Caleb Hall, 1776; Oliver Stanley, 
1784: G. W. Stanley, 1809: J. P. Kirtland,1818: R. Hitchcock, 1819; J. 

D. Reynolds, 1829:' E. M. Pomeroy, 1838; Augustus Hall, 1842: E. H. 
Ives, 1844; J. R. Merriama, 1846; E. H. Ives, 1847; Augustus Hall, 1850; 

E. H. Ives, 1851; E. S. Ives, 1852; Ira Tuttle, 1868: Franklin Piatt, 
1869; Othniel I. Martin, 1872 to present time. 

One of the greatest obstacles the early .'^ettlers encountered was 
the difficulty of communication, the reads being few and very poorly 



348 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

improved. From New Haven to Hartford was a two days' journe\-, 
prior to 1700, and the usual stopping place was Belcher's tavern, m 
the northern part of what is now Meriden — an almost midway point 
on the old colony road. The course of that highwaj', through Wal- 
lingford, and the principal streets in the borough were described in 
1670. Other streets east and west in the village, and Elm street north 
and south came later. At first so little attention was paid the old 
colony road that at the session of the general court, October. 1684, it 
was ordered that the different towns through which it passed should 
'■ amend it from such defects as dirty sloughs, bushes, trees and stones 
which incumbered it." 

In litQ'2 the highway over the river was ordered: in 160:^ the road 
between Daniel Mix and Joshua Culver; in 1694 the road at Broad 
vSwamp, in Cheshire; in 1697 the road at ]\Iill River, in the same town- 
ship; also the same time the road from South ^leriden to Stony river; 
in 1693 the road to Haddam, through the northeastern part of town, 
was laid out; in 1700 the road through Dog's Misery neighborhood 
was located; and in 1702 two highways were located on the west side 
of the river, to run westward, one south (jf the Broad swamp, the other 
north of it. The same year the road on the New Haven line west- 
ward, terminating in what is now the town of Prospect, was also 
located. The liighway from the Long hill to the New Haven line 
southward was located in 1707. In many places the Old Colony road 
was originally forty rods wide; most of the other roads were twenty 
rods wide; and very few of the early roads were as narrow as ten rods. 

Little work was done on these roads beyond cutting down the 
brush, and when one track was fttU of ruts another was made, land 
being more plentiful than labor to repair the roads. Again, travel on 
them was an easy matter, as the mode was mainly by horseback or 
two-wheeled chaises, and but few of the latter class were used. " It 
was not until 1789 that the first wagon was brought into Meriden. as 
the property of Ezra Rice. It was a rude affair, being simply a square 
box on four wheels, drawn by twt) horses, with ropes for traces and 
cords for the driving lines.""'-' 

Not until 1802 were the roads rounded from the center to the sides, 
after the manner of building turnpikes. No dotibt the completion of 
the Hartford & New Haven turnpike, in 1800, had something to do in 
setting this fashion. When that highway was projected it was opposed 
with some spirit, but after it was in use a good patronage was given. 
Its cour.se through Wallingford was on the west side of the river, 
which was crossed at Yalesville. At that place one of the first good 
bridges acro.ss the stream was erected by the company. For fifty 
years this was a good thoroughfare, but in later years other highways 
have also been well improved, at a yearly expenditure of about §4.00(». 

*Doc't(ir Davis. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 349 

The bridges are kept in repair at an outlay of several hundred dollars 
per year. 

vSplendid communication is afforded the town and the borough of 
Wallingford by the Hartford & New Haven railroad, which estab- 
lished a station on the " Plains," northwest of the cemetery, in the 
fall of 1839. In November of that year Orrin Andrews became the 
station agent, and acted as such ten years. Gould Andrews succeeded 
him, and was the agent five years. Since January 1st, 1855, the present 
agent, Silas N. Edmonds, has represented the company at Walling- 
ford, and under his direction most of the station improvements have 
been made. The old station was a frame building, standing northeast 
of the present station, and was also the home of the agent. The 
present station was built in 1871, and is very commodious, being of 
brick, 35 by 155 feet. In 1885 it was remodelled m the inside and 
.supplied with modern conveniences. The present freight house, on 
the opposite side of the tracks, was built in 1875. It is of brick, 175 
feet long, and is built substantially. The labor of the station is per- 
formed by Mr. Edmonds and ten assistants. In 1855 the station had 
three trains per day; in 1889 the number was eighteen, and the yearly 
increase of traffic was about ten per cent. The station was supplied 
with telegraph service in September, 1860, and Mrs. S. N. Edmonds 
was the first operator. 

The station is supplied with two sets of Hall's Electric Railway 
Signals, 2,500 feet distant, and also a set of danger signals. The 
present improved system has been in use since 1884. The original 
sj-stem was here first put in use by the inventor in 1871, he being at 
that time a resident of Wallingford. Later the device was perfected 
and manufactured at Meriden, from which place the factory was 
removed to Bridgeport. 

The station at Yalesville was remodelled in the summer of 1889, 
and made more attractive. Ed. Carrington was the first agent; W. E. 
Rice served until the fall of 1887, and since that time the present agent, 
C. W. Cook. A considerable volume of business is there transacted. 

A brief review of the industrial life of the town, as manifested in 
her manufacturing interests, affords one of the most gratifying fea- 
tures of its history. The manufactories of Wallingford have given 
the town wealth and prominence. Not long after the .settlement of 
the first planters, this phase of business life was brought into exist- 
ence by the urgent needs of the settlers, and a mill for grinding corn 
was built on Wharton's brook, south of the present borough, which 
was ready for operation in December, 1674. This mill was put up by 
Lieutenant William Fowler, of Milford, for the town, and among the 
first millers were John Fowler and John Lothrop. The location was 
not favorable, and after a few years it was decided to move the mill. 
A new site was projected in 1677, the natural falls above the great 
plain on the Ouinnij^iac being selected. The mill was removed, and 



350 HISTORY f)F NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

grinding at the new site was begun in ^lay, 1678. Jolin Lothrop being 
the miller. At the end of half a dozen years it was decided to move 
the mill again, further down the stream, where a better site was 
afforded, and to make it sure forever for that purpose the town voted, 
Ojtober 8d, 1687, to sequester the site, which was done. 

As the mill stood on the west side of the stream, and mo.st of the 
planters lived on the east side, a public canoe was provided early in 
1688. Six years later the town built a bridge, so that the mill could 
be reached on horseback. This was probably put up on the site of 
the present bridge at Yalesville, and is thought to have been the fir.st 
bridge in the county across the Ouinnipiac. 

The maintenance and operation of the mill was a troublesome 
piece of business for the town, which in 1707 made an arrangement 
with William Tyler, whereby he became the sole owner. From that 
time on the Tyler family controlled the property for more than a 
hundred years. The locality became known as Tyler's Mills, and the 
grinding of grain and the fulling of cloth were both carried on. In 
the early part of the present century Charles Yale became the owner 
of the Tyler interests, and having made extensive repairs and added 
other lines of business, which augmented the population of the ham- 
let, it now became known as Yalesville. 

Charles Yale was born in 1790, and on reaching manhood became 
a manufacturer of japanned and tin ware, which he sold in the South 
and amas.sed a fortune. Later he engaged in the manufacture of 
pewter and Britannia goods, being one of the pioneers in the latter 
interest. He here associated his brother Hiram with him, and with 
the aid of skilled artisans from England they not only made fiat 
wares of Britannia, but produced hollow ware, such as tea sets and 
■communion services, which had a beauty of finish and excellence not 
before attained in this country. Both the Yales died while the Bri- 
tannia industry was yet in its infancy, Charles Yale departing this life 
November 2d, 1835. 

In the meantime Samuel Simpson, who had been an apprentice of 
the Yales here, became interested in this line of manufactures, begin- 
ning January 1st, 1835, and carried on operations twelve years, when 
he sold out to John Mun.son, who had been associated with him .several 
years. Prior to this a part of the power at Yalesville was utilized 
by J. B. Pomeroy and John B. Hall in the manufacture of gimlets and 
auger bits, which industry was here discontinued about 1843 and re- 
moved to the Quinnipiac, two miles below Wallingford. About this 
time Bennet Jeralds began using a part of the Yale works, and for 
three years manufactured Britannia spoons for Russell Holt, of Meri- 
den. Eli Ives became the owner of the property in 1843, and for the 
last time put the grist mill, still kept up, in order, but which was per- 
manently discontinued several years later. In 1846 he .sold out to a 
Mr. Johnson, of Middletown, who manufactured pins at this place a 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 351 

short time. Soon after Charles Parker purchased the property and 
continues the owner. In 184S he and Garry I. Mix began the manufac- 
ture of Britannia and German silver ware, continuing- until lSo-1, when 
Mix retired to establish himself in business at a lower power at Yales- 
ville. Parker and the Jeralds iThomas and Bennet) continued at the 
old place as the Parker Manufacturing Company. In 1857 the old 
mill and factory buildings were destroyed by fire, when the present 
buildings were erected and occupied in February, 185S. The main 
factory is of brick, 100 feet long, with an ell 60 feet long, both being 
two stories high. There are also large frame buildings. 

In 1876 the Parker Manufacturing Company discontinued the 
manufacture of German silver ware at this point, but the production of 
Britannia spoons has since been carried on, in a limited way, by 
Bennet Jeralds. When these industries were at their best 130 people 
were employed. In later years the greater part of the Parker shops 
has been devoted to the manufacture of the woodwork for coffee and 
spice mills, piano stools and packing cases, about 1,000,000 feet of 
lumber being used annually. Fifty hands were thus employed, in 
1889, by the Parker Manufacturing Company, with A. G. Brown as 
superintendent. An excellent dam produces a motor of 150 horse- 
power, but since these shops are auxiliary to the works at Meriden 
they have lost their former importance. 

G. I. Mix & Co., at Yalesville, are extensive manufacturers of Bri- 
tannia goods. This establishment is on the Quinnipiac, at the lower 
•end of Yalesville, where the plant embraces about twenty acres of 
land, admirably located for manufacturing purposes. There is an 
-easily utilized water power of 175 horse capacity, which appears to 
have been overlooked until 1855, when Garry I. ^lix selected it and 
began the improvements which now give the place so busy an appear- 
ance. There are in all ten buildings, the main factory being 40 by 
100 feet and four stories high, with a large brick wing. In 1886 
steam power — 50 horse — was added to the water motor, and since that 
time the capacity for production has been increased. In 1889 large 
turning and sawing shops were added, as well as offices and store- 
rooms, in an attractive brick building, 32 by 72 feet. One htindred 
and fifty persons are employed, mainly in the manufacture of Bri- 
tannia goods, but carpenters" tools and other specialties are also made. 
Garry I. Mix continues at the head of the firm. 

The Jennings & Griffin Manufacturing Company's plant is located 
at Yalesville station. The power on the Quinnipiac at this point was 
improved by Deacon N. C. Sanford and others, and was first used in 
the manufacture of augers, etc. The building was small, forming at 
present a meager part of the establishment of the above company. 
Later owners were Clark, Nelson & Co., E. H. Tracy being the man- 
ager and subsequently the owner of the works, which were now de- 
voted to the manufacture of ship augers, and during the war did a 



302 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

large business. Associating C. E. Jennings and others with him, the 
Le Homecleau Manufacturing Company was established and here con- 
tinued until 18S'2. In 1883 the present firm succeeded to the business, 
.becoming a corporation January 4th, ]884. 

The plant contains about fifty acres of land, and the water priv- 
ilege has been improved to turn two wheels of 80 and 100 horsepower 
respectively. The buildings are brick and frame, and there are forty 
small forges. One hundred hands are employed on carpenters' tool-;, 
ship augers, edge tools and table cutlery. After the death of E. H. 
Tracy, before 1882, R. E.Tracy was the superintendent; and since the 
date given R. Aldrich has had charge of the works. 

In this establishment A. J. Burghoff has also carried on the manu- 
facture of Britannia spoons, employing fi'om six to ten hands. 

The Miller Brothers Cutlery Company was incorporated March 1st, 
1870, to operate at Yalesville, but removed to ^leriden in 1872. Their 
product was pocket cutlery. 

In 1887 the Turner Rapid Heat Furnace Companx' was incorpor- 
ated, and later began the manufacture at Yalesville of the castings, 
etc., needed in their apparatus. L. W. Turner is the manager of the 
concern, which has a growing business. 

Ouinnipiac is a very small hamlet on the river, two miles below 
Wallingford borough. The power was first improved to operate a 
grist mill, and the land contiguous was sequestered for that purpose. 
After 1883 a large bttilcling was there put up by Aimer Hall, Walter 
Martin and others for the manufacture of wood screws, which was not 
a profitable undertaking. Some time about 1843 J. B. Pomeroy vised 
the building in making razor strops and gimlets, and later he and 
Robert Wallace there made Cerman silver spoons; still later Hall, 
Elton & Co. used it in the manufacture of Britannia ware, the build- 
mg finally becoming the property of Milo Todd and others, who con- 
verted it into a paper mill alwut 1870. The latter industry was not 
long continued, and in later years the grist mill was the only interest 
maintained at that place. 

One of the first industries of importance in the borough of Wal- 
lingford was the manufacture of razor strops, which was begun about 
1820 by Elisha M. Pomeroy, James Carrington and Constance Kirt- 
land, in a shop on Centre street, east of i\Iain. Not long after the 
building on the corner of Centre and Fair streets was erected and 
occupied by them. In a few years Pomeroy became the .sole proprietor, 
and also had a store where v.-as the post office, kept by Carrington. 
The strops made were a really good article, and were sold all over the 
country by peddlers with teams, kept by Pomeroy himself. Later he 
was joined by hisson, Lucien, and Lyman Humiston,and the Pomeroy 
Manufacturing Company was formed. Flumiston was a part owner of 
the grist mill and cloth works on the Ouinnipiac, near the village, 
which he and Daniel Ilumiston had operated, but which was now taken 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 353 

for the uses of the new company, which had several lines of manu- 
factures, including paper buttons. A score of people were employed. 
After operating there some time the old Humiston site became the 
property of Samuel Simpson, and the Pomeroy Manufacturing Com- 
pany secured a new plant in the eastern part of the borough, where 
its business was continued a number of j-ears. In 1850 the company 
was duly incorporated. In about 1866 the company consolidated with 
Hall & Miller, rival button makers, Lucien Pomeroy becoming the 
president, and Friend Miller secretary and treasurer of the new com- 
pany. The business declined, and the company discontinued many 
years ago, there being no longer a demand for paper buttons. 

Another pioneer enterprise in the borough was the factory of 
Charles and Hiram Yale, at the southeast corner of Main and Centre 
streets, where they began making pewter and Britannia ware prior to 
their removal to Tyler's Mills, later Yalesville, where they built the 
largest establishment of the kind in the country, when the Walling- 
ford plant was abandoned. Charles Yale also had a large tin shop in 
the village, where he manufactured goods for his southern trade, sup- 
plying his store in Richmond therefrom. He employed many hands, 
and his shops were hives of industry prior to 1S2."J. 

Some time about 1826 J. and M.Carrington began the manufacture 
of coffee mills, on Main street, but built a shop on Wharton's brook, 
east of the village, being the pioneers in that locality. They discon- 
tinued about 1830. Near this time Deacon Aimer Plall began making 
block tin spoons, in a shop on Main street, near Centre, having at first 
only a few hands, but increasing until 25 persons were employed. 
Later he moved this industrv to Quinnipiac, where he and others made 
wood screws and block tin spoons. 

The business of Hall, Elton & Co., manufacturers of silver plated 
goods, was established about 1836, when Jacob Hall and William 
Elton began the manufacture of Britannia ware on the site of the 
present plant of Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co., and a year later Deacon 
Aimer Hall was associated with them, the firm taking the above 
name. About this time Robert Wallace, who had become a skillful 
workman in German silver, entered the employment of this company, 
whose business soon demanded larger quarters. These were secured 
in a new factory, erected on the river, where is now Community lake, 
the dam being higher up the stream than the present one. A large 
number of hands were employed, the manufacture of German silver 
table cutlery being extensively carried on. After the use of steam 
power became more general, this property was sold to the commu- 
nity, and that societ}' vacated the old site, removing the buildings to 
the present site, below the large dam, constructed opposite the com- 
munity residence. Hall, Elton & Co. next secured still more com- 
modious quarters on Cherry street, near the railway station, where 
they have since continued. In 1882 the company leased its quarters, 
22 



354 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

for ten years, to the ^ileriden Britannia Company, but maintains its 
organization. It became a corporate body in 1850, and its capital has 
been increased to $125,000. In 1889 A. vS. Chase was the president of 
the company, and R. H. Cowles the secretary and treasurer. 

At this place the veteran manufacturers, Samuel .Simpson and 
Robert Wallace, mu.st be noticed,- as their united and separate efforts, 
■more than anything else, have placed the most important industries 
of the borough upon a permanent basis. Although both are now the 
heads of large corporations, they have attained these positions only 
by skillful and industrious application to their cliosen occupations, 
■extending over a period of time covering about half a century of_ 
yeans, in which they have learned and developed the details of their 
business as manufacturers of Britannia, German silver and plated 
■wares. 

Samuel Simpson began his career as an apprentice to the Yales, at 
Yalesville, April 1st, 1820. After serving a number of years, he him- 
self manufactured there until 1847. About this time new methods of 
manufacturing Britannia were introduced. The use of moulds was 
discarded, and the metal was spun in .shape by means of a lathe and 
power press, after having been cut into the desired patterns from the 
■thin sheets by dies and chucks. This left it in good shape for 
electro-plating, which was applied to this class of goods about this 
time, with favorable results, and permitted a finish as fine and almost 
as durable as sterling silver, and at a cost of not more than one-fifth 
of like goods in standard silver. These innovations encountered 
deep-seated prejudices, but the beauty and durability of the goods 
were soon established, and those who had early adopted these meth- 
ods were on the high tide of the electro-plating excitement which now 
swept over New England. After leaving Yalesville. Samuel Simpson 
secured the old Humiston mills property, and in 1847 there fitted up 
a factory with improved machinery for the manufacture of silver- 
plated ware and electro-plated hollow ware, the latter being the first 
attempt of the kind in America. From the beginning both branches 
were successful. In 1854 he stocked his business with the Meriden 
Britannia Company, of which corporation he was an active member 
eleven years, when he dissolved his connection, thereafter more dis- 
tinctively devoting himself to his several Wallingford enterprises, as 
shown in the following pages. 

Robert Wallace, the contemporary of the above, fully shares with 
him the honor of bringing up this class of goods to their present slate 
of excellence. While but a mere boy he entered the employ of Deacon 
Aimer Hall and learned the art of manufacturing Britannia and pewter 
spoons, in whicli he took great interest. This led him to endeavor to 
improve the quality and to experiment with other metals. To this 
■end he obtained a recipe from a foreigner for the composition of a 
* See also biographical sketches in following- chapter. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVKN COUNTY. 355 

metal which has become wideh' known as German or nickel silver; 
and it is claimed that the first spoons made in the United States of this 
compound were from the mixture prepared by Robert Wallace. He 
obtained the nickel and other ingredients in New York in 1836, and 
after having melted a few pounds according to the recipe, he had it 
rolled into proper sheets at a mill in Waterbury. He now had a sil- 
versmith work up some of it into spoons, which proved to look nearly 
as well as those of sterling silver, and which were, if anything, more 
substantial. The utility of the new metal was speedily recognized by 
Deacon Hall, who secured the services of Mr. Wallace, who continued 
with him and with Hall, Elton & Co. until 1855, since which time his 
individuality as a manufacturer has been exhibited in his own busi- 
ness. In that year he associated with Samuel Simpson and others 
interested in the Meriden Britannia Company, and formed a copart- 
nership for ten years, under the name of R. Wallace & Co. The 
Humiston factory was occtipied and a large business transacted. At 
the expiration of ten years a new corporation was formed, September 
ilth, 1865, under the general laws of the state, with the name of Wal- 
lace, Simpson & Co. 

This company had practically the same members as the old firm, 
Robert Wallace being at the head of both. The water power was 
improved and a new factory was built farther down the stream, which, 
being supplied with modern machinery, gave greatly enlarged facili- 
ties and increased products. Hundreds of dozens of forks, spoons, etc., 
were turned out daily, whose quality w^as surpassed by no other factory. 
By act of the general assembly the name of the above corporation was 
on the 17th of June, 1871, changed to R. Wallace & vSons' Manufactur- 
ing Company, under which title business has since been carried on. 
Beginning with table wares, one branch after another was added until 
the company makes all kinds of solid silver, nickel silver and silver 
plated goods. The descriptions of the varied products of the factory 
fill several large folio volumes, and the designs shown are replete with 
artistic work. The goods themselves are substantial and very 
thoroughly finished. 

The plant of the corporation is complete with the best machinery, 
and the two and three story brick buildings occupied cover several 
acres of ground. The water power has been supplemented by steam, 
until there is an aggregate of 250 horse power. From 2i to 3 tons of 
steel and about 1^ tons of nickel silver are consumed daily, and 425 
skilled metal workers are employed. It is claimed that this company 
produces more silver plated forks and spoons than any other factory 
in the world, and that its stamp is taken as evidence of the standard 
value of the goods. Distributing houses are maintained in New York 
and Chicago. 

The capital of the corporation in 1890 was $300,000, and the officers 
were: Robert Wallace, president; F. A. Wallace, secretary and super- 



356 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

intendent of the works; W. J. Leavenworth, treasurer and general 
business manager of the corporation. 

The old and honorable corporation of .Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co. 
was formed in July, 1860, by Samuel .Simpson, who associated Avith 
himself a number of practical young business men and skilled art- 
isans, among them being Aimer I.Hall and Friend Miller. The latter 
had occupied the plant, now taken for a white metal factory, for .shops 
for the manufacture of paper buttons. The motor was water power 
from Wharton's brook, to which steam was added, there being in 
1890, l.'iO horse power. To this place Samuel Simpson brought his 
large experience as a manufacturer of electro-plated hollow ware, and 
he has here built up an establishment which, in its extent and arrange- 
ment, has but few superiors in the country. The grounds embrace 
several acres, upon which have been erected five frame and two brick 
buildings, from two to four stories high, affording a floor space of 
26,000 square feet. The latest improved and labor saving machinery 
is used, and more than 300 skilled operatives are employed. The prod- 
uct embraces every variety of electro-plated ware of artistic design 
and iinish, for household use and decorative purposes. Show rooms 
are maintained in New York, Chicago and Montreal, the .splendor of 
the goods displayed attracting general attention. The variety and 
beauty of the hollow ware produced by this company are not excelled, 
and their William Rogers flat ware is the peer of similar goods. 

The capital stock of the corporation in 1890 was $302,000. Samuel 
Simpson was the president; Andi'ew Andrews, secretary; C. H. Brown, 
treasurer; and Gurdon W. Hull, general superintendent. 

Closely allied with the foregoing, and having the same manage- 
ment, is the Simpson Nickel Silver Company, which was incorporated 
in 1871 with a capital of $r)0,000. A well arranged brick factory on 
Cherry street is occupied, the motor being an engine of 175 horse 
power. From 75 to ]00 persons are employed, under the management 
of William N. Mix, in producing spoons and other flat ware, which 
have a well earned reputation. The mam building is 35 by 99 feet, 
three stones high, and spacious wings add to the capacity of the 
works, which are supplied with good machinery. 

Some time about 1858 a part of this plant was occupied by the 
Fowler Manufacturing Company, to manufacture heavy metal presses, 
evaporating pans, etc., out of solid sheet iron, by machinery invented 
by Degrosse Fowler, of Northford. This industry was discontinued 
about 1860. In the early years of the war the building was vacant, 
and in 1863 parts of the 5th, 8th and 12tli Connecticut Regiments of 
Volunteers were quartered in this and the lower Hall & Elton build- 
ing, the troops being in charge of Major-General B. F. Butler. 

In 1864 the Marvin Signal Company, composed of Bishop and 
others, occupied the building, but removed to New Haven October 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 357 

17th, 1867. Thence, later, the building passed to Samuel Simpson and 
the present occupants. 

The Maltb}', Stevens & Curtiss Compan3% electro-platers, complete 
the list of manufacturers at Wallingford producing that line of goods. 
The firm of Maltby & Stevens was organized at Shelton, in 1880, with 
a capital of §40,000. and after manufacturing at that place several 
years was partially burned out in 1883. In November of that year 
the firm came to Wallingford, when the present company was formed 
and the buildings of Hall, Elton & Co. occupied, under a sub-lea.se 
from the Meriden Britannia Company. In February, 1887, the Pierre- 
pont Silver Company, of Seymour, con.solidated with this firm, and its 
machinery for making German silver hollow ware was transferred to 
Wallingford and placed in the Community-building, on the Quinnip- 
iac, since which time the company has made both flat and hollow 
ware. The same year the capital was increased to $80,000. E. S. 
Stevens is the superintendent of the manufacturing department, which 
gives employment to about 200 persons. D. F. Maltby is the presi- 
dent of the corporation, and S. J. Bryant the secretary. 

The lower Hall, Elton & Co. factory was built about 1857 by a com- 
pany, having among its members Aimer I. Hall, Wooster Martin, 
Henry Martin, Jacob Hall, E. H. Ives and Samuel Parmalee. It was 
occupied for the manufacture of cutlery, but the business did not 
prove very successful. In 1866 the Albata Plate Company occupied 
the building, and was here a short time when the property passed to 
the present owners. 

The H. L. Judd Company, manufacturers of stationers' and orna- 
mental hardware, was incorporated in 1869 as the Judd Manufactur- 
ing Company, the present title being assumed in 1887. The original 
business was established in Brooklyn, N. Y , a branch factory being 
located at Wallingford in buildings which form a part of the present 
plant. The company still operates at both places, but the Walling- 
ford interest has assumed large proportions. The plant on South 
Cherry street is extensive in its plans and embraces a main building, 
one story high, 80 by 325 feet, with a wing 60 by 150 feet. The part 
occupied by the office and the showrooms is three stories high. 
About 200 persons are employed in the production of plain and artis- 
tic goods in iron, brass, nickel and the more precious metals. H. L. 
Judd, the head of the corporation, is a re.sident of Wallingford and is 
interested in its material development. 

The Wilson Sewing Machine Company was incorporated Septem- 
ber 30th, 1882, and when the organization was effected, W. G. Wilson 
was elected president: R. H. Cowles, secretary and treasurer; and J. 
H. Sheldon, general superintendent. The company had a nominal 
capital of $300,000, the greater part of which was represented by the 
machinery of Wilson and others in their old factory at Grand Cross- 
ing, near Chicago, which it was proposed to close up and to transfer 



358 HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the interest to this place. To encourage the project and to advance 
the well-being of the borough (since 400 men would be emplo^-edi, 
liberal subscriptions to the stock of the company were made by the 
citizens, and eight of them donated a site for the new factory. 
Splendid brick buildings were erected in the northwestern part of the 
borough, at a cost of $7;?,000. They embraced a main building four 
stories high, 40 by 80G feet, and a one story structure, 40 by 200 feet, 
for use as annealing and engine rooms. In this was placed a '2')0 hor.se 
power Harris-Corliss engine. The factory was formally opened 
August 0th, 188:5, when a grand public reception was given in the 
building in honor of the event. An address of welcome was made by 
the Hon. L. M. Hiibbard, which received responses by Governor Thomas 
Waller, the Hon. L. H. Roots, the Hon. Samuel Simpson and others. 
About 2,000 people, including many distinguished guests from all 
parts of the state, were present, and the occasion was also a great social 
event as well as signalizing the opening of one of the finest factories 
in the county. 

The company soon after began operations at this plant, but through 
mismanagement and other causes was forced to suspend before many 
months, and in the course of a few years the visions of the prosperity 
which the new enterprise was expected to bring to Wallingford had 
entirely faded away. The machinery of the Wilson company was 
removed, and after the building had been vacant some time it was 
occupied sever.al months, in 1880, by the R. L. Spencer Company. 
This was also a foreign interest, and having but a limited capital, like 
the former, it did not flourish in Wallingford. 

Early in the spring of 1889 the above plant was occupied by two 
new industries whose .successful maintenance will add much to the 
prosperity of the borough, namely, the Metropolitan Rubber Company 
and the New York Insulated Wire Company. The former was estab- 
lished at Reading, Mass., in 1883, and in 1887 was incorporated with 
a capital of $125,000. It is devoted to the manufacture of fine grades 
of rubber goods for men's and women's wear, a specialty being made 
of cloth and silk Mackintoshes of fine te.Kturcs, James Hamdton is 
the superintendent of this branch of manufactures, and about :>00 
people are employed. 

The New York Insulated Wire Company was incorporated in 1884 
in the state of New York, with a capital stock of §500,000, and the 
factory at Wallingford is operated as a branch of the parent business. 
The insulation of wire for electrical purposes is carried on according 
to the Grimsh.-iw process, a most excellent and efficient article being 
produced. ^Vbout fifteen miles of wire are prepared daily, and a large 
number of men arc employed under the direction of W. B. Dowse. 
A. J. Tower is the treasurer of the two companies, C. II. Wilcox being 
the i)rcsidentof the latter comp.-iny and Charles A. Place of the former, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 359" 

b;ith of which appear to have entered upon a prosperous career at this 
place. 

The Wallingford Wheel Company is a prosperous and important 
concern. A pioneer in the manufacture of wheels at Wallingford is 
Elihu Hall, who made them as early as 1835. Three years later he 
engaged in the manufacture of wooden combs, using a building which 
stood west of the works of Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co., and later added 
the making of paper buttons. In lS4o he moved to a power higher up 
the stream, but again returned to the old place, where he carried on a 
general turning shop, and after 1855 manufactured wheels by machin- 
ery. In 1864 the firm of Elihu Hall & Co. was incorporated, with a 
capital of $15,000, E. H. Ives being associated with Hall. Two years 
later they moved into the old Hall, Elton & Co.'s shops north of the 
railway station, which were fitted up to manufacture on an extensive 
scale, and 40 men were employed. 

In 1873 the Hall & Parmalee Wheel Company succeeded to the 
business, and in 1879 the present company took charge of the inter- 
ests. This company was formed of the old company and the Nauga- 
tuck Wheel Company, organized in 1878, and which removed to Wal- 
lingford in April, 1879, to consolidate under the above name. In 1890 
the capital stock was $40,000. Bryan A. Treat was the president and 
treasurer, and Charles C. Treat the secretary of the company, which 
has been a member of the Wheelmakers' Association since June, 1888,. 
and is producing material only. Since December, 1888, C. VV. Robin- 
son & Co. have occupied part of this building as wheel manufacturers,, 
employing fifteen men. 

A singular fatality appears to be connected with the shops of this 
company. They were almost wholly destroyed by fire March lOth, 
1880, and again May 30th, 1888, the aggregate losses being nearly 
$100,000. Here also was the sad killing of Horatio Hall, in March,. 
1874, by the insane or crazed-by-revenge Swede, John Anderson^ 
whose timely capture no doubt prevented a still greater tragedy than 
the killing of one man and the wounding of others. 

The works of the Sweetland Manufacturing Company, northeast of 
the railway station, were also destroyed b}' fire in May, 1884. The 
main building was a two-story frame, 30 by 125 feet, and was used in 
the manufacture of chucks. The company had been incorporated in 
January, 1884, and being burned out so soon after, did not rebuild. 

The Domestic Manufacturing Company, incorporated in July, 1886, 
erected a large frame building near the Wilson sewing machine plant, 
which was occupied several years, when the interest was transferred 
to New York city. A large business was done in jobbing in no- 
tions, card printing, etc. H. O. Rose was the president and general 
manager. 

The Sackett Manufacturing Company was incorporated in May, 
1884, and under the management of Mr. Sackett occupied the Com- 



H(S() HISTORY Ol-' XKW Il.W'EN COUNTY. 

inanity shops in the manufacture of embroidery fixttires for sewing 
machines, etc. Tlie company removed to I'Tew Haven after a few 
years' business at Wallingford. 

Prior to this occupancy the community had a printing house and 
buildings at the river used for silk mills. The latter industry was 
established in 1868, and was carried on in connection with the silk 
mills at Oneida. N. Y., the goods being here only partially completed. 
About thirty hands were employed, and the interest was carried on 
successfully a number of years. The printing interest was earlier 
established, and had at one time attained considerable proportions. 
Very good work was done in book and job printing, and the fame of 
the " Mt. Tom Printing House " was not confined to the limits of the 
town, much work being done for outside parties. Previous to the 
starting of the silk mills the community purchased a water privilege 
of Hall, Elton & Co., and improved the water power by building a 
larger dam, which constitutes the present Community lake. This is 
about one mile lono- and contains a laro^e volume of water. The fac- 
tory was enlarged at the same time, and the privilege, as improved, 
became valuable. After the removal of the members of the commu- 
nity the plant was idle until 1884. 

In the town have been a number of small manufacturing interests 
which have passed away. The sites on the brooks east of the borough 
were improved, and the small powers thus afforded were active factors 
in the town's industries, until the era of concentration and the estab- 
lishment of large plants caused these smaller factories to be unprofit- 
able. On other streams, in other parts of the town, a few dams are 
still kept up to afford power to operate small feed mills, whose use- 
ftilness is limited to the neighborhood in which they are located. On 
the former streams, on the site of Peck's mills, Ralph Hill started a 
wooden comb factory about \S'M. and later the place was occupied by 
William Lewis, in making paper buttons, and Hiel and John Munson 
to manufacture Britannia ware. On this stream the latter afterward 
built a grist mill, which for more than twenty years has been the 
property of Father Hugh Mallon. Lower down the stream David 
Cook and others had a gimlet factory. In this part of the town J. B. 
Pomero}^ made razor strops as late as ISCO. 

In 1864 the Gaylord Brothers established a gimlet and boring tool 
factory, which was successfully carried on several years, giving em- 
ployment to more than a dozen of men. 

Of the later small factories, the Wallingford Creamery has become 
a useful industry. It began business in the fall of 1887, and has ex- 
tended its scope since that time. 

Wallingford borough is the seat of the first settlements in the town 
in 166!) 70. h'or many years it occupied an unimportant place among 
the towns of the state, but in later years, by reason of its manufactur- 
ing interests, it has become one of the most prominent of its size and 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 361 

is rapidlv growing in population and wealth. In 1887 its directoi)' 
contained 1,338 names and 72 new buildings were erected; in 1889 67 
new buildings were put up and the directory contained 1,736 names, 
or an estimated population of more than 5,000, about double what it 
was 15 years ago. 

The borough is most beautifully located in the valley of the Quin- 
nipiac and on the Hartford railroad, twelve miles from the city of New 
Haven. Within its bounds are high and low grounds, affording many 
advantages for manufacturing and residence lots, and securing good 
drainage. The center proper is on a long, .sloping hill, on the top of 
which is Main .street, running in a straight line north and south about 
two miles, much of the distance being arched by stately elms along 
its sides. Other .streets run parallel with it, and all are cut at right 
angles by numerous cross streets: most of them are well graded, and 
there are many miles of concrete sidewalks. There are a .system of 
sewerage, and water and gas works, making this one of the finest 
country places in the state, which fact is attested by the number of 
attractive buildings and comfortable homes erected in the past twenty 
years. There are also three large brick and one brown stone churches, 
fine .school houses, banks, public halls and all the accessories of a 
thriving and well ordered community. The surrounding country is 
also very attractive, and its general development has kept pace with 
the growth of the borough, many of its natural advantages now for the 
first time receiving appreciative attention. The varied interests of 
the town are noted in the following pages. 

The village of Wallingford was incorporated as a borough under 
an act of the general assembly, passed in May, 1853, with the follow- 
ing bounds: "Commencing on the Hartford and New Haven Turnpike 
road, at a point w^est of the sluice across the highway, near the top of 
'Town hill,' and near the dwelling house of William M. Hall; from 
thence east, in a straight line, so as to inter.sect said sluice, and to the 
highway running past the factory of John Munson; from thence 
southerly, in a straight line, to the top of • Long hill,' at the junc- 
tion of ' Long hill ' road and the road running from the Town street 
past George R. Bartholomew's dwelling house to said ' Long hill;' 
from thence westerly, in a straight line, to Doctor Rice Hall's barn; 
from thence, in a straight line, to Joel Camp's dwelling house, on the 
said turnpike road; from thence along the turnpike road to the place 
of beginning, be, and the same are hereby ordained, constituted, and 
declared 'to be from time to time, foreve-" hereafter, one body corpor- 
ate and politic, in fact and m name, by the name of 'Tlic Warden, 
Burgesses, and Freonen of the Borough of Wallingford.' " 

Acting under the provisions of this charter an organization was 
effected July 4th, 1853, Elisha M. Pomeroy moderating at the meeting. 
E. S. Ives served as clerk. The first officers then chosen were: War- 
den, Abner Hall: burgesses, Samuel Simpson, Jerome B. Pomeroy, 



862 HISTORY OK XEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Wooster ^lartiii, Lorenzo Lewis, Ebenezer H. Ives, Frederick W. 
Bartholomew; treasurer, Augustus Hall; bailiff, Otliniel I. ^Lartin. 
By-laws were adopted June 1 "it h, ] 8.-14. Medad Munson was elected 
warden in lS54-."> and E. S. Ives continued the clerk. 

The borough election in JSoG was defaulted, and for a number of 
years the charter privileges were relinquished. But at the Ala}', LS6S, 
session of the general assembly the borough was re-established under 
the old title, and vSamuel Simpson, one of the selectmen for the 
restoration of the charter, was authorized to call the meeting for reor- 
ganization. This was held in the ba.sement of the Baptist church, 
July 17th, 1868, and Franklin Johnson presided. The election resulted 
in the choice of the following: Warden, Samuel Simpson; clerk, R.H. 
Cowles; burgesses, E. H. Ives, Roswell Moss, George W. Whittlesey, 
Phineas T. Ives, Henry Martin, Aimer I. Hall; treasurer, J. C. Mans- 
field; bailiff, O. I. Martin. 

Later, under the new by-laws of August, 186S, the following were 
appointed: Prosecutor, Jonathan M. Andrews; assessors, vSamuel C. 
Ford, O. I. Martin; constables, John Ives, S. M. Scranton, S. N. Ed- 
wards, J. M. Hall, G. N. Andrews. 

After the first election, in 1808, and until 1881 the wardens were: 
vSamuel Simpson, two years; John Munson, four years: Ebenezer H. 
Ives, one year: Charles D. Yale, two years; Robert B. Wallace, one 
year: and B. A. Treat, two years. In the sarne period the clerks were: 
R. H. Cowles, Andrew Andrews, C. H. Brown, Jo.seph W. Allen and 
George D. Munson. 

At the January, 1881, session of the general assembly, the charter 
of the borough was revised and amended. New limits to the bounds 
were set and the corporate privileges and powers were very much en- 
larged, to permit the establishment of a sewerage system, water 
works, the improvement of the fire department, and to make other 
improvements commensurate with the growth of the place. The 
power of local legislation was vested in " The Court of Burgesses," by 
which title the warden and the burgesses were now .styled. 

Under the amended charter, an election was held in November, 
1881, with the following result: Warden, Bryan A. Treat; burgesses, 
R. H. Cowles, J. C. Mansfield, W. J. Leavenworth, P. :McKenna, Albert 
D.Judd, Martin P. O'Connell; clerk, C. H. Brown; collector, R. S. Aus- 
tin; treasurer, Thomas Pickford; asses.sor, Thomas Kennedy, 'id; aud- 
itor, Henry L. Hall, l.st; bailiff, L. A. Northrop. L. M. Hubbard, E.sq., 
was appointed borough attorney, and Marcus E. Cook road commis- 
sioner. The expenditures of the borough for the year ending No- 
vember, 1881, were $6,881.41, and the net debt was not quite S4,0()(t. 
The following year the borough expenses were more than $1(),4()(). 
In 1886, the by-laws of the borough were amended. 

Bryan A. Treat was elected to the office of warden annually until 
1885, when George E. Dickerman succeeded him. In 1880 William 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 363 

M. Whittaker was elected; in 1887, R. C. Morse; in 1888, Henry F. Hall; 
and in 1889, George E. Dickerman. The clerks were: 1881-2, C. H. 
Brown; 1888-7, Fraray Hale; 1888-9, George T. Jones. In 1889 the 
treasurer was W. I. Todd; the collector. R. S. Austin; and the auditor, 
Henry L. Hall. 

By act of the general assembly, passed February 23d, 1886, the 
borough court of the village and town of Wallingford was established 
on the first Monday of April, 1886. Of this court Leverett M. Hub- 
bard was appointed judge and F. C. Bartholomew deputy judge. 
Upon the expiration of their first term they were reappointed. 

The matter of improving the drainage of the borough was a ques- 
tion for the consideration of a special meeting of the freemen. Sep- 
tember 28th, 1885, and the court of burgesses was appointed to freely 
investigate the same. As a result of their labors it was decided to 
establish a system of sewerage, and ordinances pertaining to the same 
were enacted in August, 1886. In the same month, the borough con- 
tracted with the H. Wales Lines Company to construct about 2,000 
feet of sewers, of pipes from 12 to 20 inches in diameter, at a cost of 
§3,345. Since that time the work of laying sewage pipes has con- 
tinued, with beneficial results to the community. In 1888 over one 
mile of sewers was built, at an expense of $8,923.09, a little more 
than one-fourth of which was paid out of the general treasury of the 
borough. 

The improvement of the streets of the borough in a more sub- 
stantial manner and according to modern methods was begun the fol- 
lowing year. At a special meeting, October .')th, 1887, the court of 
burgesses was instructed to purchase a large steam power stone 
cru.sher, which was set in operation the following winter, and large 
quantities of crushed stone have since been placed upon the principal 
streets, producing a hard and smooth surface. In 1890 most of the 
streets were in an improved condition, and the sidewalks especially 
commended themselves by their excellence. There were nearly 
twenty miles constructed of smooth concrete, and the borough 
claimed more good walks than any other town of its size in New 
England. 

But the organization of the water department has made more 
apparent the benefits derived from the new charter, which have been 
realized in the construction of the water works under its provisions. 
The matter of a system of supplying pure water was discussed as 
early as 1870, and periodically thereafter until the organization of the 
present department. Pending this the general assembly, on the 23d 
of March, 1881, authorized the formation of the Wallingford Water 
Company, as a corporate enterprise, providing the borough would not 
avail itself of the provisions of its charter on the matter. This, how- 
ever, was done in 1881, when the first board of water commissioners 
was cho.sen, viz.: B. F. Harrison, P. T. Ives and H. B. Todd, with John 



364 HISTORY OF NHW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Atwater as treasurer of the water fund. In 1888 a new board was 
elected, consistino; of W. J. Leavenworth, William ]M. Hall, Jr., and M. 
O'Callahan. 

A fund of $7."), 01)0 having been secured by the sale of borough 
bonds, the construction of the water works was begun in 1882. The 
water rights were secured in July, that year, upon the payment of 
$!),250. The supply is from Lake Pistapaugh, in the Totoket moun- 
tain range, four and one-half miles from the borough. This lake is 
fed from springs only, and is held in a narrow, deep basin, having bold 
rocky shores, a mile long. The water it contains is of the finest qual- 
ity, and its natural color is not affected by time, remainitig as clear as 
crystal. By improving the lake the storage capacity has been increased 
to ol7,444,400 gallons, or nearly three times the amount tised by the 
borough in 1S88. The lake has an area of 136 acres, and its head is 245 
feet above the center of the borough (Main street), and about 32i) feet 
above the plains, permitting a flow by gravitation, which yields a pres- 
sure of loo pounds to the .square inch. The water is taken 800 feet from 
the shore, at a depth of eleven feet, through 18-inch stone ware pipe to 
the gate chamber, from which place iron pipes carry it to the town. 
One thou.sand feet of this distance is through a tunnel thirty feet 
below the surface. The works were located by Engineer D. C. Sati- 
ford, and the construction was placed in the hands of Engineer John 
Osborne. Most of the contract work was done by William C. McCal- 
lan, of Chicopee, Mass., and part of the system was ready for use No- 
vember 1st, 1882. 

In order to permit the extension of the system an act was passed 
by the general assembly in January, 1883, to authorize the borough to 
issue $30,000 more bonds. This was done, and the works were com- 
pleted and extended in a most thorough manner. In the fall of 1889 
the entire amotmt expended for construction purposes was nearly 
§1 It), 000, which was reported as the value of the plant, exclusive of 
the expense connected with the same. Nearly 18 miles of mains were 
maintained, from which service was also had for 70 fire hydrants. The 
entire income from rents for the year ending November 1st, 1889, was 
$7,227.95. Since 1883 there has been an increase of rentals of about 
$500 per year, and in 1889 the department accrued a net gain of nearly 
$1,000, 

The treasurers of the water fund succeeding John Atwater have 
been: 1885. John B. Kendrick; 1886- 7, William H. Newton; 1888-9, 
William I. Todd. William M. Hall, jr., was superintendent of the 
water works until January 1st, 1889, when he was succeeded by W. J. 
Morse. The latter's associate members on the board of commissioners, 
were Michael O'Callaghan, chaiiman; and Doctor George Andrews, 
advisory committeeman. 

Aside from the primitive jjrecautions and methods of putting out 
fires common to all well regulated New England towns, no organized 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 365 

effort in that direction was made until the Wallingford Fire Engine 
Company was authorized by the May, 1831. session of the general 
assembly. On the oth of July, that year, Hiram Yale called a meet- 
ing to enlist members, whose number was not to exceed 17, and 
whose residences were to be within one mile of the meeting house. 
All members were to be exempt from military duty. A very rude 
engine was purchased and was used by the community nearly a score 
of years. It was simply a long box on wheels, into which water was 
poured from pails and then churned into a short hose, which was 
directed against the fire by a man holding it, standing on the engine. 
Four men on each side worked the brakes. It was housed in a small 
building which stood in the rear of the Congregational church. After 
being used a number of years and the company having disbanded, it 
became an attractive plaything for the village boys, who last used it 
at a fire on the plains and added it to the burning objects by running 
it into the cellar of the building which had been destroyed. Indi- 
rectly this had a bearing on the incorporation of the village, soon 
after, as that measure was secured mainly to provide means against 
fires. 

In the summer of lS54the borough appointed Israel Harrison, Will- 
iam M. Hall and Augustus Hall to purchase a new fire engine, at a 
cost not to exceed $850. To defray the expenses of the new depart- 
ment a tax of six cents on the dollar was levied, September 18th, 
1854. The machine secured was a hand engine which was called the 
" Accanant," and a company was formed to man it. In 1856 Ovid 
Warner, Samuel Simpson, Aimer I. Hall, George W. Elton, John 
Mansfield and others, as members of the Accanant Fire Engitae Com- 
pany, were incorporated tinder the laws of the state with that title. 
The engine was housed in a small building in the rear of Union Hall, 
but in the great fire of October 27th, 1867, all the buildings in that 
locality, including the Episcopal church and Union Hall, were 
destroyed. 

In 1868, J. C. Mansfield was the chief engineer of the department, 
and the fire wardens were Frank Field and Othniel I. Martin. In 
July of that year it was voted to build a new engine house of brick, 
on part of the town lot which had just been purchased, and Frank 
Field, George A. Cook and W. Elton were appointed the building 
committee. In 1879 80 this engine house was improved and enlarged 
to properly house the new engine. 

The growth of the village and the consequent increased danger 
from a general conflagration made it apparent that a better service 
must be provided. Hence, on January 2d, 1880, a committee of citi- 
zens, appointed to secure a steam fire engine, reported that they — 
R. H. Cowles, G. W. Hull, Samuel Simpson, J. C. Mansfield and E. F. 
Steele — had purchased a Button & Son engine, costing $2,165.30, and 



366 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

that the old "Accanant " engine had been turned over in part payment 
for $150. The steamer was soon after put in service. 

In October, 18S(), Amos S. Dickinson, the acting chief, submitted 
the first annual report of the re-organized department, which had at 
that time 46 men enrolled. The apparatus consisted of the steamer 
" Wallingford No. 1," which was capable, with a pressure of i)() pounds 
of steam, of throwing a stream 201) feet, through a t inch nozzle. 
There were two hose carts with l,r)5() feet of hose. The department 
property was worth $4,437.98. Two destructive fires had occurred 
that year, viz., that of the Wallingford Wheel Company, March 19th, 
18i^<», with a loss of $51,000; and the glass works of Simpson. Hall, 
Miller & Co., March 24th, $7,100. 

In 1881 the department cost $245.63, responded to three alarms, and 
the losses were only $1,025. In 1882 John W. Douglass was the chief 
engineer. There were fifty volunteer firemen, seven alarms and 
$],()60 losses. In 1883 David Ross was appointed chief engineer, 
which position he also held in 1889, following B. T. Buell. 

In 1888 the steamer was thoroughly overhauled and equipped for 
horses, to be used auxiliary to the hose, which can be attached 
directly to 70 hydrants of the city water works. The other apparatus 
consisted of a four-wheel hose carriage, two two-wheel hose carts, and 
one hook and ladder truck. There were about 2,5(i0 feet of hose. The 
department had 04 men, exclusive of its three officers, belonging to 
the Wallingford Hose Company, No. 1; the Wallace Hose Company, 
No. 2, with a house on the Plains; and the Simpson Hook and Ladder 
Company, No. 1. Seven fires had occurred in the year, from which 
there was a total loss of $59,782.82. Nearly the entire amount resulted 
from the burning of the shops of the Wallingford Wheel Company, 
May 30th, 1888, the fire being caused by lightning. In 1889 the losses 
were but $330. The department had 70 men and was maintained at 
an expense of $1,236.47. 

In the year ending November, 1889, the borough expended on its 
streets $2,934.33; on its police, $433; for lighting the streets, $2,465.13; 
for extension of the sewerage system, about $5,000; and for salaries, 
$275. The net debt of the borough, exclusive of the bonds issued for 
the water works, was a little more than $21,000, and the rate of taxa- 
tion was light. The borough, under the new charter, has flourished, 
and the improvements projected and carried out under it have not 
only greatly advanced the business interests and augmented the pop- 
ulation, but have also promoted the beauty of Wallingford and 
caused it to become the most attractive and healthiest borough of its 
size in the state. 

On the 9th of August, 1878, the borough of Wallingford was visited 
by one of the most disastrous tornadoes ever known in the state. 
Sweeping over the northwestern section of the borough, in a north- 
easterly direction, it left a well defined trail of ruin, devastation and 



HISTORY OF XEW HAVEX COUNTY. 367 

■death, where but a moment before hundreds had dwelt in health and 
security. The old frame Catholic church was demolished, the high 
school building wrecked, and a number of houses were caught up and 
whirled about until they were dashed to pieces. Large trees were 
twisted off as if they had been only blades of grass, and the loss of 
property was very great. But the saddest feature of the storm was 
the loss of life. Thirty persons were killed and more than that num- 
ber injured, many of them being the wives and children of the labor- 
ing classes living in that part of the borough. The event has passed 
into history as the '' Wallingford disaster," and the phenomena con- 
nected with the tornado awakened much interest in scientific circles, 
but no satisfactory explanation of the cause of the storm has been 
^iven. 

The Wallingford Gas Light Company was incorporated April 4th, 
1881, and organized two years later with a capital of $42,000. W. J. 
Leavenworth was the first president, and has so continued; E. M. Judd, 
treasurer: and B. A. Treat, secretary. The above, with G. W. Hull and 
L. M. Hubbard, constituted the board of directors. The works were 
erected on the banks of Community lake, in the fall of 1883, and con- 
sist of a brick building, 30 by 70 feet, and one gasometer, having a 
capacity of 50,000 cubic feet of gas per day. H. H. Edgarton was the 
supervising builder, under sub-contract for W. C. McClellan, and the 
first public service of gas was November 13th, 1883. In 1889 there 
were 12| miles of mains, 91 public lamps, and the output was about 
■2,000,000 cubic feet of gas of good quality. F. H. Lane was the super- 
intendent. 

The First National Bank of Wallingford was incorporated January 
1st, 1882, with a capital of §100,000, which was increased in July, 1883, 
to S150,000. The first board of directors was composed of Samuel 
Simpson, G. W. Hull, Lyman M. Monroe, Walter J. Leavenworth, 
Robert H. Cowles, L. AL Hubbard, Robert Wallace, E. M. Judd and 
Hezekiah Hall. These still continue, with the exception of the last 
three, who.se places are filled, in the order named, by Frank Wallace, 
Albert D. Judd and Henry Hull. From the beginning Samuel Simp- 
son has been the president and William H. Newton the cashier, and 
under their judicious management the bank has flourished and accumu- 
lated a surplus of nearly $20,000. 

The banking office was first established in a room in the Wallace 
Block, where it remained about a year. In the meantime the substan- 
tial banking house now occupied was built by the corporation, at a cost 
■of $10,000, into which the bank was removed in February, 1883. It 
stands on a part of the old Whittlesey lot, on Main street, and is sup- 
plied with modern banking appliances. Since in use it has also been 
■the home of the Wallingford Dime Savings Bank, which was given a 
-corporate existence in May, 1871. Samuel Simpson has been the 
president of this institution since its organization. E. H. Ives was the 



368 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

first treasurer, and in 18S'2 was succeeded by John Atwater. The 
latter served until September. 1886, when Leonard B. Bishop became 
the treasurer, and has since continued, serving also as secretary, 
^lorton Judd and John Atwater are the vice-presidents. Associated 
directors are P. T. Ives, George E. Dickerman, Reverend Hugh Gal- 
lon, Charles N. Jones and L. M. Hubbard. Business was begun, in a 
small way, in 1871, at the store of Thomas Pickford, the bank being 
open for deposits one evening per week. Next it was open three days 
per week, at the same place. In the past few years it has transacted 
business daily, and has prospered proportionately. In 1889 the de- 
posits were $250,000. Semi-annual dividends at the rate of four per 
cent, per annum are paid, and a surplus of $18,(iitn has been accumu- 
lated. 

The American Building and Loan Association of ^Minncmolis. 
Minn., organized a local board at Wallingford, May 2d, 1889, with G. 
W. Hull, president; William H. Newton, secretary and treasurer; and 
Walter J. Leavenworth, Joel R. Boice, William M. Whittaker. W. A. 
Tra.sk and E. S. Stevens, directors. In November, 1889, forty persons 
were members of the local board, whose place of business was with 
the national bank. 

Probably the first public house in the town was the one kept by 
Nathaniel Merriman, in 167::i. when he waschosen " To keep an orday- 
nary and promised to make trial for one year provided every planter 
resident provide and laye in place wheare he apoynts 20 good sufficient 
rails for fence and 4 posts redy morticed by the middle of May next." 

After 1720 Mrs. Sarah Whittlesey had a small store in the present 
borough, and often entertained the public men of the state when they 
passed from Hartford to New Haven. In the times of the revolution 
Amos Hall kept the principal tavern at Wallingford; and it is claimed 
that General Washington stopped at Peter Carrington's tavern over 
night, October 18th, 1789. An earlier tavern keeper was Lieutenant 
Abraham Doolittle, who kept a popular place in the times of the French 
and Indian wars, east of Main and south of Centre streets. Eben 
vSmith was a keeper of the inn at the same place in the present gener- 
ation. At the same time and earlier Jared Lewis had a public house 
and store higher up Main street, where is now the Wallace Block. 
Fred. Lewis was at the same place at a more recent date. At the Doo- 
little stand Benjamin Foote and William Carter entertained the public. 
Gideon Hosford had a well known tavern on the plains, andChauncey 
Cook and Dwight Hall were in the central part of the village. The 
Bishop tavern was on the turnpike two miles below Wallingford, where 
was also the stage office. Livcrius Carrington and George B. Kirtland 
were well known merchants before 18r)0. Since that time many per- 
sons have merchandised in Wallingford, and there have also been a 
number of public houses, but no detailed account can here be given. 

The first regular post office at Wallingford was established in 1798,, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 369 

and James Carrington was the postmaster, continuing until after 1820. 
In the later years of his administration two mails per week were sup- 
plied, but soon the facilities were increased. The office was kept on 
Centre street. William Elton, Samuel Cook and Samuel Button were 
later postmasters. In 1853 Orrin Andrews was appointed, and the 
office was opened in Union Hall. In 1861 Doctor Jerome B. Pomeroy 
became the postmaster, serving until his death, in 1866. Lorenzo 
Lewis was next appointed, and after L^nion Hall was burned, October, 
1867, the office was kept at his .store, corner of Centre and Main streets. 
A few years later an office was fitted up in the town hall building, 
where it remained until December, 1887, when the present handsome 
office in the Simpson Block was occupied. This was especially fitted 
up by the proprietor, Samuel Simpson, and in the completeness and 
elegance of the appointments it is one of the finest offices in the county. 
There are 60(» lock and 300 call bo.xes. The office has a service of six 
mails per day, and is a domestic and international money order office. 
Succeeding Lorenzo Lewis as postmaster was D. W. Ives. In 1872 the 
office passed to L. M. Hubbard, with W. B. Hall as assistant post- 
master. The latter is the present postmaster. 

Among the public buildings of Wallingford the old Union Hall 
was the first to deserve a place in the annals of the town on account 
of its size and prominence. It was erected on Main street, south of 
the Episcopal church, in 1853, by an association of citizens formed for 
that purpose, who held stock in shares of $25 each. The building was 
fitted up for stores, a general hall and lodge rooms, and also contained 
the general offices of the town. On the 3d of April, 1854, the first 
town meeting was held in the building, and by special arrangement 
they were there continued until the hall was destroyed by fire, October 
27th,^ 1867. It was a large three-story frame building, having the main 
hall in the second .story. Lorenzo Lewis was for many years the sec- 
retary of the association. The hall was not rebuilt, and the lot became 
the property of the Episcopal parish, the present church standing on 
part of the Union Hall site. 

Immediately south of this William Wallace had erected his large, 
four-story brick block about the time of the civil war, which was the 
first substantial public building in the town, and which still continues 
to be noteworthy on account of its massive appearance. For many 
years this building was in advance of the general improvements, but 
m the light of the progress made since that time it stands a fitting 
monument to the public .spirit and enterprise of the builder, who set 
the standard for future architecture. It is devoted to stores, offices, 
halls and lodge rooms. In 1889 the property was owned by Wallace 
& Phelps. 

The Simpson Block, on the west side of Main street, and north of 
Centre street, is the latest addition to the handsome public buildings 
of the borough. It was erected in 1887 by Samuel Simpson, and is 
23 



370 HISTOKV OI-' NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

one of the best improvements made by that enterprising citizen* 
Architecturally it is attractive and imposing, a substantial and 
capacious brick block, and was designed mainly for the convenience 
of the public. The lower floors are devoted to business rooms, the 
second to offices, and the upper part forms one of the handsomest 
opera houses in the state, affording every convenience for the lovers 
of amusement. 

In the summer of ISS'.l the Messrs. Wallace & Phelps completed 
in the rear of their block a large one-story brick structure, which 
has been fitted up for the use of the Wallingford Company of the 
Connecticut Guards, and has received the name of Armory Hall. It 
is also adapted for public gatherings. 

Directly south of the latter, on Centre street, is the commodious 
town hall of Wallingford. It was erected in pursuance of a vote of 
the freemen, at a meeting held May 2d, 1868, when it was decided to 
"build a hall to cost not more than $30,000 nor less than $20,000, 
the same to have a tower for a clock." A building committee, com- 
po.sed of vSamuel .Simpson, D. W. Fields, Franklin Johnson, Hezekiah 
Hall, Bennet Jeralds, William McKenzie and Elijah Williams, was 
appointed, and bonds were issued to erect the hall according to the 
plans of Architect Russell. January 5th, 1869, D. W. Fields, appointed 
to purchase a bell to be placed in the tower of the hall, secured one 
weighing 3,000 pounds, and the tower was surmounted by a flagstaff. 

On the 4th of October, 1869, the first town meeting was held in 
the new hall, which has since that time been the capitol of the town. 
It is a brick edifice, three stories high, 60 by 80 feet, and is attractive 
in its appearance. The auditorium is in the second story and has a 
gallery, stage and scenic arrangements. The property is valued at 
$38,000. 

The hi,story of the periodical press of Wallingford begins with the 
publication of the Circular, a weekly organ of the community societies 
issued from the Mt. Tom Printing House, from 1864 to 1868. The 
first distinctively local paper was the Wallingford Witness, which was 
e.stablished in March, 188(), by W. Burgess, who sold to J. E. Beale, 
June 1st, the .same year. The latter conducted the paper with varied 
success for three years, when his interest passed to the Times Printing 
Company, composed of citizens of the borough. Colonel D. C. Pavey 
became the editor, and'so'continued until .September 16th, 1889, when 
the plant was transferred to the present proprietors, Richards & Buck- 
master. An office in the vSimpson Block is the place of publication. 
The Times is an independent weekly of forty columns (eight pages), 
devoted to local and general news, and has a growing circulation. 
Frederick Richards is the editor. 

F. W. Richards began his newspaper career in Naugatuck in 1880, 
at which time he was associated with J. P>. Beale, who was publisher of 
the Naugatuck Kcviciv. He came to Wallingford in the fall of 1886, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUxNTV. 371 

and had an editorial position under Beale on the Witness. His reputa- 
tion as a writer made him the choice of the Times Publishing Company 
when it was necessary to find a successor for D. C. Pavey, in Septem- 
ber, 1889. 

W. S. Buckmaster is a brother-in-law of F. W. Richards, and is a 
native of New Haven. He entered the printing business as an appren- 
tice in the office of the Watcrbttry American in 1860. He enlisted from 
that city in 1863, in Company F, 23d Connecticut Volunteers. After 
the war was over, several years were spent in the employ of Hoggsun 
& Robinson, of New Haven. He was one of the original stockholders 
in the Neiu Haven Union. His connection with the Wallingford Times 
is contemporaneous with F. W. Richards. 

Moses Y. Beach, the successful proprietor of the New York Sun, 
was a native of this town, had a country home here and died in Wal- 
lingford, after having accumulated a large estate. 

Following the custom of those times, a library company was organ- 
ized at Wallingford, which was incorporated January 80th, 1833. 
Jared P. Whittlesey was one of the most active in maintaining it. 
The library was kept many years at Elijah Beman's, at the corner of 
Christian and Main streets, but later was maintained in Union Hall, 
and E. S. Ives had charge of the books. When that building was 
burned, in 1867, most of the library was saved, and after the Ladies' 
Library and Reading Room Association was organized, in 1881, .some 
of the books were transferred to that body, in whose library they are 
.still in u,se. The Ladies' As.sociation was formed with about 60 mem- 
bers, and has since had an influential following. A library was 
opened in the Wallace Block and was maintained there until 1887, 
when more commodious quarters were secured for it in the new Simp- 
son Block, the proprietor, Samuel Simpson, generously donating the 
use of two of the finest rooms in the building, which have been well 
fitted up for library and reading room purposes. In 1889 the library 
contained 2,360 volumes of miscellaneous books, and the reading room, 
which was open daily, had on file all the leading monthlies, five weekly 
and four daily papers. These rooms were in charge of Miss Emma 
Lewis, the librarian, since 1884, and who succeeded Miss Helen A. 
Hull in that office. Miss Edith C. Lane has been the secretary of the 
association since 1882, and Mrs. Henry L. Wallace is the treasurer. 
Eight ladies manage the affairs of the association. 

Yalesville, a village in the northern part of the town, has a pleas- 
ant situation on the west bank of the Quinnipiac river and contains 
several hundred inhabitants. There are several flourishing manu- 
facturing establishments, stores, post office, three neat churches 
(Episcopal, Methodist and Baptist), a fine school house and a number 
of attractive residences. A village improvement society, recently or- 
ganized, has directed attention to the care of the streets, planting of 
trees and the general advancement of the place. 



372 HISTORY OF np:\v haven county. 

Yalesville is, next to Wallingford borough, the oldest settled place 
in the town, and in its pioneer history was known as the " First Falls " 
above the plains. The improvement of the water power was ordered 
June 4th, 1677, and as it has since been utilized, this is the oldest 
manufacturing point in this part of the county. After 1700, for a 
hundred years or more, the place was called Tyler's Mills, when it 
took the name of Yalesville, in compliment to Charles Yale, one of the 
most enterprising manufacturers of his time." 

William Hall, Floyd Camp and C. W. Michaels have merchandised 
in the village, the latter continuing in 1890, and being also the post- 
master. 

Tracy is the name which has been applied to the post office estab- 
lished at Yalesville station, June l.st, 1888, with Almon J. Ives as post- 
master. There are four mails per day, and about one hundred fam- 
ilies are by this means afforded mail privileges. 

The hamlet at this point also embraces the works of Jennings & 
Griffin, the railway station, store, and about twenty residences. In 
the summer and fall of 1889 the improvement of the hamlet was 
begun by its inhabitants, and public street lamps were put up, twenty 
being maintained at the close of the year. 

vSome time after the completion of the Air Line railroad, about 
1871, a station was opened on it in this town, with the name of East 
Wallingford. Later a post office was there established, with the same 
name, and a .small hamlet has sprung up, in which are the usual occu- 
pations of such a place. 

In 1890 the physicians of Wallingford were C. Hunt Atwater, 
Henry Davis, J. D. McGaughey, William S. Russell, D. J. Curtin, E. S. 
Vail, Vincent L. Baldwin, J. M. Tabor and George Andrews. The 
town has had many medical practitioners, among them being, accord- 
ing to a local writer, the following. In addition to the eight Doctors 
Hull here named, five other descendants of Doctor John Hull located 
elsewhere : 

1. Doctor John Hull, born in New Haven 1041 ; came here 1087. 
Practiced in Derby 20 years before. 

2. Doctor Benjamin Hull, son of Doctor John, born in Derby. 
Commenced here 169:). 

'.i. Doctor Jeremiah Hull, son of Doctor John, born in Derby. 
Commenced here 169r). 

4. Doctor John Hull, second, grandson of Doctor John. Commenced 
1725. Born in Wallingford. 

5. Doctor Benjamin Hull, second, grandson of Doctor John. Com- 
menced 1735. Born in Wallingford. 

6. Doctor Benjamin Hull, third, great-grandson of Doctor John. 
Commenced r7(!:i. Born in Wallingford. 

* See Manul'aelurinj;' Interests. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 373 

7. Doctor Amos Hull, great-grandson of Doctor John. Commenced 
about 1786. 

8. Doctor Amos G. Hull, great-grandson of Doctor John. Patentee 
of the Hull truss. 

9. Doctor Aaron Andrews. Commenced in about 1771. Born in 
Wallingford. 

10. Doctor John Andrews, son of Aaron. Commenced in about 
1800. Born in Wallingford. 

11. Doctor Moses Gaylord. Commenced in about 1800. Came from 
Durham. 

12. Doctor L5'man Parker. Commenced in about 1815. Native of 
Wallingford. 

It is said that Doctor John Andrews and Doctor Parker associated 
together about the time Doctor Parker commenced practice, and they 
bought off Doctor Gaylord from practicing physic and the like of 
fevers, but allowed him to doctor sores, ulcers and such like cases and 
set broken bones. Doctor Gaylord died in about 1830. 

13. Doctor Brandiee. Commenced in 1828. Came from Cheshire. 
He owned and occupied the place where Mrs. Blunt now resides, on 
Main street, and for which he gave in exchange 1,000 boxes of Brand- 
iee's salve. 

14. Friend Cook. Commenced about 1835. Native of Walling- 
ford. 

15. Doctor B. F. Harrison.- Bought out Doctor F. Cook in about 
1836. Native of North ford. 

16. Doctor William Atwater. Bought out Doctor B. F. Harrison in 
about 1846. Native of Wallingford; and sold back to Doctor Harrison 
in 1848 or 9. Doctor Harrison died in 1886. 

17. Doctor N. Banks.* Commenced here in about 1852. Practiced 
in Cheshire before. 

18. Doctor V. Baldwin. Commenced here in about 1860. Practiced 
in Meriden before. 

19. Doctor Henry Davis. Commenced here in about 1870. Prac- 
ticed in Derby and elsewhere. 

20. Doctor J. D. McGaughey.-- Commenced here in about 1872. 
Came from Tennessee. 

21. Doctor W. S. Russell.-- Commenced in 1882. 

22. Doctor E. S. Vail. Commenced here in 1886. 

23. Doctor D. J. Curtin* has been located here since December, 1887, 
succeeding a Doctor Bailey, who had been here a short time that year. 
In the same period Doctor J. D. Brundage was here, but removed to 
East Haddam. 

24. Doctor George Andrews is a native of the town, and after 
practicing elsewhere located here recently. 

In addition to the foregoing. Doctor Davis in his history says that 
*See biographical sketches in the following chapter. 



374 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

previous to 1S()(» there had been in the town: Doctors Isaac Lewis, 
Isaac Bull, Isaac Hall, Gad Pond, Ebenezer Bardsley, William B. Hall,, 
Bilious Kirtland, James Porter and John Dickinson. He names as a 
contemporary of Doctor Aaron Andrews the celebrated Doctor Jared 
Potter, the author of Potter's powder, in its day a popular remedy- 
He was the surgeon of the First Connecticut Regiment in IT?.'), and 
died in this town. 

Doctor Jared P. Kirtland was in Wallingford from 1814 to 1817, 
and a number of others for brief periods followed their professions in 
the town. 

In 188!) the attorneys of Wallingford were: Seymour D. Hall, 
Henry F. Hall, Charles A.Harrison, Leverett M. Hubbard,* George 
M. Wallace, O. H. D. Fowler, Andrew J. Brown and Frederick J. 
Holmes. These have here been engaged in the legal profession from 
two to twenty years. Previous attorneys were: Eli I. Ives, many 
years; J. R. Merriam, A. B. Chapin, James J. Redmond, B. J. Smith, 
L. C. Hinman and others several generations ago. 

Doctor Lyman Hall, a signer of the declaration of independence, 
was a native of this town. He graduated from Yale in 1747, and after 
studying medicine and theology moved to Georgia, from which colony 
he was sent as a delegate to the continental congress. Later he wa.s 
elected governor of Georgia. He died in 1791, aged G6 years. 

Compass Lodge, No. 9, F. & A. M., was the first secret order estab- 
lished in Wallingford. The introduction of Masonry into Walling- 
ford antedated the revolution. Compass Lodge was instituted under 
a charter granted May 1st, 1769, which was signed by John Rowe, 
provincial grand master at Boston. This charter was surrendered to 
the Grand Lodge of the state, which issued in its stead a new charter, 
which bears date August 17th, 1796, and under the authority of which 
the meetings of the Lodge have since been held. It is much to be 
regretted that the records of the early meetings are not available, as 
they might afford an interesting history of a period when most of the 
leading men of the town were connected with the order. From tra- 
ditionar}' accounts it appears that the Lodge at Wallingford had a 
flourishing existence until the height of the anti-Masonic feeling, 
occasioned by the disappearance of Morgan, when, in 1833, its meet- 
ings were discontinued, and the charter was returned to the Grand 
Lodge. After the lapse of eighteen years a legal number of the for- 
mer members made apjDlication for its restoration, which was done in 
July, 1851, and since that time the Lodge has been in active existence. 
The petitioners for this charter were: Elisha M. Pomeroy, Lyman 
Cannon, Medad C. Mt:nson, Medad W. Munson, George B. Kirtland, 
Horace Hall, 2d, John M. Andrews, Randall Cooke, Lyman Parker 
and Aimer Hall. Alfred Parker, Philo Hall and Harmon Morse were 
added as old members. .Soon after the Lodge had resumed it had the 
*See biogTiiphical skclch in the following chapter. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 375 

following additions: Lucius Pomeroy, E. M. Pomeroy, Jr., Henry 
Martin, Aimer I. Hall and Selden J.Steele. In 185'2 the membership 
was increased by the admission of twelve candidates. In 1856 23 per- 
sons joined, and in every subsequent year additions were made until 
there was a large aggregate membership. In 1889 the number belong- 
ing was more than one hundred, who met in a plea.santly furnished 
room in the town hall. Former Lodge rooms were in the chambers 
of some of the public houses. 

Since 1795 the following have been the masters of the Lodge and 
the years when they were first elected to that office, a number serving 
more than one term or at different periods: Terhand Kirtland, 179;"); 
Samuel Woodruff, 1796; Jes.se Atwater, 1798; John Knott, 1801; Amos 
Button, 1804; Augustus Cook, 1808; Chauncey Cook, 1810; Solomon 
Hall, 1813; John Barker. 1820; Lyman Cannon, 1822; Lyman Parker, 
1823; Constant Kirtland, 1826; Frederick Lewis, 1827; John Barker, 
1828; Elisha M. Pomeroy, 1830-3; Elisha M. Pomeroy, 1851; Henry 
Martin, 1852; George D. Lane, 1853; Aimer I. Hall, 1856; J. B. Pom- 
eroy, 1861; Benjamin Church, 1862; Gustavus Phelps, 1866; Roswell 
Morse, 1867; William Gerety, 1870; J. H. Osborne, 1872; William Plodge- 
kinson, 1875; D. C. Dudley, 1876; Joel R. Boice, 1878; William M. 
Whittaker, 1879; J.W. Smith, 1881; W. N. Mix, 1882; William Hodge- 
kinson, 18S4; W. B. Hall, 1885; W. H. Newton, 1887; J.W. Smith, 1888; 
W. B. Hall, 1890. Associated with the latter were also J. W. vSmith, 
S. W.; W. M. Whittaker, J. W.; R. Talbot, treasurer; O. E. Powers, 
secretary; F. J. Heavens, S. D.; C. H. Barnes, J. D. 

Accanant Lodge No. 71, I. O. O. F., was organized August 14th, 
1850, and the following were some of the early members participating 
in its affairs: John Munson, vSamuel Simpson, Henry Martin, Asahel 
Andrews, Samuel P. Parmalee, George Hull, Jeremiah Hall, Stephen 
Northrop, Edgar Atwater, Doctor William Atwater, Samuel Dutton, 
Lorenzo Lewis, Israel Harrison and William Elton. For a few years 
the Lodge was prosperous, but owing to various causes its charter was 
surrendered to the Grand Lodge, February 20th, 1856. From that time 
on, for 19 years, the order had no public representation in the village, 
although a number of members remained. Through the efforts of a 
few of these the Lodge was reinstated May 12th, 1875, with George W. 
Elton, N. G.; L. M. Phelps, V. G.; George H. Yale, secretary; Lyman 
D. Allen, treasurer. 

It now entered upon a career of prosperity, which, in the main, has 
continued to the present. In the fall of 1889 the Lodge property was 
worth about §1,500, and there were more than a hundred members, 
whose interests were looked after by the following principal officials: 
Trustees, L. M. Phelps, George E. Dickerman and Fraray Hale; noble 
grand, J. W. Douglass; vice grand, L. A. Young; R. S., Charles A. 
Barker; P. S., Fraray Hale; treasurer, F. W. Phelps. Interesting meet- 
ings are held in a well-appointed Lodge room. 



37G HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Putnam Council, No. 10. Order of American Mechanics, owes its 
existence, at Wallingford, to the efforts of Michael wSimons and D. L. 
Barber, who were instrumental in organizing the above Council, De- 
cember 2d, 1885. The first meetings were held in T. A. B. & L. Hall, 
but a later place of meeting was secured in the hall of the Grand 
Army, which is its present home. The Council has been fortunate in 
the accession of membership and the accumulation of propertv, hav- 
ing had 120 persons belonging, with not a death since organization, 
and having, in 1889, an accumulated fund of §1,01)0 cash and other 
effects worth $500. These interests were in the care of trustees JM. 
Simons, H. D. Kendrick and D. C. Porter. Other officers at this per- 
iod were: C, J. H. Arthur; V. C, E. C. Hastings; R. S., D. L. Barber; 
F. S., S. D. Johnson; treasurer, C. F. Harwood. 

Ivy Lodge, No. 4:5. Knights of Pythias, was instituted February 
4th, 1887. with 20 charter members. De Witt C. Porter was elected 
the first chancellor commander; Henry D. Kendrick, vice-chancellor: 
William H. Talcott, prelate; and Albert Goodrich, past chancellor. 
Since its organization the Lodge has had a steady growth and has at- 
tained a fine standing in the community. In the fall of 1889 there 
were 60 members, who met statedly in handsomely furnished rooms, 
in the Wallace Block. There was, also, a large fund in the treasury. 
Besides elaborating the usual work of the order, the Lodge has, in the 
past year, conferred the amplified degree, which is the highest in the 
order, and one of the finest degrees in any civic society. At the close 
of 1880 the principal offices were filled by Hubert R. Chamberlain, 
W^illiam J. Arthur, Charles A. Smith, Charles S. Allen, Henry C. 
Elton, E. M. Hall, C. O. Norton and William H. Talcott. 

Arthur H. Button Post, No. 30, G. A. R., was organized in 1869 
The st)ldiers of the war for the Union were quick to realize the benefit 
which must accrue from a well conducted order devoted to their in- 
terests, and in the year mentioned ten of them united in organizing 
the above Post. John R. Atwaterwas selected as their commander. 
Unfortunately, a waning interest caused the Post to disband in the 
course of a few years, and for ten years the comrades were obliged to 
connect themselves with Posts in other localities. On the 23d of No- 
vember, 1883, however, the Post was revived with 31 members and 
this corps of officers: C, William N. Mix; V. C, C. A. Harrison. .Sr.; 
S., Thomas Pickford; chaplain, Charles H. Barnes; Q. M., William Al. 
Whittaker; Adjt., Patrick McKenna; S. M., Charles A. Harwood; O.M.vS., 
J. B. Mix. Before the end of six months the membership was more 
than doubled, and at the close of 1889 more than 100 names were on 
the rolls of the Post. Besides handsomely furnishing a hall, a relief 
fund of nearly §1 ,ooo had been accumulated. The commanders of the 
Post since its reorganization have been: 1883-."), William N. Alix; 1886, 
C. A. Harrison; 1887, Ira P.. Smith; 1888, William J. Morse; 1889, Lewis 
A. Northrop. In IS'.to the commander was Jacob Joab and the adju- 
tant II. C. Nettleton. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 377 

The Arcanum Club was organized January 8th, 1881. by Christo 
pher ]\Iorgan and about a dozen others, for social purposes, and a room 
for use was secured on the third floor of the Wallace Block. The 
success of the project caused the members to apply for corporate 
rights, which were obtained ^March 19th, 1884. In February, 1887. the 
club held its first public assembly and concert in the armory, in Wal- 
lace Hall, which gave it a favorable introduction to the community, 
and a largely increased membership. Spacious and handsome quar- 
ters in the new Simpson Block were now secured, which have been 
fitted up for the convenience and comfort of the club, which has be- 
come a large and pro.sperous social body. December 6th, 1889, the 
second public assembly was held in the Simpson Opera House, and was 
a pronounced success. 

Among the temperance organizations maintained in the town which 
have left their impress upon the community have been a strong Divi- 
sion of Sons of Temperance, prior to 1855: Phoenix Lodge, No. 28, of 
Good Templars, from 1867 for twelve years, had a large membership; 
a Temple of Honor, several years; and Perseverance Division, No. 12, 
Sons of Temperance, organized in 1883, whose meetings are still main- 
tained. 

The Union Agricultural vSociety of Wallingford was incorporated 
July 23d, 1872. Henry L. Hall was the first president of the society, 
which had already held a meeting in 1871, which was attended with 
so much success that steps were taken to place the organization upon 
a permanent basis. William D. Hall sitcceeded as president, and 
Joseph W. Allen became the secretary, both continuing until the 
society disbanded, a few years later. For several seasons successful 
fairs were held at Morse's Park, on Cherry street, but adverse circum- 
stances produced a diminished interest in the later exhibitions, which 
made it advisable for the society to suspend its meetings, and the 
organization was given up. 

Wallingford Grange, No. 33, P. of H., was instituted May 28th, 
1885, at the house of M. E. Cook, who was the first master. D.W. Ives 
served as secretary. Thirty-three persons constituted the original 
membership, which was quickly increased, and in November, 1889, 91 
members belonged, in active connection. The meetings were held in 
Grand Army Hall, and were occasions of unabated interesst and 
instruction in rural aft'airs and the economic arts. A purchasing 
agency, in charge of F. M. Bartholomew, has been succe.ssfully main- 
tained by the Grange since 1887. Since the organization of the Grange 
the principal officers have been the following: Masters, M. E. Cook, G. 
W. Cook and G. A. Hopson; secretaries, D.W. Ives, G. A. Hopson and 
F. M. Bartholomew: lecturers, Z. P. Beach and H. W. Andrews. The 
Grange has made several fine exhibits at the state fair at Meriden, and 
was awarded the first prize for the displays made. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE TOWN OF WALLINGFORD (Concluded). 



Eilucittional Matters. — Estiiblishmcnt of Religions Worsliip. — First Congregational 
Church.— The Wallingford Controversy.— The Wells Society.— The Wallin^ford 
Baptist Church.— St. Paul's (Protestant Episcopal) Clinrch. — The First Metlotlist 
Class. — Yalesville M. E. Church. — The Adventist Church. — Yalesville Baptist 
Church. — St. John's (Protestant Episcopal) Church, Yalesville — Second Advent 
Church of Wallingfonl — Holy Trinity (Roman Catholic) Parish. — The Wallingford 
Community. — Cemeteries. — Biographical Sketches. 



A.S .soon as the town was fully organized, about 1G7S, the matter of 
maintaining a school was a subject for town legislation, and the 
.selectmen were authorized to approve a schoolmaster at a salary 
of " ten pounds a yeare and three pence a weeke for all schoUers 
males or female.s froin six to sixteene years ould, so long as they 
goe toschoole." But it is probable that some arrangement for schools 
had been made as soon as the church was founded, in 1672, for 
usually these two institutions went hand in hand. In 1680 Elijah 
Preston taught a six months' school. Fifteen years later Eleazer 
Peck, John Parker and John Moss were chosen a school committee, 
and the town authorized them to hire a woman in summer and a 
man in winter. An effort to build a school house, made this year, 
was not realized until 17i)2. The building was small, not exceeding 
20 feet square. In 1711 Henry Bates was the schoolmaster and Captain 
Merriman, .Samuel Munson, Sr., and John Ives the school committee. 
A general school tax was laid upon all children between the ages of 
6 and 16 years living within a mile and a half of the school house. 

In 1715 the old town was divided into two districts, one on the east 
side of the river, the other on the west. Four years later a third 
school was started in the Andrews neighborhood. Henry Bates was 
the village schoolmaster a dozen or more years. In 1725 a new school 
house, 2(t by 25 feet, was built. Schools were now held several months 
per year, on the farms, in various parts of the town, and separate dis- 
tricts were formed as the necessities of the different sections de- 
manded, until the system was thoroughh' established. The shifting 
population made the change of location of many school houses neces- 
sary, and a few have been abandoned in consequence of the consoli- 
dation of districts. The Yalesville school house was originally on 
the east side of the river, the location being changed about 1800, when 
the district was enlarofcd. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 379= 

To secure schools of a better grade, Districts Nos. 5 and 6 were 
dissolved and united, December Oth, 1805, as the Central school dis- 
trict, whose first officers were B. F. Harrison, vS. B. Parmalee, John- C. 
Roach, committee; and John Atwater, clerk. The schools continued 
to be held in the old vSouth Main street building of the 6th district; 
in the old Elm street house, where Senator Joseph R. Hawley attended 
while residing, as a lad, with his father, at that time the Baptist min- 
ister at Wallingford; and a new school was opened in the basement of 
the old Catholic church. But the question of building a centrally lo- 
cated school house was soon agitated, and October 26th, 1867, Samuel 
Peck, Samuel Simpson, E. H. Ives, Augustus Hall and John C. Roach 
were appointed a committee to select a site. Failing to promptly make 
a .selection, the matter was settled when, on June 11th, 1868, Moses Y. 
Beach donated a plot of four acres of land, beautifully located, on 
which he had purposed to erect, at his own expense, a high school,, 
but had been prevented by the civil war and his ill health to carry out 
his intentions. 

Meantime the demand for school room on the "Plains" had be- 
come so great that in 1868 the brick school house was erected, at a cost 
of $7,500; and October 20th, 1868, it was voted to build the Cottage 
school house, on Ouinnipiac .street, on the " Plains." 

On the 2.1th of October, 1868, it was voted to erect a school edifice 
on the Beach lot, at a cost of $25,000, and a building committee com- 
posed of Samuel Simpson, James B. Campbell, R. H. Cowles, Doctor 
B. F. Harrison, A. I. Hall, James M. Leavenworth and R. R. Bri.stol, 
was appointed to take charge of the work. This was postponed for a 
year, but September 4th, 1869, it was ordered to proceed to build. 
Subsequently bonds to the amount of §30,000 were issued, and on the 
17th of April, 1871, the building was reported completed, at a cost of 
$31,896.73. A portion of it was occupied for school purposes, January 
1st, 1871. As originally put up the house was 70 by 80 feet, ba.sement 
half out of the ground, two stories clear and a mansard .story, produc- 
ing a structure having a high and attractive appearance. August 
9th, 1878, the entire upper part of the building was destroyed by the 
great tornado, and when the repairs were made the upper story was 
modified and the general shape changed. This was done at a cost of 
$8,500. Subsequent improvements have made this one of the most 
complete buildings of the kind in towns of this size. 

In 1884 the district erected the Simpson school house, in the ea.st- 
ern part of the borough, vSamuel Simpson donating the lot on which 
the house stands. In 1887-8, the new and complete Colony street 
school building was erected, at a cost of $31,455.69, the committee hav- 
ing charge of the work being H. B. Todd, Reverend Hugh Mallon, 
Henry L. Hall, Michael O'Callaghan and Patrick Concannon. In 1889 
the district owned school property, in the fonn of real estate, to the 
amount of nearly $60,000, and had a net indebtedness of $51,324. 14._ 



380 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

There was a good supply of apparatus and modern fixtures, and 
schools were kept in 17 rooms. The teachers were paid salaries to 
the amount of nearly $1().U0<», and other expenditures increased the 
outla)^ for the support of schools to about $14,000 per year. 

The first efforts to grade the schools of the district were made in 
1S71, but in 18tS7 a more complete grade was established, and June 
14th, 1888, a revised course of study was adopted, requiring about ten 
years to complete, and mcluding cla.ssical studies in the high .school. 
In 1889 more than 900 pupils were registered m all the .schools of the 
district. Joseph A. Kellogg was the first principal in the high 
school building, and since 1886 the principal has been F.J. Heavens. 

On the school committee of the district Doctor B. F Harrison and 
C. H. Brown served many years, and Joseph W. Allen has been the 
clerk since 1868. Henry L. Hall has for many years been the acting 
.school visitor, and to his interest in educational matters is due, in a 
large measure, the proficiency of the .schools of Central district. 

X.Tnion Academy was incorporated at Wallingford May 12th, 1812, 
on the petition of Samuel Cook and others. The stock of the corpora- 
tion consisted of 250 shares at §.5 each, and in view of the fact that 
Porter Cook had donated the land on which the academy stood, he 
was given stock for the value of the same — $187.50. Joshua Bradley 
occupied the building as the first principal. He was an earnest, ener- 
getic teacher, and succeeded m gathering together a number of 
pupils, whom he carefully instructed several years, having usually a 
lady assistant. Elder Wright and Thomas Ruggles were also male 
teachers, the latter teaching in 1817. The pupils in 1818 numbered 
45. In the course of time the academy building was converted into a 
residence, and as such was occupied many years. 

In more recent years an academy was maintained on Centre street, 
in the .so-called Masonic Hall, where A. B. Chapin, a Mr. Keeler and 
others were the teachers. For short periods other select schools were 
taught in the borough, but since the grading of the public schools but 
little support has been given to such enterprises. 

The public school building at Yalesville is a fine two-.story frame 
edifice, with vestibule extension, and was erected in 1874 at a cost of 
$9,000. The lot on which it stands embraces three acres, nicely plotted 
and planted with Norway spruce trees. Three spacious rooms accom- 
modate the 150 pupils registered for attendance. In 1889 Henry 
Schwab was the school visitor of the district and Charles E. Yale the 
treasurer. The old Yalesville school house, northea.st from this .site, 
has been converted into a residence, near the place where it originally 
stood. The .schools of Yalesville have a well-merited reputation for 
their excellence. 

The early settlers of Wallingford were actuated by the same spirit 
as that which had moved the founders of other towns in that period, 
and endeavored, while their own humble homes were yet building, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 381 

to secure for themselves religious worship. Hence, at the second 
town meeting, held April 21st, 1671, they voted to lay a rate of 30 
.shillings on the owner of every twelve acre lot, and 20 .shillings on 
those owning eight acre lots, to raise a fund for any fit person to be 
helpful in the ministry. For two years a Mr. Harriman preached on 
the Sabbath, performing this duty before a regular society was organ- 
ized or an ordained minister could be secured. The organization of 
a regular church was postponed several years, partly on account of the 
inability of the settlers to provide the requisite means and partly be- 
cause it was, like all the affairs of the town, made a matter for grave 
deliberation. But the meetings thus held were after the order of the 
Congregationalists, whose religious beliefs and forms had been legal- 
ized by the civil government as the established church. 

It is to be regretted that the people who had been forced to leave 
their native land on account of religious intolerance should, in their 
adopted country, through their zeal and love for their chosen religion, 
surround it with laws scarcely less tolerant than those which had op- 
pressed them. For nearly half a century there was scarcely any relig- 
ious liberty in the colony for those who dis.sented from the state 
church, when the rigor of the laws was somewhat abated by the Act of 
Toleration of 1708 and the further acts of 1727 and 1723. It was not, 
however, until many more years had elapsed that freedom of con- 
science and " soul liberty " were recognized rights, and all religions 
were accorded equal privileges and protection by the laws of the state. 
It should be borne in mind that in tho.se days there was not the uni- 
versal enlightenment which now prevails, and that class distinction 
had not been abolished. The masses of the colonists were controlled 
by superior minds, who had themselves been trained to believe that 
the church and the state were inseparable, and that the latter should 
establish, maintain and protect the former. Hence, the stringent laws 
of that period and the pre.scribed methods of conduct demanded by 
them. 

The First Congregational Church of Wallingford was organized in 
conformity with these laws and after the customs of those times. Its 
founders were law abiding, devout men, with respect for the usages 
of their time, and patterned closely after the parent society at New 
Haven. Accordingly, the preliminary .step was the appointment of a 
day of fasting and prayer for divine guidance in the .selection of the 
committee which should "lay the foundation." This was held Feb- 
ruary 3d, 1675. On the 15th of the same month the inhabitants met 
again to select the foundation members, who, in turn, were to admit 
b}' the ordinary processes of examination and profession. The record 
of the town in regard to this event is as follows: 

" At a lawful meeting of the inhabitants of the town of Walling- 
ford, and upon the 15th day of 2nd month, 1675, it was ordered and 
enacted by the town, that as there had been conference about estab- 



"382 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

lishing a church of Christ in the aforesaid town, and also a solemn 
fast set apart and celebrated by the town unanimously to seek God's 
guidance in so great a work, they have now also freely and unani- 
mously concluded, if it be the will of God, that there shall be a church 
of Christ gathered to walk according to the Congregational way, and 
have also all freely and unanimously left the management of the same 
in the hands of the persons whose names are underwritten, and that 
if it be the will of God to incline their hearts, so many of them as may 
be a competent number for that work, may in his time lay the found- 
ation. 

Thomas Yale, NEHE^UAH Royce, 

Eliasaph Pre.ston, John Hall, Sen'r., 

Mr. Moss, Lieut. Merriam, 

Mr. Sam'i. Street, Serg't Dooi.ittle, 

Nathan Andrews, John Hall, Jr., 

Mr. Brockett, John Bemti, 

Benj. Lewis." 
The court of election of the colony, held at Hartford. May 13th, 
1675, approved this purpose of the town, and granted leave to estab- 
lish the church, consequent upon the approbation of the neighboring 
chiTrches, which was not withheld. 

Having no hou.se of worship, the meetings were held at the dwell- 
ings of Lieutenant Nathaniel Merriam and Ensign Munson, the town 
paying for the use of the same at the rate of 40 shillings per year; 
and this custom was continued about ten years. But at the town 
meeting October 2d, 1G76, it was contemplated to build a meeting 
hou.se, 30 by 34 feet. A consideration of the project led them, after 
the lapse of two years, to decide November 27th, 1678, " to build a 
house to meete in on ye Saboth of 28 foot in Length and 24 foot 
breadth & ten foot in stud between ye groundsill and wall plate, to be 
comfortably and comleyly fitted >up with doers and windows and floors 
and other things nedeful in order to the end propounded." 

Owing to the scarcity of material and the lack of means it took 
several years to complete this building, a further rate being levied in 
1681 to that end. The house was built of logs, with a square roof 
running to a point at the center, where was a small turret. 

Doors on the ea,st and on the south afforded entrance and the 
windows were small, with shutters but without panes of glass. This 
meeting house stood on the hillside north of the present church and 
there is an account that when work on it was begun, the minister of a 
neighboring chui'ch was present and preached from the words of 
Lsaiah: " My beloved hath a vineyard in a very fruitful hill," which, 
in view of the beauty of the site and its surroundings, was certainly 
an appropriate selection. 

The interior of this house was very plain, there being neither 
pews nor slips, but long seats, the sexes occupying opposite sides of 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 383 

the house. At the door were seats for the soldiers, for there was yet 
apprehension of attack by the Indians and the precautions of those . 
times were observed. In February. 1689, the town agreed to build a 
fort round the meeting house, to provide still greater security against 
a possible incursion by the red men. 

In 1690 the town had 73 families and the meeting hou.se 
having become too small, an addition of 16 feet was made to its 
breadth. The following year the interior was changed, the pulpit 
being removed to the west end and a sounding top placed over it. 
Two pews were also ordered to be built and short seats were placed 
on the sides of the pulpit. 

In the course of seven years the town was again obliged to enlarge 
the meeting house and in February, 1698, it was voted to build an 
addition on the east side, 20 by 50 feet, giving the improved building 
the form of a capital T. Still greater accommodations being demanded, 
on the 30th of April, 1706, " The town chose Deken Hall, Samuel 
R )ys and Goodman Culvert a committee to procure workmen to come 
and build gallers for the Inlargement of the meeting house." 

Of this church Doctor Davis, in his " History of Wallingford," 
says: " In this little edifice — meaner and more rude in its construction 
than any building now in the valley — the fathers of the town held 
their solemn assemblies, offered up their united prayers, and put forth 
their stern views of doctrine. At the appointed hour, the drum hav- 
ing been beaten, both the first time and the second, the whole popula- 
tion, from the dwellings of the town and the outlying farms came , 
together in the place of praj'er. In plain and carefully kept clothes, 
the saintly heads of families with their closely trained and solemn 
faced children, came, after the toils of the week to observe holy day." 

The increase of population so much taxed the capacity of the meet- 
ing house that chairs and stools were brought and placed in the 
"alleys of the house" to accommodate the worshippers. This 
resulted in so much inconvenience that by vote of the town, in 1716, 
the constable was ordered to remove them. Most likely this uncere- 
monious ejectment aided to settle the already agitated question of 
building a new meeting house for, on the 23d of September, 1717, 
that matter was determined by a vote of the town, when it was decided 
to build, •' and the forms of the house to be like Gilford [Guilford] 
meeting house and to be left to ye committee to make some little altera- 
tion if they see cause; and layed a rate of eight pence on the pounde 
for the careing of the meeting house." 

The committee referred to and who were to have charge of the 
building were Captain John Hall, Ensign Curtis, Sergeant Hart, 
Gideon Ives, William Ward, Joseph Parker, Robert Hall and Samuel 
Hall. So the old meeting hou.se was taken down and the erection of 
the third hou.se of worship begun. A site for it was selected in front 
of the present meeting house, where the frame was raised in 1718. 



.184 HISTORY OV NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The building fronted east, the main entrance being on its side to the 
street and at the north end or gable of the hottse was the steeple. It 
was a large structure, three stories high, with two tiers of galleries. 
It was completed and occupied in 1720. 

In the prosecution of the work the inhabitants were called on for 
labor and means, but as money was scarce progress was somewhat 
slow. Nails and glass were secured by the exchange of barrel staves. 
In 1719 Captain Hall was authorized to exchange a vessel load of 
staves to secure the above articles, and that year a contract was made 
with John Ru.ssell, a glazier of Wethersfield, "to make all the glass 
for the new meeting house." Unlike the old hou.se, in the new one 
more attention was paid to the interior arrangement. A whole range 
of pews was built around the sides of the new house, and several of 
the inhabitants were permitted to build pews of their own. which 
should befit their position. Captain John Hall was thus given liberty 
to have a pew near the last door. The assignment of the pews was 
placed in the care of a committee, to " dignify and seat the meeting 
house." This committee was instructed to respect the aged, " who 
had been serviceable to the town," and "to have respect for those who 
had borne commissions." After these classes had received attention, 
the remainder of the congregation were seated according to their 
.social position, proper preference being given to the family of the min- 
ister. In the galleries were u.sually the seats of the young people, 
boys under 18 years of age being excluded from the upper one, on 
account of the too great opportunity there afforded to indulge in friv- 
olous conduct. In the lower one boys were permitted under the watch 
.of some person appointed by the town for that purpose, and who was 
invested with constabulary powers. 

It appears that in bitildingthe new meeting house some of the in- 
habitants favored a steeple, while others were opposed to such an in- 
novation. But in 1718 it was voted to build one, which, however, was 
not done until 1728. The top of the belfry was crowned by a large 
bra.ss rooster. The three story meeting house was u.sed more than a 
hundred years, and within its walls some of the most stirring events of 
the church and the town took place. It was taken down in 1824 and 
the fourth meeting hou.se of the church erected in its .stead, in the 
pastorate of Mr. Noyes. It stood farther back on the lot and was what 
was termed a two-story building, having but one gallery. In the rear 
of the lower part was a basement. The entrance was from the east 
through a piazza, whose roof was supported by large pillars. The 
.spire surmounted the front of the roof, a part of the weight resting 
on the piazza pillars. It was crowned with -a ball and a weather vane. 

The pre.sent edifice occupied by the society is the iiflh meeting 
house erected by the First Congregational church. It is a large and 
imposing building, with a seating capacity of more than 700 persons, 
and cost about $40,000. The corner stone was laid June 10th, 1808, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. ' 385 

and it was dedicated May 2lPt 1S69. Since that time it has been 
freely repaired and supplied with various features to make it attrac- 
tive and comfortable. 

The first minister of the settlers of Wallingford, Reverend John 
Harriman, preached two years, when began the first regular pastorate 
by the Reverend Samuel Street. He was a son of Nicholas Street of 
New Haven, the colleague of Davenport, and was 40 years old when 
he came to Wallingford, in April, 1673. He was carefully educated 
and had graduated from Harvard in 1664. , His installation at Wal- 
lingford did not take place until 1674, but from the time of his call in 
1072 he was practically the settled pastor. Before his coming the town 
had provided him a house and voted him a salar}^ of £50 per year. In 
the later years of his pastorate allotments of land were made for "his 
encouragement." both by the general court and the town. The for- 
mer, at its session in Hartford in May, 1681, granted him 200 acres, 
which he sold in 1686 to John Hulls of Derby. The year previous the 
town had granted him twelve well located acres, and at various times 
granted lands, until his holdings amounted to 120 acres. Aside from 
this the pastor's salary was increased, what seems a generous allow- 
ance being made. April 28th, 1696, "The Town voted to allow Mr 
Saml Street as A recompense for his labours in ye worke of ye min- 
istry in ye year 1696 ye full and just sum of one hundred pounds in 
provision pay, only ye sA Mr Street is to find himself firewood & he 
will set a week in ye fore part of ye sumer & a week in ye latter part 
of ye sumer yteach man may bring a load of wood or two if ye sd Mr 
Street see Cause & yt Mr Street will allow 2 & 6d P load to each 
man." 

Besides being pastor of the church 42 years, Mr. Street took an 
active interest in the affairs of the town and was much respected by 
all its inhabitants. He died January 16th, 1717, aged 82 years. 

Before the decease of Mr Street a colleague had been provided, 
the town taking action in this matter as early as July, 1708. A com- 
mittee was appointed which invited 'Mr.- Samuel Whittlesey to preach 
and, September 20th. 1708, the town confirmed the agreement which 
this committee had made, being satisfied with his preaching. A 
longer trial induced the town to extend him a pastoral call, the terms 
of which are contained in the following letter. This is here produced 
to show the zeal which animated this community and also indicates 
their poverty in worldly riches. Although disposed to pay well for 
ministerial service they had to resort to make shifts in order to raise 
the salary: 

" Mr Whittlesey, Sur: — The subscribers hereof being a committee 
appointed and empowered by the town of Wallingford as may appear 
by their record, bearing date April 4, 1709, to treat with yourself in 
order to a .settlement with us in the mini.stry, and for your 
incouragement to comply with us therein, doe propose to make 
24 



386 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

such grants of lands and other incouragements following — first 
we doe give and grant to you, the said Mr. Samuel Whit- 
telsey, a six acar lott of land lying neare the meeting house; 
and one acar and a half of the west end of Deaken John Hall's 
home lott for a building lott, to be bought for you: also a peace of 
land at southward side the Leatel quarter, on the hill, on which the 
town stands, fifteen acars; and seaven acars of pasture land on the 
north side of Nath'l Ives home lott: also a meadow lott of land in 
the common field on the west side of the river of twenty acars and 
known by the name of the parsonage; and fore acars of plaine in the 
same field called the town lott, al.so a farm of hundred and fifty acars 
of land att Pilgrim's Harbor, called the town farm, with all the unlaid 
outt land adjoining, and one hundred pound right in commonage and 
in all undivided land, all which shall be the .said Mr. Sam'l Whittelsey, 
his heirs, executors and administrators and assigns for ever, as an 
estate of inheritance in fee simple. Likewise the said committee doe 
agree to build a house for the s'd iMr. Sam'll Whittelsey of forty-two 
feet in length and twenty feet in breadth, tow stories hye, with a 
porch and back kitching and fini.shed deasantly, the said Mr. Samuel 
Whittelsey to provide glass and nales; which house is to be soe built 
within tow years; the s'd committee doth farther agree that the said 
Mr. Whittelsey shall have a sailer}' of seaventy pound a year for the 
tow first years and the thurd yeare eighty pound and one hundred 
pound a yeare ever after soe long as he carrieth on the work of the 
ministry; which sallery shall be paid in wheat at five shillings par 
bushel, rye at three shillings sixpence par bushel, pork at three pence 
farding per pound, and if it soe fall out that there doth not come a 
supply of fire wood yearly to the s'd Mr. Whittelsey by parsons 
appearing to do it gratis, then the town are obliged to take the care 
and find him his wood in some other wa}' — but if the providence of 
God should so order that the said Mr. Sam'll Whittelsey dye leaving 
no male Hare that is a natural issue of his bodye, then the six acar 
lott by the meeting house and the meadow lott called the parsonage 
to returne to the town againe to the true and honest intent and par- 
formans of the preameses we the before named committee have sett 
our names 

TiiiiMAs Yai.e, John Hai.l, Sk., 

vSa.muei, Hait., John Meaki.man, 

Thomas Curtis, " John Hall, 

John Parker." 
Mr. Whittlesey accepted the call on the conditions named, and was 
installed in May, 1710, as the colleague of Mr. Street, becoming the 
sole pastor upon the decease of the latter, seven years later. He was 
a son of John Whittlesey, the first emigrant of that name in this coun- 
try, and was born at Saybrook, Conn., in 1680. Becoming a student 
of Yale, he graduated in 170'). Seven years later he married Sarah 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 387 

Chauncey, a granddaughter of President Chauncey, of Harvard Col- 
leo-e, who was a woman of strong force and character. Mr. Whittlesey 
died in the service of the church, April 2r)th, 1752, while yet in the 
vigor of manhood. 

He was an unusually talented man, and was one of the most emi- 
nent preachers in the colony in his day. " He applied his whole time 
to his work, and shone with distinction in intellectual and moral at- 
tainments. For twenty years he was a fellow in Yale College, in 
which institution his son, Samuel, was a tutor for six years, from 17:^2, 
when he became the associate pastor of the Milford church. The 
other members of his family reflected the attainments of their father, 
and the descendants of this worthy minister have remained useful 
citizens in the state, which delights to honor his revered name." 

We come now to the consideration of a most critical period in the 
history of the church. After the death of Mr. Whittlesey it soon be- 
came apparent that it would be difficult to secure a new pastor in 
whom would be combined the qualities of the old one, and who could 
control a membership which had already become restless, even under 
the judicious management of Mr. Whittlesey. The people were so 
divided in their opinions and feelings that although about twenty 
candidates had been heard, nearly six years elapsed before a successor 
was called. In 1757 matters had so far progressed that a ballot on the 
candidates was held, 100 votes being cast. Of this number Mr. Chaun- 
cey Whittlesey, a .son of the old pastor, received 48, the remainder of 
the votes being divided among four other candidates. The friends of 
Mr. Whittlesey were staunch in their adherence to him, and the others 
being equally unyielding, no choice was made, and the breach con- 
tinued to widen. In this strait the society, in March, 1758, referred 
the matter of selection to a committee of seven of the leading men 
of the town, whose judgment was greatly respected. After confer- 
ence this committee submitted the question to neighboring ministers 
— the Reverends Samuel Whittlesey, Samuel Hall, Isaac Stiles and 
Theophilus Hall — who advised the committee, April 26th, 1758, " to 
send to Mr. Holyoke, President of Cambridge College, Mr. Appleton, 
minister of Cambridge, and Doctor Chauncey, of Boston, for their Di- 
rection to some suitable candidate for the ministry in said Walling- 
ford." This was done by the committee, and Doctor Chauncey being 
absent the two first named recommended Mr. James Dana, of Cam- 
bridge, a graduate of Harvard in 1753, as a most suitable person to 
supply the wants of the church. 

Mr. Dana was at that time 23 years old and was undoubtedly a 
young man of marked attainments and rich promise. He was invited 
to visit Wallingford, with a view of becoming a candidate for settle- 
ment and, coming, preached several Sabbaths to the apparent satis- 
faction of all concerned. Samuel Hall, Elihu Hall, Ensign Theophilus 
Doolittle, Charles Whittlesey, John Hall, John Peck, Deacon John 



388 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

Hall, Caleb Merriman, Lieutenant Joseph Royce, Lieutenant Caleb 
Johnson, Captain Nathaniel Beadel. Captain Peter Hall, Captain 
Ehakim Hall, John Moss and Abraham Stanley were appointed a 
committee to secure him as a pastor and to arrano-e the terms of his 
acceptance. ( )n the 2d of September, 17o8, Mr. Dana acrreed to become 
the pastor and it was decided that he should have ^200 settlement: 
.^80 salary, the first year, £90 the second year, and i,'l()() per year 
thereafter as long as he continued in the ministry of the society.' 

Unfortunately, at this juncture, a question arose as to the sound- 
ness of Mr. Dana upon some theological points and upon his being 
questioned in relation to the same, he answered them in such a manner 
as to lead some of the aforesaid committee to think that he was not 
sufficiently orthodox to become their minister. Hence, when the 
society voted to give him a settlement and salary, while 140 voted m 
his favor, .so much opposition had already arisen that 62 votes were 
cast against him. Mr. Dana accepted the pastoral office, as he was 
clearly the choice of the majority, but the opposition not only did not 
cease but now assumed larger and more determined proportions. 
Explicit charges were made against him, to the Consociation of New 
Haven county, which were signed September 25th, 1758, by Caleb 
Merriman, Caleb Johnson, Daniel Clark, Street Hall and Levi Moss. 
The consideration of these charges and the questions which arose 
from their discussion, involving, as they did, many of the controverted 
points at issue between the "Old Lights" and the "New Lights," 
culminated, finally, in what became widely known as " The Walling- 
ford Controversy." Of this it has been said " that it more than all 
others became a matter of public concern and opened a distinct era 
m New England theology and in history of the • liberties of the 
churches.' Mr. Dana was set apart to the ministry by an • Old Light ' 
council, in the face of protest of a respectable minority and against 
the solemn edict of the Consociation of New Haven county, which had 
met at Wallingford to forbid the ordination of a candid'ate charged 
with doctrinal unsoundness, even with Socinian or Arminian proclivi- 
ties.^ The bold procedure of ordaining in spite of the prohibition was 
a triumph of the principle for which the 'New Lights' had long 
contended: and the pens of the time were alive in its censure or its 
defense. It was a triumph also over the power of the 'ecclesiastical 
constitution of the dissenters,' and Noah Hobart, aided by President 
Clap and other leading divines of the colony proved to be a champion 
no more successful here, for the Saybrook Platform, than he had been 
in his addresses to the members of the Episcopal separation in New 
England. Those on the other side found support for their action in 
the popular voice as well a.s in the voice of a body of ministers trained 
under the influence of Whitefield's teachings."- 

The council called to ordain Mr. Dana and the Consociation meet- 

* Doctor BL-ardsley and Dr. Davis. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 389 

ing to examine the charges against him both assembled at Walling- 
ford October 10th, 1758, and after several days ineffectual attempts to 
adjust matters, the Consociation forbidding, the ordaining council 
determined to go on, being satisfied with the Christian character of 
Mr. Dana and that his views did not unfit him for the ministry. Mr. 
Dana was ordained October 12th. 17.58. Before the ordination the 
Consociation certified to the council that i)t> members of the society 
were opposed to Mr. Dana and that they possessed half the rate- 
able estate. Some of those opposed were the largest tax payers and 
were men of high standing in the town. Naturally, to them the 
selection of Mr. Dana was very aggravating, especially since he re- 
fused to be interrogated in regard to his doctrinal belief, by some 
of these men, who probably demanded that right on account of their 
social position. Hence they were interested in keeping alive the 
opposition to Mr. Dana and through the Consociation had the sentence 
of non-communion passed against some of the principal adherents of 
Mr. Dana, as well as against the pastor himself. Later, in March, 
17.59, they moved to have the council which had ordained Mr. Dana, 
and which was composed of the Reverend Joseph Noyes, Isaac 
Stiles, Theophilus Hall. Samuel Whittlesey, Jonathan Todd and 
Chauncey Whittlesey, elders; and Robert Treat, Nathaniel Ruggles, 
Thomas Darling and Ezekiel Royce, messengers, cut off from 
mmisteral intercourse with the other ministers in the county. This 
being done the disfellowshipped ministers formed a new association 
which was continued about twelve years, when the excitement hav- 
ing subsided the old Consociation made overtures which resulted in 
uniting them into one body. 

After the disfellowship of Mr. Dana, he and his adherents remained 
in po.ssession of the meeting house, the dissentients absenting them- 
selves from the worship. But, on the advice of the Consociation, they 
applied for the use of the meeting house when not occupied by Mr. 
Dana, and that body would supply preaching. Under this arrange- 
ment, Benjamin Woodbridge preached several times, but on being 
adjudged a disorderly person,* August 14th, 1759, on proper complaint 
made, the meetings were there discontinued. The dissentients did 
not, however, acquiesce in the payment of their taxes, imposed for the 
support of the ecclesiastical society, without an effort for relief. In 
May, 1760, 96 persons petitioned the general assembly, pleading that 
the action of the Consociation, April 23d, 1760, in disfellowing the 
entire church, on account of adherence to unorthodox doctrine, war- 
ranted them in the claim that they (adherents of the Consociation) 
were rightfully the society, and .should have possession of the meeting 
hou.se and its immunities. To this petition Charles Whittlesey, agent 
for the society, made reply, stating that the dissentients were the 

* That is, preaching without consent of the regular minister, in violation of a 
colony law of that period. 



390 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

minor party who had participated in the call of Mr. Dana, and after- 
ward endeavored to interpose an irregular Consocional council, rai.sing- 
a most violent opposition, etc., " and although they were released from 
rates for the support of Mr. Dana and allowed to worship by them- 
selves, as provided by assembly, yet they persisted and petitioned the 
General Assembly," hence that body was asked to subject the minor 
party to taxes or restrain them from interference. 

However, the dissentient party persisted in its claim for an inter- 
est in or division of property of the First Society, and for a term of 
years the general assembly was flooded with petitions and counter 
prayers until the matter became a grievous burden to that body. 

Early in I7(J2, the opposition to Mr. Dana, or the "constitutional 
party," as they now termed themselves, through John Hall, Caleb 
Merriman, Eliakim Hall and Isaac Johnson, again besought the assem- 
bly that the society's and the public's interests might be divided, and 
that the society be restrained from levying any further rates. As a 
reason for claim to this exemption and participation in the old prop- 
erty, they stated that they had settled Mr. Waterman as their own 
pastor, and had now a distinct society of their own. On the memorial 
of John Hall, Jr., and others, May 1st, 1672, this ecclesiastical society 
was incorporated, to " be called, known and distinguished bv the name 
of Wells."* 

At the time Mr. Waterman was .settled as their pastor, October, 
1761, the .society had 61 members. Nine years later the number was 
104, which was near the maximum strength. In April, 1762, a place 
for a meeting house was selected, being a lot partly on Israel John- 
son's land and partly on the common. This was 18 rods from the old 
meeting house, and was believed to be far enough away to prevent 
disturbance to the old society. That body, however, asked for an in- 
junction to prevent buildmg. which was refused; and also brought wit- 
nesses to testify that the .services of the Wells Society could be heard 
25 rods. 

The building of the Wells meeting house was begun, when some 
of Mr. Dana's parish threatened to destroy it, because it was partly 
on the highway. " A fight over the trenches dug for the foundations 
brought together the inhabitants for miles around to participate in 
the scene, or to witness its issue." But the meeting house was built 
as begun, and was opened for services December 8th, 1762. It stood 
on part of the present Episcopal church lot, and was a so-called two- 
story frame house, with its side to the street, where was a door and eight 
windows. Another door was at the south gable end. The architec- 
ture was plain, but the building was so substantial that it stood about 
eighty years. It was used in turn by the " Wells Ecclesiastical So- 

■*It is claimed by some th;it this name was given for a wealthy citizen who- 
liberally supported the movement. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 391 

ciet3%" the Baptists and the Episcopalians, after 1830, and as their 
property was taken down, by that body, after 1840. 

It would be interesting to trace the .struggle for their suppo.sed 
rights which took place between these two societies, from 1765 for the 
next twenty years, but space forbids. The advantages of the situa- 
tion alternated from one society to the other, and each had its earnest 
advocates, not only in the town, but throughout the entire colony. In 
the town, however, the most baneful effects were felt. It was divided 
against itself, and many brethren were alienated to such an extent 
that they connected themselves with churches of other persuasions. 

Mr. Waterman continued pastor of the Wells church until June, 
1787, when he was dismissed on account of the inability of the society 
to give him farther support. Soon after the church ceased to exist. 
In November, 1788, the remaining members voted unanimously that 
"they were desirous of holdmg Christian fellowship and communion 
with the church under the care of Reverend James Noyes, notwith- 
standing the sentence of non-communion passed some years since 
by a consociated council again.st said church." 

At this time Mr. Dana was still pastor of the First church, Mr. 
No3'es being the colleague pastor. His views, probably, had some- 
what changed, and much of the prejudice held against him by the 
dissentients had worn away. By his warm advocacy of the patriot 
cause during the revolution, he had also become more popular, not 
only at home, but throughout the colony. His political soundness 
outweighed his inclination to Arminianism, causing many to overlook 
It as a pardonable offense. It should be remembered, too, that the war 
had a liberalizing effect upon most communities, which, under the in- 
spiration of civil liberty, attained at such great cost, favored greater 
liberty of thought upon religious matters. 

The controversy thus extended through thirty years was not with- 
out important compensating results. Chief among these was the 
overthrow of the "Old Lights " as a dominant party. Under the 
" Ecclesiastical Constitution " of the colony they had exercised much 
arbitrary power, and deprived many pastors and churches of their 
rights, making their peculiar constitution a very engine of oppres- 
sion. In this conflict, in the ordination of Mr. Dana, the same means 
which they had so long used was turned against them, and the 
"Ecclesiastical Constitution" was shorn of its powers in the attempt 
to make those powers coercive against the will of the majority. Nor 
were the "New Lights" fully triumphant in this conflict. Mr. Dana 
did not fully favor the methods of Whitefield and other itinerating 
ministers, and his settlement over this important church, in the face 
of the opposition of those more strongly imbued with such doctrines, 
had a modifying effect upon that system. Nevertheless, the contro- 
versy worked the dawn of a new era in New England theology; and 
from the time of its close appeared a new generation of ministers who 



392 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

had imbibed the spirit of the "great awakening," and who had, to 
some extent, been indoctrinated with the teachings of modern theolo- 
gians, lilie Edwards and Bellam\', whose influence upon the churches 
is felt to this day." 

In ]7Sf), the health of Mr. Dana being poor, ^Ir. James Noyes was 
chosen as his colleague, and they jointly served as ministers until 
1789, when Mr. 1 'ana removed to New Haven to fill the pulpit made 
vacant by the death of the Reverend Chauncey Whittlesey. There 
he continued pastor of the First church until the summer of ISOo, 
when he retired, on account of the infirmities of age. He died at New 
Haven, August ISth, 1812, at the age of 77 years. 

Mr. James Noyes, the colleague pastor from May 4th, 1785, and the 
sole pastor after 1789, was in many respects the very opposite of Mr. 
Dana. He was essentially a man of peace and harmon}', whose genial 
nature pleased all and offended none. Until June 5th, 1832, he per- 
formed the pastoral duties, being prevented in all during nearly half 
a century of years, on two Sabbaths only, to attend to his office. In 
his ministry 279 persons were admitted to the communion of the 
church, leaving 150 members at its close. In the same period 690 per- 
.sons in the parish died. Reverend James Noyes was a son of Jo.seph 
Noyes, of New Haven, and was born in that city in 17G4. When IS 
j'ears of age he graduated from Yale College, where he was afterward 
fitted for the ministry, which he began at Wailingford at the age of 
21 years. He died at Wailingford February 18th, 1844, beloved by 
the entire community. 

Reverend Edwin R. Gilbert was ordained the fourth pastor Octo- 
ber 3d, 1S32. He was a type of man worthy to be the successor of 
Mr. Noyes and was eminently successful in a pastorate whose duration 
was terminated only by his death, April 17th, 1874. Mr. Gilbert was 
born at Hebron, Conn., in 1S()8, and when 21 years old graduated 
from Yale, where he afterward studied theology. His ministry at 
Wailingford was attended by the growth and progress of the church 
in spiritual and material things, the church being at the time of his 
death a large and influential body. 

After the Reverend Solon Cobb had supplied the pulpit, in 1874-5, 
a call to the pastorate was extended him, which he declined, and sup- 
plies continued to serve the church several years. 

Reverend H. JNI. Tenney was installed as the sixth pastor, February 

* " The Old Lights " and " The New Lights." — Briefly, these terms had their 
origin in the Evangelistic labors of Whitefield in 1740, those favoring his methods 
and those of his followers, like Tennant, Bellamy, Pomeroy and others, being- 
called by the latter title ; while those opposed to any nnusnal effort to awaken 
the people were designated by the former name. In many conimunities the 
contention between these two was long and bitter, resulting, in many in.stances, 
in tile withdrawal of the "New Lights," who established societies of their own. 
These were called Srpara/r churches. A small Sfpiira/c church was maintained, 
a short time, in the southern part of Wailingford. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 393 

27th, 1877. by a largely attended council, over which Leonard Bacon, 
D.D., moderated. Thi.s pastoral relation was continued until June 2'Sd. 
18.sri, when a council was called to dissolve it, Mr. Tenney resigning 
to take charge of a church in the We.st. 

The seventh and present pastor, Reverend Charles H. Dick- 
in.son, was ordained December 17th, 1885, coming to this place from 
Northampton, Mass. Under his care the church continues to prosper. 
In the parish were 380 families who contributed a membenship of 
more than 400 persons, in the fall of 1889. 

There has been a long line of deacons, who were honored in the 
community and were important in the affairs of the church. They 
were: Eliasaph Preston, died 1705: John Hall, died 1721; Samuel Hall, 
died 1725: John Peck, died 1768; Samuel Moss, died 1765; John Hall, 
died 1766; Samuel Hall, chosen 1760; Benjamin Atwater, chosen 1766; 
Peter Hall, cho.sen 1772; Oliver Stanley, chosen 1781; Samuel Hall, 
cho-sen 1789; Joshua Atwater, chosen 1810; Solomon Carter, chosen . 
1810; Josiah Hall, chosen 1816; Joshua Atwater, chosen 1822; Russell 
Hall, chosen 1832; Lyman Cannon, chosen 1832: *John Atwater, chosen 
1851; Levi W. Bates, chosen 1851; O. Preston Northrop, chosen 1857: 
Samuel Peck, chosen 1857; *Harvey S. Hall, cho.sen 1863; *Sereno L 
Bartholomew, chosen 1869; *C. F. Harwood, chosen 1878; *A. D. Judd, 
chosen 1888; *Henry B. Todd, chosen 1888. 

Associated with the deacons in 1889 on the church committee were 
David Gaylord, A. D. McLean and Wm. H. Goddard, John Atwater 
was for many years clerk and in 1885 was succeeded by the present 
clerk, Charles F. Harwood. 

Auxiliary to the church are a flourishing Sabbath school and a 
number of .societies to aid in missionary and benevolent work. 

Within the parish have been rai.sed up as Congregational minis- 
ters the following: Andrew Bartholomew, Joseph Bellamy, David 
Brooks, Timothy Cloot, Chauncey Coot, Benjamin Doolittle, Edward 
J. Doolittle, Ogden Hall, Lyman Hall, Samuel Hall, Theophilus Hall, 
Luther S. Hough, Jacob Johnson, Matthew Merriman, James Noyes, 
Nicholas Street, John Tyler, Samuel Whittlesey, Comfort Williams 
and Thomas Yale. 

The Wallingford Baptist Church was organized in 1735. The 
early history of this church is somewhat obscure, on account of the 
changes which occurred before it became a permanent body. Count- 
ing from the first attempt to maintain an organized Baptist society 
in the colony of Connecticut, this was the third church formed. The 
first church was organized in Groton in 1705, and the second in 
Waterford in 1710. There were about ten families represented, con- 
tributing thirteen members. Timothy Waters was the minister. In 
the course of a few years Reverend John Merriman, one of the mem- 
bers, was ordained as the pastor. He was subsequently the pastor of 

*Deacons, December, 1889. 



394 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the Southington ch^■lrc•h, where he died in 1784, in the 80th year of 
his age. How long he preached for the Baptists of Wallingford is 
not positively known; probably as a regular pastor not more than a 
few years. He was a man of liberal views and in the " great awaken- 
ing " in religious matters, which prevailed in the period of his pastor- 
ate, when there seemed to be a general concern for the salvation of 
souls, he invited some of the neighboring ministers of the Estab- 
lished or Congregational church to preach to his people. In this way 
Doctor Bellamy had come and expounded the word to their satisfac- 
tion and in the same wav Reverend Philemon Robbins, the " New 
Light" minister of the Congregational church of Bran ford, was now 
asked to come, in December, 1841, and, agreeing, he made an engage- 
ment to preach on January 6th, 1742. Two days previous to that 
time he was handed a letter by a deacon of the Congregational 
church of Wallingford, which was signed by 42 men of the town, 
desiring him not to preach to the Baptists, but assigning no reason 
why he should not. As the Baptists of Wallingford, acting on the 
advice of Governor Talcott, had not been required to pay their rates 
to the ecclesiastical society, thus admitting their right to maintain a 
society of their own, they could not properly be classed as disorderly 
persons" and, after due deliberation, he filled his engagement. This 
act awakened a hostile feeling toward Mr. Robbins, not only in the 
Consociation of the c<ninty, but also in his own church, which made 
his ministerial life very unpleasant for the next five years. 

Fortunately through his consistent bearing in these troublous 
times and his devotion to his chosen calling, even after the Consocia- 
tion had deposed him from his ministerial office and relation to the 
church in Branford in 1747,t- his opponents were forced to believe in 
the integrity of his purposes and that he meant no offense in preach- 
ing to the Baptists. He was re-instated in the favor of his church 
" which advanced his salary and encouraged him by public acts of 
generosity," and again, in 175."), became an honored member of the 
Consociation, sitting with that body until his deatli in 1781. It can- 
not be doubted, however, that the persecution directed at Mr. Robbins 
also affected the feeble Baptist society in Wallingford and from con- 
temporary accounts it appears that it did not survive the aspersions 
heaped upon it and, sometime before 1750, its organization was dis- 
continued. 

Nearly forty years elapsed before the formation of another church 
was attempted. Meantime, through the influences of the revolution 
and other causes, the Congregational church had become less exacting 
of its recognized prerogatives and more tolerant of the views of other 

* A term applied to those who absented themselves from the lawful eongre- 
gation and held iiieetings of their own in violation of a eolony law. See Acts 
and Laws, )). \ ■'•'■<. 

t See History of liranford. 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 395 

persuasions. A more liberal feeling prevailed, and, under these fav- 
orable conditions. Reverend vSolomon Wheat, a Baptist minister, of 
Glastenbury,came and preached. A number of persons became con- 
verts to the doctrine which he taught, as founded upon the principles 
of the Gospel, and were baptized according to the ordinances of the 
Bapti-st church, two persons repairing to Glastenbury for that pur- 
pose. The organization of a society followed. August 23d, 1786, a 
dozen persons, " by mutual agreement spent the day in fasting and 
solemn prayer to Almighty God to succeed and bless their endeavor 
to build Him a house and that He would form them into a Gospel 
Church." Their covenant was signed by Isaac Hall, Samuel Mix,. 
Charles Ives, Leah Peck.Ephraim Hough, Sarah Ives, Zenas Brockett. 
Mary Hull, Asaph Mitchell, Jerusha Matoon, Charles Ives, Jr., Esther 
Matoon. Isaac Hall was elected clerk. 

On the 7th of October, 1786, a delegation from the church at Glas- 
tenbury accompanied Elder Wheat to Wallingford, anda meeting was 
held, at which the new body was recognized as " The First Baptist 
Church in Wallingford." This meeting and the regular services for 
a number of years were held in the southeastern part of the present 
town of Meriden, in the " North Farms " locality of the old town of 
Wallingford. The school house in that section was sometimes used, 
but more frequently private dwellings were occupied, there being no 
regular house of worship until hSdl. In that year a dwelling, 2o by 
35 feet, was secured and fitted up for a church. Its lowly appearance 
caused it to be derisively named the " Temple," but to many it proved 
" the house of God and the gate of Heaven." After l.'i years use as a 
rallying point for the Baptists of this and the surrounding towns, it 
again became a residence, bvit the spot on which it stood will be re- 
membered as the birthplace of half a score of the modern Baptist 
churches of this part of the state. It stood within the limits of Meri- 
den, but near the town line, and parts of it still remain. It is from 
this fact that the society really became the " First Baptist Church in 
Meriden," which dates its origin from 1786, and claims the " North 
Farms" as its birthplace. As the "Temple" was three miles from the 
village of Meriden and four from the village of Wallingford, it did 
not properly accommodate the Baptists of either town, and in 1816 
the church interests were divided, the main body being transferred 
to Meriden Center, and a new society was organized in Wallingford 
village the following year. 

But prior to this another Baptist society was organized in the town, 
which must here be noticed. In 1791 the First church dismissed ]3 
male and 11 female members to form a new society in the south part 
of the town, which was recognized as the " Second Baptist Church in 
Wallingford." They occupied the " Separate " meeting house, which 
was located a mile south of the present borough, and were in sym- 
pathy with the Separatists, who had left the churches of the standing 



396 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

order after the adoption of the Saybrook PLatform. The articles of 
faith of this church were Calvinistic, and it drew support from those 
of the standing; church who held those opinions, so that, in the course 
of a few years the members numbered i'A. There was no regular 
pastor until 18()(). when vSeth Higby was called to assume that relation, 
and he continued until his death, in 1804. From this time on the pul- 
pit was supplied. Elders Lester and Green frequently visiting them. 
Nevertheless, the church continued to flourish, and out of it were 
form.ed a number of sister churches. 

In 1803 20 members withdrew to form the First Baptist Church in 
Waterbury. In 1804 a church was formed in Westfield parish, of Mid- 
dletown, most of the members having been dismissed from this society 
for that purpose. A number of other members removed and were 
instrumental in forming Baptist churches in their new homes. This 
left the Wallingford church so weak that in 1811 it was decided to 
disband, and most of the remaining members in the southern part of 
the town connected themselves with the church in North Haven, which 
was organized in that town that year by Joshua Bradley. The "Sep- 
arate " meeting house was subsequently taken down and removed to 
the Quinnipiac, where it remained many years, devoted to other uses. 

Joshua Bradley came from Rhode Island in 1809, and was both a 
teacher and a preacher, zealously following both avocations. In Wal- 
ingford he became the first principal of the Union Academy, in 1812, 
and preached in the " Wells meeting house." This stood on the site 
of the present Episcopal chtirch in the borough, and was erected by 
a Mr. Wells, a Calvinist, who, with others, had separated from the old 
Congregational church, and to provide a place of worship, where their 
doctrine .should be expoirnded, built the meeting house. It was u.sed 
by the Baptists until their own hou.se of worship was built, in 1822, 
and later became the Episcopal church. 

Mr. Bradley labored faithfully and incessantly in the school room 
and the pulpit for about eight years, but did not escape the persecu- 
tion of tho.se days. Some of the old citizens of Wallingford at this time 
remember the occasion when he was forcibly taken from the Union 
Academy and carried to New Haven, where he was confined in jail, 
but was immediately bailed out by his friends. In New Haven he was 
also charged with " drawing awaj^ from their respective Pastors and 
Ecclesia.stical Societies, to which they belonged, many of the citizens." 
But, on being tried on this charge, as in every other trial, his enemies 
were confounded, and he was judged guiltless. This fruitless oppo- 
sition had the effect of establishing the right of the Baptists to main- 
tain their identity as a separate religious body, and churches sprang 
up with increased vigor. At Wallingford the seed was thus sown 
whose germination brought forth the pre.sent church. 

Directly it had its origin in the conviction of the old North Farms 
church now removed to Meridcn Center, as expressed in the words 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 397 

of its records, " that it would be for the advancement of Zion to con- 
stitute a Baptist church in Wallingford out of their number; voted to 
call a council for that purpose." 

The council was convened May lath, 1817, when the present ( hurch 
was constituted of 84 members, a large proportion of whom had been 
connected with the old church, but others joined as the result of the 
labors of Joshua Bradley. Reverend Samuel Miller, of the Meriden 
church, became the first pastor. The church at once entered upon a 
career of prosperity and, four years later, reported SO members. In 
fourteen years of the history of the church more than twenty persons 
per year were baptized. In 1827 58 persons were baptized; and the 
largest number in any one year was in 1837, when Qi persons received 
this ordinance. Since the formation of the church more than 800 per- 
sons hav^ been connected as members and in 1889 the number belong- 
ing was 308, about one-fourth of whom were non-residents. 

Reverend Samuel Miller was pastor of the church two years when, 
in 1819, Reverend Sedgwick Rice was associated with him, each serv- 
ing the church half the time. In 1821 the Reverend Miller was dis- 
missed to join the Meriden church and to devote all his time to that 
body. Reverends (31iver Wilson and Sedgwick Rice had the joint 
pastoral care until 1825, when Reverend Seth Brewer was inducted 
to the pastorate, serving the church two years. From 1827 to 1831 the 
pulpit was supplied by Elders Glazier, Kimball and Knowlton. In 
the latter year Reverend Simon Shailer began a six years' pastorate, 
in which period 83 persons joined the church, leaving it in a prosper- 
ous condition. 

From 1837 to 1839 Reverend Amos D. Watrous was the pastor and 
early in the latter year he was succeeded by Reverend Francis 
Hawley * who remained pastor two years. In 1841 Reverend Matthew 
Bacheler was ordained to the pastorate, but, two years later, adopted 
" Millerite " views and there was a division in the church which re- 
sulted in the exclusion of many members. Nearly one-half were cut 
off on account of their adherence to the adventistic doctrines, and this 
was the darkest period in the history of the present church. In the 
course of a few years many returned to the original fold, but others 
were hopelessly lost as members. In 1844 Reverend A. E. Dennison 
became the pastor and prosecuted his work with so much success that 
the church was greatly revived and again became prosperous, spiritu- 
ally and materially, so that in 1847 the church edifice was much im- 
proved. He was also instrumental in e.stablishing the Sabbath school, 
April 2d, 1840, which has since been such an efficient aid of the church, 
serving as a faithful hand-maid in promoting its general work. In 
1889 there were 208 members. 

Reverend Charles Keyser became the pastor in 1850 and in less 
than two years was succeeded by Reverend S. B. Grant, whose stay 

* Father of Senator Joseph R. Hawley. 



398 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

was also short, when supplies filled the pulpit. The pastorate of 
Reverend R. J. Adams, which began in 1855 and continued more than 
fourteen years, was one of the most noteworthy and efficient. Under 
his care the church again obtained character and a wide reputation 
for its earnest work. One week before his leaving, in the latter part 
of 1869, the church edifice was destroyed by fire and his last pastoral 
act was to secure $10,000 in subscriptions toward building a new 
house. This was completed in the first year of the ministry of Rev- 
erend A. C. Bronson, who became the pastor January 23d, 1870, and 
continued that relation six years. 

June 4th, 1870, Reverend W. C. Richmond succeeded to the pastor- 
ate, filling that office until December 5th, 1880. From January Gth, 
1881, to November 1st, 1882, the pastor was Reverend H. P. Smith. 
The present pastor. Reverend A. E. Reynolds, was installed vSeptem- 
ber 1st, 1883, and under his faithful ministry the church continues to 
prosper. 

The church has had many faithful, devoted members, serving as 
deacons and in private capacity. A partial list embraces the names 
of Nathaniel Andrews, Aimer Hall, John W. Blakeslee, Chester Cook, 
Sherlock Avery, Cephas Johnson, Michael Doolittle, Lyman Miller, 
Alonzo Miller, Ebenezer Dudley, John Dudley, Cephas Johnson, Mer- 
ritt Hubbard, Henry and Selden Tuttle, Johnson Doolittle. L. S. Allen, 
Orrin Andrews, Friend Miller, Asahel Andrews, James and Marcus 
Scarritt, Wooster Martin, Franklin Johnson, William Marks, Samuel 
and Philander Hopson, Hubbard Fenn, William L. Hood and the 
deacons in 1889 : Benjamin vSutliff, Clarence H. Brown and Frederick 
S. Smith. 

Caroline Adams became a member of the church in 1827, and in 
184() organized the Ladies' Sewing Society, which has been a valu- 
able auxiliary to the church. In 1889 she remained the oldest mem- 
ber of the congregation. 

Mention should be here made of the fact that at a call of this 
church a coiavention of delegates from nine churches met in the Union 
Academy, at Wallingford, September 2.")th, 1825, and formed the New 
Haven Baptist Association, of which body the church has since been 
a member. 

The ecclesiastical society of the church was organized December 
29th, 1822, to manage the business affairs, and has usually fixed the 
.salaries of the pastors, which, since 1832, have been from §300 to 
$1,500 per year. It also hired the first sexton, in 1843, at a salary of 
$12 per year. 

In the summer of 1821 a plain frame meeting house was built for 
the church on the lot on which .stands the present edifice. This was 
enlarged l)y an addition and .steeple to the front, in 1847, the changes 
costing $3,000. With other repairs and renovations it remained a com- 
fortable place of worship until it was burned, December 4th, 1869. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 399 

Until a new house could be yjrovided, the meetings were held in the 
town hall. The work of building the present fine brick edifice was at 
once begun, and it was substantially completed in 1870, at a cost of 
nearly $36,000. Since its consecration modern improvements have 
been added, so that it is now one of the most complete churches in 
the association. In 1864 a parsonage was purchased on Academy 
street, which was sold in 1879. In 1885 the present fine parsonage, on 
Curtiss avenue, was completed, being valued, with the lot, at $.5,000. 
D. E. Morris. Marcus E. Cook and Newton C. Wooding are the trus- 
tees of the society: C. H. Brown, treasurer; C. G. Hull, clerk: and J. C. 
}*Iansfield, the church clerk. 

St. Paul's Church (Protestant Episcopal), of Wallingford borough, 
is a prosperous organization. Doctor Davis, in his exhaustive " His- 
tory of \Vallingford," says " that the precise time when this church 
was gathered is unknown." It appears to have been organized pre- 
vious to 1729, under the auspices of the London "Society for the Prop- 
agation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." and from a letter to the 
bishop of London, written in the year named, which was signed by 
the members at that time, we learn some facts in regard to its history. 
The}' said: " We are a church but newly planted," which had the ser- 
vice of a regular minister but once per quarter, but on every other 
Lord's day the service was performed, so far as it was proper, by a lay 
reader: but the want of sufficient sermon books was deplored, and the 
difficulty of encouraging the spread of the Gospel, on account of the 
rates required to support the established church, with the persecution 
attending those who dissented from the state church, was brought to 
the attention of the bishop, with the expressed hope that a better con- 
dition of things would soon prevail, when more laborers in the cause 
of the church could be supplied. This letter was signed by: "Thomas 
Ives, North Ingham, church wardens: Ebenezer Wainwright, Thomas 
Dewlittle, John Bellamy, Aaron Tuttle, Waitstill Abinather, Matthew 
Bellamy, Phineas Ives, Shadrach Seagar, Ebenezer Blakesley, Enos 
.Smith, John Meeky, Thomas Williams, George Fisher." 

Only a part of the foregoing lived within the bounds of the present 
town of Wallingford: the othjrs lived in the adjoining towns. 

It appears that there was no further account of this society until 174( >, 
when Reverend Theophilus Morris, missionary of the London society ex- 
tended his labors to this section, coming from the Naugatuck valle}'. 
It is probable that his ministry led to the formation of the so-called 
■' Union Church " parish, which was organiied in March, 1741, and 
was composed of perhaps a dozen families residing in the southern 
part of old Wallingford and North Haven. A small frame church 
building was erected near Pond hill, in which the services of the church 
were now clothed with some of the impressive dignity which attaches 
to them. Mr. Morris preached at this church every three months, and 
was assisted by a Mr. Thompson, who officiated more frequently. A 



400 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

little later a Mr. J. Lyon was the a.ssistant.and they had also the a.ssi.st- 
ance of a lay reader, .so that services appear now to have been held 
regularly; and from this time, 1741, the Episcopal church in Walling- 
ford has had a continuous history. 

This purpo.se to maintain an organized parish, distinct and separate 
from the Congregational or State church, aroused the members of the 
latter body to as.sert their rights as expressed in the colonj' laws of 
that period, and the chui'chmen were not only obliged to pay their 
rates to build the regular meeting houses and to support the estab- 
lished ministry, but some of them, for protesting against these unjust 
measures, were fined and impri.soned. Such action had a tendency to 
keep the churchmen poor and distressed. The newly organized churches 
found it difficult to support a minister or even to contribute much 
toward his maintenance. Under these circumstances Henry Bates and 
John Ward, of the Wallingford church, on the 1st of December, 1748, 
wrote to the secretary of the London society, reciting that, although 
there were 25 masters of families belonging to the organization, yet 
owing to the frequent demands upon them by the established church, 
they were kept poor and needed aid from the venerable society in 
order to maintain a minister. If such aid could be given they hoped 
to be able, in the course of a few years, to raise ^"20 sterling per an- 
num toward the support of a minister, etc. 

The society extended the aid the parish desired, and there was an 
increase of members under the labors of Reverends Ichabod Camp 
and Ebenezer Punderson. The former first read lay sermons at Wal- 
lingford in 1748, and after his ordination divided his time between 
Wallingford and Middletown, from 17.')8 to 1760, when he removed to 
North Carolina. The latter was at Wallingford in 17.")0, and appears 
to have made a good impression in favor of his cause. Like Samuel 
wSeabury, he was formerly a Congregational minister at Groton, but was 
ordained to the priesthood in England in 1784, after which he returned 
to this country and earnestly labored as a churchman. 

Meantime the meetines of the Wallingford church were held in 
what is now the borough, the church at Pond hill proving to be incon- 
veniently located. Of this second place of worship but little can be 
said. It was, most likely, simply a dwelling fitted itp for that pur- 
pose, and stood in the northern part of the village. To provide a 
more suitable place measures were taken to erect a church at a still 
more central point. Accordingly, December 20th, 17.")7, Joseph Rice, 
Jr., Titus Rrockett, David Cook and Abel Thom.son petitioned the 
town for permission to build a new church on the corner diagonally 
northwest of the present site. Permission being granted, the church 
was built in I7A8, and was also an una.ssuming frame structure, but 
larger than the first one, on Pond hill. In it was placed an organ 
bv David Cook, who had brought it from England. Subsequently this 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 401 

organ became the property of the North Haven society, and in 1S09 
it was sold to William P. Gardner, of New Haven. 

Some time about 1762, Reverend Samuel Andrews was appointed 
the missionary of the " Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in 
Foreign Parts," for the parishes of Wallingford, Cheshire and North 
Haven, and continued that relation, with some interruption, until 
1781, when he removed to New Brunswick, where he became the first 
rector of the parish of St. Andrews. He remained in Nova Scotia 
until his death at an advanced age. Mr. Andrews was born in what is 
now the town of Meriden.in 1737, and was the youngest of eight sons. 
In 17;)9 he graduated from Yale College. Two years later he went to 
England to receive holy orders in the Episcopal ministry. After 
being in the service of the London Society, at Wallingford, several 
years, he made an extended missionary trip into the northern part of 
New England, returning to his original field of labor, where his work 
was crowned with great success, until the troublous times of the revo- 
lution. In that strugforle Mr. Andrews was a tory, and thus incurred 
the hostility of his patriot neighbors, destroying his usefulness as a 
minister in this locality. It is said that when he removed, in conse- 
quence of his opinions, a number of tory families accompanied him to 
seek new homes in Nova Scotia, as their love and respect for him was 
very great. He was sincerely consistent in his views and unaffected 
in his piety, claiming that his vows to the missionary society, in whose 
employ he was, would prevent him from doing otherwise than the 
course he pursued. He was the last missionary of the society to the 
Wallingford church, which in the early years of his ministry was 
greatly strengthened, so that the parish had, in 1770, 63 families and 
69 communicants. In Cheshire there were 47 families and 64 com- 
municants; and in what is now Meriden there were 6 families and 14 
communicants. Much of the accession to the membership was the 
result of dissensions in the established church, consequent upon the 
discussion of theological questions. This drove many from the folds 
of the established church in every parish, which aided to liberalize 
the old societies after they had passed through a period of contention. 
" But many, in order to escape the acrimonious controversies of that 
day, joined the Episcopal church, to find peace and enjoyment in its 
communion."* 

Other missionaries of the Loudon Society sometimes visited Wal- 
lingford, and aided to establish the church. Among these was Ed- 
ward Winslow, the missionary at Stratford, who frequently officiated, 
as often as once every six weeks, in 1760. He was an excellent 
preacher and a good rector, but died while yet in the prime of man- 
hood, in 1780. 

Of the condition of the Episcopal church at large, in the colony, at 
this period and later, Doctor Davis says: " The close of the revolution 
* Doctor Beardsley's History of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut. 
25 



402 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

found it in a state of the deepest depression. Her altars prostrate or 
deserted, her ministers gone or disheartened, her.self the object ot 
political odium and suspicion, without the inherent power of perpetu- 
ating her own polity, her cause, m the view of men seemed well nigh 
desperate. So mourned her friends; so vaunted her enemies. •• _ 

The consecration of Doctor Samuel Seabury to the bishopric, m 
1783. and the establishment of the Diocese of Connecticut, brought 
encouragement to the hearts of the churchmen in the colony, as the 
affairs had now a supervising head. The benefit of this arrangement 
was soon made manifest in the more perfect organization of the 
church work, which brought order out of chaos and restored confidence 
in the future of the church. And yet. for many years, the church at 
Wallin-ford felt the depressing effects of the revolutionary period, 
barely maintaining an existence, after some of its strength was gath- 
ered to the .support of newly organized parishes withm the bounds ot 

the old town. 

In 1788 Reverend Reuben Ives became the rector of the church at 
Cheshire his native town, for two-thirds of the time, with privilege to 
devote the remaining third to missionary duties in the neighboring 
towns. These ministrations continued about thirty years, and led to 
the organization of the parishes in Meriden, Southmgton and Ham- 
den. He supplied Wallingford and Meriden many years, and Rever- 
end Tillottson Bronson, the principal of the Cheshire Academy, Rev- 
erend Charles Seabury, son of the bishop, and others, also preached m 

this period. , , , j r 

Near the close of 1794 Reverend Seth Hart, who had preached foi 
the Episcopalians of Waterbury, removed to Wallingford and remained 
about four years. In 1801 Reverend Ammi Rogers took charge of 
the parishes of Branford. Wallingford and East Haven. Later the 
Wallingford church was supplied by, among others, the Reverends 
Toseph Perry and Virgil H. Barber. 

In 1822 there was again a regular rector in the person of Reverend 
Tames Keeler, but in 1824 he was succeeded by Reverend Ashbel 
Baldwin, who lived at Wallingford and who officiated several years 
In 1S32 he became disabled by age for any active duty. He died at 
Rochester, N. Y.. in 1846, nearly 90 years old. Mr. Baldwin was a 
man of ability and tact and well liked in the community. It was m 
this period, in 1831, that the •' Wells Meeting House " was purchased 
by the parish and occupied for church purposes. 

Since 1832 the parish has had a regular succession ot rectors ana 
has prospered accordingly. The ministers ^i^fjhat period ha^e 
been: Reverends William Curtis. 1832-6; Lemuel Hall, 1836-9; R-M. 
Chapman, 1839-40; Hillard Bryant, 1841-50; Joseph Brewster, 1850-3; 
Charles S. Putnam, 185:^-8; John Townsend, 18.-^8-64; Edward -M. 
Gushee, 1864-70. Since June, 1870, the rector has been Reverend J. 
* History of AValHngford, p. 254. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 403 

F. Wildman, whose ministry has been characterized not onl}' by 
length of years beyond any of his predecessors, but has also been 
successful in promoting the material and spiritual interests of the 
parish. The membership has been largely increased, numbering in 
December, 1889, 289 communicants and 190 families. 

The ministry of Reverend Hillard Bryant was one of the first in 
which there was a marked change in the affairs of the pari.sh. In 
1843 he reported the building of a neat and commodious rectory, at a 
cost of $1,500: and in 1846 a new Gothic church 40 by 63 feet was 
erected on the old " Wells " lot at a cost of $5,000, most of which was 
secured from outside sources. In 1861, under the rectorship of Rev- 
erend John Townsend, the church was enlarged at an expense of 
$2,379, and in 1865, while Reverend E. M. Gushee was the rector, it 
was beautified at an outlay of more than $400. In the ministry of the 
same rector the church was burned, October 27th, 1867, the loss being 
estimated at $15,000. At the same time the " Union Hall," on the 
lot south was destroyed and its site was afterward included in the 
church lot. 

Upon the Reverend Mr. Gushee devolved the work of having a 
new church edifice erected, and the present substantial building is 
evidence of the success of the undertaking. The corner stone was 
laid by the Right Reverend John Williams, May 26th, 1868, and by 
him the church was consecrated September 2d, 1869. It is built of 
Portland sandstone, in the Gothic style of architecture, with a width 
of 58 feet and a height of 62 feet. A tower on the northwest corner, 
91 feet high, is supplied with a bell of 2,500 pounds weight. The 
length of the building is 124 feet and it is .suitably divided for the use 
of the church. The audience room accommodates 700 people. George 
E. Harney was the architect. The church cost about $70,000. A very 
large proportion of this amount was paid by two members of the 
parish — Samuel Simpson and Ebenezer H. Ives. Since the erection 
of the new church it has been reasonably repaired and made still more 
attractive. The ministry of Mr. Gushee was also characterized by 
the extension of the parish, in the establishment of the mission at 
Yalesville, which had become strong enough, in 1871, to be organized 
as an independent parish, and has since gone apace with the parish 
church. 

Of the parish of St. Paul Samuel Simpson has been the senior war- 
den since 1858, and Henry L. Hall has served as junior warden many 
years. The present vestrymen are: G. W. Hull, S. N. Edmonds, B. A. 
Treat, William N. Mix, John Munson, William Hodgkinson, John H. 
Francis, Street Williams, C. A. Harrison, Benjamin Hall, W. M.Whit- 
taker. The parish clerk is Charles G. Pomeroy. 

The church has several valuable auxiliaries, chief among them 
being the Sunday school, with nearly 2()0 members.and William Whit- 
taker as its superintendent. St. Paul's Guild, a ladies' aid society, has 



404 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

for more than twenty years, by its material assistance and moral sup- 
port, advanced the work of the parish. St. Paul's Chapter of the 
Brotherhood of St. Andrew is of recent oriranization, being instituted 
December 9th, 1880, with 18 charter members. William Whittaker 
was elected to the office of director: Horace Furni.ss, secretary; and 
William N. Mix, treasurer. Its membership is increasing rapidly. 

Walling-ford Methodists organized a class in the town as early as 
1809, which had as members Samuel Smith and wife, Sydney Smith, 
Stever Beach, Mary Doolittle, Elizabeth Merriam, Lucinda Preston 
and Nancy Parker. They met for worship in private houses, and what 
preaching they had was in connection with the appointments in the 
surrounding towns. In more recent years a Alethodist church was 
fairly established at Wallingford, and a chapel was procured on the 
" Plains," on Quinnipiac street, in which worship was for some time 
statedly held, and there were a number of active members. The re- 
moval of some of these and other causes so weakened the society that 
no official organization was maintained in 1889, and .since 1885 the 
chapel has only been infrequently used. 

The Yalesville Methodist Episcopal church had its origin in revival 
services held in the old Adventist church, in 1865, the religious awak- 
ening extending to the entire community. As a result a union house 
of worship was biiilt by G. I. Mix and others, in which a Sabbath 
school was established, with Mr. Mix as superintendent, and the chapel 
was used by various denominations. The Methodist class at Yales- 
ville, which had among its members George Cook, A. J. Brown, T.W. 
Jerald, J. Campbell, William Watson and others, being encouraged by 
the Methodist church of [Meriden, purchased for $3,500, in May, 1867, the 
Union chapel, and made it a church of their own denomination. Im- 
provements of a more recent period have made the house comfortable, 
and a parsonage, built in 1880. close at hand, has enhanced the value 
of the property of Yalesville circuit. Prior to the organization of 
this, about fifteen years ago, the church had the services of local 
preachers. In 1880 the minister of the circuit was Reverend George 
Coburn. The church had 90 members, and the .Sabbath school, of 
which Charles A. Lamb was the superintendent, reported 75 mem- 
bers. 

The Adventist church was built prior to the civil war, and after 
being occupied many years for religious purposes fell into disuse, and 
was later turned into a storeroom. 

The Yalesville Baptist church was organized in 1877 with 11 mem- 
bers, and Ephraim Peck, Henry Schwab and Plenry H. White were 
elected deacons. The church has prospered, and in 1889 had 52 mem- 
bers. Garry I. Mix was the superintendent of the Sabbath school, 
which had ]()(» members, and whose affairs were in a pro.sperous con- 
dition. The pulpit has been supplied most of the time, having had 
only one regular occupant, the Reverend Walter B. Vassar, who was 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 405 

the pastor one year. The past four j-ears the supply has been Rever- 
end A. E. Reynolds. 

The church edifice was dedicated May 16th, 1880. It stands in a 
pleasant part of the village, and is substantially built of brick, 38 by 
56 feet, with a chapel extension, in the rear, of 26 feet. A small spire 
adds to the appearance. The property is valued at $o.0()0. 

St. John's Evangelical Church (Protestant Episcopal) is located at 
Yalesville. The finst services of the church at this place were held in 
the school house, by Reverends Deshon, of the Meriden parish, and 
Gu.shee, of Wallingford; but later meetings were held in the Advent 
chapel. About 1863 the sum of $1,500 was raised, and the building of 
the above house of worship was begun, on a lot donated by Bennet 
Jeralds. It is an attractive edifice, in the Gothic .style of architec- 
ture, having dimensions of 35 by 70 feet, and is neatly furni.shed. 

Having the regular services of a Mr. Bush, as a lay reader, the 
Episcopal membership at this place increased, and in 1870 there were 
20 communicants. The following year vSt. John's became a separate 
parish, with Bennet Jeralds and Henry C. Woodin as wardens; Ed- 
ward H. Tracy, JohnW. Woodin, John G. Button and Charles E. Yale, 
vestrymen. Since that time the membership of the parish has varied, 
there being about 40 communicants in 1889. These were served by 
Reverend William Wildman, and Reverend J. E. Wildman, of the 
Wallingford church, was the rector in charge of parish affairs. 

Previous ministers were : Reverend Bush, here ordained to dea- 
con's and priest's orders; Reverend D. Henry Smith, the rector for 
four years, after 1880; and his successor, the Reverend J. B. Robinson, 
rector for about three years. In addition, there have been a number 
of supplies, lay readers and ministers under deacon's orders, the 
frequency of change preventing the greater prosperity of the church. 

The Second Adventists of Wallingford built a handsome house of 
worship in 1890-1. In 1843, and for a few years following, there was 
a great interest in Wallingford in the doctrine of the second coming 
of Christ. The Reverend Mr. Bacheler and many others of the Bap- 
tist church e.spou.sed it, and the cause soon had a large following in 
the communit}'. Disappointed in the expected appearance of Christ, 
as foretold by Miller and others, many renounced their new faith, and 
no permanent Advent organization was maintained. Later a society 
was formed at North Farms, which had among its members Walter 
Ives, William Bartholomew and D. Piatt. These and others of that 
locality erected a chapel opposite the Eben Neil corner, in which 
Advent meetings were held about ten years. The membership, never 
large, was diminished by removals, so that services were discontinued 
and the chapel was converted into a residence. Those remaining 
Adventists now attended the meetings at Yalesville, where an interest 
in this faith had sprung up, which received support from members of 
the Piatt, Chandler, Marble, Bartholomew and other families. A 



406 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



Chapel was there built, which was a useful factor in the religious life 
o The place a score of years, when the Advent -etrngs were rtiere 
also given up in consequence of the absorbtion of most of the mem- 
bership byThe other churches at that place, noted in the foregoing 

^Tbout 1879, Reverend Homer A. King came to Wallingford bor- 
ougt ^ith a missionary tent and held a series of meeting, which 
were the means of gathering up a few members, among them be.ng 
Georo-e Hull, James Pierepont, William Hill, Asahel Andrews, S M. 
Scianton and D. C. Dudley. No regular organization was attempted, 
but mee ino-s were held in halls until May, 1881, when the old Mam 
s^ieTschool house was secured as a regular place of worship, and it 
was occuDied until the completion of the new church. 

In lis te church .settled Reverend D. T. Call as its pastor, who 
continued in that relation .several years. He was fol owed in that 
office by Reverend George M. Teeple, who remained ^-}^\l^^^^;^' 
since which time the pulpit has again been supplied. J^- ^^^^ " 
ship has increased gradually, about .>0 persons belonging at the pie.- 
enttime A vigorous Sunday school is maintained. 

Holy Trinit; Church (Roman Catholicr is a prosperous and grow- 
ing organization. Catholic worship m the town was first held in 
December. 1847. when mass was said at the house of Jam s Hanlon. 
an Irishman living at the corner of Mam and High f «f . "« ^f 
taken up his residence at Wallingford in 1840. at which time there 
were bu't two other Irishmen m the vinage-Michael MuUigan and 
Mark Daly, the latter being in the employ of Jared R ^^ ^^^ttlesey^ 
At that time the nearest Catholic church was at New Haven and to 
that place James Hanlon was accustomed to walk to attend mas.s^ re- 
turning on foot the same day to do his work as a servant. Soon after 
1840 the nucleus of an Irish settlement was formed and as the nev^ 
comers all profes.sed the Catholic ^-th. the services of a priest^^^^^^^^ 
desired. A a missionary came Father McGanck, from \\aukegan 
n ., and held the first service which gladdened the hearts of th-^nest- 
less people, saying the mass on the 22d day of the above month. 
AbouTtwelve persons were in attendance, among the number being 
members of the Hanlon, Owens, Logan and Leonard famihes^ 

The second priest to minister in the town came from New Ha^en 
and wis Father'philipO-ReiUey.whoalsosaidmassat JamesHanlon s 

who now lived on Academy lane. Meantime Catholicism had beco^_^e 
established at Meriden and Wallingford was tal-n up as an out-mi. 
sion of that parish. Under this arrangement father 1 eeven came 
as the third priest, holding worship at the house of Martm Owens, 
on the 12th of May, 1850, he solemnized the fir.st marriage m town 
according to the forms of the Roman church, the couple united being 
Philip McCabe and Ellen Maloney. 

*Cc,mpiled from an accounl by John (i. Phelan. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 407 

Father Hugh O'Reilley was the next priest to say mass, also at the 
house of Martin Owens, the north room being used, the altar being set 
up between the two front windows. He came to the parish in the 
spring of 1851, full of zeal and a determined purpose to thoroughly 
establish the cause of his church. Under his direction the first 
Catholic school was soon after opened at the Owens house and the 
question of building a church agitated. In the furtherance of this 
purpose, on the 29th of May. 1852, Father Hugh O'Reilley bought 
three lots of land from the estate of Philip McCabe, on which the 
church was finally built, the site being now a part of the Catholic 
cemetery. 

From 1854 to 1856 F'ather Thomas Ouinn rendered pastoral ser- 
vice, coming from Meriden; and Reverend Father Wallace, a young 
man, .soon after became the resident priest at Wallingford. The Owens 
house having become too small and unsafe for such large meetings as 
assembled for mass, that service was held in " Union Hall." The 
Catholic population had now grown to about 150 persons, and a church 
being demanded it was decided to build on the lots purchased by 
Father Hugh O'Reilley. Means were secured and the Protestants of 
the town aided in raising a building fund, by generous contributions. 
It was thus made possible to lay the corner stone of the first church 
November 23d, 1857, that ceremony being performed by Father 
Thomas Quinn. 

The building was a large frame, 40 by 60 feet, with a small vestry. 
Ere it was completed it was u.sed and one Sunday in April, 1858, while 
Father Ouinn was saying mass, a part of the floor gave away, causing 
great confusion and resulting in the injury of several persons. After 
the completion of the church. Father Sheridan became the resident 
pastor at Wallingford in 1859, the newly formed parish including also 
Hamden and Cheshire. As priest of this parish Father Charles Mc- 
Callion succeeded in July, 1860, but remained only a short time, as 
the war unsettled matters to such an extent that a separate parish 
could not long be maintained. Wallingford again became an out- 
mission of Meriden, under the care of Father Welch and so continued 
from 1861 until 1867. In August of that year a parish, composed of 
Hamden and Wallingford, was again established and placed uijder 
the jurisdiction of Reverend Hugh Mallon, who has since remained 
the head of the Wallingford church. His energy and devotion to the 
interests of Holy Trinity parish have greatly stimulated its growth, 
and it has made rapid strides in influence, wealth and membership, 
more than 2,000 souls now belonging. 

Father Hugh Mallon was born in County Tyrone, October 20th, 
1827, and being left an orphan, came to America at the age of 17 years. 
Following the occupation of a stone mason ten years, he began a long 
course of study in different Catholic institutions of the Union, and in 
1863 was ordained to the office of prie-st. After serving as an assist- 



408 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ant to various priests in this state and Rhode Island, he entered upon 
his pastorate at Wallingford, August llth,1867. and through his untiring 
efforts the parish has practically been made what it is— one of the 
most progressive and substantial in the state. Soon after his coming 
to Wallingford, Father Mallon bought a tract of land more centrally 
located than the old church site, with a view of erecting on it the 
future church and parish buildings. The course of a few vears de- 
monstrated the wi.sdom of this action, for in a short time the old 
church became too small to accommodate the worshippers. Galleries 
built on the sides, in 18G9, increased the capacitv, but the work of 
preparing to build a new edifice was soon after begun. 

In 187f) ground was broken for a new church and the foundation 
was laid. The funds being limited, slow progress was made, and at 
the end of three years only the height of the water table was reached. 
Meantime, on the 17th of .September, 187G, the corner-stone had been 
laid by Bishop Galbery, in the presence of many of the priests of the 
state, and thousands of people gathered together from the neighbor- 
ing cities. 'While the building was at a comparative standstill, in the 
summer of 1878, the old church, which was becoming much dilapi- 
dated, was destroyed by the great tornado, Augitst 9th, leaving the 
parish without a place of worship. (3f the 30 pensons killed and 35 
injured m that great calamity, most of them were members of the 
Holy Trinity congregation, and those were surely days of sorrow and 
agony to the afflicted people of the parish. Sunday, August 11th, 
mass was said from the steps of the school house, which had been 
used as a receptacle for the dead, and "on the afternoon of that day 22 
hearse-wagons, with their dead, moved in procession to the cemetery, 
whei-e these victims of the unbridled tempest were laid in their long, 
dreamless sleep." 

A temporary roof was fitted over the walls of the new church, and 
in the shelter thus afforded .services were held until the following 
spring, when, with the means .secured by Father Mallon, outside of 
the distressed parish, the work of building was resumed. By the 
latter part of August, 1879, the church was .so far completed that it 
wasu.sed temporarily for worship, and by November, 1879, the base- 
ment of the church was fini.shed for services, and was u.sed until 
the main audience room was fully finished and dedicated, November 
24th, 1887. 

The general plan of the church is much the same as the one at 
Clougher, the ancient .seat of St. Patrick, where also were the .scenes of 
Father Mallon 's boyhood days. It is of cruciform shape, the extreme 
length being 148 feet. The width of the transepts is 104 feet. The 
walls are 29 feet high, and from the floor to the apex of the roof the 
height is nearly ."iO feet. It is supported by columns and aixhes, beau- 
tifully decorated, and the entire room is hand.somely embellished with 
water color paintings and works of art. to typify the rites of the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 409 

chiuxh. The windows are beautiful and handsome, one costing $300, 
being presented bY the Young Men's Total Abstinence, Benevolent 
and Literary Society; while another, of like value, was purchased 
out of a fund left when the old St. Patrick's Temperance Society dis- 
banded. 

The spire of the church is 190 feet high and, with a cross 12 feet 
in height on its pinnacle, makes the building a conspicuous object, 
viewed from any direction, and justly excites the admiration of those 
who assisted in its erection. The fine brick edifice throughout, as 
well as the other property of the parish, is very attractive and gives 
evidence of the care bestowed upon it, which makes it creditable not 
only to the parish but to the entire community. 

Connected with the church, as means in extending the work of 
the parish, are the St. Vincent De Paul Society, the Christian Doctrine 
Societ3% the Ancient Order of Hibernians, and the Knights of Colum- 
bus. Pinta Council, No. .'), of the latter order, is maintained on a sub- 
stantial basis and has a fine membership. It has elegant rooms in 
Total Abstinence Hall. This is an attractive two-story frame building, 
with a one-story rear extension and has a prominent location on West 
Centre street. It was erected in I88.1 bv the Young Men's Total 
Abstinence, Benevolent and Literary Society. The latter organiza- 
tion became an incorporated bod}', with this name, on the 18th of 
March, 1884, the corj^orate members being Thomas Brosnan, Patrick 
J. Ouinn, Patrick J. Laden, William Hogan, John B. Roach, Thomas 
Paden, John J. Prior, Thomas Downey, Thomas Pahey and Edward 
Roach. The hall, on Centre street, has been fitted up for assembly 
and social purposes and the nucleus of a library has been gathered. 

An older and, in its day, a ver}' useful temperance organization 
was the St. Patrick's Total Abstinence and Benevolent Society, which 
was incorporated in August, 1871. Its privileges were suspended a 
few years before the organization of the above society was effected. 

The Wallingford Community was for many years an object of 
great interest in the town, both on account of the religious views of 
its members and the prosperity which characterized its temporal 
affairs. The domain of the community indicated a splendid property, 
consisting of farm, shops and mills created largely by the thrift and 
enterprise of the members. These are located, along the old New 
Haven turnpike, a mile west from the center of Wallingford borough, 
along the east ba.se of Mount Tom. The farm embraced 240 acres, 
much of it lying well up the hillside, so as to command a view of the 
Quinnipiac and its valley for several miles, north and south. Here, 
upon spacious and finely laid out grounds, were erected the community 
residences, whose large and imposing aj^pearance make them con- 
spicuous objects. The largest of these is of modern architecture and 
contains 40 sleeping rooms. It was erected in 187G and the buildings 
cost $50,000. Much of the farm was devoted to the culture of small 



410 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

fruits and orcharding-, more than 1,000 bushels beinsf 2:rown annually. 
In 1S89 there were orchards of lo acres of apples, 4 acres of pears, and 
2i acres of quinces. In the latter years of the community less atten- 
tion was paid to the farm than formerly and more time was devoted 
to manufacturing. A well-ordered printing office and silk mills were 
carried on, both enterprises being successfully conducted. 

In 1890 the title to the property was still held by the community, 
but there was little to tell of the activity which here at one time 
prevailed in the field and the shop. After 1880 the transfer of the 
members to the parent society at Oneida began and in the course of 
a few years nearly all had removed or assumed new relations in life. 

The communit}' at Wallingford had its origin in 1851, when Henry 
Allen and his family, old and respectable citizens of the town, em- 
braced the teachings of John Humphrey Noyes and espoused the 
cause of the ()neida Communists. Believing in the truth of the prin- 
ciples held by these people, they determined to embody them at this 
place in practical life and were assisted by members of the Oneida 
Community to form a branch community at Wallingford. In this way 
Mrs. M. E. Cragin, L. H. Bradley, E.' H. Hamilton and Mrs. S. C. 
Hamilton were most efficient aids in the first years of the community, 
having been thoroughly indoctrinated at Oneida. In addition to Mr. 
Allen himself there were his wife and four children and his sister, 
Mi.ss Eliza A. Allen. B. Bristol and his family, of Cheshire, .soon after 
joined and others were added from time to time, until, with those 
transferred to this place from the communities of Oneida and Willow 
Place, New York, there were about. nO members of all ages. After 
the lapse of the first twenty years there were but few accessions and 
the membership steadily decreased until the Wallingford Community 
disbanded. 

One of the cardinal principles of the community was to conform 
as nearly as possible to the conditions of the Christian church in the 
Pentecostal period, when " the multitude of them that believed were 
of one heart and of one soul: neither said any of them that aught of 
the things which he possessed was his own, but they had all things 
common." They succeeded in applying this principle to the avoca- 
tions of life and the attendant property relation, establishing a fine 
social system, which added dignity to labor and gave better oppor- 
tunity for the development of natural talent, since a greater variety 
of occupation was offered to the member than if he had relied solely 
on his individual efforts. Education was ever a subject of prime 
interest and all the youth of the community were thoroughly in- 
structed, a number of them being sent to colleges, at home and abroad, 
while the means of obtaining an academical education were placed 
within the reach of all at the academy at Oneida. In all these respects 
the community was a success; but the application of the communistic 
principles to the social or family relation was a failure. Their system 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 411 

of "complex marriage " was so abhorrent to the general public that 
it found little favor and provoked, very justly, much comment and 
sentiment adverse to the community. In spite of the many good 
traits of the members, which were freely recognized, the feeling pre- 
vailed that thev were transgressors of honored customs and civil laws 
and that their usages were inimical to the welfare of society. After 
an experimental existence of thirty years the community yielded 
obedience to this feeling and passed away, regretted only for its 
material worth. 

The cemeteries in the town are generally well kept and attractive. 
In the early settlement it appears that one of the common fields on 
the "Plains," near the center of the original village, was selected as a 
place of burial. While the ground was not contiguous to the meeting 
hou.se lot, it was near at hand, and besides being dry and clear, per- 
haps more conveniently accommodated the inhabitants of the town, 
on account of its accessibility, than any other place. To the original 
lot thus set aside, additions have been made until there are about ten 
acres in the enclosure. Many of the graves in the old part have been 
obliterated, but the places of a few of the early interments are indi- 
cated b}' rude headstones. A few years ago their location and the 
significance of the inscriptions were investigated by John G. Phelan, 
of the borough, and from his account we learn that the oldest stone, 
which is merely an irregular slab, marks the grave of William Houlte, 
who died in 1683, aged 73 years. He had joined the settlement ten 
years before, the original lot in the village set aside for John Miles 
having been sold to him. 

A larger and more shapely, almost oblong red stone, bixt as rudely 
and simply inscribed as the foregoing one, only the initial letters 
being cut, shows where Katharine Miles was buried, in 1687, after 
having attained the age of 95 years. The Miles family was one of 
those to settle at Wallingford in 1670, its lot being where are now 
Main and Christian streets, and she must, therefore, have been already 
78 years old when she took up her residence here. Descendants have 
ever since remained in the limits of the old town, as have also those of 
the two next noted below. 

The grave of Abraham Doolittle, who died in 1690 at the age of 70 
years, is marked by a very low but rather thick stone, whose outlines 
have been nicely rounded by the elements. In official matters he 
bore the title of sergeant, and his was one of the hou,ses ordered to be 
fortified against Indian attack, in December, 1675. He was one of the 
original committeemen of Wallingford, a selectman for many years, 
and a member of the general court, being in the general affairs of the 
town one of its most prominent men. 

The most elaborate of the old headstones marks the grave of Mr. 
John Moss, who died in 1707, at the unusual age of 103 years. The 
inscription is cut in a heart-shaped figure, and the top of the stone, 



412 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

which is well preserved, is nicely carved. John Moss was a man of 
distinction in the colony, and the honors he held in life seem to have 
followed him in death, as indicated by this stone. He was one of the 
three persons in the settlement entitled to be called "Mr.," the other 
two being Mr. Samuel Street, the minister, and Mr. John Brocket, who 
was a fellow commissioner in the colony. At the age of 83 years he 
was one of the selectmen of the town, and there is a tradition among 
his descendants that he made his will when he was a hundred years 
old, which shows that, besides being educated and dignified, he was 
also a remarkably vigorous man. 

The graves of some of the prominent men who died in early years 
are marked by new stones, to which the old inscriptions have been 
transferred. These epitaphs are usually very quaint and much at 
variance with our present style of .spelling, as. for example : 

'■ The Reverent Mr: Street Departed: This Life: Jen: ye 1(> ITIT Agged: 82." 

On a number of stones are poetical inscriptions: 
(Doctor Isaac Lewis. 1784). 

" A.s I am now gone down to dust 

Five of my children came here first 

The rest may se as they pass by 

That we are now before them gone." 

In July, 1742, the neglected condition of the cemetery was brought 
before the inhabitants of the town, when it was ordered that the 
grounds should be enclosed, in connection with some of the common 
fields near by, so that the highway to the fields, in that locality, run- 
ning through the cemetery, should not be stopped up, but entrance 
should be afforded by gates. In more recent times greater regard has 
been paid to its privacy, and the cemetery is now separately enclosed, 
with a hedge of Norway spruces, which gives it an attractive appear- 
ance. The town decided, April 29th, 1871, to make this improvement, 
which was much needed. The .selectmen — E. A. Doolittle. Hezekiah 
Hall and William Wallace — with additional committeemen, Medad 
W. Munson, .Samuel Simpson and Benjamin D. Sutliff, were appointed 
to adjust the bounds of the cemetery and carry out the plans for im- 
provement. But the desire for a more secluded spot for the repose of 
the dead led to the establishment of 

The In Alemoriam Cemetery, which was dedicated October ICth, 
1887, when appropriate addresses were made by Reverend J. E. Wild- 
man and Honorable L. M. Hubbard. The first per.son therein interred 
was Mrs. George Cook, of Yalesville, December 22d, 1887. The ceme- 
tery is beautifully located, on the high ground in the northern part 
of the borough, at the intersection of Yalesville and Main .streets. It 
embraces 7A acres which have been nicely ])latlcd by Thomas j\Ic- 
Kenzie, and improved according to his plans by the cemetery a.ssocia- 
tion which controls it. This was organized in May, 1887, and in 1889 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 413 

the officers were: William G. Choate, president: Reverend J. E. Wild- 
man, vice-president; William M. Hall, secretary and treasurer; H. L. 
Judd, Reverend C. H. Dickinson, Reverend H. L. Reynolds, B. A. 
Treat and Horace Austin, directors. The funds for the purchase of 
the cemetery were contributed mainly by William G. Choate, David 
M. Stone, Samuel vSimpson, H. L. Judd, Hiram Austin, Miss Fannie J. 
Curtiss, and others who were actuated by a public spirit to secure this 
attractive spot for the repose of the dead. 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

Roger S. Austin, born in 1845, is a son of Sherman and Lucy 
(Jones) Austin, grandson of Porter, and great-grandson of Joel Au.stin. 
Mr. Austin has been collector of taxes 16 years, has been three years 
deputy sheriff, and holds the office of constable. He has been five 
years in the ice business, and is now a member of the Wallingford 
Ice Company. He is a member cf Compass Lodge, No. 9, F. & A. M., 
and of Accanant Lodge, No. 7L L O. O. F. He married Fannie M. 
Pattee. Their only child is Albert S. 

Michael Backes, born in Germany in 1829. came to this country in 
1835. He learned the trade of a locksmith, and his natural mechanical 
genius led to several inventions. He came to Wallingford in 1853, 
and in 1875 began the manufacture of toy paper caps, and since his 
death in 1889, his sons have carried on the business. He was nine 
months in the late war, in Company B, 27th Connecticut Volunteers. 
At the time of his death he was a member of the court of burgesses 
of the borough. He married Catharine Helmsteadter. Their children 
are: George, Edward, Charles, Frederick, Henry, Carrie, Frank, Nettie, 
Catharine, John, Grace, Bertha, and one that died. 

Nehemiah Banks, M. D., was born in Bethel. Conn., November 8th, 
1813. He was one of a large family, numbering thirteen, the children 
of Samuel and Lydia (Crane) Banks of Bethel, Conn. He was the 
sixth in order of birth. His father was a physician, so that the son, 
Nehemiah, was familiar from early boyhood with the general life of 
the physician, and hence was led, by parental example and success, to 
undertake the profession for himself. His English education was 
gained under a private preceptor, and while he himself was engaged 
in teaching. His special and technical education as a physician was 
obtained at the medical college of Yale University, from which he was 
graduated in 1843. Following his medical course, he located for the 
practice of his profession, first of all, in Cheshire, Conn. But his 
expanding knowledge and skill fitted him for practice in a larger town, 
and he accepted an opportunity of moving to Wallingford. This he 
did in 1852, and in 1856 purchased the residence known as the Judge 
Pomeroy place on Centre street. The house has since been remodelled 
several times and enlarged, so that from its present appearance, it 
could scarcely be identified as the home of its former owner. 



414 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Here Doctor Banks lived about 34 years, winning and ever keep- 
ing the high regard of all who knew him in the town. He was of a 
gentle nature, full of sensitive feeling, and fine nervous power, quick 
to apprehend, and very domestic in his habits and affections. Home 
was earthly heaven to him, and his family the choice companions of 
his heart. He was the good neighbor, beside whom his neighbors 
could live in peace for indefinitely long periods. It pleased him always 
to do them a neighborly service. He never lacked for kind words to 
be uttered, nor for affable manners to be shown. And his gentle, 
pleasing manners, as his love of truth and performance of duty, made 
him greatly beloved in the community. 

Dr. Banks was one of those characters in whom the public is not 
disappointed, who are always better than their professions, who are a 
little ahead of promises rather than behind, and are giving surprises 
of genuineness, instead of disappointments to those who trust them. 
Hence professing to be a physician, he must, perforce of nature, be the 
good physician. He must be an honor to the profession, rather than 
wear his professional title as an honor to him.self. He must be a con- 
stant student of the curative art. The new remedies must be exam- 
ined with scientific care, and treated rather suspiciously, until they 
have shown themselves to be worthy of confidence. 

This conservative, cautious element in his nature showed itself in 
a certain exactness in his habits. His dre.ss was always precisely ar- 
ranged, neat, clean and of fine texture. His office and the parapher- 
nalia of his profes,sion were kept always in order. He knew where 
every instrument was, and every medicine, and book, and pamphlet, 
and article worth preserving. All his professional equipage was ready 
for u.se, ready for a call in haste, even to the trappings of his horse and 
carriage. 

The same punctilious precision and care extended to the treat- 
ment of his patients. So sacred a thing as their health or life must 
not be the objects for experimentation, except within very narrow 
limits. An intelligent and careful diagnosis must lead up to the 
remedies to be employed, and tho.se must be used whose virtues are 
known and not guessed at or merely advertised. His recipes were 
always standard, and the pharmacist must compound them as written, 
out of elements which have standard virtue in them. He first found 
the pharmacist who could be absolutely trusted, and patronized him. 
Doctor Banks could not rest unless he was confident that both his 
medicines and his directions for their'use were the most approved by 
the learning of the profession, so his patients had the best treatment 
known. And since a cure so often depends on proper nursing, as well as 
quantity and power of medicine, he insisted on the former. Hence 
those employing him might be sure that he would adopt long-tried 
methods, and not new-fangled notions and experimentation. 

Doctor Banks abandoned him.self to his profession, hence be did 



(^ 



-J4 




■Ai/k^-.-^^u^ ^c^^'Si -fh 3) 



HISTOKV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 415 

nothing beside. He was never found seeking political office or bid- 
ding for popularity in the ordinary rivalries of the town. He aimed 
to do the one thins:, and do that one thing well. Hence he was the 
trusted " beloved physician." And when counsel was needed in most 
critical cases, it was easy to secure the most educated and skillful ex- 
perts of the profession. He was a member of the New Haven County 
Medical Society, and for many years, beginning with 1852, was regis- 
trar of vital statistics for Wallingford. 

He was married four times: the last to Miss Catharine N. Maynes 
of jMeriden, Conn., January 6th, 1886, who survives him. He died 
June 11th, 1890. Mrs. Banks, in loving memory of him, has given to 
St. Paul's church of Wallingford an elegant lectern, consisting of a 
polished, ornamented, carved brass pillar, a large eagle standing on 
the capita] of the pillar. Its wings are outspread, and on the oblique 
upper surface of the wings rests the Bible. Upon the crown of the 
pedestal is engraved the dedication: '• To the Glory of God and in 
Memory of Nehemiah Banks, M. D., a faithful Communicant of this 
Parish." On the circular base is also inscribed: " Born A. D. 1813 ; 
Baptized A. D. 1880; Died A. D. 1890." It is a beautiful memorial in 
the church he loved and where he worshipped. 

Doctor Banks was a Mason, and at his burial both the service of his 
■church and of the Masonic fraternity committed him to rest in peace, 
while the community mourned for an esteemed citizen who should no 
more be seen on earth. 

Augustus H. Bartholomew is the eldest of four children of Ira and 
Eunice (Hall) Bartholomew, and grandson of Isaac Bartholomew. He 
followed farming until 1885, when he retired. His first marriage was 
with Mrs. Mary Pomeroy, who died. His second marriage was with 
Mary E. Camp. They have four children: Elisabeth M. (Mrs. H. N. 
Childs), James D., William H. and Charles P.; and one daughter that 
died in infancy. 

Francis C. Bartholomew, born in 1821, in Northford, Conn., is a 
son of Timothy and Mariette (Cook) Bartholomew, grandson of Tim- 
othy, great-grandson of Samuel, whose father, Andrew, came to Wal- 
lingford in about 1729. Andrew's father, William, was a resident of 
Branford, and his grandfather, William Bartholomew, came from 
England to Massachusetts in 1634. Mr. Bartholomew was a school 
teacher and farmer until 1848. He was several years president and 
principal stockholder in the Northford Rivet Manufacturing Com- 
pany. He was town clerk and treasurer six years, 35 consecutive 
years justice of the 'peace, commissioner of the superior court, and in 
1875 and 1877 he was representative in the legi-slature. Since 1883 
he has been a resident of Wallingford, where he holds the offices of 
deputy judge of borough court, auditor of town accounts, and regis- 
trar of voters. His first marriage was with Erry Ann Lee. She died in 



416 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

1873, and he married for his second wife Jennie E. Harrison. He lias 
lost two .sons: Frank L. and Charles A. 

Lyman Beckley, born in 1S26, is a son of Theodore and Eliza (Rel- 
den) Beckley. He is a painter and paper hanger. He married Mary 
E., daughter of Andrew S. and Mary (Hobart) Page. They have one 
daughter, Jennie E., now Mrs. F.(t. Hull. 

John Beaumont, son of Deodate and Lucina (Rose) Beaumont, and 
grandson of Edmund, died in 1879, aged 88 years. Mr. Beaumont fol- 
lowed the sea in the fur trade until he was about 60 years old. and 
after that was a fanner. He married Ann, daughter of John and 
granddaughter of George Tyler. Their children are: Elisabeth (!Mrs. 
S. Pond), Edmund (deceased), Julius, Lucina (deceasedi, Harvey, Fran- 
cis, Lewellyn, Albert, George and Cynthia. 

Harvey Beaumont, born in 18:?8, is a son of John and Ann (Tyler i 
Beaumont. Mr. Beaumont is a farmer. He married Melissa Foster 
for his first wife, and for his second wife Mrs. Julia Bailey, daughter 
of Elihu Mix. They have one son, Edmund Mix Beaumont, born 
June ISth, 1890. 

William A. Booth, born at Newark, N. J., in 1856, is a son of 
Charles W. and Chloe (Caufield) Booth. Mr. Booth removed to Strat- 
ford, Conn., with his parents when a small boy, and resided there 
until 1877, when he went to New Haven, where he was engaged in 
various occupations until December, 1886, when, in company with his 
brother, he bought the New Haven & Wallingford Express, and in 
1887 they bought a livery business at Wallingford of George B. Allen. 
In February, 1889, the firm of Booth Brothers was di.ssolved, and since 
then William A. has run the livery business alone. He has lived in 
Wallingford since 1887. He married Lillie Farmer and has four chil- 
dren: Charles F., Clara L.. Harry W., and Robert, died March 4th, 1890. 
They also lost one daughter. 

Allen Bowe, born in 1822 in Middletown, Conn., is a son of Oba- 
diah A. and Nancj' (Skinner) Bowe and grand.son of Obadiah Bowe. 
He has worked at the blacksmith's trade smce 1838, and .since April. 
1870, has run a blacksmith and wagon shop at North Farms. Walling- 
ford. He married Mary A. Coe, and has two sons : Osman and Clif- 
ford. 

Andrew J. Brown, born at Burlington, Conn., in 1834, is the young- 
est of twelve children of Ervin and Loui.se (^Bronson) Brown and 
grand.son of James Brown. Mr. Brown came to Yalesville in March, 
1857, and shortly after became foreman of the wood department for 
the Charles Parker Company. He married Mary FL McKenzie. Their 
children are: Mary H., Andrew J., Jr., Nettie A., Evaline E., Margaret, 
Harriet, William, .Sarah A., Fannie M., Robert and Alice. One son, 
Julius E., died. 

Edwin Y. Bull, son of William and Ruth (Hall) Bull, and grandson 
of Caleb Bull, was born in 1823. His grandfather, Benajah Hall, was 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 417 

a fifer in the revolutionary war. Mr. Bull learned the trade of tin- 
smith and sheet-iron worker, and after following it ten years, began 
work as a die sinker and machinist, continuing until about ten years 
ago. He is a natural mechanic and has made some violins, and has 
also given lessons in playing them. 

John il. Cannon, born in 1860, is a son of Burdett and Juliette 
Cannon and grandson of Lyman and Sally (Smith) Cannon. He had 
been in the employ of Simpson, Hall, ]\Iiller & Co. until March, 1887, 
when he bought a men's furnishing and boot and shoe business, which 
he still continues, having substituted clothing for boots and shoes. 
He is a member of Accanant Lodge, No. 71, L O. O. F. 

Patrick Concannon, born in Aleriden in 1853, is a son of Peter and 
Deborah Concannon. He is an engraver by trade. He came from 
Meriden to Wallingford in 1880. He was two years a member of the 
court of burgesses, three terms justice of the peace, and has been 
assessor for the borough for four terms. He is married and has three 
children : John, Deborah and Mary. 

Marcus E. Cook, born in 1849, is the youngest son of Hiram and 
Anna M. (Mark.s) Cook, and grandson of Chester, whose father, Abel, 
was a son of Aaron Cook. ilr. Cook is a farmer. Since 1880 he has 
had charge of the roads of the town and borough, and has invented 
several machines for doing road work with horse power. He was 
representative in the legislature in 1883 His father and grandfather 
each held the office one term. He is a member of Wallingford 
Grange, No. 33, P. of H., and has been its master two years. He mar- 
ried Clara E. Potts, of Berkshire county, Ma.ss. They have one son, 
Chester H. 

D. J. Curtin, M. D., born in July, 1863, at New Britain, is a son of 
John and Ellen Curtin. He graduated in June, 1883, from the Holy 
Cross College, Worcester, Mass. He then took a two and a half years' 
course in the Medical L'niversity of New York city, and then one 
year in Bellevue Hospital and other schools, and in November, 1887, 
came to Wallingford, where he now practices. 

Silas Noel Edmonds, born in Westmoreland county, Va., in 1828, 
is a son of Captain Meredith, and grandson of Vincent Edmonds, who 
was sheriff of Westmoreland county, and was overseer of General 
Washington's farm in the same county. Mr. Edmonds came to Wal- 
lingford in October, 1849, and after working at his trade as a carpen- 
ter and joiner for seven years, he was made station agent for the 
N. Y., N. H.& H. railroad here, which position he has filled since that 
time. He is a member of Compass Lodge, No. 9, F. & A. M. He 
married Seraphina, daughter of John D. Reynolds. 

John W. Fitzgerald, born in Wallingford in ISSf), is a son of Will- 
iam and Joanna (Carey; Fitzgerald. He was employed in the silver 
manufactories here until April, 1887, when he started the furniture 
and undertaking business. He was married May 25th, 1882, to Mar- 
26 



418 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

garet Maher, and they have five children. He i.s a member of the 
National Band of Wallingford. 

George B. Francis, younge.st and only .surviving child of Lyman 
and Mary Franci.s, grandson of Jacob, whose father, Jacob, was a son 
of Joseph Francis, was born in 1841. He is a farmer on the home- 
stead of his father. He is a member of ]\Ieriden Grange, No. 2S), P. of 
H. He married Emily J., daughter of Horace and E.sther R. (John- 
son) Andrews, and has one son, Howard A. 

Wii.i,i.\M Fr.wcis was born in Wallingford, Conn., March 3d, 1804. 
On the northern border of the town of Wallingford and just east of 
the central point, lies a large plot of ground which has been owned in 
the Francis family for several generations. Old deeds are in posses- 
sion of the younger Francis sons which give proof of the assertion. 
Here lived the subject of this sketch during his long life, and here 
he died at the age of 7.5 years, April 14th, 1879. 

]\lr. Francis in boyhood attended the district school, kept at what 
is called North Farms, but only until he was fifteen years of age. 
The schools of those days gave instruction in the fundamental branches 
of an English education denominated the three " R's." The arith- 
inetic taught was not the advanced arithmetic of the better .schools of 
to-day, but the simpler processes of numbers. Hence those who 
would acquire advanced knowledge in the science of numbers, must 
avail themselves of special opportunities, such as were denominated 
" ciphering schools." A private instructor, expert in the science of 
numbers as far as "navigation," held a private school, perhaps in a 
private house. The more ambitious young men of the early part of 
the li)th century in this district, and young William Francis as one of 
them, learned advanced arithmetic in a " ciphering school." In this 
way his talent for numbers was developed. After all, his schooling- 
was mostly of the practical business sort gained in the great school of 
business and trading life. 

At first he c|uite despaired of becoming a farmer, for his physical 
constitution was weak and his physical weight light. His physician 
advised him to adopt an out-door industry which would call for no 
really hard labor. He took the advice, and undertook the perambula- 
tions of a peddler in the state of New York. Meriden was then head- 
quarters for much small ware, the product of small factories, and Mr. 
Francis loaded his wagon with what he termed " Yankee notions," 
such as wood-combs, wooden bowls, thread, coffee-mills, Britannia and 
tin ware, and went to and fro in the state of New York. But upon 
return home, while his purse was satisfactorily filled in these peregri- 
nations, he yet would declare he did not like the business. 

He determined upon a farmer's life as the next choice of industry 
and trusted that by carefulness his physical strength might endure 
the hardship. His father, Jacob Francis, died July 14th, 1829, and the 
next spring, William Francis began the building of the residence 




^fe 



,G^>-<^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 419 

where he lived the rest of his life, and where his family of four chil- 
dren were born. 

Perhaps it was the result of a necessary caution exercised in young 
manhood to save the physical strength, but Mr. Francis was noted 
always for doing work in the easiest manner; " take advantage ' was 
a constant phrase of his respecting all farm work, so that it should be 
done with the least expense of physical strength. Let the laborer be 
constantly thoughtful, use his mind to relieve his muscle. Mr. 
Francis was always a student of farm methods, and watchful for im- 
provements in farm machinery. Labor saving inachinery was always 
popular with him. He was the first farmer in all his district to place 
on his farm a mowing machine, and horse rake and reaper. It was 
said among the neighbors that they too must purchase machines, for 
Mr. Francis got his work done before them. 

The enterprise of Mr. Francis showed itself in another way. It 
seemed to him that the farmer's great source of power in the raising 
of crops lay in the abundant fertilization of the land. The old time 
sources of supply were not sufficient. He sought for new fertilizers 
and new sources of supply. He began the use of special fertilizers, 
as the bone dust which fell from the saw in the button shops, before 
his neighbors did. He watched the newspapers for hints and pointers. 
He listened with an intelligent ear to what might be .said on the topic 
of fertilizers and made all information practical by applying it in 
farming. Besides he was always observant to discover new crops. 
Living in an excellent farming section, he introduced the raising of 
tobacco, made him.self familiar with the best processes of harvesting 
and cure of the leaf, so as to offer on the market the best article. 

Hence by good sense in management, and by the.se improved 
methods, Mr. Francis became a leading farmer in his town, as success- 
ful as he was intelligent and far-seeing. To him one season was fol- 
lowed by another, and one year by another; and he was short-sighted 
who did not plan for the future as well as for the present. As a far- 
mer, Mr. Francis looked far ahead, and he made money. If his in- 
vestments were traced out, they would be found in safe places where 
they yield their dividends. His sons are to-day reaping the benefit 
of his wisdom in management. They have only to follow his example 
to go on to greater fortune than they have inherited. Though frail 
of physique, he was what is called a very '" hard worker," and yet so 
wi.sely did he lay out his strength from day to day as to live to a ripe 
old age. 

Mr. Francis was recognized in his town as a man of excellent, ener- 
getic business quality, and of high moral worth. His townsmen put 
him in positions of trust, and kept him in some of them for a long 
term of years. He was tax collector for fifteen years, at a time when 
he must visit every house in the town annually, and some of them 
several times, to get the annual tax. He was also road commissioner 



420 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

for three years, when the labor of inspection fell almost wholly upon 
him; and besides at one period, the town entrusted him with the 
repairs on all the town roads. 

In religious faith and alliance. Air. Francis was an Episcopalian 
the greater portion of his life, though he came from excellent Baptist 
stock. He and his family were members of St. Paul's church of Wal- 
lingford, and regular attendants — the family still maintaining the 
excellent example set them by the father and mother. 

He was married twice — the first time to Emily Blakesley, of Wal- 
lingford, March SOth, 1831. To them were born two children: William 
J., who resides on a part of the original farm of his father, and Emery 
Francis, born February loth, 1837, died July 14th, 1837. Mr. Francis 
married, the second time, Julia (Cook) Tuttle, of Hamden,Conn. Two 
sons were born: Henry, December 18th, 1842, died February 22d, 
1843: and John H., born June 2nth, 1858, who enjoys the great privi- 
lege of having his mother in his family on the old homestead. John H. 
Francis married Carrie P. Wooding October 10th, 1883. She died 
December 18th, 1887. He married again Mabel A. Wooding, Feb- 
ruary 21st, 1889. To them has been born Isabel Alice, October 4th, 
1890. 

Mr. Francis' last illness was brief. He had been subject to rheu- 
matism, but seemed on the day of his death not to be dangerou.sly ill, 
when rheumatism seized upon his heart and he was gone, the com- 
munity losing a citizen of great worth, who had set an example of 
high virtue and ability in all the walks of his life. 

William J. Francis, born in 1832, is the eldest son of William and 
Emily Francis, and grandson of Jacob, whose father, Jacob, was a son 
of Joseph Francis. Mr. Francis is a farmer, owning some of the same 
farm which was owned by his great-great-grandfather. He is a mem- 
ber of Meriden Grange, No. 29, P. of H. He married Marietta J., 
daughter of Justus and Jane (French ,i Peck, and has one son, Lyman H. 
Rus.sell Frisbie, born in Branford in 1812, is one of eleven children 
of Thomas, and grandson of Thomas Frisbie. Mr. Frisbie came from 
Branford to Wallingford in 1833, and after working eleven years at the 
blacksmith trade, built the blacksmith shop and grist mill where he 
has since carried on business at East Farms. He has been a member 
of Wallingford Baptist church since 1837. He married Laura Mat- 
toon, and of her eight children four survive her: Susan J., Mary A., 
William R. and Cornelia. His second marriage was with Harriet L. 
Hubbard. 

Daniel P. Griswold, born in 1856, in Essex, Conn., is a son of Sam- 
uel Griswold. He began in 1874 to learn the cabinet maker's trade, 
and in 1880 he came from New Britain to Wallingford and opened a 
furniture and undertaking store, having previously been three years 
in the business. He married Emily Page, and has one .son, Morton D. 
Augustus J. Hall, born in 1842, is the youngest son of Joel and 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 421 

Hanpah (Beach) Hall, grandson of Augustus and great-grandson of 
Joel, whose father, Asahel, was a son of John Hall. Mr. Hall is a 
farmer on the farm where his father lived and died. He is one of 
seven children, six of whom are living: Julia (Mrs. Henry Martin), 
John H.. Sarah E. (Mrs. B. F. Harrison), Augustus J., Alice and Agnes 
(Mrs. F. H. Hall). 

David M. Hall, born in 1818, is one of eleven children of Josiah 
and Martha Hall, grandson of Hial and great-grandson of Peter, whose 
father, Thomas, was a son of Thomas and grandson of John Hall. 
Mr. Hall learned the trade of sheet iron and tin worker, and after fol- 
lowing it for a few years began farming, which he has since continued. 
He married Catharine M., daughter of Thaddeus Cook. Their chil- 
dren are: Edward T., George D., and one that died, James C. Edward 
T. married Georgie A., daughter of George F. Pardee. George D. 
married Jennie B., daughter of Elijah Hough, and they have one child, 
Louis Cook Hall. 

Elihu Hall, born in 1807, was a son of Chauncy and Marilla Hall, 
grandson of Hial and great-grandson of Peter Hall. Mr. Hall was a 
wheel and wheel material manufacturer until ten years ago, and after- 
ward followed the insurance and loan business. He died May 27th, 
1891. He married Martha Ann, daughter of Samuel Cook and grand- 
daughter of Ambrose and Colonel Isaac Cook, who was the grandson 
of Isaac Cook, who was the first to emigrate to this country by the 
name of Cook. She died, leaving two children living: John M. and 
Martha C. (Mrs. Gustavus Phelps). Two died, Henry C. and Lucy E. 

Henry D. Hall, oldest son of Jeremiah A. and Jemima (Field) Hall, 
grandson of John and great-grandson of Elisha Hall, was born in 1836. 
October 12th, 1859, he began the butcher business at Wallingford. 
which he has continued since that time, with the exception of about 
one year. The present market was built in 1877. 

J. Atwater Hall, son of Jeremiah A. Hall, was born in October, 
1838. He enlisted July 22d, 1861, in the .oth Connecticut Volunteers, 
in the band, serving fourteen months. January 1st, 1864, he became 
a partner in the meat business with his brother, under the firm name 
of H. D. & J. A. Hall. They have been in business since, with the 
exception of one year. He is a member of Compass Lodge, No. 9, 
F. & A. M., and a member of Arthur H. Button Post, No. 36, G. A. R. 
He married Cora A., daughter of Sheldon Brayman, and has one 
daughter, Eva L. 

Julius C. Hall, youngest son of Jeremiah A. Hall, was born iji 1S4U. 
He served in the civil war from November 9th, 1861, to November 
29th, 1864, in Company K, First California Volunteer Infantry, and 
official report shows that this company marched 4,245 miles during 
their time of service, through Southern California, Arizona, New 
Alexico, Texas and Kansas. Since 1865 Mr. Hall has been a partner 
in the meat business with his two brothers, firm of Hall Brothers. 



422 HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 

He is a member of Arthur H. Button Post, No. 36, G. A. R. He mar- 
ried Mary B. Higgins, of Maine, and has one daughter. Mabel C. 

Henry L. Hall, 26. born in 1840, is a son of Jared and Emilvi Aus- 
tin) Hall, grandson of Samuel and great-grand.son of Samuel Hall. 
Mr Hall was a farmer until 1880, when he bought the coal and fertil- 
izer business which he now carries on. He was assessor one term and 
four years chairman of the board of selectmen. He married Emma 
L dauo-hter of John H. Allen, and has one .son. Allen L., one daugh- 
ter having died "in infancy. Emma L.. his wife, died m June, 1888. 
In June, 1890, he married Ann E. Loper. of New Haven. She was a 
teacher in the Skinner school for twenty years. 

Hezekiah Hall, born in 1817, and died in ISSS, was a .son of Nathan 
crrandson of Hezekiah and great-grandson of Eliakim Hall. Mr. Hall 
was a farmer. He was three terms in the house of representatives and 
selectman several years. He married Harriet, daughter of Calvin and 
Harriet (Rice) Coe, and granddaughter of Joseph Coe. Their children 
were- Lillie C. (Mrs. H. M. Comer), Ida M., Nathan, Linus H., Emma 
C. (Mrs. Charles Lyman), Jane M., and one daughter that died m in- 
fancy. Linus H. occupies the homestead at East Farms. He married 
Zoe L., daughter of Albert M. Phillips, of Monson, Mass. They have 
one daughter, Catharine. -, u n 

Isaac K. Hall, youngest son of Peter and Delight (Kurtland) Hall, 
and o-randson of Hial Hall, was born m 1834 and died m 1886. He 
was a'' farmer. He was in the war, in Company B, 27th Connecticut 
Volunteers, from October, 1862, for about five months. He was a 
member of Arthur Dutton Post, G. A. R. He married Ellen M 
daughter of William A. Hart, of Durham. She died January 24th, 

1891, aged SO years. 

J Walter Hall, born in 1847, is the youngest son of Solomon ana 
Cornelia (Andrews) Hall, and grandson of Aaron, whose father, Asa- 
hel, was a son of John Hall. Mr. Hall is a farmer He married 
Agnes McGhee. They have two children: Delano W. and Zilla B. 
He is a member of Wallingford Grange, No. 33, P. of H. 

Sidnev T- Hall, son of Elizur and Eunice J. (Nettleton) Hall, and 
grandson of John Hall, was born in 18.16. Mr. Hall has kept a gen- 
eral store for ten vears. For four years prior to that he was m the 
butcher business. ' He was three years town trea.surer. He married 
Ida A. Sutlief. Their children are: Stuart W., Esther V., and one that 

died, Edna C. ,,t-,,- n 

W Burr Hall, born in 1845, in Hamden, is a .son of W illiam D. 
and Harriet , Perkins) Hall, and grandson of Jared, whose father 
Samuel, was a son of Samuel Hall. Mr. Hall was engaged m the hide, 
tallow and fertilizer bu.sine.ss until April, 1888. He has lived m W al- 
lino-ford since October, 188.1. He held the office of burgess ten months, 
selectman and town clerk each one year. He was appointed post- 
master of Wallingford January inth, 1890, and took charge of the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 423' 

office February 18th following. He joined the Governor's Horse 
Guards in 1870, ten years later was elected senior second lieutenant, 
afterward senior finst lieutenant, and later captain, which office he held 
until February, 1890, when he received an honorable discharge He 
married Ella M., daughter of Edwin H. Skinner, and has one daughter, 
Maude. 

William E. Hall, born in 1837, is a son of Solomon and Cornelia 
(Andrews) Hall, and grandson of Aaron, whose father Asahel, was a 
son of John Hall, one of the first settlers of Wallingford, Aaron Hall 
served in the revolutionary war and participated in the battles of 
Monmouth and Germantown. His son, Solomon, served in the war 
of 1812, and was stationed at New London. William E. Hall is a 
member of Wallingford Grange, No. 33, P. of H., and a member of 
Compass Lodge, No. 9, F. & A. M. He has been selectman and has 
held other town offices. He married Lydia J., daughter of Samuel 
and Lydia R. Hart. Their children are: Edgar S., Hattie C, Wilbur 
H., Ellen J. and S. Ellsworth. They lost one, Francis K. 

George M. Hallenbeck was born in Spencertown (Chatham Four 
Corners), New York, October Sth, 1848, and is the son of Albert and 
Mary H. (Munson) Hallenbeck. The earliest remembrances of George 
M. are of Wallingford, its streets, hills, valleys, rivers, its schools, its 
factories and its churches. His education had only been well entered 
upon when he left school at the age of fourteen to work in the electro- 
plating room of the factory of Hall, Elton & Co., of Wallingford, 
March 2d, 1863. Six years of steady employment in the plating-room 
left their warning mark upon his physical health, and in the fall of 
1869 he had quite resolved to leave the factory and enter upon .some 
employment which would require out-door exercise. But by the 
qualities of industrious earnestness and steady, bright, pleasing, busi- 
ness and social manners, he won the very favorable opinion of the 
governing powers of the factory. They desired to retain his efficient 
help, and offered him a position in the office. His first duties in the 
new relation w^ere those of entry clerk, and since 1869, he has passed 
up through all the grades of responsibility, until he became in 1882 
the general manager of the factory. Since that date he has held that 
position. It is a position of great responsibility. The plant represents 
a capital of $12.'),000, and employs a large number of hands in the 
manufacture of German silver goods plated with silver. 

Mr. Hallenbeck's office is quiet, but pervaded by a spirit of busi- 
ness despatch, of which he himself is the embodiment. Good natured 
and genial, with words few when few words only are in place, gentle- 
manly and kind, and masterful in his position, he is highly respected 
throughout all the works, while an air of mutual confidence in.spired 
by an ambition to turn out the greatest quantity of finest goods in the 
briefest time, pervades the factory. The well-disposed employee 
finds an officer considerate and fair in the general manager, while the 



424 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

laggard workman is so gently removed, he scarcely realizes anything 
has happened, until he finds himself to be without a daily wage. The 
discipline of the factory .so administered, is very wholesome. Every 
man is made to feel silently, that he holds his position for his per- 
sonal merit. 

Mr. Hallenbeck bears the reputation among his townsmen of being 
an excellent business example. Always prompt, and persistently as- 
siduous, careful and yet energetic and pushing, devoted closely to 
business duties, and not expecting the trusts reposed in him to take 
care of themselves, but rather to be taken care of as his personal con- 
cern, he has won an enviable good name among all business associates 
and acquaintances. 

Besides the management of the factory of Hall, Elton & Co., Mr. 
Hallenbeck is the financial manager of a company dealing in ice in 
Wallingford. 

In politics he is a republican, and has steadily turned aside from 
political office, preferring the private's position to the endless rivalry 
and buffeting of party success for those in office. Of the popular 
social orders, he holds membership in the Independent Order of Odd 
Fellows and is also a member of the Knights of Pythias. In religion 
he is a Congregationalist, and while not a church member, takes 
pleasure in performing the service of a good parishioner in the First 
Congregational parish of Wallingford. One rule has been taken as 
the guide of life, and been kept distinctly before him, whether in 
social or business relations, and that is the Golden Rule. 

He was married October 26th, 1882, to Mrs. E. E. (Dickerman) 
Wilmot, of New Haven, Conn., and resides at the family homestead 
on Centre street, Wallingford, where for thirty years he has lived, 
having the high esteem of his townsmen for his many virtues and his 
sterling manhood. 

Benjamin F. Harrison, M.D., was born in Northford, in the town 
of North Branford, Conn., April 19th, 1811, and was the son of Elizur 
and Rebecca (Bartholomew) Harrison. In his death, which occurred 
April 2;3d, 1886, Wallingford lost one of her most distinguished and 
esteemed citizens. He was born one of nature's noblemen, so that 
whatever of training or culture he might have need not attempt the 
impossible feat of imparting original quality to make a fine, distinct 
individuality, but to cultivate quality already inherent. We will not 
look for a long period of school life in youth, nor for the careful .selec- 
tion of an academic college, and watchful supervision and guidance 
while he might be going through the curriculum. None of these were 
privileges of his youth. He was denied them, not for any lack of 
parental love, but for the exigencies of farm life as pursued in the 
early part of tliis century. The school life of boyhood was inter- 
rupted by work on the farm, as soon as the boy could be useful there. 
And yet young Harrison obtained enough of education to be the dis- 




^. >?ty M 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 425 

trict pedagogue in winter, while in summer he helped his parents on 
the farm. In this way he secured the funds for a medical course in 
Yale University, and graduated m 1836. He then sought for hospital 
practice in New York city, and later became associated with Doctor 
French, of Milford, in the practice of medicine. But he had no sooner 
begun in Milford than a favorable opening came to him in Walling- 
ford, and he accepted it. Here he continued for ten years, and then 
resolved upon travel and residence in Europe. While in Paris he put 
himself under the tuition of famous lecturers in medicine and science, 
and afterward visited many of the principal points of interest on the 
continent. 

Upon returning to America, he first thought to practice his profes- 
sion in Cincinnati, Ohio, and opened an office there ; but his resi- 
dence in that city did not continue long, and he returned to Walling- 
ford. 

After some years his practice here was again interrupted by the 
events of the war. Governor Morgan, of New York, commissioned 
him, August 1st, 1862, to be surgeon of the Independent Corps, New 
York Volunteer Light Infantry, already in the field at Yorktown, Va. 
The regiment's term of .service expired February 7th, 1864, and Doc- 
tor Harrison with his regiment was mustered out at that date. He 
then entered the service of the sanitary commission and was assigned 
to South Carolina and Florida. At the close of 1864 he returned to 
Wallingford, and remained there for the rest of his life. 

But this meagre outline of events gives no adequate idea of the 
individualit}' and character of the man who moved in the mid.st of 
them. Seen from any point of view, Doctor Harrison was a man who 
would attract attention. Socially he was an agreeable companion and 
a brilliant conversationalist. It was only needful that he should have 
his attention centered by the presence of a friend, or by an interesting 
topic of conversation, when his eyes would sparkle and his mind open 
its riches of thought and humor and agreeable comment, in entertain- 
ing manner. Especially was this so if his company at any time was, 
like himself, intellectually bright and full of information. 

There were two respects in which Dr. Harrison's individuality ap- 
peared distinct from that of many people. He was a thoughtful 
reader of good books on all the ranges of knowledge. His library was 
large and stocked with much of the best literature in the different 
departments of learning. Over and through these books he would go 
with the delight of the bibliophile, always exercising his judgment 
upon what he might read, applying the test of criticism to it, and 
holding it in memory with the grip of a master hand. So that his 
mind was full of information gained from communion with the best 
minds, not in the department of medicine alone, but in the various 
branches of science and letters. All this material would come as 
wanted to the surface when he became animated. 



426 HISTDRV <.>I' XKW HAVEN COUNTY. 

But he was also a born obser\-er. He was naturally a scientific 
observer. He delighted in original investigation.' {.What if others 
had seen for themselves, he desired to see for himself. He sought for 
facts, and from the facts worked out principles. He was able to see 
facts as they are, and not as they are sometimes seen, warped and one- 
sided, by reason of a certain wryness or prejudice in the observer. 
And in addition he was able to describe what he observed, and by 
logical thoroughness coine to a wideness of knowledge of which the 
facts were concrete representations. It is seen now that he was natu- 
rally a born scientist, and if his lot had fallen into the lines of the 
scientific schools, he would probably have become a professor of some 
branch of scientific learning, in one of them. 

It will not appear surprising now that he supplied himself with 
meteorological apparatus, and kept a faithful daily record of the rain- 
fall and temperature from tlie year 185G until his death, except during- 
his army life; and even there he indulged his scientific propensity of 
watching and recording much of the time the temperature and humid- 
ity of the atmospere. Yale University took cognizance of his scien- 
tific habits and attainments, and bestowed on him the honorarj- de- 
gree of A. M. in 1872. 

But Doctor Harrison was eminent in this town, not only for his 
skill in medicine and scientific knowledge, but for his public spirit. 
His ideal of town development was considerably beyond any attain- 
ment Wallingford had }'et achieved. He wanted the citizens to beau- 
tify the place of their residence, and hence man}' years ago planted 
the ornamental trees which stretch along the front of his own house 
for quite a distance. He was the first to advocate a borough system 
of water supply, and to his persistent effnrts is mainly due the present 
water works of the town. Besides, he was a principal promoter of 
popular education and the enlargement of the public school system. 
His only difficulty was that his ideal of society was so far in advance 
he could not speedily enough bring his fellow-townsmen up to it. 
They found in him always the advanced, enthusiastic friend of public 
improvements, and took counsel of him accordingly. 

His moral nature was of the stalwart kind, and his judgments were 
always imperative and compulsory upon his conduct. If he must ever 
stand alone to be loyal to his convictions of trutli and duty, he would 
stand there, quite oblivious to what the masses might say, if only he 
could have the approval of his own conscience. He did not leap to 
conclusions, but came to them slowly from a survey of the facts at 
command ; and from tho.se conclusions only new and stronger light 
could move him. Truth in everything as apprehended was his norm 
of life. Hence, when he came to die, his townsmen felt they were 
about to lose one of the chief ornaments and bulwarks of Wallingford 
society. 

He was married three times; June 8th, 18in, to Miss Susan Lewis. 





m. 





HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 427 

of Wallingford, who died September 10th, 1889. One daughter wa.s 
born to them, bearing the mother's name; she lived to the age onh- of 
seventeen years. He was married again June 20th, 186S, to Miss Vir- 
ginia V. Abell, of Franklin, Conn., who died December 27th, 1869. 
And again he was married, in 1885, to Miss Sarah E. Hall, daughter of 
the late Joel Hall, of Wallingford, who survives him. 

His memor}' now lives in the hearts of Wallingford people, only 
as a praise and an honor in the town, which no one has yet inherited. 

George A. Hopson, born in 18r)9, was the only child of Samuel and 
Letitia (Lounsbury) Hopson, grandson of Andrew, whose father 
Samuel, was a .son of Samuel, who was a son of Samuel Hop.son, and 
grandson of John. George A. is a farmer on the farm where four or 
more generations of the family have lived. He was a member of the 
house of representatives in 1884, being the youngest member of that 
body He is vice-president of the State Agricultural Society, a mem- 
ber of Wallingford Grange, No. 33, P. of H., and state lecturer for 
that organization; also councilor Putnam Council, O. U. A. M., and 
a member of the board of selectmen of the town of Wallingford. He 
married Alice M. Trefethen. Their children are F. Mabel and 
Pauline. 

Seymour E. Hotchkiss, born in 1842. in Prospect, is a son of Shelden 
and Sarah Hotchkiss, and grandson of Isaac Hotchkiss. He came to 
Wallingford in 1856, and was several years in the Parker box shop 
at Yale.sville prior to 1881, when he began to work in the bolt and 
rivet shop with his brother, Albert S. Hotchki.ss. The latter was born 
in 1840, and was employed in the bolt and rivet shop at Quinnipiac 
from 1868 till 1877, when he bought the business, with S. Morse as 
partner. One year later Seymour E. Hotchkiss bought out Mr. Morse 
and has since been a partner in the business. The brothers are both 
married. A. S. lives near the works in North Haven and S. E. lives at 
Wallingford, where he holds the office of burgess. 

Joel Hough, born in 1806 and died in 1886, was a son of James, and 
grandson of Joseph Hough. Mr. Hough was a farmer. He married 
Mary, daughter of Silas Rice. She died in 1875, leaving seven chil- 
dren: Cornelia (Mrs. E. C. Hall), Joel R., Susan E., Albert P., James B., 
Alice L. and Rosie. One daughter, Lucy, died. Albert P. and the 
three younger daughters occupy the homestead where their father 
spent his life. 

Elijah J. Hough, born in 1829, is the eldest son of James and Mary 
T. (Rice) Hough, grandson of James, and great-grandson of Joseph 
Hough. Mr. Hough is a farmer, occupying the homestead of his 
father. He is now serving his third term as selectman. He has been 
treasurer of Wallingford Grange, No. 33, P. of H., since its organiza- 
tion. He married Ruth, daughter of vSilas Blakeslee. Their children 
are: Jennie B., married George D. Hall, and has one son: Ilattie B. 
(Mrs. J. N. Barnes), and George E. 



428 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Leverett M. HuBBARn was born in Durham, Conn., April 23d, 
1849. He is the son of Reverend Eli Hubbard, A. M., a graduate of 
Wesleyan University, jNIiddletown, Conn., who had a long and note- 
worthy career in the state of Mississippi, as an educator and minister, 
being- especially distinguished for his eloquence and power as a 
preacher. The mother of Leverett M.,a daughter of Mr. L. W. Leach, 
for many years a leading merchant of Durham, and sister of Honor- 
able L. M. Leach and Honorable Oscar Leach, of Middlesex county, 
died when he was three years of age, and he was brought up in the 
family of his grandparents. His academic education was obtamed at 
the Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass., and the Wesleyan Univer- 
sity, from which latter institution he has received the degree of Master 
of Arts, and among whose sons he holds a distinguished place. His 
legal studies were pursued at the Albany Law School, Albany, N. Y., 
from which he graduated in 1870. He then located for the practice 
of his profession at Wallingford in August of that year. He soon be- 
came marked at the bar, and by the community generally, as a young 
man of fine spirit and rare intellectual endowments. From that time 
he has steadily grown in the confidence and esteem of the public, and 
for many years has held the conspicuous rank he early achieved, being 
among the most respected, widely known and successful lawyers in 
New Haven county. He has been frequently identified with leading 
cases, from some of which he has gained special distinction, notably 
the Hayden-Stannard murder trial, and the trial of Anderson, indicted 
for the killing of Horatio G. Hall. 

From the beginning of his professional career he has maintained 
an office connection in New Haven. For a year he pursued his 
studies with the Honorable Charles Ives, now deceased. From 1874 
to 1877 he was a law partner of Morris F. Tyler, Esq., and since that 
time has been associated with John W. Ailing, Esq. 

Mr. Hubbard was appointed postmaster of Wallingford by Presi- 
dent Grant in 1872, which office he held by successive reappointments 
until the inauguration of President Cleveland in 1885, when, with an 
unexpired commission for three years, he tendered his resignation in 
order that he might devote his entire attention to his profession, 
whose increasing demands had for a number of years made this step 
a near necessity. He administered that office with unusual intelli- 
gence and fidelity, and to the universal acceptance of its patrons, who, 
without respect of party, tendered him upon his retirement a compli- 
mentary banquet, which was widely remarked at the time for its 
elaborateness and the enthusiasm which attended it. 

The late Honorable C. D. Vale, well known through the state as a 
sterling democrat, presided on the occasion, and in concluding a 
very complimentary address, said: " The company has assembled that 
it may go on record in an unmistakable manner that Mr. Hubbard is 




'Sn^ 





HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 429 

beloved and respected by every man in Wallingford whose good 
"wishes are worth having." 

Honorable Georsfe H. Watrous, of New Haven, in writing his 
regrets, said: " I share with you sincerely the desire to honor our 
esteemed friend. I have known him nearly as long as you have, I 
presume. I early learned to believe in him as a man not only of 
superior intelligence, but of great integrity and trustworthiness. My 
knowledge of him has increased my faith in him. Mr. Hubbard has 
not only been a successful postmaster, but he has been in every 
respect a very successful and highly useful member of your com- 
munity. He has already carved his way to the front rank of his pro- 
fession." 

He was a member of the board of school visitors from 1874 to 
1880, and a justice of the peace from 1878 to 1881. He has been 
borough attorney since 1870 and counsel for the town during most of 
the same period. He was one of the projectors of the First National 
Bank of Wallingford, and has been one of its directors since its organ- 
ization; also a director in the Dime Savings Bank since 1884, and is 
now its first vice-president. In 1881 he was elected a trustee of the 
Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass., a position which he has held 
until the present time, and to the discharge of whose duties he has 
brought the same devotion, energy and capacity which have marked 
his career in all the various positions of responsible trust which he 
has occupied. 

Upon the establishment of a borough court for Wallingford by the 
general assembly in 1886, at the earnest solicitation of friends in 
both political parties, and at some disadvantage to his business, Mr. 
Hubbard accepted the position of its first judge, having been elected 
by the unanimous vote of the legislature. In a similar manner he 
has been reelected for each succeeding term, and still continues to 
discharge the duties of that office to the eminent satisfaction of the 
community. 

In 1886 Mr. Hubbard was unanimously nominated for secretary 
of state by the republican party in a convention of more than five 
hundred delegates, and was elected with a larger popular vote than 
any other candidate on the state ticket. It is not too much to say 
that in dignity, ability and enterprise Mr. Hubbard's administration 
as secretary during his term of two years has rarely been equalled 
and never excelled in the history of the state. Among his many 
noteworthy special services in that office, one of the most universally 
esteemed related to his preparation and publication of the first com- 
prehensive and elaborate " Register and Manual of the State of Con- 
necticut " ever issued, a model upon which all subsequent editions 
have been fa.shioned, highly valued for the great variety and accuracy 
of its information, and easily ranking among the most complete things 
of its kind ever compiled. 



430 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Mr. Hubbard has long enjoyed a wide reputation as a speaker of 
unusual force and eloquence, and has been much in demand as 
an orator, especially on patriotic, commemorative and political 
occasions. 

He has been from the beginning of his career actively interested 
in the work of the political organization to which he has been at- 
tached, and in addition to the honors already referred to. was sent as 
a delegate to the national convention which nominated Benjamin 
Harrison for president, and was prominently named as a candidate 
for congress in 188§. 

In religion, his antecedents and early associations were in the 
Methodist Epi.scopal church, to which he is still devoted, although 
since it has no organization in his coinmunity he has, from his first 
residence in Wallingford, been a regular attendant upon the First 
■Congregational church, of which he has been a liberal supporter, and 
in the management of whose affairs he has been prominently iden- 
tified. 

Mr. Hubbard was married May 21st, 1873, to Florence Gazelle, 
daughter of Wooster Ives, of Wallingford, and on her maternal side a 
lineal descendant from Governor Roger Wolcott and from Reverend 
John Davenport of colonial fame. Four children have been born of 
this marriage, all of whom are now living: Georgiana, Samuel Wolcott, 
Leverett Marsden, Jr., and Kenneth Davenport. 

The following items concerning descendants of Doctor John Hulls, 
of the town of Wallingford, have been taken from the genealogy of 
the Hull family in Doctor Davis' excellent " History of Wallingford 
and Meriden": 

The name of Hull appears early in Connecticut, and came from 
Derbyshire, England. The first of the name in Wallingford was Doc- 
tor John Hull (or Hulls, as he wrote his name), who was admitted a 
planter at Stratford in 1661. It is not quite certain whether he came 
from England, or was a son of Richard Hull, of the New Haven col- 
ony. Doctor John Hulls was at Derby in 1668 and at Wallingford in 
1687, where he died December 6th, 1711. He was probably somewhat 
advanced in life when he came to Wallingford. He was married Oc- 
tober 19th, 1672, to Mary Jones, who was probably his second wife. 
After her death he married Rebecca Turner, September 2()th, 1699. 
He exchanged his house and land at .Stratford with Benjamin Lewis, 
for his house and land at Wallingford in 1687. The town of Walling- 
ford set out to Doctor Hulls a tract of land which they supposed con- 
tained 700 acres, lying between the north side of Broad Swamp and 
the Ouinnipiac river. This grant was more than a mile square, and 
was known as Doctor Hulls' large farm. The children of Doctor John 
Hulls were: John. Samuel. Mary, Jo.seph, Benjamin, P^benezer, Richard, 
Jeremiah and Archer. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 431 

John Hull, son of Doctor John, was born in Stratford, March 14th, 

1661-2, married Mary , and settled in the old town of Derby. 

His children were: Deborah, John, Daniel, Miles, Ebenezer, Mary, 
Martha and Priscilla. 

Captain Joseph Hull, of Derby, son of Doctor John Hulls, of Wal- 
lingford, was born in 1668, and married Mary Nichols, of Derby, 
where they lived and died. He was married twice, his second wife's 
name being Hannah, whom he left a widow. His children were: 
Samuel, Joseph, Caleb, Abijah, Archer, Sarah and Mary. 

Doctor Benjamin Hull, son of Doctor John, was born October 7th, 
1672. and married Elizabeth Andrews, December 14th, 1693. She died 
April 27th, 1732. He came to Wallingford with his father in 1687. 
He died March 30th, 1741. His children were: Andrew, Mary, Eliza- 
beth, Damaris, John, Abigail, Samuel, Sarah and Benjamin. 

Ebenezer Hull, son of Doctor John Hulls, of Wallingford, was born 
in 1673, and married May Mix, May 7th, 1706. He died November 
9th, 1709, and his widow, Lydia, administered on his estate. He had 
one child, Hannah, born March 23d, 1708. 

Doctor Jeremiah Hull, son of Doctor John, was born at Derby, in 
1679, and married Hannah, daughter of Samuel and Hope Cook, at 
Wallingford, May 24th, 1711. She died December 11th, 1741. Hedied 
at Wallingford May 14th, 1736. Their children were: John, Moses, 
Tabitha, Hannah, Anna, Jeremiah, Joseph, Patience and Keturah. 

Caleb Hull, son of Captain Joseph and Mary Hull, and grandson of 
Doctor John Hulls, first, was born February 4th, 1695, and married 
Mercy Benham, of Wallingford. May 1st, 1724. She died April 19th, 
1766. He died in September, 1788. In 1710, when Caleb was 14 years 
old. he received from his grandfather. Doctor John Hulls, 100 acres of 
land, deeded to Joseph from Caleb, conditioned that Caleb should 
come and live with him till 21 years old, or until his decease. Doctor 
Hulls died December 6th, 1711. Doubtless Caleb went. The 100 
acres is on record. The children of Caleb Hull were: Sarah, Andrew, 
Mary, Samuel, Joseph, Abijah, Joseph, Caleb, Submit, Patience, Jo- 
seph and Caleb. 

Abijah Hull, son of Captain Joseph and Mary Hull, and grandson 
of Doctor John Hulls, was born in 1697, and married Abigail Harger, 
of Derby, November 20th, 1727. He had two daughters. 

Doctor John Hull, son of Doctor Benjamin and Elizabeth Hull, was 
born October 6th, 1702, and married Sarah Ives, June 21st, 1727. She 
died November 29th, 1760. He married for his second wife Damaris 
Frost, October 20th, 1761. He died May 22d, 1762-3. His children 
were: Zephaniah, John, Elizabeth, Sarah, John, Desire, Sarah, John 
and Amos. 

Captain Samuel Hull, son of Doctor Benjamin and Elizabeth Hull, 
and grandson of Doctor John Hulls, was born September l.st, 1706, 
married Sarah Hall, February 21st, 1733, and settled in Cheshire, 



4;-}2 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

where he died January 17th, 1789, aged 82 years. His wife died June 
11th, 17C3, aged 50 years. His children were: vSarah, vSamuel. Samuel, 
vSarah, Love, Jesse, Benjamin and Levi; the last two by a second mar- 
riage. 

Doctor Benjamin Hull, son of Doctor Benjamin and grandson of 
Doctor John Hulls, first, was born July 6th, 1712, and married Hannah 
Parmalee December 17th, 1735. Their children were: Patience, Phebe, 
Hannah, Doctor Benjamin, Eliakim, Charles, Sybil, Joel, Beda, Lois, 
Asahel and Ephraim. 

Doctor John Hull, son of Doctor Jeremiah and Hannah (Cook) 
Hull, and grandson of Doctor John Hulls, first, was born November 
13th, 1712, and married Mary Andrews October 26th, 1735. He died 
August 15th, 1755. His children were: Sarah, Molly, Sarah, Moses, 
John, Nathaniel, Aaron, Abigail and Hannah. 

Jeremiah Hull, son of Doctor Jeremiah and Hannah (Cook) Hull, 
was born January 5th, 1729, and married Mary Merriman January 18th, 
1753. She died August 22d, 1774, aged 41 years. He died August 24th, 
1790. He was twice married. His children were: Caleb, Jeremiah, 
Samuel, Ann, Benjamin, Levi, Hannah and Eunice. 

Andrew Hull, son of Caleb, grandson of Captain Joseph, and great- 
grandson of Doctor John Hulls, of Wallingford, was born August 23d, 
1720, and married Lowly Cook, daughter of Captain Samuel and Han- 
nah Cook, of Wallingford. He died September 21st, 1774. Mrs. Low- 
ly Hull died about 1785. Andrew Hull owned a large farm near 
Cheshire street, bounded north by the river. His children were: 
Damaris, Lowly, Hannah, Damaris, Andrew, Sarah, Ursula, Mary, 
Esther, vSusan and Lovisa. 

Samuel Hull, son of Caleb, grandson of Captain Joseph, and great- 
grandson of Doctor John, the first, was born March 22d, 1730, and 
married Eunice Cook, daughter of Captain Samuel and Hannah Cook, 
of Wallingford, December 26th, 1753. He died April 27th, 1791. She 
died May 9th, 1803, aged 68 years. Their children were: an infant 
son, Jedediah, an infant son, Samuel, Zephaniah, Epaphras, Eunice, 
Lois, Caleb, Elizabeth, Josephus and Hannah. 

Samuel Hull, son of Jeremiah and Mary (Merriman) Hull, grand- 
son of Doctor Jeremiah and Hannah (Cook) Hull, and great-grandson 
of Doctor John Hulls, first, married Lois Peck and settled on the old 
homestead of his father. He was an enterprising and successful 
farmer in the northern part of Wallingford. His children were: Wil- 
liam, married Alma, daughter of Reuben Hall; Sylvester, married De- 
lilah, daughter of Benajah Morse; and Lois, married Miles, son of 
Ichabod Ives. 

Samuel Hull, .son of William and Alma (Hall) Hull, and grandson 
of Samuel Hull, was born in 1824, and is a farmer, owning and occupy- 
ing the homestead of his father and grandfather. He married Susan 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 483 

A., daughter of Ira Miller, and has two daughters: Elida (Mrs. Horace 
Williams) and Anna (Mrs. Julius Williams). 

Friend Johnson, born in 1807, is a son of Samuel and Polly (Tuttle) 
Johnson, grandson of Ephraim and great-grandson of Reuben John- 
son. Mr. Johnson has been a farmer. He married Harriet Hunt, 
who died leaving one daughter, Mary E., now Mrs. A. J. Smith. She 
first married Captain William M. Whitney, who was lost at sea, leaving 
two sons, William F. and Doctor S. T. Whitney. His second wife was 
Phoebe Yale, and his present wife was Mary M. Carroll. Mr. John.son 
was representative in the legislature in 1849. 

Charles N. Jones, born in 1831, is a son of Street and Mary P. 
TEastman) Jones, grandson of Nicholas and great-grandson of The- 
ophilus Jones. He followed farming until about 1869, when he engaged 
in the grocery and feed business, continuing until 1887. He has been 
a director in the Dime vSavings Bank since its incorporation, and treas- 
urer of it one year. He has been selectman four terms, and has been 
chairman of the board three terms. He married Ellen, daughter of 
John Cook. She died in 1878. leaving four daughters: Mary E., 
Emma A., Sadie C. and Florence B. 

Morton Judd was born in New Britain, Conn., November 5th, 1808. 
Many of the prominent families of the county of New Haven have 
come to their present wealth and social position from the favorable 
opportunities and openings to which they have been led up by the 
business ability and sterling character of parents whose birth goes well 
back to the beginning of the present centur}'. This is true of the 
Judd family, who are the immediate descendants of the subject of this 
sketch. It is not intended to detract a single iota from the independ- 
ent worth and mastery in the world's affairs, of the sons and daugh- 
ters. They have the vigor and business thrift of the best New Eng- 
land stock, but so closely have they been associated with their father 
for many years, and so related is their business industry to what was 
his, that it seems to be only the rich development of what he quietly 
and intentionally introduced them to. The father is perpetuated in 
his sons by an inheritance of business development, as of physiologi- 
cal and moral quality. 

The Judd family of which Mr. Morton Judd is a descendant is one 
of the oldest in the vicinity of New Britain. It is possible to trace the 
ancestry to very honorable position in English biography. The ear- 
liest person who bore the name in the town of Farmington.Conn., was 
Thomas Judd, known as " the emigrant." He was deacon of the First 
church of the Farmington parish. But the immediate ancestors of 
Morton Judd were John and his wife, Ursula (Stanley) Judd, of New 
Britain. He (John) was a blacksmith, and learned his trade of Esquire 
North, who bears the credit of originating the manufacturing ten- 
dency and life of New Britain. Morton Judd was a member of a 
large family of twelve children, the tenth in order of birth. 
27 



434 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

His boyhood was accompanied by no special advantages whatever. 
His .school days ended when he was thirteen years of age. At that 
time the originators of the industrial prosperity of New Britain were 
struggling to lay the foundation, and young Morton Judd felt the influ- 
ence of the life about him, for at the end of his schooling he went into 
a bra.ss foundry to learn the trade of casting bra.ss. 

The succeeding years of Mr. Judd's life, until 1847, were occupied 
chielly in gaining a firm foothold in the manufacturing world. And 
it was not until that year that his ambitions were realized. He in- 
vented a sash fastener, which received the stamp of the Patent Office, 
September 4th, ]cS47. He did not realize at the time how useful an 
article it would prove to be. It was simple in construction and effec- 
tive, and soon began to displace the goods of English manufacture im- 
ported by the trade in builders' hardware. An incident illustrates the 
point. A few years after the manufacture was begun, Mr. Judd tried 
to increase his sales in the New York market. He appealed to a mer- 
chant and received the following reply: " No: I have got §0,000 worth 
of imported fasteners there on my shelves, and I would have .sold all 
of them and as many more if it had not been for your fastener." 

In 1804, Mr. Judd's sons, Hubert L., Albert D. and Edward M., en- 
tered into partnership in New Haven for the manufacture of uphol- 
stery hardware. Two years later Mr. Judd moved to New Haven and 
entered into partnership with his .son, Albert D.,for the manufacture 
of builders' hardware: and out of this movement grew the Judd Manu- 
facturing Company. Mr. judd became president, and the business of 
the company was greatly enlarged. It was continued in New Haven 
until 1870, and then moved to AVallingford, Conn. 

The choice of Wallingford for location, forms a little scrap of Wal- 
lingford history, and as it redounds to the good name of the town 
as a place of residence, it is worth repeating. Mr. Judd's daughter, 
Martha L., found that residence in either New Britain or New Haven 
was attended with peril to her health. The evidences were unmistak- 
able, and Mr. Judd believed that higher ground would be beneficial. 
Hence he sought the main street of the town. It was soon apparent 
that the family health was improved ; at the same time Wallingford 
society was very agreeable. Mr. Judd had been living in the town 
five years at the year 1879, and in moving the factory of the Judd 
Manufacturing Company[it was only natural that it should be moved 
nearer home. 

The busmess was carried on in Wallingford until the year 1887, 
wlien it was bought out by H. L. Judd & Co. of New York — the con- 
summate flowering of the plant set out in Mr. Judd's early manhood. 
For many years the business connections of Mr. Judd have been 
ornamental and without labor rather than active. His name and asso- 
ciation have given character to'the enterprises, rather than demanded 
of iiim pci-.sonal attention. He has lived much at ease in the town on 










^ ^^itwC^^^>^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 435 

its main street; and in the course of years his children" have gathered 
about him and built expensive residences, highly ornamental to the 
town and very helpful to the tax-payers in general. 

Mr. Judd in personal appearance is of medium stature, erect, his 
eye bright and manner animated, and full of sun.shine for the com- 
pany he may be in, while his conversation is as entertaining as ever. 
His step is elastic, and now at the age of nearly eighty-three years he is 
frequently observed to run like a boy. Walking is a pastime, and 
only the mo.st agile of foot better challenge him to contest. His visits 
among his children and neighbors spread the sunshine of a happy, 
humorous nature wherever he goes. The freedom of all the homes of 
the Judd family seems to have been offered him, and he is at home in 
them all — children, servants, horses and carriages only wait to hear 
his desires expressed, and then joyfully fulfill them. 

Mr. Judd is a Christian who does not hesitate to declare his rever- 
ence for things .sacred and his faith in God. In New Britain and in 
the Center Congregational church, which enrolls so much of his family 
histor}', he is known as " Deacon." and so in general called Deacon 
Morton Judd. Not regarding his orthodoxy as exactly the old type, 
he refused the office, but after months of refusal and much urging on 
the part of the Center church people, he accepted the position, and 
wears the title still by the insistance of common love on the part of the 
pari-sh and the town. 

The general favor in which he stands among his neighbors and his 
church betrays the character he bears. And whether in New Britain 
or New Haven or Wallingford, where he has lived the last nineteen 
years, he is spoken of only in terms of esteem and generous praise. 
His charitable efforts have relieved the poor in many a struggle, and 
the unfortunate have risen again by reason of his " Good Samaritan" 
hand. He has borne a willing part in those social activities for good 
ends which contribute in every live community to the general wel- 
fare; and by example and precept has been a distinct builder of social 
and religious worth in society. 

In town and state politics he has been retiring, and yet has been 
pressed forward to the fir.st town offices. He has served the town in the 
general assembly. 

January 26th, 1828, he married !\Iiss Lucina Dunham, of Southing- 
ton, Conn. She was a Christian who might serve as the impersona- 
tion of Solomon's description of the good wife and mother, who 
looked well to the training of her children. Four children were born 
to them: Hubert L., Albert D., Edward M. and Martha L., now Mrs. 
Martin, of Kearney, Neb. But their mother died March 21st, 1853. 
Mr. Judd married, again. Miss Julia Blynn, of Wethersfield, Conn., 
February 21st, 1855. There was born to them one daughter. Miss 
Mary B. Judd, of Wallingford. It is enough to say of the second 
mother that her step-children learned to regard her with filial love 



430 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

and reverence, so fully did she succeed to the mother's place in the 
family. She died November 19th, 1888. 

Mr. Judd's residence is on Main street, Wallingford, where he is 
now (1891) pas.sing the evening of a beautiful closing day. 

William A. Kendrick, son of John and Frances (Edmunds) Ken- 
drick, was born in 1848. He was eleven years in New York, in the 
store of Hall, Elton & Co., and since 1878 has been in the office of G. 
I. Mix & Co., Yalesville. He married Frances, daughter of G. I. Mix, 
and has four children: Clara F., Bessie M., Camilla A. and Jose- 
phine V. 

Jared T. Kimberly, born in 1840, is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth 
(Olds) Kimberly, grandson of Thomas, and great-grandson of Thomas 
Kimberly, who was born in Germany, and was a soldier in the revo- 
lutionary army. He was in the service during the late war from No- 
vember, 18G1, in Company K, 1st California Infantry. Since 1871 he 
has practiced dentistry in Wallingfoixl. He was one term justice of 
the peace, and is a member of Arthur H. Button Post, No. 36, G. A. R. 
He married Charlotte F. Chatfield, and has one son. Jared R. Mrs. 
Kimberly was born in Seymour, Conn., in 1851, and is a daughter of 
Joel R. Chatfield, born at vSeymour, and Mary Tomlinson, born at 
Rutland. Vt. 

Charles N. Lane, born in 1834, is one of six sons of George and 
Janette (Atkins) Lane, and grand.son of Josiah Lane. Mr. Lane served 
in the band of the r)th Connecticut Regiment from June, 1861, to Sep- 
tember, 1862. He reenlisted in March, ISGo, holding a second lieuten- 
ant's commission in Company A, 12th Connecticut A^olunteers,and was 
detailed as leader of the band. He was discharged in August, 1865. 
He is a machinist by trade. In November, 1887, he and his son, C. 
Fred., bought a small news store and ice cream business, which has 
grown to considerable proportions under their management. He is a 
member of Arthur H. Dutton Post, No. 36, G. A. R. He married 
Elizabeth, daughter of Eldridge Morse. Their children are: Edward 
C C. Frederick, and Bessie. 

Josiah W. Lane, born in 1838, is a son of George and Janette (At- 
kins) Lane, and grandson of Josiah Lane. He was in the war from 
Jime, 18G1, to September, 1802, in the band of the 5th Regiment. He 
reenlisted in July, 1863, and was in Harland's Brigade Band until July, 
1865. He opened a store August 31st, 1865, where he built a larger 
one a few years later. He deals in dry goods and groceries. He is a 
member of Arthur H. Dutton Post, No. 36, G. A. R. He married 
Mary E., daughter of Lucien Pomeroy. Their children are Robert 
J. and Emeline E. 

Oscar B. Lane, born in 1840, is a son of George and Janette (Atkins) 
Lane. He was in the United States service during the late war from 
June, 1801, to September, 1802, in the band of the 5th Regiment, and 
from July, 1803, until July. 1805. in Harland's Brigade Band. He is 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 437 

one of five brothers that served in that conflict. Since 1870 he has 
been a clerk in the store of his brother, J. W. Lane. He married 
Mary, daughter of Beach Wilcoxson, and has one daughter, Hattie 
M. He is a member of Arthur H. Button Post, No. 36, G. A. R. 

Walter J. Leavenworth, son of James M. and Julia (Hurd) Leaven- 
worth, was born in Roxbury, Conn., in IS-to, and came to Walling- 
ford at the age of nine years. He was in the employ of Hall, Elton 
& Co. from 1862 until December, 1877, since which time he has been 
in the office of R. Wallace & Sous' Manufacturing Company, and is 
now treasurer and general manager of the company, also president of 
the First National Bank and president and treasurer of the Walling- 
ford Gas Light Company. In September, 1871, he became a private in 
Company K, 2d Connecticut National Guards, and was promoted from 
time to time until February 16th, 1885, when he became colonel of the 
regiment, which position he resigned June 22d, 1889. He married 
Nettie, daughter of Robert Wallace, and they have had four children: 
Clifford W., Isabel, Bessie A. and John W. Isabel died in 1889, aged 
16 years. 

Doctor J.vmes D. McGaughev was born in Greenville, Tenn., 
August 5th, 18-18. a descendant of Scotch-Irish parentage on his father's 
side, and German-English on his mother's. The earliest authentic 
account of his paternal ancestors is found in a written record of his 
grandfather, who states that his grandfather's (the doctor's great-great- 
grandfather'.s) name was William McGaughey, and that his wife's 
maiden name was Elizabeth Lackey, and they came from Scotland be-- 
fore the revolution. They moved from the state of Pennsylvania to 
Holston, near Abingdon, Virginia, but later settled in Greene county, 
Tenn., some time after the revolution. From the latter home they 
removed to Boyd's Creek, East Tennessee, where the wife died in 
1804. The great-great-grandfather then removed to Middle Tennes- 
see, and died near Duck River, about 1810. While living at Boyd's 
Creek he built a stockade, which was known in the early history of 
Tennessee as McGaughey 's Station.* Of their ancestors, the record 
states, but little was known, but it is believed that they were Scotch- 
Irish Presbyterians. 

The maternal grandfather of the doctor's grandfather was John 
Laughlin, and both he and his wife were from Ireland. In his time 
he was a celebrated weaver, and his wife kept a large dairy at their 
home, twelve miles from Abingdon, Va. They were staunch Presby- 
terians and strong supporters of the revolution. 

The great-grandfather, on the doctor's father's side, was Samuel 
McGaughey, who was born in York county, Pa., July 15th, 1763, and 
was nine years old when his father removed to Holston (at that time 
Washington county, Va.) From documents in the Pension Bureau of 
the L^nited States it is learned, from his statements, that, " In the 

*See Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee. 



438 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

spring of 1778 the Indians made war upon the settlement and his 
father was called to serve, but that he took his father's place, as his 
substitute, and served throughout the revolutionary war. He was 
under Captain James Montgomery, in March, 1779, against the Chicka- 
mauga Indians, in the expedition commanded by Colonel Evan Shelby . 
In 1770 he served under Captain John McKee, also in a movement 
against the Indians, as a mountain rifleman. In 1780 he was in Cap- 
tain Andrew Cowan's company, under Colonel Isaac Shelby, all being 
under the command of General Charles McDowell, and marched into 
South Carolina. He was in the engagements on the Tyre river and 
on the Palotell. At the battle of King's Mountain he was in Captain 
John Pemberton's company, in Colonel vShelby's regiment. In 1781 
he commanded a company under General Marion in Colonel John 
Sevier's regiment and was with Marion at the battle of Eutaw 
Springs." 

The records of the grandfather tell us that he had been on fourteen 
different expeditions after the Indians and in a personal encounter 
with one, on the Tennessee river, killed him with a corn knife. 
After the war he was appointed territorial sheriff of his county, by 
John vSevier, and was with Sevier and against Tipton, in the contest 
for the state of Franklin, which existed about one year. He also 
served as one of the commissioners to lay off the county site of Sevier 
county. His home was on a beautiful farm, a mile east of McGaughey's 
vStation. He had a family of five sons and six daughters. This great- 
grandfather and his family helped found the old Urbana church, in 
the upper end of Blount county, Tennessee, and their minister was 
Gideon Blackburn, the great western orator. 

One of the sons of the above. Major John ]\IcGaughey, the grand- 
father of Doctor McGaughey, was born in Greene county, E. T., July 
12th, 1792. His wife, Jane Robertson, was born in the same county, 
January 29th, 1792, and died January 12th, 1864. She was a descend- 
ant of the Robertson who, as an associate of John Sevier, helped to 
organize the first government of the state. Major John McGaughey 
was a clear headed, even-tempered man, but had a fearless disposition. 
Throughout his life he served in many public capacities. He was one 
of the commissioners to treat with the Indians before their removal 
from Tennessee and served as a soldier under Andrew Jackson in his 
Indian campaigns in Alabama and Mi.ssi.ssippi. He was a delegate to 
the convention to revise the constitution of 1796, under which the 
state was first governed, representing Greene, vSevier, Cocke, Munroe, 
Blount and ]\Ic]\Iinn counties. Under the provisions of that constitu- 
tion free persons of color were allowed to vote. This right was taken 
away in the new constitution. Major McGaughey offered an amend- 
ment to restore it, but tlie proposition was voted down, thus doing 
away entirely with free colored suffrage. Although being the owner 
of a very large farm he would never be the owner of slaves and hired 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 439 

all his work done by the day. He also served in both branches of the 
state legislature a number of times. He took a great interest in the 
building of the E. T. &. Va. R. R., from Bristol to Knoxville, using all 
his means to that end, and was a director of the company at the break- 
ing out of the civil war. In that struggle he maintained his character 
as a Jacksonian democrat and stood out straight for the Union during 
the terrible political excitement in East Tennessee in the first two 
years of the war. He died at the old homestead May 20th, 1874, 82 
j'ears of age, and was buried by the side of his wife, at Mount Bethel, 
near Greenville. 

Samuel McGaughey, a son of the foregoing and the father of 
Doctor McGaughey, was born on his father's farm near the Molachucky 
river. May 31st, 1816, and died at his residence at Greenville, Feb- 
ruary 2oth, 1870. He was a wholesale and retail merchant, also doing 
an extensive commis.sion business. His integrity was of the highest 
order and his business capacity was unusually great. The war 
entirely wiped out his large business, but as soon as peace was 
declared, he began anew with increased energy and was rapidly re- 
gaining what he had lost, when he suffered a terrible fall which pro- 
duced concussion of the brain, from which he died in ten days. He was 
a member of the First Presbyterian church and for many years a 
deacon of that body. He had a very liberal mind and great sympathy 
for the poor, always delighting in doing charitable deeds. 

On the side of the doctor's mother, his great-grandfather, Peter 
Burkhart,* came from Germany before the revolutionary war. and 
settled in Frederick county, Md., where his maternal grandfather, 
George Burkhart, was born September 30th, 1775. On SeptemberSth, 
1794, he married his first wife, Hannah Hedge, who bore him five chil- 
dren, and died May 3d, 1801. He married his second wife, Elizabeth 
Castle, January 7th, 1805, who bore him twelve children, the doctor's 
mother being the eleventh. His grandmother, Elizabeth Castle, was 
of English descent, and was born and reared near Frederick City, then 
called Frederick Town, Md. Her birthday was November 25th, 1779, 
and she died at Paperville, East Tenn., July 14th, 1855. The grand- 
father died at the same place June 29th, 1852. They had settled in 
that section of Tennessee in 1806, where Grandfather Burkhart built 
a paper mill, in which was made the first sheet of paper ever manu- 
factured in the state of Tennessee, and for which he received a pre- 
mium of $50. From the location of the mill the place became known 
as Paperville, a hamlet four miles east from Bristol. The onl}^ sur- 
viving member of his family is a son, J. W. Burkhart, of Ruthton, Sul- 
livan county, Tenn., who has preserved the family accounts. 

The mother of Doctor McGaughey, Caroline A. Burkhart, was born 
at Paperville, March 4th, 1821, and died in Atlanta, Ga., January 27th, 

* Orig-inally spelled Burckhardt, but it was abridged by the doctor's grand- 
father to the present form. 



440 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COQNTV. 

1886. She was the mother of eleven children, six sons and two daugh- 
ters of her family surviving her. All reside in the vSouth except the 
doctor, who has been an adopted citizen of Connecticut the past twentj- 
years. The mother of this family was a woman of extraordinary worth 
and piety, and her lovable disposition caused her to be esteemed by 
all who knew her. vShe was an earnest, consistent member of the 
First Presb3'terian church, and was much interested in its welfare. 
The memory of her good deeds remains as a priceless heritage to the 
family left to follow her Christian example, and all the children have 
become useful citizens. 

James D. McGaughey first attended school in ISM in a small boys' 
department, in a young ladies' seminary at Greenville, presided over 
by Mrs. Valentine Sevier, a daughter of Deacon Lyman Cannon, of 
Wallingford. Conn. From this he went to the old Greenville College, 
the oldest institution of learning in the state. In the civil war the 
Third Georgia Battalion of confederate troops was quartered in 
Greenville, to intimidate the inhabitants of the town, two-thirds of 
whom were Unionists. They took the college for a small-pox hos- 
pital and destroyed one of the most valuable libraries in the state, 
and all the apparatus belonging to the college. Determined to pursue 
his studies, he now entered a private school, which was also disbanded 
on account of the hostilities in that section. He next took instruction 
under a private tutor, Robert McCorkle, one of the most thoroughly 
educated men in the state, and pursued his studies under great diffi- 
culties. Some days he was tinable to reach the house of his tutor on 
account of the guerrilla warfare in the streets and the fear that he 
might be impressed into the confederate service by these lawless men; 
but he persevered and continued his studies through all these peril- 
ous times,* and until he entered Jefferson Medical College, at Phila- 

* The impressions of those stormy scenes remain very clear in the mind of 
Doctor McGaughey, from the reading by his father from the Richmond Dispatch 
of the account of the firing upon Fort Sumter, until the last incident of the war. 
He saw the first two Union men hung by General Leadbetter, their crime being 
the burning of the bridges between Greenville and Knoxville, to prevent some 
maneuvre of the confederates. Six or eight more were hung in Knoxville and 
many others were put in prison. He witnessed the battle between the Union- 
ists imder General Alvin C. Gillem and the celebrated cavalry commanded by 
the confederate John H. Morgan. He saw the latter at the head of his troops 
entering town at 4 o'clock Saturday evening, and saw him dead the next morn- 
ing, September 4th, 18G4, at 7 o'clock, while being carried out of town on the 
horse of a federal soldier. His body rested across the saddle in front oi the sol- 
dier, his head hanging down on one side, his feet dangling on the other. A large 
bullet hole in the in ml of the left chest was visible. In the fight in which Mor- 
gan was killed, all of tlic staff but one, Major Hassett, were captured. The pris- 
oners were brought to town under guard, and stood on a corner near the house 
of the doctor's father, where he had a good view of their crestfallen appearance. 
A short time after the battle he also met and talked with Mrs. Lucy 'W'illiams, 
who has been credited with betraying Morgan into Gillem's hands, by riding 
with the information from Greenville to Bull's Gap, Gillem's headquarters, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 441 

delphia, in 1866. He graduated with all the honors of a full-fledged 
Jkl. D. from that institution in 1870, when he practiced his profession 
in East Tennessee one year. 

On the Sth of June, 1871, Doctor McGaughey married Sara V. Can- 
non, 'daughter of Burdett and Juliett (Merriam) Cannon, of Walling- 
ford, who is also a granddaughter of Deacon Lyman and Sally Can- 
non, of the same town. In 1872 they removed _from Tennessee and 
settled permanently in Wallingford, where the doctor has, b}^ his in- 
dustry, worth, and unremitting professional activity and honorable 
life, won the esteem of his fellow men, and has become one of the 
foremost citizens of the town. He manifests in his life the many ex- 
cellent traits of his honorable lineage, being a temperate, straightfor- 
ward Christian member of the community. He has built up an ex- 
tensive and lucrative practice in his chosen profession, and is the med- 
ical examiner for the town of Wallingford and post surgeon for ex- 
emption from military taxes. He is also the examiner for a number 
of other boards and insurance companies. As a member of the Con- 
necticut State and New Haven Count}- ^Medical Societies he has taken 
an active interest, and has contributed papers to current medical 
periodicals. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias and is a member 
of Accanant Lodge of Odd Fellows of Wallingford. His duties to the 
town have not been neglected, and he has served in several offices. 
In 188(1 he represented Wallingford as one of the members of the 
state legislature, and took part in the debate on the final settlement of 
the boundary line between New York and Connecticut, which had 
been in dispute over two hundred years. 

Doctor McGaughey and his wife have had five children ; one son 
and one daughter died in infancy. Three survive — two daughters and 
one son. 

eighteen miles, on a dark, rainy night. That story is entirely mythical, for she 
was out of town that night and did not know anything of Morgan's having been 
in Greenville mitil after the fight the next morning. 

There is one historical fact which the doctor well remembers: The last 
Union flag to wave in public in the South after the war commenced was at 
Greenville, the home of Andrew Johnson and other outspoken loyalists. They 
erected a liberty pole 100 feet high, on which they placed a large and beautiful 
flag, which waved in full sight of the railroad, while over 30,000 confederates 
passed over it, on their way to Virginia. Finallj- the Louisiana Tigers came 
along, stopped their train, cut down the pole and took away the flag, after which 
they made the town feed the whole regiment. Before the door of the doctor's 
father's house, he counted twenty-two muskets, while the men were eating their 
breakfast, and he was greatly tempted to make off with one. 

.\fter the battles of Chickaniauga and Fort Saunders, Longstreet's whole 
force mustered in the town, and his entire staff boarded at the doctor's father's 
house, and he thought it a great favor to be permitted to eat at the same table 
with, what seemed in his boyish eyes, such grand officers as Colonel Fairfax, of 
Virginia ; Major La Trobe, of Baltimore ; Colonel Dunn, of Nashville, and Gen- 
eral Jones, of Georgia. The)' were kind, courteous gentlemen, and won the 
respect of the family by their chivalric behavior. 



442 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

James A. McKenzie, born in ]S42. is a son of William and Mary 
(Hall) McKenzie, and grandson of William McKenzie. ]\lr. McKenzie 
has been wood turner in the Parker box shop at Yalesville for 25 
years. He married Adaline, daughter of Sanford Tuttle, and they 
have three children: William T., Albert S. and Mabel L. 

Aimer I. Martin, youngest son of Henry and Julia (Hall) Martin, 
was born in 1866. He has been in the grocery and grain business 
since April, 1885. Until October, 1888, the firm was Martin Brothers 
(John A. and Aimer I.); since that time Mr. ]\lartin has been alone. 
He is a member of Accanant Lodge, No. 71, I. O. O. F. 

Garry I. Mix, born in 1819, is a son of John and grand.son of John 
Mix. His mother was Olive, daughter of Joel Ives, who lost his right 
arm in the battle of White Plains at the time of the revolutionary 
war. Mr. Mix has been engaged in spoon manufacturing since 1839. 
In 1855 he .started in business for himself at his present location. He 
was state senator in 1868. He was three years captain of the old Con- 
necticut National Guards of Wallingford. He married Almira 
White. Their children are: Eliza (Mrs. Doctor Glenney) and Frances 
(Mrs. W. A. Kendrick). 

John B. Mix, born in 1845, at Cheshire, is a son of William and Mary 
(Gregory) Mix, grandson of John, and great-grandson of John Mix. 
He served in the late war from August, 1862, until July, 1865, in Com- 
pany K, 15th Connecticut Volunteers. Since 1865 he has been a 
buffer of silver ware, and since 1876 he has been contractor for R.Wal- 
lace & Sons. He was representative in 1887. He is a member of 
Compass Lodge, No. 9, F. & A. M., and of Arthur H. Button Post, No. 
36, G. A. R. He was sergeant in the Wallingford Militia Company 
six years. He married Emily E., daughter of Lyman N. Hull, grand- 
datighter of Willis, and great-granddaughter of Doctor John Hull. 
They have one daughter, Grace B., and have lost one, Lilian. 

William N. Mix, son of William and Mary (Gregory) Mix, grand- 
.son of John, and great-grandson of John Mix, was born in 1843, in 
Cheshire, Conn. Mr. Mix served during the late war from July, 1861, 
to July, 1865, having reenlisted as veteran in January, 1864. He was 
discharged as first sergeant of Company A. 5th Connecticut Volunteer 
Infantry. He was one of the organizers of the militia company here, 
and held different offices for nine years, when he retired as captain. 
He is a member of Arthur H. Dutton Post, No. 36, G. A. R., and was 
the first commander. He is a member of Compass Lodge, No. 9, F. 
& A. M., and treasurer and collector of the Episcopal church. He 
married Catharine S., daughter of Frederick A. Rich. Their children 
are: Edith F., Herbert G., William E., John V. and Dorothy G. Mr. 
iSIix has been superintendent for the Simpson Nickel Silver Company 
since July, 1887. 

Lyman H. Morse, born in 1783, and died in 1878, was a son of 
Captain Joel Morse. He married Sally Francis, who was the mother 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 443 

of twelve children, five of whom are living: Sarah E., Emily M., Car- 
oline E.. Mary A. and Amos. One son. Henry L., died November 
10th, 1890. One daughter, Elizabeth H., lived in New Haven. Caro- 
line E. married Selden D. Dowd, who was born in 1831. He enlisted 
in 1862 in Company K, loth Connecticut Volunteers, and died in a 
rebel prison in November, 18G4. They had two daughters: Lula A., 
who died, and Ella H. 

William J. Morse, born in 1839, is a son of Samuel and Betsey E. 
(Doolittle) Morse, grandson of Theophilus, who was a son of Ebenezer, 
whose father, Theophilus, was a son of Samuel, he a son of John, and 
he a son of John ^Morse, who came from England in 1639, and in 1670 
came to Wallingford. Mr. Morse was a soldier from August, 1862, 
until July, 186.5, in Company K, 15th Connecticut Volunteers. He was 
then engaged in various business enterprises until 1880, when he took 
charge of the work for the Maltby, Stevens & Curtiss Company as con- 
tractor, and continued eight years. He is now doing a general insur- 
ance bu-siness. Since January, 1889, he has been water commissioner, 
is president of the town board of health, justice of the peace, and 
holds other minor offices. He is pa,st commander of Arthur H. Button 
Post, No. 36, G. A. R. His first wife was Frances J. Addis, and his 
present wife was Catharine H. Maher. They have two children: Flora 
E. and Willie M. 

Michael O'Callaghan, born about 1839, in Cork, Ireland, is a son of 
John O'Callaghan. He came to America in 1857, and after residing 
two years in Wallingford went to Australia, where he remained for 
thirteen years, when he returned to Wallingford, where he now resides. 
Mr. O'Callaghan is a thorough farmer, an experienced wool grower 
and wool sorter and an excellent judge of sheep and cattle. While 
in Australia he was for nine years the manager of Molka station, 
Murchison. He has been on the board of water commissioners since 
1883, and is now its chairman. He was four years on the board of 
relief, and was representative one term, 1889-90. He married Bridget 
Dailey for his first wife, and his present wife was Lizzie Colbart. They 
have two children: Bridget and John M. 

Joel H. Paddock, youngest of .seven children of Charles and Eliza- 
beth D. (Hall) Paddock, and grandson of Samuel Paddock, was born 
in 1849. He came from Meriden to Wallingford in 1871, where he 
has since been a farmer. His farm suffered severely by the tornado 
of August, 1878, being damaged to the amount of $2,000. Mr. Pad- 
dock is a member of Accanaut Lodge, No. 71, L O. O. P., and a charter 
member of Wallingford Grange, No. 33, P. of H. He married Dela- 
phine, daughter of Elizur and Eunice G. (Nettleton) Hall. Their 
children are: Jennie D. and Grace D. 

General W. R. Pease, born in 1831, at Utica, N. Y., is a son of John 
and Louisa (Bartlett) Pease. In July, 1851, he entered the United 
States Military Academy at West Point, graduating four years later. 



444 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

He served on the frontiers until 1862, when he was commissioned 
colonel of the 117th Regiment New York Volunteers. He was 
brevetted major U. S. Army in May. lcS68, for gallant and meritorious 
conduct in the .seige of Suffolk, Va., and brigadier general for gallant 
and meritorious services during the war. He is on the retired list of 
the army for disabilitv in the line of duty. His first marriage was 
with Rowena C, daughter of Reverend Hart F. Pease, of Brooklyn, 
N. Y. His present wife was Frances E. Strickland. They have one 
son, Robert W. Pease. 

George J. Peers, born in ISiiS. in England, is a son of John M. 
Peers. He came from England to Wallingford in 1868, and choosing 
the trade of his father, he opened a blacksmith shop in March, 1878, 
since which time he has been serving the people of Wallingford in 
that line of work. He married Kittie E. Robin.son and has one 
daughter, Jennie M. He is a member of Compass Lodge, No. 9, F. 
& A. M. 

Frank W. Phelps, son of Chester Phelps, was born in 1852, at 
Northampton, Mass. He came to Wallingford in April, 1875, and for 
seven years was a partner with L. M. Phelps in the stove and tin ware 
business, firm of L. M. & F. W. Phelps. In 1882 they dissolved part- 
nership and divided the business, and Frank W. has continued the 
branch store on North Colony street. He is a member of Accanant 
Lodge, No. 71, L O. O. F. He married Sarah L. Hastings, of .South 
Decrfreld, Mass. 

L. M. Phelps, born in 1841, in Northampton, Mass., is a son of 
vSpencer Phelps. He came to Wallingford in 1875, and established 
the hardware, stove and plumbing business which he has since con- 
tinued. He was two years a member of the court of burgesses. He 
was in the late war as a nine months' man in Companj- C, 52d Massa- 
chusetts Volunteers. He is a member of Arthur H. Dutton Post, No. 
86, G. A. R., of Accanant Lodge, No. 71, L O. O. F., and of Com- 
pass Lodge, No. 0, F.& A. M. He married Jennie Hastings, of South 
Deerfield, Mass. 

John J. Prior, son of Daniel Prior, opened a store for the sale of 
boots, shoes, hats, caps and mens furnishing goods in October, 1888, 
where he is now conducting the business. 

Joel Rice, born in 1829, is the only surviving son of Joel and 
Lucretia (Yale) Rice, grandson of James, and great-grandson of James 
Rice. Mr. Rice followed the sea from 1846 to 1886, and was master 
of vessels after 1859. He married Lydia, daughter of Alfred Parker, 
and has one daughter, Mary L. 

Augu.stus F. Rich, son of Frederick A. and Catharine (Halli Rich, 
and grandson of Harvey Rich, was born in 1887. He is one of eleven 
children, ten of whom are living. He is a spoon maker, and was 
foreman for Hall, Elton & Co., for 20 years, and eight years for the 
Maltby, Stevens & Curtiss Co. He married ]\Iary A., daughter of 
Albert Ward. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 445 

William S. Russell, M. D., born September 7th, 1858, is a son of 
Henry, and grandson of Lewis Russell. He was a student in French's 
school at New Haven, prior to entering Yale, where he was graduated 
in 1880. After studying one year in the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons of New York, and practicing in the New Haven Hospital 
one year, he opened practice in Wallingford in July, 1882. He is a 
member of both state and county medical societies. He married 
Eliza C, daughter of Edward Hall, of Auburn, N. Y. 

Luther B. Scranton, born in 1847, in North Branford, is a son of 
Martin and Sally (Thomas) Scranton, and grandson of Torry Scran- 
ton. He has been a wagon maker since 1870. In 1873 he came to 
North Farms,Wallingford, where he started business, and in October. 
1884, he came to his present place of business near the depot. He 
is a member of Accanant Lodge, No. 71, I. O. O. F. He married 
Martha J., daughter of Nelson T. Crowell, and has two daughters, 
Grace I. and Alice L. 

Samuel Simpson was born in Wallingford, Conn., April 7th, 1814. 
Mr. Simpson resides on Main street, in the center of the borough of 
Wallingford, where for more than 5o years he has been known as one 
of the most prominent and prosperous business men, and has been 
honored for his business thrift and ability, his integrity and high 
character. Yet the omens attending his boyhood were not propitious, 
unless an honest, industrious, judicious and aspiring nature be counted 
in. He inherited these qualities, but not wealth or social eminence. 
His parents were estimable people, who gave to the society of their 
day a quality of excellence and solidity, but in 1806, like other Con- 
necticut farmers, they purchased land in the Western Reserve of 
Ohio, thirty miles from physician or store or mill. Emigration thither 
was made in the primitive manner of travel by oxen and horses. But 
Mr. Simpson lived on his western farm only five years, for residence 
wrought severely against his wife's health, and they returned to W"al- 
lingford. Their slender fortune was considerably curtailed by the 
expensive moving to and fro and change of residence; and Samuel, 
the youngest of their seven children, went from home at the age of 
eleven years to work for a physician as ofifice and chore boy. But evi- 
dently he was not to become a physician. Two years only did he re- 
main in the employ of Doctor Gaylord. At about fifteen years of age 
he was apprenticed to Charles Yale, of Yalesville, for a term of five 
years. At the close of the term he became journeyman in the same 
shop, and very soon foreman, in the manufacture of Britannia ware. 
He continued in this position until January 1st, 1835, when, by dint 
of economy, he had saved of his earnings about two hundred 
dollars. 

W^e have been minute in the sketch of Mr. Simpson thus far, for 
it is both interesting and informing to watch the progress of a young 
man at the beginning of his career, for then usually his quality will 



446 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

appear. Mr. vSimpson was now ready for independent business, and 
in partnership with another purchased Mr. Yale's Britannia ware in- 
dustry. We cannot enumerate in detail the vicissitudes of Mr. Simp- 
son's career before he became permanently settled in the great indus- 
tries, whose development was determined so largely by his discriminat- 
ing judgment and business ability. For a series of years change was 
as typical of that career as was success. In 1S47 he sold out his 
Britannia and tin ware busine.ss, and soon after purchased the old 
flouring, wool carding and cloth dressing mills of Wallingford, known 
as the Humiston mills. 

Just now experiments were making in the plating of metal by 
electricity, and Mr. Simpson was a pioneer plater, and probably the 
earliest manufacturer in this country to apply the process to hollow 
ware. The mills just purchased were soon fitted for the manufacture 
of electro-plated silverware. But January 1st. 18o4, this industry was 
merged in the Meriden Britannia Company, then one year old, Mr. 
Simpson becoming one of the directors and largest stockholders of the 
company. He now formed a partnership with his neighbor, Mr. Rob- 
ert Wallace, under the firm style of R. Wallace & Co., for the manu- 
facture of nickel silver spoons and forks, and leased the new concern 
a part of the Humiston mill property. This was a partnership limited 
to ten years, and the Meriden Britannia Company, which afterward 
became a partner, entered into contract to take the goods manu- 
factured. At the close of the ten year period, in 1865, Messrs. Simp- 
son and Wallace formed a joint stock company, under the title of 
Wallace, Simpson & Co., the capital stock being placed at $100,000. 
Mr. v'simpson was chosen president. It was at this time that the ex- 
tensive plant located at the old Humiston site, dates its greatly in- 
creased growth. The next year, 1866, Mr. Simpson organized a new 
company, with the title of Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co., locating the 
factory for the manufacture of electro-plated silver ware on the east 
side of the village of Wallingford. Mr. Simpson became president of 
the new company. In 1871 he sold his interest in the joint stock con- 
cern of Wallace, Simpson & Co. to his partner, and organized the 
vSimpson Nickel Silver Company to manufacture nickel silver goods. 
Air. Simpson was chosen president also of this company. 

This outline of the more important industries in which Mr. Simp- 
son has been a chief factor, gives evidence of his superior busine.ss 
ability already asserted. They absorbed a great deal of capital, and 
have employed many hands. And while able executive men have 
been a.ssociated with him in the development of these industries, it is 
beyond dispute that he has been the guiding genius and power, con- 
trolling and mapping out the lines of advances. 

When his fifty years of business life had passed in the town in 
1885, he thought to celebrate the event by inviting his coadjutors and 
business a.ssociates to a banquet. But no sooner was the festival 



HISTOKV OK NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 447 

placed in the hands of his friends than they made the event, not sim- 
ply an occasion of mutual congratulation among those who had been 
pleasantly associated for business in the town, but an ovation for him- 
self ; and not before did Mr. Simpson have any suspicion of the .sort 
of person he was. He has since hardly known how to explain the 
happenings of that evening. 

It is often a little surprising that men who control in chief part 
great private industries can find time for public duties. But the 
power to do the one seems to include the time as well as the power to 
do the other. Mr. Simpson is naturally very public spirited, taking 
pride in public works and improvements. Indeed, it is the testimony 
of his fellow-townsmen that he is quite without a peer in the promo- 
tion of public werks and the development of Wallingford, though his 
modesty or his unassuming nature does not allow him to think of 
himself as anything more than the ordinary citizen. He has been 
frequently called out to serve in various town offices, and has been a 
leader in the development and perfecting of the school system and 
the fire department of Wallingford. 

Mr. vSimpson also aided greatly in establishing the Dime Savings 
Bank of Wallingford in 1871, and has since been its president. In 
1881 the First National Bank of Wallingford was chartered, and he 
became its president. Besides, at the founding of the First National 
Bank of Meriden, he subscribed for one-tenth of the stock, and has 
since been a director. 

Mr. Simpson's political afBliations have always been with the Dem- 
ocratic party, of which he has been a distinguished representative. 
He was chosen to the general assembly of^the state in the years 1846, 
'59, '65 and '79. He has served his party in the most prominent coun- 
sels, whether state or national. 

In religion, Mr. Simpson is an Episcopalian and a member of St. 
Paul's church of Wallingford. He has borne the interests of Chris- 
tianity as manifest in his church with a fatherly love and pride. For 
more than thirty years he has been the senior warden, and during all 
his business life a principal supporter. His wisdom and devotion 
have borne the affairs of the parish through hard places. His gener- 
ous feeling is known throughout the parish, while the poor and the 
suffering have constantly received relief^from his warm-hearted char- 
ity. And it is not too much to say that himself and his family are 
not only greatly respected in all the town, but genuinely beloved. 
His wealth and influence have seemed to him to be sacred trusts, and 
he must be the faithful steward both for righteousness' sake and for 
the account of his stewardship he must give some time. 

Mr. Simpson was fortunate in choosing a kindred spirit for his 
•companion — Miss Martha De'Ette Benham, of Cheshire, Conn. They 
were married July 6th, 1835. She was the daughter of Joseph Ben- 
ham, whose ancestor of the same name was one of the original "plant- 



448 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ers" of Walliiagford. Six children have been born to them, four sons 
and two daughters, five of whom have passed away — Samuel Augus- 
tus, George Williams, Martha De Ette, Willis Dnryee and Samuel 
George. Their mother, Mrs. vSimpson, has erected a fine chapel, "St. 
Paul's Parish Building," in connection with the family church, as a 
religious memorial to them. The surviving daughter is Mrs. Eliza- 
beth Malinda, wife of Gurdon W^. Hull, who reside with the pai'ents 
in the spacious homestead, where the comforts and lu.xuriesof life are 
plentiful. 

F. C. Slate, born in 1840, in Franklin county, ^lass., is a son of 
Chauncey J. Slate. He has been a merchant since 1878, and in 1883 
he came to Wallingford and established the dry goods business which 
he is now conducting. He married Hattie A. Lewis, who died in 
1889. 

Fred. H. Smith, born in 18.o2, at Brasher, N. Y., is a son of 
Stephen and Harriet (Ober) Smith. He came to Wallingford in 1878. 
He was for eleven years a traveling salesman, and since 1884 has 
been carrying on the grocery business. He married Ida E., daughter 
of Asahel Talmage, and has one son, Leslie F. 

George A. Smith, son of Charles A. Smith, was born in Hartford in 
1800. He was a drug clerk for eight years in Waterbury, and in 
January, 1882, he came to Wallingford and purchased a drug business 
of H. C. Goddard, and moved it to his present store, corner of Colony 
and Centre streets. He has been first assistant engineer of the fire 
department three years. He is a member of Compass Lodge, No. 9, 
F. & A. M. 

John P. Stevenson, son of Francis Stevenson, was born in 1860, at 
Clinton, Mass. He has been in the clothing business since 1876, and 
since 1883 at Wallingford. He is a member of the New England 
combination clothiers. He married Sarah L., daughter of Trumball 
and Jo.sephine (Harrison) Jones, and granddaughter of Street Jones. 
They have one daughter. Josephine. 

Colonel B. R. Townsend is a son of Nathaniel Townsend. He was 
a florist and market gardener at Austin, Texas, until 1877, when he 
came to Wallingford, where he has since been a farmer. In August, 
1802, he enlisted in the First U. S. Sharpshooters, was afterward 
transferred to the 12.">th N. V. \^olunteer Infantry as second lieutenant. 
Company D, then first lieutenant of Company F. After having been 
appointed major of 2d U. S. Colored Infantry, he was promoted to 
lieutenant colonel, and subsequently colonel, which rank he held when 
the regiment was discharged in January, 1866. He is a member of 
Wallingford Grange, No. 83, P. of H. He married Alice F., daughter 
of Reuben B. and Catharine L. (Perry) Merriman. They have three 
children: Frederick P., Edward B. and Alice. 

Captain B. A. Treat, was born in 1842, at Oxford, Conn. He grad- 
uated from Cheshire Academy and from the normal school, and after 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 44'J 

teaching two years, began the wheel manufacturing business, which 
he has followed since that time. He is now president and treasurer 
of the Wallingford Wheel Company. He was captain of Company K, 
2d Regiment, Connecticut National Guards, six years, until he resigned 
in 18S8. He was six years warden of the borough, and representf.tive 
in the legislature two years, 1888-9. He is also shell fish commis- 
sioner. He married Sarah Hill, and has six children: Charles C, 
Emma A., Eddie B., Kittie I., Frank L. and Marion A. 

Robert W.a.llace, manufacturer, was born in Prospect, Conn., 
November IBth, 1815. The two great branches of Anglo-Saxon stock 
on the soil of Great Britain, the Scotch and the English, are united in 
him. His father, James Wallace, though a small farmer of Prospect, 
had floating along his ancestry the heroic traditions and deeds of 
Scottish history, while his mother bore the name of Urania Williams, 
a name well embedded in English history and life. 

It would be difficult to find a finer illustration' of life-long, steady, 
persistent attention to business than Mr. Wallace. Many attempts 
have been made to turn him aside, many allurements have been 
thrown before him, such as entice most other men, but none of them 
have moved him in all his life from his single aim of being a first- 
class and foremost manufacturer in his special line of goods. He has 
been for many years one of the heaviest tax-payers in the town of 
Wallingford, and it has been the desire of many of his townsmen that 
he should serve them in official capacity, and receive the honors of 
the town, but he has as steadily withdrawn himself from all appear- 
ance of notoriety, and preferred his daily business routine to political 
emoluments. 

His gathered wealth has given him the opportunity, and his large 
acquaintance might have furnished the incentive of movement in 
public in a showy style, but he has eschewed it all, purposely avoiding 
it and preferring to be, among his fellow-men, a great deal more than 
seeming to be. His tastes are as simple to-day as they were when he 
was only 18 years of age, and hired an old grist mill in Cheshire and 
began the manufacture of spoons on his own account. 

He had been working in his Cheshire mill only about a year when 
one of those events happened which we call good fortune, and no 
doubt there is such a thing as good fortune, but it may be doubted 
whether it is very common, except it is accompanied by good sense. 
It takes eood sense to detect grood fortune. Mr. Wallace met a New 
Haven patron at that time, and was shown a spoon made from a metal 
new to both of them. It was called German silver. What was its 
compounding? — never a conundrum was more puzzling. But an ana- 
lytic chemist, Doctor Louis Feuchtwanger, was known to have brought 
a small bar of it from Germany, and he was appealed to to unravel 
the mystery. Mr. Wallace purchased the bar, carried it to Water- 
bury, had it rolled, and from this bar made four dozen spoons. 
28 



450 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

But a second good fortune followed the first, and it was equalh' 
detected by the good sense of Mr. Wallace. He met a gentleman in 
Waterbury who had recently come from England, and had brought 
with him the recipe for making German silver. Mr. Wallace pur- 
chased it for $25. It was at this period that he moved his simple ma- 
chinery from the Cheshire grist mill down on the Quinnipiac, below 
Wallingford, and there prepared for the manufacture of spoons and 
flat ware on a more extended scale. Nickel was procured, copper 
also, and zinc, and the compounding of German silver was first done, 
in this country, in Wallingford, in the factory of Robert Wallace and 
under his supervision, in 1834. 

We reach a point now, 1854, twenty years in advance. It is a con- 
venient position from which to look back on the manufacturing busi- 
ness of Mr. Wallace. The industry has grown greatly, both in the 
variety and the output of goods. We notice the new and improved 
machinery — the product of the manufacturer's invention. We notice 
the methodical manner in which the work is done, a very picture in 
method of the manufacturer himself. All goods in process of making 
must be handled in the easiest, quickest manner, and the manner 
must be perpetuated, for the workmen will then become skillful and 
quick in it, and here profits accrue to the business. 

But the year 1865 was one of great enlargement in the business. 
For the last ten years the capital stock had been only $1,200 in 1855, 
and $14,000 a little later, and now it was raised to $100,000, and the 
name taken for the combination was Wallace, vSimpson & Co. The 
size of the factory was now greatly enlarged, and its capacity for 
manufacturing more than correspondingly increased. But in 1871 
Mr. Wallace purchased the interest of his individual partner, Mr. 
Simp.son, and with two of his sons formed the new company of R. 
Wallace & vSons Manufacturing Company, one third of the stock being 
held by the Meriden Britannia Company. The factory had now added 
a long list of articles to those already manufactured, and in great va- 
riety of design — sterling goods, high grade nickel-silver plated ware, 
both flat and hollow, and a variety of novelties. 

But there was still another advance to be made. Might there not 
be found a le.ss bulky, lighter, but firmer and more elastic basis for 
silver plated ware. What of steel ? And after patient experiment 
Mr. Wallace made it work. A new company was formed, still work- 
ing within the old, of himself, his sons and sons-in-law, under the style 
of Wallace Brothers. 

The factory is now the largest in the world devoted to the manu- 
facture of flat table ware. In all its departments it consumes from two 
and a half to three tons of steel per day, and about one and one-half 
tons of nickel silver. It has selling houses in New York and Chicago, 
and is never idle for the want of orders to fdl. The officers who man- 




ti^^Trr^-^^^t^-T-^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 451 

age its business have been schooled by the founder of the great in- 
dustry, and are, in fact, members of his own family. 

Mr. Wallace has given an example of sterling integrity, business 
enterprise, perseverance, indomitable will and teen forethought to his 
townsmen, and is held in high esteem by them. He has a warm, gen- 
ial temperament, that may flash for a moment into vivid pyrotechnics 
and startle the workmen, but the next hour be, as in general, velvety 
as a fresh lawn. The appeals for charity are never turned aside. His 
family are provided with sittings in church and urged to fulfill zeal- 
ously the duties of church life as becoming to man and due to his 
Maker. His large, well furnished home on Main street, Wallingford, 
is always open to his friends, and he is happy when his family and 
they are happy. 

March 22d, 1839, he was married to Miss Harriet Louisa Moulthrop, 
of North Haven, Conn., a lady singularly suited to him for mutual 
companionship. Previous to 1879 he lived near his factory, but in that 
year purchased his present residence on Main street, and there Mrs. 
Wallace died, January 19th, 1884, beloved by friend and neighbor. 
A family of ten children have been born to them, of whom eight are 
living. One son died in infancy, and another, William J., at thirty 
years of age. The living are Mrs. Adeline Morris and Mrs. Nettie A. 
Leavenworth, of Wallingford ; Robert B. Wallace, of Brooklyn ; 
Hattie E. Wallace and Henry L. Wallace, of Wallingford ; Mrs. Adela 
C. Sisson, of New York ; George M. Wallace, of Chicago, and Frank 
A. Wallace, of Wallingford. 

Dwight Williams died in 1874, aged 45 years. He was a farmer, 
and for two years prior to his death was postmaster at East Walling- 
ford, and since his death Mrs. Williams has held the office. Mr.Will- 
iams married Sarah A., daughter of Captain Horace Lamphere, of 
Branford. Their children are: Julia (Mrs. D. M. Foot), L Bessie (Mrs. 
J. E. Beller), Horace S., Sarah E. (Mrs.W. A. Stevens), Julius D., Meta 
F. (who has been station agent at East Wallingford since August, 
1885), and Grace W. One daughter, Lizzie A., died the same week 
that her father died. 

Newton C. Wooding, son of David A. and Flora Wooding, grand- 
.son of David, and great-grand.son of John Wooding, was born in 1831. 
He was a contractor and builder from 1866 until his death. He was 
a member of the firm of Fenn & Wooding until 1884, when Mr. Fenn 
died. Mr. Wooding died May 12th, 1891, and the business is continued 
by his son, Charles F. Wooding. Newton C. Wooding was a member 
of Accanant Lodge, No. 71, I. O. O. F., and was a trustee in the 
Baptist church for fifteen years. He married Julia Fenn. Their 
children are: John N., Fannie J., Nellie E., Charles F., Mary E. and 
Benjamin H. 

Chakles D. Yale was born in Meriden, Conn., April 23d, 181U. 
A long, honorable and successful career came to its ending March 



452 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

30th, 1890, when Mr. Yale departed this life. He was widely known, 
but principally in the two states of Connecticut and Virginia, where 
political relations brought him into public notice and acquaintance 
with many leading minds. When he died a nature of no ordinary 
quality ceased its activities. The grief occasioned by this sad event 
was general and profound. 

He was the son of Charles Yale, a pioneer in the manufacture of 
Britannia and tin ware. vSeveral men who at this writing (1891) are of 
the older people of the two communities, Wallingford and Meriden, 
were boys then, and in his factory learned the art of manufacturing 
Britannia ware. Soon after the year 1810 this pioneer manufacturer 
purchased the old mills at the upper falls on the Ouinnipiac river, 
known as Tyler's Mills. He remodelled the inner construction of 
the old mills, and repaired them for the manufacture of Britannia and 
tin ware, and changed the name of the district to Yalesville, a well 
known village about three miles south of the city of Meriden. Here 
Charles D.,the son of Charles Yale, spent the early part of hisboyhood 
days, attending school. His education was pttrsued in the comtuon 
school and academy and high school. 

But at the early age of sixteen years it was deemed best that he 
should go to Richmond.Va., to assist in the management of his father's 
business in that city. At a later period he entered business on his own 
account in the city of Richmond, and there opened a store for general 
inerchandi.se and the sale of a variety of goods of his own manufac- 
ture. Success attended his efforts from the. start. In the year ISCOhe 
had built and occupied one of the largest warehouses in that city. 
When the war commenced Mr. Yale had ama.ssed a competence, and 
in an eminent degree he possessed the confidence, respect and esteem 
of his fellow citizens for his integrity of character, rare intelligence 
and fine business ability. He continued his residence in Richmond 
during the terrible struggle of the war, the close of which found him 
prepared to promptly resume active business again m his store. He 
was a prominent business man in the city and in the state. 

And now, in the events succeeding at the close of the war, in 
which Mr. Yale was a prominent actor, we can see quite distinctly his 
individuality. He became a member of the council of the city of 
Richmond, and as both his nature and cultured manhood were appar- 
ent he was put forward and counselled with for the best interest of the 
city and state. Besides, by birth and general makeup he was suited 
to those mediations needful to the trying times of reconstruction in 
Virginia. He was a democrat in politics, but born in the North, and 
his democracy was of the best patriotic type. And as to his tempera- 
ment and address, he was eminently a leader of men, and a peace- 
maker between parties at variance. He was such a man as all parties 
want on their side, and while only one could have him, others seem to 
think .scarcely any the less of him for that. He was as broad in 




Jy^..:^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 453 

opinion and charity and as genial in manner as he was engaging in 
presence. Hence, he was one of the men placed on frequent com- 
mittees mediating between Washington and Virginia, while Virginia 
was working back into full reconstruction in the Union. And when 
leaders in political life in Virginia were sharing a common anxi'ity for 
the welfare of the state, lest the political adventurers who were plen- 
tiful in those days should get control of the government, Mr. Yale 
was the man of all others to stand on the steps of the Capitol in Rich- 
mond, in the presence of a great multitude of citizens, and in an elo- 
quent, graceful speech introduce Honorable Gilbert C. Walker as a 
candidate for governor of the state. Mr. Walker was not only nomi- 
nated, but elected. This election was an epoch in the history of Vir- 
ginia, for it was the first election of state officers by the people of the 
state after the close of the war. The reconstruction of Virginia to 
complete federal relations soon followed this event, and was in direct 
consequence of it. 

j\Ir. Yale was also for several months, by appointment of Chief 
Justice Chase, foreman of the grand jury of the United States District 
Court of Virginia. He was also treasurer of the committee in behalf 
of the Peabody fund for the establishing of normal .schools in the 
city of Richmond, and to him much credit is due for his services in 
the establishment of the public school system of Richmond. 

Mr. Yale lingered in Virginia long enough to see the old state 
brought back into the Union. Then he began to think of gathering 
together a part of his property and returning to his home state to live 
among his early friends and old associations. He moved to Walling- 
ford. Conn., in 1S71. There he found business relations. The silver 
plate company of Simpson, Hall, Miller & Co. had been organized. 
The opportunity was given Mr. Yale to purchase a considerable 
amount of the capital stock of the company, and he did so. Mr. Yale 
was treasurer of the company from 1871 until the early part of 1887, 
when he retired from active business life. His two sons, Charles B. 
Yale and G. Selden Yale, had charge of the store of the company in 
New York city until the latter part of 1886. 

Mr. Yale was for several years president of the Silver Plated Ware 
Manufacturers' Associations; and in their meeting at Meriden, Conn., 
May 1,5th, 1890, the associations expressed their regard for his memory 
in these words: 

" Voted: That the Silver Plated Ware Manufacturers' Associations 
have learned with regret of the death of their former President, 
Hon. Charles D. Yale of Wallingford, Conn., and that they recall 
with pleasure the many pleasant characteristics that endeared him 
to all members, and de.sire to record their high appreciation of his 
character as an associate in business and as a Christian gentleman. 

" Voted: That the above resolution be placed on the minutes and 
a copy thereof sent to the sons of the deceased." 



454 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In Wallingford society Mr. Yale distinguished himself as he had 
done in Richmond society. It was not his wealth which gave him 
position, but his noble, attractive, genial manhood. His courtly 
affability everywhere, and his evident breadth and practicalness of 
idea, made him known, and the more widely he was known, the more 
widely he was loved. Nature had bestowed upon him rich gifts of 
intellect, as of soul, language, speech, the power to collocate words in 
elegant sentences to clothe ideas, an abundance of which he never 
lacked, in the rich, royal garb of choice rhetoric, delightful to hear, — 
a gift he possessed in unusual degree. Hence he could make a speech 
of the finished, eloquent sort, or write an elegant letter. He made an 
admirable presiding officer at public gatherings. 

In the town politics of Wallingford, Mr. Yale was frequently called 
out to serve his townsmen in office. He represented them in the gen- 
eral assembly in the years 1874 and 1878. He also represented the 
Sixth vSenatorial District in the state senate in the years 1875, 1883 
and 1884. He was chairman of important committees in the senate 
and in the house. In 1884 he was his party's candidate for president 
pro tcin. of the senate. Mr. Yale took an active and prominent part in 
these sessions, in shaping legislation, and was ever ready and effective 
in the advocacy and debate of all measures he deemed essential to 
the welfare of the people. His services — able and distinguished — in 
both branches of the state legislature received the most cordial appre- 
ciation of his fellow citizens. 

Mr. Yale was a religious man, and constant in his practice of reli- 
gious duties. While in Richmond he was a member of the First 
Presbyterian church. In Wallingford he united with the First Con- 
gregational church, and lived his faith to its honor. 

" Type of the wise who soar but never roam ; ' 
Tnie to the kindred points of Heaven and Home." 

Hence he was a gentleman of pure and strong character. Nothing 
would hurt him more than to have his honor and integrity called 
in question, and he would go to almost any length to vindicate 
them. Three things he loved supremely — integrity, truth, righteous- 
ness. 

He was married December 3d, 1834, to Miss Mary Culver, formerly 
of Wallingford, then of Saratoga county. New York. Mrs. Yale died 
about two years earlier than her husband. In answer to a letter of 
sympathy for his bereavement from a friend, he wrote as follows: " I 
first met Mrs. Yale 54 years ago. I was with a gay young party. The 
first words of her that ever met my ears were words of reproof to one 
of the party who had made light of solemn words. Forty-nine years 
she and I walked to the same house of God together, sat at the same 
communion table and had a common faith. She has been to me an 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 455 

earnest Christian wife, and left to our children the inheritance of an 
undeviatingf, couragfeous Christian mother." 

Two sons were born to them, Charles B. Yale and G. Selden Yale. 
This family of four persons were unusually devoted to each other and 
happy in their family life. The sons delighted to minister personally 
to the comfort of their parents in their declining 3'ears, and now the 
memory of both their father and mother is a legacy of undying worth 
to both the sons. 



CHAPTER IX. 



TOWN AND CITY OF MERIDEN. 



Location and Descriptiou. — Earh- Settlement. — Ecclesiastical Organization. — Civil 
Organization. — Town Officers. — Town Buildings. — South Meriden. — East Meriden. 
— The City of Meriden. — Location and Surroundings. — Early Growth. — Municipal 
Affairs. — Police Department. — Street Improvement. — Public Parks. — Water Depart- 
ment. — Fire Department. — Gas Light Company. — Railway Interests. — Manufactur- 
ing Interests. — Banking and Other Monetary Institutions. — General Business In- 
terests. — Inns and Hotels. — Post Office. 



THE town of Meriden occupies the northeastern section of the 
county, being bounded on the south by Wallingford, from 
which it was set off as a separate corporation in 1806. North 
and east are the counties of Hartford and Middlesex, the divi- 
sion lines being marked by the Hanging hills, Mt. Lamentation and 
the Totoket hills. Much of the surface presents a broken aspect, 
some parts being of a mountainous nature. In other parts are low- 
lands, separated by high hills of a sandstone nature, having a south- 
westerly trend. Drainage is afforded by the Ouinnipiac river and 
affluent brooks, the principal one being Harbor brook. The former 
breaks through a trap rock hill, two miles southwest of the city of 
Meriden, taking thence a direct eastward course from the Farmington 
valley to South Meriden, from which place it flows south, after having 
taken the waters of Harbor brook. The latter flows from the north- 
east, after being fed by a branch flowing from the south and other 
smaller streams from the east. 

These hills and streams formed natural subdivisions of the present 
town, which were early designated by the names of Meriden, Dog's 
Misery, Pilgrim's Harbor, Falls Plain, etc. 

The name of the parish and of the town was taken from the sec- 
tion which was located in the extreme northern part of what is now 
Meriden. In this locality grants of lands had been made by the gen- 
eral court of Connecticut in 1001 and the following year, to Jonathan 
Gilbert, an innkeeper, of Hartford, and Captain Daniel Clerke, all of 
which soon became the property of Gilbert. From the latter 470 acres 
passed to Captain Andrew Belcher, a merchant of Boston, Mass., who 
made the first improvements thereon, some time about 1G64. These 
consisted mainly of a stone house, with port holes in the walls for 
defense against the Indians, who might be led to attack travelers 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 467 

passing from one colony to another, on the highway (Old Colony road) 
leading through this tract. On condition of stocking the house with 
arms and ammunition, those living in the house were to have the 
privilege of keeping " tavern forever." This tract of land and the 
stone house received the name of Meriden from the native place of 
the Belcher family in Warwickshire, England. 

It should be borne in mind that the Belcher tract and the lands 
south of it were not included within the bounds of the New Haven 
village, which became Wallingford in 1670, but were under the juris- 
diction of the Connecticut colony, with no connection with Walling- 
ford, on the south (whose north bound was near the present railway 
depot at Meriden), or with the old town of Farmington on the north. 
But, in a general way, those settling upon these lands inclined toward 
the church and society of Wallingford, and on petition to that corpor- 
ation were admitted to its privileges, and also passed under the con- 
trol of the town of Wallingford, whose jurisdiction over this locality 
was more clearly recognized in later years. 

According to Doctor Davis, in his " History of Wallingford," the 
early proprietors in this section were the Belcher's Meriden tract, in 
the extreme north; Nathaniel Roys, south of that grant; Henry Coles, 
south of the latter; Bartholomew Foster, south and west of the latter; 
and south and east the 300 acre tract of John Merriam, purchased in 
1716. The Foster tract contained 360 acres, and was sold by the Wal- 
lingford committee in 1710. Descendants of the latter two still live 
in this part of the town. The inhabitants of this section increased, 
and we learn from their petition for a pound, " at Meriden or Stone 
House," submitted to the general court in October, 1724, that there 
were at that time citizens living there by the names of N. Merriam, N. 
Merriam, Jr., William Merriam, Tim Foster, T. Foster, J. Robinson, 
T. Gerrum, J. Parsons, Eleazer Aspinwall, J. Merriam, Jr., B. Foster, 
T. Andrews, D. Rich and J. Scofel. 

"Pilgrim's Harbor" was a term applied to the section of country 
south of most of the above desci'ibed and embracing what is now the 
principal part of the city of Meriden. The term was used prior to 
1661 in a letter* in which this part of the country is designated as 
"Pilgroomes Harbour." But there is a popular tradition that the name 
was derived from the fact that when the fugitive regicide judges, Ed- 
ward Whalley and William Goffe, passed through here on their way 
to Hadley, Mass., after October 13th, 1664, in their flight from Mil- 
ford (where they had been secreted two years), they found a refuge in 
the dense wildwood of these swamp lands. Here they rested several 
days, securely sheltered or harbored from possible pursuit — pilgrims 
in a strange land. Thus was bestowed the name "Pilgrim's Harbor" 
to the locality, and the stream flowing through it received the name 
of Pilgrim's Harbor brook, or more frequently Harbor brook. This 
* Written by Daniel Clarke. See Doctor Davis, p. 128. 



458 ■ HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

brook was made passable for man and horse as early as 1666, by Ed- 
ward Higby, who was compensated therefor by having his rates 
abated. 

While the lands along the brook and the swamps adjacent thereto 
were valueless for agricultural purposes, they were much sought after 
on account of being " hoop growing ground;" and allotments of two, 
three, four or more acres were made as early as 1677 to the original 
proprietors of Wallingford. This of course had the effect of dispos- 
ing of the territory without developing its settlement. The lowlands 
along the south branch of Harbor brook received the unpoetical name 
of " Dog's Misery." The principal part of this section was south of 
the old Middletown turnpike, and extending toward the head of the 
brook, nearl}' a mile. Here the swamp was originally so miry and 
the wildwood so tangled and dense that dogs following wild animals, 
which often took refuge there, were killed in their attempts to reach 
the hidden prey in this jungle; hence the name. This land has been 
reclaimed and is valuable in its present uses; but even in its forbid- 
ding aspects, two hundred years ago, it was so much esteemed that 
the town (Wallingford) was eagerly besought to make allotments. In 
1679 Nehemiah Royce, Nathaniel Royce, David Hall, Thomas Hall, 
Isaac Curtiss, Nathaniel How, Daniel Mix, Joseph Holt, Thomas Yale 
and Lsaac Royce became land owners in this locality; in 1685 Walter 
Johnson, on " long hill towards Dog's Misery;" in 1683, Daniel Hooper; 
in 1713, Jeremiah Hull; and in 1715, Jonathan Atwater. 

Some of these probably settled the year they received their lands 
and in 1677 a pi:blic watering place for cattle was reserved near 
Nathaniel Royce's land, which was afterward claimed by him as his 
property. In 1696 his neighbors so strongly protested against this 
claim that he was forced to surrender his right to the watering place, 
which was again turned to the use of the public. In 1724 the whole 
number of families at " Dog's Misery " and " Pilgrim's Harbor " was 
35, most of whom bore the names of those above given, as original 
landowners. 

The " Falls Plain" section now bears the name of South Meriden. 
Grants of lands in that section were made in 1677 to Nehemiah Royce 
and vSamuel Royce, and in 1680 to vSamuel Hough. In 1689, as is else- 
where related,"' a village was projected on the plain below the falls, 
the lots in the same being assigned to the proprietors of Wallingford 
by casting lots. In 1694 John Peck was granted lands in the same 
locality, and other allotments were made at a later day. East of this 
section lands were allotted to Levi Fowler and others as early as 1676. 

In the southeastern part of the present town, called the " Swamp " 
or " Little Plain," settlement was projected by the town of Walling- 
ford as early as December 16th, 1679. The same year allotments were 
made to Samuel Royce, Goodman Lewis, Thomas Yale and others 

* See account of South Meriden. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 459' 

After the country was cleared up, here were made some of the finest 
farms in the northern part of the old town and the locality very ap- 
propriately took the name of " Farms " section or district. 

On the 9th of May, 1728, the inhabitants living in the above sections 
petitioned the governor and the general court to be established as a 
village or a parish, which prayer was granted and the new parish 
called Meriden. The new society flourished and having a successful 
ecclesiastical orovernment soon longed for its own civil administration. 
This privilege, however, was not granted until 1806, when the follow- 
ing were reported as " North Farmers," or freemen living in this 
section: Benjamin Ives. Nathaniel Merrmian, Benjamin Whiting, 
Joseph Coles, Samuel Ives, Samuel Cutler, John Ives, Joseph Merriam. 
Timothy Merriam, Michael Mitchell, William Hough, William Mer- 
riam, John Merriam, John Way, Thomas Andrews, Robert Roice, 
Isaac Roice, John Merriam, James Scovill, William Andrews, Jonathan 
vSeymour, Josiah Roice, Ebenezer Prindle, Thomas Yale, Israel Hall, 
William Coles, Elick Roberts, Nathaniel Roice, Abell Roice, Ezekiel 
Roice, Jacob Parsons, Ebenezer Cooper, Eleazer Peck, Nehemiah May, 
Bartholomew Foster, Josiah Robeson, Samuel Andrews, Theophilus 
Mix, Amos Camp, Timothy Foster. 

In 1810, when the first distinct census of the town was taken, the 
population was 1,249; in 1830 it was only 1,708; in 1840 but 1,880. But 
from this time on the population increased rapidly, being 3,559 in 
1850, and 7,426 in 1860. A large proportion of this increase was in 
the city of Meriden. 

The town of Meriden was erected by an act of the general assem- 
bly, passed in 1806 at the May session, which authorized the division 
from the town of Wallingford, and provided that the limits should be 
the same as those of the old parish of Meriden. A petition for these 
corporate privileges had been placed on file February 14th, 1804, which 
was signed by Phineas Lyman and many others, who urged their claims 
that the parish had more than one-third of the population and a like 
proportion of the property of the town of Wallingford, and should be 
given the same privileges and immunities as other towns in the state. 
These claims had been urged on previous occasions, and for more than 
thirty years had the old town successfully protested against the dis- 
memberment of its territory.* 

Under the provisions of the act the citizens of the new town assem- 
bled at the Center meeting house, Monday, June 16th, 1806, when 

*The inhabitants of that part of Meriden at Belcher's farm petitioned the 
general assembly to be annexed to the town of Farmington, in Hartford county. 
May 17th, 1773, Wallingford voted to appoint an agent to protest against the me- 
morial. In May, 1786, the parish of Meriden petitioned the assembly to be an- 
nexed to the county of Middlesex; also in 1794, both petitions being strenuously 
opposed by Wallingford. A petition to the town of Wallingford, asking for town 
privileges, was voted down in September, 1803, by the parish of Wallingford,. 
Meriden parish not voting. 



460 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

George W. Stanley moderated and the following officers were chosen: 
Selectmen, Captain Ezekiel Rico, Ambrose Hough, Stephen Bailey; 
town clerk, Amos White; treasurer, Samuel Yale; collector, Abner 
Griswold; constables, Jared Benham, Eli Barnes; grand jurors, Enos 
Hall, 2d, Giles O. Griswold, Joseph Hall; surveyors of highways, Sam- 
uel Yale, Asahel Yale, Jehiel Preston, Harvey Andrews, Aaron Mer- 
riman, Benjamin Merriman, 2d, Levi Hall; fence viewers, Nathaniel 
Yale, Stephen Perkins, Ensign Hough; listers of town, Seth D. Plum, 
Titus Ives, Asahel Merriman; sealer of leather. Captain William Olds; 
sealer of weights, Samuel Yale; sealer of dry measures. Daniel Yale; 
pound keepers, Nathaniel Yale, Levi Foster, Israel Hall, Elisha Mer- 
riman. 

Captain Ezekiel Rice, Ambrose Hough, Stephen Bailey and Eli 
Barnes were appointed a committee to settle and adjust all business 
between the town of Wallingford and the new town, and September 
l()th, 1806, Brenton Hall, Esq.. was appointed the agent of the town 
in the matter of the boundary lines between the two towns. 

"Voted, to levy a tax of five mills on the dollar for town pur- 
poses." 

" \"oted, that geese shall not be suffered to run at large on the high- 
ways, unless they are well yoked." 

At subsequent meetings the affairs of the town were fully consid- 
ered, and the necessary rules made to carry them on in a business-like 
manner. Action in regard to the roads, poor farm and the town hall 
is el.sewhere noted. 

Since Meriden became a town the following have been the agents 
or first selectmen, and the years in which they served follow their 
names: Ezekiel Rice and John Hall, 1806; Theophilus Hall, 1807; 
Marvel Andrews, 1808-9; Patrick Clark, 1810-14; Othniel Ives, 1815- 
16; Elisha Curtis, 1817-18; Asahel Merriman, 1819-21; Seth D. Plum, 
1822-5; Moses Baldwin, ]826-8; Elisha Curtis, 1829-81; Orrin Hall, 
1832; Eli C. Bird.sey. 1833; Benjamin Upson, 1834; Calvin Coe, 1865-6, 
1844, 1849; Noah Pomeroy, 1837, 1841-3: Stephen Atkins, 1838; James 
S. Brooks, 1839; Mo.ses Andrews, 1840; Levi Yale, 1845-8, 1852-5; Joel 
Miller, 1S50-1; Joel I. Butler, 1856; Othniel Ives, 1857-60, 1865-6; 
Humphrey Lyon, 1861; Bela Carter, 1862-4; S. C. Paddock, 1867; George 
Gay, 1868-72; Oliver Rice, 1873; E. D. Castelow, 1874-7; D. S. Will- 
iams, 1878-81; George W. Miller. 1882; C. C. Kinne, 1883-5; H. E. 
Hubbard, 1886; Le Grand Bevins, 1887-90. 

The town clerks elected in the same period have been the follow- 
ing: June, 1806, Amos White; November, 1806, Isaac Lewis; 1823, 
Patrick Lewis; 1826, Amos Curtis; 1830, Patrick Lewis; February, 1834, 
Albert R. Potter; October, 1834, Eli C. Birdsey; 1843, James S. Brooks; 
1844. Joel Miller; 1845, Lyman Butler; 1849, Hiram Hall; 1854, Linus 
Birdsey; 18.'i4, John Ives: 1857, Russell J. Ives, assistant; 1860. Charles 



HISTORY OF .NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 461 

L. Upham, assistant; I860, Levi E. Coe; ^S6G, John N. Bario; 1879, 
Selah A. Hull; 1886. Herman Hess. 

Meriden became a separate probate district in June, 1836, and the 
first court was held August 20th, that year. The judges of the district 
have been as follows: 1836-44, James S. Brooks; 1844-6, Ber.ajah 
Andrews; 1847, Reverend John Parker; 1848-50, Benajah Andrews; 
1851-2, Hiram Hall;. 1852-7, Orville H. Piatt; 1857-60, Hiram Foster; 
1860-6, George W. Smith; 1867, Levi E.Coe; 1868-9, George W. Smith; 
1870-2, E. A. Merriman; 1873, George W. Smith; 1874-5, E. A. Merri- 
man; 1876, J. T. Pettee; 1877-82, Emmerson A. Merriman; 1883-90, 
George W. Smith; 1891. Wilbur F. Smith. 

The project of building a town hall was agitated as early as 1840, 
but a dozen years elapsed before decisive action was taken. The 
plans for a hall, prepared by Sidney M. Stone, were approved Septem- 
ber 17th, 1853, and the first town meeting in it was held in April, 1856. 
It was a spacious brick edifice, with a large tin covered dome in its 
center. In this a clock was placed in 1861. When the site for this 
hall was selected some difficulty was experienced, both Meriden Center 
and West Meriden claiming the hall. The lot on which it stood was 
finally selected as a compromise site and the building was put up by 
a committee composed of Levi Yale, Joel Miller, Ward Coe, John 
Parker, Philo Pratt and Eli Butler. The cost was about $30,000. 

The hall contained the town offices and after 1879 the city offices. 
In the auditorium were held the general assemblages of the town. In 
recent years, however, owing to the rapid increase of population, this 
hall became too small and it was determined to enlarge and remodel 
the old hall. 

At a meeting held March 20th, 1889, it was voted to expend $60,000 
in making these improvements and plans were solicited. October 14th, 
1889, the draughts for improvement .'submitted by Warren R. Briggs, 
of Bridgeport, were approved and $10,()()() more appropriated, in addi- 
tion to the above amount. A committee was appointed to proceed to 
make the nece.ssary contracts and to superintend the construction of 
the hall. These were E. B. Manning, chairman; H. E. Hubbard, John 
Ives, Levi E. Coe, Morris O'Brien and the the board of .selectmen: Le 
Grand Bevins, George O. Higby and George W. Miller, the latter as 
the successor of John Nagel, selectman in 1889. In December, 1889, 
the contract for remodelling the building was awarded to D. J. Curtis, 
of Springfield, Mass. 

The plan of the remodelled town hall contemplated a large and 
imposing edifice, to be as near as possible fire proof, three stories high 
and relieved by attractive towers. The material of the outer walls is 
Philadelphia pressed brick, with New England brown stone trim- 
mings, arranged after a pleasing style of architecture. 

The building was occupied in the summer of 1891 and is very com- 
plete in its appointments, being one of the best arranged municipal 



462 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

buildings in the state. It contains town and city offices, and rooms 
for the various courts of Meriden. Much of tlie basement is used by 
the police department, which is here provided with a station house, 
cells, etc. Access is afforded to the latter by a driveway which will 
permit the entrance of the patrol wagon. The grand assembly hall is 
in the third story of the building, and contains a stage 60 feet long, 
with modern scenic arrangements. This room is one of the finest in 
the state and will serve the wants of the town for many years to 
come. 

Meriden has a neat little farm, along the base of the East Peak, near 
the Cold vSpring, on which is an almshouse, where are kept many of 
the town's indigent poor. The original buildings were erected b}^ 
George. B. Conklin, some time after 1840, for a popular resort and a 
summer hotel. In the fall of 1860 the town purchased it for its pres- 
ent purposes. In 1868 the farm was enlarged by four acres, bought of 
the Butler estate. The buildings have been improved and a hospital 
has been erected. In 1889 the valuation of the property, with its 
system of water works, was §12,000. The inmates of the almshouse 
are supported at a yearly outlay of about $5,000, and more than 
$10,000 additional is expended annually for the maintenance of the 
•outside poor. 

South Meriden. — In the early settlement of Wallingford this place 
was designated as "Falls Plain," or as "the head of the plains" — a name 
appropriate in every respect, for here the level lands, stretching 
northward along the Ouinnipiac, end, and the hilly cot:ntry of the 
trap-rock region begins. It is a locality of great natural beauty, and. 
in connection with the fine water power available, would readily sug- 
gest itself as a natural site for a village. These advantages were 
recognized as early as 1689 by the town of Wallingford, when it platted 
a tract of land into streets and blocks, which were distributed to the 
planters on the 19th of February, 1690, by casting lots for the same. 
The main street of this projected village was nearl}'' coincident with 
the course of the present north and south street, in the western part 
of South Meriden, except that it ran up to the river. On the west side 
the lots extended to the hills and on the east to the river. The 65 
lots of this embryo village were drawn by numbers, each planter re- 
ceiving the lot indicated by the numerals set opposite his name in the 
following list, which shows, also, who were the leading citizens of 
Wallingford at that period: " Mr. Street, 49; Lieut. Merriman, 24; Mr. 
Mosse, 12; Ens. Yaile, 11; Mr. Brockett, 44; Dr. Hulls, 52; Ens. An- 
■ drewys, 4; Seirant Doolittle, 62; — Preston, 20; Nathaniel Royse, 40; 
Samll Royse, 33; Samll Hull, 03; John Ives, 89; Samll DooliUle, 51; 
Daniel Mix, 59; Joseph Doolittle, 42; Eben Lewis, 48; Joseph Houlte, 
61; John Doolittle, 37; Joseph Benham, Jun.,25; Eleazer Peck, 19; John 
Merriman, 58; John Parker, 01; John Hall, senr, 60; Samll Cook, senr, 
.28; Tho Curtis, 58; Tho Hall, 30; David Hall, 65; Joshua Culver, 32; 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 463 

Nathaniel How, 09; Samll Brockett, 55: Roger Tyler, 38; Samll Thorp, 
06; John Hitchcok, 02; Samll Merriman, 53; Abraham Doolittle, 13; 
Samll Browne, 29: Ebenezer Clark, 18: Samll Street, 07; Samll An- 
drews, Jun., 57; Simon Tuttle, 14; Benjamin Hoiilte, 10; Edward Fen. 
03; John Morse, 26; Hennery Cook, 31: Joseph Beenham.sen. 63; Samll 
Street, 35; Nathan Andrewes, 16; John Peck, 50; Jeremiah Howe, 17; 
Samll Cook, jun. 15; Joseph Thomson, 21; Hugh Chappel, 22; James 
Westwood, 05; Wm. Cole, 23: John Beach, 64; Tho Beach, 54; Joseph 
Royse, 47; Rush Lothrop, 43; William Ebernath, 46: Samll Munson, 
41; Walter Johnson, 36; John Atwater, 34; Isak Beach, 45; Nehemiah 
Royse, 27." 

For some cause which has not been recorded the village was never 
built up, and this section was, for more than a century, given over to 
farm pursuits. Nehemiah and Samuel Royce received grants of 
lands here as early as 1677, and in 1680 a grant of an adjoining tract 
was made to Samuel Hough. Later, John Peck received a tract of 
land along the river, farther south ; and these and their descendants 
were the citizens of this section until the interests of the present 
century were developed, mainly by the manufactories here estab- 
lished. 

Aside from some minor use of the water power, the first interest 
of importance was the manufacturing business of Deacon N. C. San- 
ford & Co., sometimes called the Hanover Company. This was organ- 
ized in the fall of 1826, and the following summer the manufacture of 
augers was commenced, near where are now the Bradley & Hubbard 
shops, at Meriden. Not having sufficient water power at that place, 
the company purchased the water privilege and lands along the Quin- 
nipiac at the Falls Plain bridge, in order to establish a new plant. 
Work upon this was commenced April 23d, 1832, and as the locality 
had no particular name, that of Hanover was finally selected by the 
firm. At the raising of the company's boarding house, June 6th, 
1832, this name was announced to the assembled populace by Doctor 
Hough. The hamlet which sprung up retained the name of Hanover 
until within the past ten years, when, on account of the suburban 
relation to the city of Meriden, only a little more than a mile distant, 
and the overshadowing importance of that place, the name of South 
Meriden was adopted, and has become fixed in the post office here 
established. 

The industry of Sanford & Co. and later of Sanford, Parmalee & 
Co., devoted to the manufacture of augers, bits, skates and small goods 
■of steel, gave employment to about fifty men, and the enterprise at 
that time begun has been continued in that part of the county, a new 
plant being later established lower down the river. 

In 1845 the manufacture of table cutlery was begun at Hanover 
by the firm of Pratt, Ropes, Webb & Co., the active manager being 
D. N. Ropes. This firm was the union of interests carried on in other 



464 HISTORY OF new haven county. 

localities, ten years earlier, and the experience brought to the new 
plant insured success. Soon 75 men were employed. In 1855 the bus- 
iness of the firm passed to the Meriden Cutlery Company, which be- 
came a corporation July 10th of that year. The industry was soon ex- 
panded. The water power was further improved, a splendid stone dam . 
in the shape of a horse shoe bemg built across the stream. The build- 
ings have been increased from time to time until four acres are covered. 
The main works are four stories high and several hundred feet long, 
and theoiher buildings are convenient for their uses. Water continues 
to be the exclusive power. The fine dam on the Oumnipiac forms a 
large and beautiful sheet of limpid water, which is locally known by the 
name of vSouth Meriden lake. It yields about 200 horse power. The 
natural advantages of this plant are among the best in the state, and 
the cutlery company has continued to be the principal interest in the 
village. The works of .Sanford & Co. were transferred to Yalesville 
station, and other industries in the locality, such as comb, button and 
scale making, have passed away, after a short existence. 

The products of the Meriden Cutlery Company, although very 
varied, are of a superior quality, embracing hundredsof styles of table 
cutlery, manufactured out of the best steel. Here steel knives were 
first successfully electro-plated, and the company has since kept its 
wares in the front rank of cutlery manufactures. Fine carving sets 
are made a specialty, and many elegant designs are produced. 

In 1890 the capital stock of the company was $400,000, and its prin- 
cipal officers were: A. L. Collins, president: H. A. Curtiss, secretary; 
George M. Howell, treasurer; Edwin Cady, superintendent. 

Outside of the works proper, the cutlery compan\' has built up the 
village, putting up tenements for more than 60 families. In 1890 the 
entire real estate was valued at $132,950. Some of the original build- 
ings have been improved by private owners, and on additions to the 
village plat some fine residences have been erected. In 1890 South 
Meriden had a population of about 1,000 and the usual interests of a 
thriving village. 

At a stand where Hensel Rice formerly merchandised E. B. Clark 
has been in trade since 1864, and is also the postmaster of the South 
Meriden office, which has daily mails to Meriden, communicating by 
stage lines. Several public houses offer entertainment: the Lawn 
Hotel of John Cassidy, on the lake, being an attractive resort. There 
is a public hall and a neat room for the meeting of Hanover Lodge of 
Odd Fellows. A village improvement society was organized in 1887, 
and the place is yearly being beautified. 

TheThird Congregational Church m Meriden, al.so called the Han- 
over Congregational Church, was organized February 13th, 1853, of 
25 members, who were dismissed from the Meriden church to form 
this new body. Previous to this a chapel had been erected, mainly 
through the efforts of Walter Webb and Deacon N. C. Sanford, Ezekiel 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 465 

Hall, Reuben Waterman, L. Griswold and a few others, which the 
congregation occupied as a place of worship. It is a frame building, 
with several hundred sittings. In the past few years it has been little 
used, the society no longer maintaining regular worship. 

In December, 1S5B, Reverend James A. Clark became the fir.st 
pastor, serving until April, 18.55. Reverend Jacob Eaton was next 
inducted into the pastorate. May 18th, 1857, and continued until 1861, 
when he left to become the chaplain of the 7th Connecticut Regiment. 
Soon after his accession a revival of remarkable power took place, 
which continued until 32 members were added to the congregation. 
The pulpit of the church was filled by supplies until the fall of 1870, 
when J. Howe Voice was installed pastor and served until April 3d, 
1873. The Xew Haven East Association, to which the church belongs, 
now supplied the pulpit, those serving a year or more being recognized 
as "acting pastors." That relation was sustained in 1876-7, by E. B. 
Crane; in 1880, by M. C. Wood; in 1882, by J. G. Griswold. In the 
past few years there has been but little preaching on account of 
diminished membership. Elias Sanford and B. C. Eastman were the 
last deacons; and Daniel H. Willard, the treasurer and superintendent 
of the last Sunday school. 

The Methodist Episcopal Church of South Meriden was organized 
in 1851. A few Methodist members met for occasional worship in the 
village as early as 1889, the meetings being held in the school house. 
March 12th, 1851, the first organized effort was made to establish a 
church. On that day a meeting was held at the house of John Evans, 
when it was determined to form an ecclesiastical society to be called 
the " M. E. Society of the Hanover District." John D. Parmalee was 
chosen chairman and John Evans, secretary. John Davidson, Roger 
Smith and Luman A. Atkins were appointed a building committee of 
the " MethodLst Preaching House," which it was decided to erect. In 
the fall of the year this was completed at a cost of $1,333. It was a 
two-story building, the lower part being a tenement, the upper story 
a hall and preaching place. For a period of more than twenty years 
this was used, the preachers being Reverend John Parker, of Meriden, 
and students from Middletown. In 1871 Reverend William W. Hurd 
was appointed as a regular minister and the same year the present 
church edifice was begun, being completed the following summer, at 
a cost of more than $9,000. Of this amount George Bristol contributed 
$2,000, John Evans $1,000, Charles Parker $400. and the balance was 
raised by the society and its friends. The church was dedicated Sep- 
tember 25th, 1872, by Reverend C. N. Foss. 

At the suggestion of Doctor H. A. Archer, who became a member 
of the church in 1888, the enlargement of the house of worship was 
begun under the direction of a committee composed of the pastor, 
Doctor H. A. Archer, Silas Bradley, Frank Rollins, C. A. Hollister, 
William Baker and E. B. Clark. A lecture room was built in the rear 
29 



466 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

of the church, which was also renovated, and it was dedicated March 
loth, 1889. free of debt. The church is now commodious and attrac- 
tive, being alike creditable to the society and the community. Its 
value and that of the parsonage is about $14,000. There are .50 mem- 
bers and a Sunday school of 170 members. 

The pastors of the church have been, since the Reverend Hurd, as 
follows: 1874-6, Otis J. Range; 1877-8, student supplies; 1879-80, Rev- 
erend A. H. Mead; 1881, R. S. Eldridge; 1882, A. V. R. Abbott: 1888, 
A. M. Northrop (He freed the church from a $2,000 debt, Mrs. John 
Evans donating $1.000. In .September, 1883. he died and the pulpit 
was supplied by Reverend J. G. Griswold, of Meriden); 1884-6, W. F. 
Markwick. who in April, 1885, moved to South Meriden, and became 
the first resident pastor, serving, also. Trinity church at Meriden; 
1887, T. W. Maynard; 1888-9, W. M. Warden; 1890, G. W. Phillips. 
William Baker is the trea.surer of the society; and J. W. Bennett, 
superintendent of the Sunday .school. 

The Church of the Holy Angels (Roman Catholic) was built in 1887, 
as a mission of St. Ro.se of Lima, of Meriden, which had maintained 
Catholic services at South Meriden, several years previous. The cor- 
ner stone was laid April 3d, 1887. It is an attractive gothic chapel, 
30 by 60 feet, and has fine stained glass windows. On the same lot a 
large modern .style parsonage was erected in 1888, and the combined 
value of the property is $15,000. The corporation is composed of the 
resident priest, John Fay and Thomas McLaughlin. 

The parish of South Meriden (including the Church of the Holy 
Angels. Yalesville and the mission of Cheshire) was e.stablished Jan- 
uary 10th, 1888, when R. F. Moore, A. M., was settled over it as the 
first priest. At that time the membership at South Meriden was in- 
cluded in 57 families. This has since been increased to 65 families 
and the influence of the parish has grown proportionately. 

Connected with the Church of the Holy Angels are a Sunday 
school, having 95 members; a Guild with 45 members; and a Rosary 
Society of 60 members. 

E.-VST MERn)EN is the name applied to the hamlet and locality, 
along the Middletown turnpike, two miles east of the city of Meriden. 
Here are some of the oldest homesteads in the town and a number 
of residences of nioi^e modern appearance, sheltering several hundred 
inhabitants. There are also a Baptist chapel, built in 1886, and the 
spoon works of the Charles Parker Company. The latter embrace 
.several large shops of stone and brick, in which is carried on the only 
industry of the place. All other interests sustain a suburban relation 
to the city. 

Formerly there were a number of small industries at this place, 
some of which were carried on by the water power afforded by a long 
race way, from a dam in the mountain gap, which has been superseded 
by .steam, at Parker's, and the small .shops have passed away. Among 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 467 

these were the tin shops of Noah Pomeroy and his sons, begun in 
1818 and continued many years; the shops of Samuel Cook and the 
Britannia shops of Isaac C. Lewis and his associates, George Cowles, 
Lemuel J. Curtis and Daniel B. Wells. . 

For many years this locality bore the name of Bangall, a title 
which was suggested by an incident which occurred at the popular 
public house of Captain Benjamin Hall. A large party had a hilarious 
time, continued far into the night, in which, as the landlord expressed 
it, " they banged all creation." From his house, the place of " Bangall," 
the name was derived. 

The City of Meriden is located north of the central part of the 
town, and is mainly in the valley of Harbor brook. It is about 18 
miles north of New Haven and near the same distance south of Hart- 
ford. From Waterbury, by way of the Connecticut River railway, it 
is 14 miles; and less than that distance from Middletown. The area 
comprised within the city limits is large and presents a varied surface 
of hills and ]owland.s, being admirably adapted for the manifold uses 
of business and for residence purposes. Many beautiful homes crown 
the heights of the principal hills, and upon one is the handsome State 
Reform School, embracing a dozen buildings. On the lowlands and 
hillsides are huge shops and factories, Meriden being one of the lead- 
ing manufacturing centers of New England, and by reason of its prod- 
ucts is not inappropriately styled the "Silver City" of the Union. 
The public buildings are numerous, embracing an elegant new town 
hall, one of the finest hotels in the state, costly and attractive churches 
and a handsome high school building. The business houses are 
large and on every hand may be seen the evidences of an active, thrifty 
population, who have reared homes of comfort and plenty and sur- 
rounded them with all the best features of a progressive American 
city. 

The scenic attractions of Meriden are said to be the finest in the 
state. It is nearly .surrounded by mountains and hills of the trap-rock 
formation, some of them affording specimens of volcanic action, which 
have attracted the attention of many scientists. On every hand are 
varied and beautiful aspects, but those afforded by the Hanging hills 
and Mt. Lamentation are to an unusual degree impressive. Concern- 
ing the former and their relation to Meriden and the surrounding 
country, Reverend J. T. Pettee has given the following beaiitiful de- 
scription in his poem, " West Peak," a part of which is here given. 
He says: " West Peak is the name which we, Meridenites, give to the 
most westerly of our 'Hanging Hills.' It is, by Prof. Guyot's survey, 
995 feet above the waters of the Sound, and, though far from being 
the highest mountain in the State (Mt. Brace in Salisbury being 2,225 
feet high), is, by considerable, the highest of the trap dikes of the 
Connecticut Valley. Geologi.sts are agreed, I believe, in thinking that 
the valley, which stretches from Hartford to New Haven, was once 



468 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

an estuary or arm of the sea, and Percival, the distinguished geologist 
of Connecticut, was the first to show how, by tlie eruption of the trap 
across the valley in Meriden, the Connecticut River was made to 
change its course, and empty at Saybrook instead of New Haven. By 
a poetic license which, I think, perfectly pardonable, I have taken a 
part for the whole, and spoken of West Peak as being- formed under 
the ocean." 

" For ages, when the world was young, 
I slept upon my lava-bed, 
While sandstones formed, and oceans sung 
Their solemn anthems o'er my head. 

" Ages on ages rolled away. 

The wrinkled earth itself grew old; 
And still upon my bed I lay. 

Oppressed by weight and years untold. 

" The ocean still above ine rolled, 

The sandstone strata thicker grew ; 
I lay and groaned beneath the Old, 
Crushed and encumbered by the New. 

" Then in a glad auspicious hour, 

Which made my rocky heart rejoice, 
I felt a resurrection power — 
I heard a resurrection voice. 

" It said ' O mountain, 'wake, arise ; 
• Throw off the sandstone from thy breast ; 

Roll back the seas, and 'neath the skies 
Show the bold frontage of thy crest.' 

" I woke as from a troubled dream ; 

Threw off the weight by powerjdivine ; 
Rose to the sun's refulgent beam. 

And stellar orbs that roimd me shine. 

" The frighted waters sought the sea; 
The rifted sandstone opened wide. 
And I, aglow with light of day, 
Rejoiced, a Mountain in my pride. 

" Nor I alone : On every hand 

Around me peak like mountains stand. 
Which heard the voice, and felt the power. 
That raised me in my natal hour. 

" South Mountain, Cat Hole, by my side. 
Almost as bold and steep as I, 
Majestic in their mountain pride, 
Point tlieir tall turrets to the sky. 

" High Rock and Rattlesnake arise; 
Newgate and Talcott farther on ; 
And resting on the northern skies, 

Proud peaks of Holyokc and l\It. Tom. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 469 

Northeast Mt. Lamentation stands, 

Higby and Besec, Middletown, 
To Durham ranges stretch their hands, 

Where Tremont towereth all their own. 

' Totoket rises farther down ; 
And Pistapaug and Saltonstall 
Raise to the skies their walls of stone. 
Their mural castles gaunt and tall. 

' Near on my south Mt. Carmel lies, 
A giant slumbering in his might ; 
East Rock and West Rock kiss the skies. 
And Whitney Peak delights the sight. 

' While on my West, in peaks less bold, 
The same Plutonian power is seen, 
Trappean dikes of lava cold. 
And sandstone tilted thrown between. 

' These lesser heights, whose waving lines 
Such beauty to the landscape give. 
Tell of the old Triassic times. 

And to my tale their witness give. 

' The voice which called me from the deep 
These trappean mountains all did hear, 
And rose with me from nature's sleep, 
And stand, as I stand, proudly here. 

' And now for long telluric years, 
I've stood a sentry o'er the land. 
And watched with varying hopes and fears, 
The changes of Time's mighty hand. 

' I saw the glacier in his might 

Sweep from the north, a frozen sea, 
Ice piled on ice to mountain height, 
Moving, meth ought, resistlessly. 

' I felt his cruel ice-bound teeth 

Plough in my flanks, as on his way. 
He ground and crushed my rocks beneath : 

I show the furrows to this day. 
******* 

' I've seen the change by centuries wrought 
Engraved in Progress' deepest lines ; 
To us with greater interest fraught 
Than those of old Triassic times. 

' I've seen the wilderness siibdiied, 
Fair villages and towns arise ; 
Cities with energy imbued. 
And art and skill and bold emprise. 

' A hundred such around me rise ; 

I see them from my mountain height ; 
Their gilded domes and cloud capped spires 
Lend fair enchantment to the sight. 



470 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

" Their business gongs salute my ear, 
Their throbbing engines jar my crest ; 
Their miglity industries appear, 

Which meet no check, and know no rest. 

" Of all the towns that round me rise. 
Of all the cities that I greet, 
There's none seems fairer to my eyes 
Than that which slumbers at my feet. 

" Fair city of the Silver Art, 

Still slumber in thy quiet vale ; 
With rocky fastnesses begirt. 

May naught against th^- peace prevail. 

'■ Long will I guard thy schools and homes, 
And hold thy precious interests fast. 
Watching thy good for years to come. 
As I have watched it in the past." 

Near the summit of West Peak and several miles distant from the 
city, Percival Park has been projected as a summer resort, and easy- 
roads to the same were constructed in the fall of 1889. In other direc- 
tions among these hills are attractive drives, among woodlands, along 
streams, which afford vistas of most entrancing nature. Especially is 
the drive through Cat Hole pa.ss, between the East and Middle hills, 
invested with peculiar charms. This pass is about a mile long and 
very narrow in some parts, the rocks on either hand rising to almost 
perpendicular heights. Several of the rocks are so strongly marked as 
to bear some resemblance to profiles of Washington and other char- 
acters. In this gorge ice remains almost the entire year, and from 
the lower part issites "Cold Spring." 

Less rugged, but also very attractive as mountain scenery, are the 
high lands on the east, of which IMt. Lamentation* is the principal 
object. 

These beautiful environments conduce also to the healthfulne.ss of 
the city, whose death rate is one of the lowest in the state, being but 
thirteen for every thousand of population. 

The beginning of the city was nearly one mile east of the present 
center of business, on which is now Broad street,f which was then 
called Meriden Center. Its progress from the time of the revolution 
until 1840 was slow and, in the main, uneventftil. At the latter time 
there were three churches, half a dozen stores, several public houses, 
a dozen small shops and about sixty residences, chiefly on Market and 
Colony streets. The principal families bore the names of Andrews, 
Austin, Booth, Butler, Benham, Barnes, Bailey, Brooks, Cowles, Curtis, 

* This was so called on account of the wailing or lamentation made while 
searching for an early settler who was lost in these wilds, on the Middletown 
side. 

t Formerly called Market street. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 471 

Clark, Collins, Foster, Farrington, Griswold, Green, Hall, Holt, Ives, 
Jordan, Lewis, Little, Miller, Merriam, Parker, Perkins, Tyler, Twiss 
and Yale. Descendants of many of these families are among the most 
active citizens of the present time. 

In addition to Colony and Broad or Market streets there were, at 
the period above given (1840), Main, Liberty and Wall streets, each 
having about the courses which they now possess. But aside from 
these, nearly the entire area was a common or consisted of 
unimproved swamp lands -along the brook, which for many years 
were held to be of little value. In ISlo Jesse Ives bought of 
Benjamin Merriam six acres of land lying at the northwest corner of 
Main and Colony streets, for which he paid $100 per acre, which was 
considered as money wasted. Near the same time twelve acres of 
land south of Main street and east of the brook was not reckoned 
worth $800. 

The building of the Hartford railroad, in 1839, changed the busi- 
ness life of the village. The center of trade was transferred from the 
hill to the Pilgrim Harbor section, and a steady, substantial growth 
began, which was greatly quickened when the dawn of manufacturing 
once fairly broke over the place. vSince that time, and especially since 
its incorporation as a city, in 1867, manifold changes have taken place, 
from one hundred to two hundred new buildings being erected each 
year, and the inhabitants increasing nearly threefold. The rise of 
property was gradual in the city and the town, increasing from a grand 
list of $2,570,797, in 1855, to $10,690,432 in 1889, upon which the rate 
of taxation was 10 mills. 

In 1877 the first complete directory of the city was made, showing 
5,293 names; in 1880 the names were 6,210, and the population 15,540; 
in 1889 the names were 11,165, and the population about 21,000. Doubt- 
less the varied interests of the city will cause a continued increase for 
many years to come. 

Meriden was incorporated as a city by act of the general assembly, 
approved July 11th, 1867. One of the sections of this act provided 
that the inhabitants should " to all intents and purposes remain a part 
of the town of Meriden." July 24th, 1868, the charter was amended 
in order to permit the construction of water works by the city. 

A revised charter was passed by the general assembl}' and approved 
March 28th, 1879, in which the city's territorial limits were described 
to be the same as those in the original charter, to wit: " Beginning at 
a point on the north line of the road, formerly known as the Middle- 
town and Meriden turnpike, 166 rods, 20 links easterly from the junc- 
tion of said road with the old Hartford and New Haven turnpike, and 
running south 50° west 328 i-ods; thence north 58i° west 278 rods; 
thence north 39f° west 203 rods; thence north 7i° east 193 rods; thence 
north 53f° ea.st 395 rods; thence north 87A° east 251 rods; thence 
south 62° east 258 rods; thence south 26° west 454 rods to the place of 



472 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

beginning; and all the electors of this state dwelling within said limits 
are hereby declared to be and shall forever continue to be a body 
politic and corporate in fact, by the name of the city of Meriden, &c." 

This charter and the by-laws based on it have been frequently 
amended, but the limits remain as originally fixed. 

The first meeting under the city charter was held at the town hall, 
August 12th, 1S07, and Henry C. Butler was the moderator. A ballot 
for the first board of officers resulted in the choice of the following; 
Mayor, Charles Parker; clerk, John H. Bario ; aldermen, William J. 
Ives, Hiram Butler, George W. Lyon, Jedediah Wilcox ; councilmen, 
Lemuel J. Curtis, Owen B. Arnold, Charles L. L^pham, Charles A. 
Roberts, Hezekiah H. Miller, Eli Ives, Augustus C. Markham, Eli 
Butler, Aaron L. Collins, Isaac C. Lewis, Jared R. Cook, Jared Lewis, 
Horace C. Wilcox, Dennis C. Wilcox, John C. Byxbee, Walter Hub- 
bard; treasurer, Asahel H. Curtis; collector, vSamuel O. Church; aud- 
itor, Joel H. Guy. 

It will be seen that the foregoing were leading citizens of the town, 
and their service, in the office indicated, shows what interest they felt 
in the welfare of the new city. In the main this interest has been 
continued, and the principal officers have been representative busi- 
ness or professional men. 

The mayors have been the following: 1867-8, Charles Parker; 1869, 
Russell vS. Gladwin; 1870-1, Isaac C. Lewis; 1872-3, Charles L. Upham; 
1874-5, Horace C. Wilcox; 1876-8, H. Wales Lines; 1879-80, George R. 
Curtis; 1881-5, E. J. Doolittle, Jr.; 1886-7, Chas. H. S. Davis; 1888-9, 
Wallace A. Miles; 1890, Benjamin Page. 

City clerks : 1867-72, John H. Bario; 1873 (six months), B. Frank 
Pomeroy; 1873-5. John H. Bario; 1876-85, Selah A. Hull; 1S86-, Her- 
man Hess. 

Treasurers: 1867-76, Asahel H. Curtis; 1877-86, David S. Williams; 
1887-9, William Lewis; 1890, W. W. Mosher. 

Auditors: 1867-70, Joel H.Guy; 1871-4, A. Chamberlain, Jr.; 1875-7, 
Joel I. Butler; 1878-81, Charles L. Rockwell ; 1882, Fred. R. Derby : 
1883, Herman Hess; 1884-5, Robert H. Curtis; 1886, John M. Harmon: 
1887, Frank M. Byxbee; 1888-9, Chas. J. King; 1890, John M. Harmon. 

City surveyors: 1875-7, Theodore H. McKenzie; 1878-87, S. C. Pier- 
son; 1888-, W. S. Clark. 

City attorneys: 1867-77, Ratcliffe Hicks; 1878, Frank S. Fay; 1879-, 
James P. Piatt. 

Judges city court: 1867-8, Andrew J. Coe; 1878-, Levi E. Coe. Of 
this court, John Q. Thayer is the assistant judge and the clerk. 

Presidents pro tem.: 1883, Alderman Robert H. Curtis; 1884-5, Al- 
derman N. L. Bradley; 1886-7, Alderman Benjamin Page; 1888-9, 
Alderman IJertrand L. Yale: 1890, Alderman J. C. Twitchell. 

City collector: 1890, George A. Clark. 

In 1870 the expenditures in the city for all purposes were $42,138- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 473 

.61: 1872, $86,434.41 : 1873, $120,734.45. The entire expense in 1884 was 
$102,747.43. The appropriations for 1890 were $165,403.16, which was 
estimated to accrue from various sources and a 10-mill tax on the 
grand li.st, to j'ield $96,500. For many years the rate of taxation was 
eight mills on the dollar. The city debt, of more than $500,0t0 in 
1878, has been yearly reduced, being $305,320.59 on the first of De- 
cember, 1889. The finances are in a healthy condition and the affairs 
of the city are judiciously managed. 

The police department was not fully established until several years 
after the organization of the city government. William N. Beach 
was the first chief and there were four policemen. In June, 1870, the 
force was increased by the addition of another patrolman. In 1872, 
560 arrests were made, 304 being for drunkenness. In 1876 A. L. Otis 
became the chief and served two years. In 1878 in addition to the 
chief, G. F. Bolles, who was at the head of the department until 1883, 
George Van Nostrand was appointed captain and has since sustained 
that relation to the force. At the time of his appointment, the force 
had 3 patrolmen and 25 special officers. In 1883 Roger M. Ford be- 
came the chief and has since so served. 

In 1884 the patrolmen numbered 6, the specials 28, and the arrests 
661. Those charged with drunkenness numbered 367. The depart- 
ment in 1889 consisted of the chief, the captain, 1 day patrolman, 8 
night patrolmen and 25 specials; 742 arrests had been made, about 
one-half being for intoxication. The police court paid into the city 
treasury $3,391.59 for fines collected and the department cost 
$11,056'25. 

Under the direction of the city authorities the improvement of the 
streets began to assume good shape as early as 1870, when A. R. 
Boardman was the commissioner. That office was held in 1871 and 
1872 by Almon Andrews, and more than $50,000 was expended on the 
streets. Colony street was Macadamized from Main to Columbia, and 
j\Iain .street was graded throughout and a portion Macadamized. 
Pratt street was also graded and the gutters on Butler street were 
finished. Broad street had been improved earlier, but was repaired 
from north to south, and much of Crown street was paved. At this 
time the city had ten miles of paved gutters, ten miles of blue stone 
sidewalks, and one hundred cross walks. In the following years sev- 
eral miles of streets were graded annually. 

In 1874 maps and profiles of the streets were made and records 
opened. The following year profiles of 67 streets were sent to D. S. 
Chesbrough,. sewerage engineer, at Albany, to enable him to report on 
the advisability of constructing .sewers in the principal streets. Later 
a commi.ssion was appointed which, December 1st, 1877, reported that 
the construction of sewers in the .streets as advised by Engineer Ches- 
brough, be deferred until the use of the Harbor brook be decided in 
favor of the city. This report was signed by I. C. Lewis, William J. 



474 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Ives, Eli Butler and Timothy Healy. In 1878 this committee made 
a further report that the city charter must be amended before sewers 
could be constructed. Later the right to use the brook for sewerage 
purposes being conceded, Andrew's dam in the lower part of the city 
was condemned, purchased and removed in 1884, in order to carry out 
a system of drainage so long projected. Since that time lateral sew- 
ers have been constructed, on some of the streets, near the brook, 
which is made to .serve as an open drain. 

At a special city meeting held September 22d, 1891, it was voted to 
adopt an irrigation plan of .sewerage, e.stimated to cost Sl'io.OOO; KiO 
acres of land, lying between .South Meriden and Yalesville have been 
purchased, to which the sewerage will be conveyed from the central 
part of the city, by a system of pipes, etc. 

In 1879 the city had nearly forty miles of streets, whose condition 
was reported to be equal to the streets of other cities of like popula- 
tion. Since that time new streets have been opened and about $25, UdO 
has been expended yearly on their improvement. In 1886 the first 
iron bridge in the city was btiilt, over Harbor brook, on Hanover 
street. The Berlin Iron Bridge Company furnished the supenstruc- 
ture, and the entire cost was nearly $4,800. 

In 1889 the city had more than sixty miles of streets and about 
forty-five miles of sidewalks; and in 1890 the amount appropriated 
for the department was $81,.^)64.66, an amount large enough to place 
the .streets in a creditable condition. 

The commissioners since Almon Andrews have been the following: 
1873, A. C. Wetmore; 1874. William J. Ives; 1875, E. A. Rice; '1870 -7, 
T. H. McKenzie; 1878-87, Linus F. Dennison; 1888-9, William Balzer; 
1890, J. H. San ford. 

The streets of Meriden are well lighted, at an annual expense of 
more than $17,000, three-fifths of which is paid for electric lights. At 
the close of 1889, 86 such lamps were in the service of the city, in ad- 
dition to the 342 naphtha lamps in use. Electric lighting was intro- 
duced as early as 1884, when the Fuller- Wood Company put tip some 
lamps on the fire alarm poles, and gave the city free lights for a short 
period. The first paid service was June 3d, 1887, when the city en- 
gaged the u.se of 30 lamps. Gas lights were introduced in 1863, and 
since that time various substitutes have been used, the chief ones 
being ga.soline and naphtha. For their use 503 lamp posts were 
erected in various parts of the city, many now being unused. 

Prior to 1883, Meriden had no public park. The first step to secure 
one, aside from a general discussion of the matter, was in the levying 
of a f-mill tax on the assessment of the city in 18SL to be due in a 
year, and to be expended under the direction of the court of the com- 
mon council, by a special committee of aldermen and councilmen. In 
January, 1882, the charter of the city was amended to permit the pur- 
chase of a property of nine acres, lying on Camp, Franklin and War- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 475 

ren streets, in the northern part of the city, the cost not to exceed 
$S,000. The property thus acquired was improved in 1884 by grading 
and planting ehn trees along Franklin street. In 1885 two acres of 
land additional, on Warren .street, were added to the area of the park, 
at a cost of $1,500, and the whole was beautified in 1886 at an outlay 
of nearly $3,000. 

About the same time .South Broad street was improved to give it 
a park-like appearance, and the .small square in front of the Winthrop 
House was beautified, making it a pleasant little spot in that part of 
the city. About $500 is expended yearly in the care and further im- 
provement of these park interests. 

Soon after the formation of the city government measures were 
taken to secure what was deemed an abundant supply of pure water. 
The construction of a system of water works was begun by the city, 
under the direction of Engineer Bishop, of Middletown, and Decem- 
ber -25th, 1869, the first water was introduced into the city. The sup- 
ply was from a reservoir of 70 acres, constructed between two hills, 
two and a half miles northwest of the city. Here the water was gath- 
ered from the shed of the two hills, about 300 acres being thus drained, 
and from springs at the bottom of the reservoir. The dam joining 
the hills is 50 feet wide at the bottom, 12 feet wide at the top and 300 
feet long. A head and fall of 250 feet above the railroad station, in 
the city, was thus secured, permitting a flow by gravitation at a pres- 
sure of 105 pounds to the square inch. Compared with the highest 
point on Broad street, the elevation of the reservoir is about 50 feet 
less than the above, with a corresponding decrease in the pressure. 

The main pipes first laid were 12 inches in diameter, the distri- 
buting pipes being from 4 to 8 inches in diameter. At the end of 
four years, more than 20 miles of pipes were in use, and the consump- 
tion of water steadily increased. In 1874 a canal was built from the 
east, half a mile long, to mcrease the drainage into the re.servoir. In 
1877 the supply was further increased by building a canal a mile long, 
from the northwest, and draining 700 acres more of land. In 1885 
title to this land and right of water privilege were secured, giving the 
reservoir a drainage area of 1,000 acres. The length of these canals 
has been increased, giving still better drainage. In 1877 the service 
to the city was also improved by laying an iron main 16 inches in 
diameter from the reservoir to Harbor brook, near Main street, thus 
affording two outlets. By the end of the year the cost of the works 
was not far from $340,000. Since that time about $50,000 more has 
been expended on the works, making their approximate cost, in 1890, 
nearly $400,000. 

In 1880 the keeper's house, at the reservoir, was built, and a new 
iron bridge constructed at the well house. The earth forming the 
sides of the reservoir being of trap rock, considerable water is lost 
through filtration, and in 1888 a new dam was built below the old one 



476 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

with a view of arrestino- the leakaafe. Within the reservoir from eiarht 
to twenty feet depth of water are stored, the full capacity being about 
360,000,000 gallons. 

In 1881 the department introduced the meter system of selling 
water to manufacturing establishments, and 52 meters were placed in 
position that year. In 1889 the number was 77. The largest con- 
sumer was the Meriden Britannia Company, using about 35,000,000 
gallons per year. At this time there were 220 public hydrants, for use 
in case of fire; four public watering troughs and five stand pipes. The 
entire number of services was 2,788. Of the water takers there were 
4,000 families, 45 factories, and 95 saloons. The receipts of the depart- 
ment were, in 1889, $51,456.51, and the net earnings $27,-520.88. 

The superintendents of the water works have been: 1879-86, H. L. 
Schleiter: 1887, Oscar Parker; 1888-9, John B. Dunlop; 1890, H. L. 
,Schleiter. 

In 1891 a new pumping station was begun, in the town of Berlin, 
3^ miles north from the city, from which the pure water at that point 
will be conveyed directly to the city, by means of large distributing 
pipes. The public supply can be doubled by this system, which will 
cost $200,000. 

The destructive fire, November 27th, 1846, at Julius Pratt's comb 
shop, which caused the loss of $60,000 worth of property and the death 
of W. B. Hall, demonstrated how poor was the protection against a 
general conflagration. The town was aroused, but several years 
elapsed before there was an organized effort to stay the fiery element. 
In 1850 the town bought a small gooseneck hand engine and a few 
men were formed into a company to man it, with Robert Oughton as 
the foreman. After a few years the company lost interest in the 
organization and the machine was set aside. Many years later it be- 
came the property of Charles Parker, for use in his shops. 

Cataract Engine Company, No. 1, was organized not long after and 
placed on a more permanent basis. Of this company Robert Oughton 
was also the foreman, but on his removal he was succeeded bj' Azariah 
J. Riggs. This company enlisted the support of the leading people 
in the town and at one time had one hundred members. Its place of 
meeting was in a building on the opera house lot. and very stringent 
rules governed its affairs. The company manned an engine of the 
piano-box pattern, which had been purchased in New York by Curtis 
L. North, who took a great interest in these affairs. This engine did 
good service until it was burned at the woollen mills fire, in 1865. 
After a number of years the Cataract Company disbanded and the 
engine was manned by the citizens at the fires. 

Meantime, in 1856, a " Bucket Brigade " had been gotten up by T. 
J. Coe, which was also in .service several years. Its equipments con- 
sisted of buckets and ladders, carried on a light truck, and the ap- 
paratus was stored at the same place as the old engine. In this period 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 477 

occurred, March 9th, 1863, a conflag^ration which has passed into the 
history of Meriden as the " Great Fire." All the buildings north of 
Mam street and between the railroad and Colony street, up to what is 
now Winthrop Square, except the old Byxbee House, were swept away. 
Five years later the Byxbee Hou.se was also burned. This fire caused 
the town, at its meeting, April 16th, 1864, to authorize its selectmen 
to purchase engines and to construct reservoirs at suitable points. 
Before this time, John C. Byxbee and others had formed the Colum- 
bian Engine Company, No. 1, to which Selectman Bela Carter had 
given the property of the old Cataract organization. Soon after this 
the new company had opportunity to purcha.se the equipments of the 
disbanded Charter Oak Fire Company, of Hartford, which were 
labelled with the name of that body. Hence it was decided by the 
Meriden company to substitute that name for the Columbian, that 
organization now becoming the Charter Oak Engine Company, No. 1. 
Of this new company Charles H. Warner, Hiram Knight and John 
C. Byxbee were active early members. The Charter Oak Hose Com- 
pany was also organized in 1868 as a companion to the engine com- 
pany, and George O. Higby was the first foreman. The latter organi- 
zation is still maintained. An engine house for these companies was 
secured by Selectman Carter, on State street, near Main, being the 
first one distinctly so used in the city. 

Encouraged by the action of the town in 1864 and believing that 
two companies would be beneficial to the place, John C. Byxbee, 
Thomas King, William Judge and others organized Washington 
Engine Company, No. 2. Tt was soon apparent that this belief was 
correct. A well-ordered rivalry sprang up between the two com- 
panies, causing them to frequently practice and making them more 
efficient in service. The Washington Company had, as its first engine, 
the first machine brought to the town and which had been so long 
unused. Becoming dissatisfied with it, they sold it to Charles Parker 
and applied the proceeds, with other moneys raised, to the purchase, 
at Providence, of a really good engine, and thoroughly manned the 
same. 

The selectmen being authorized to build another engine house, 
the Pratt street station was erected and dedicated in 1867. The 
engine of the Washington Company was used until there was no 
further need for hand machines, when the town purchased it and 
after using it some time, at South Meriden, removed it to the alms- 
house for service at that place. When the company was in its prime, 
in 18G7, the engine was manned to throw a stream of water 218 feet, 
eclipsing the efforts of No. 1, in this direction. 

Before that time, the two companies were given an opportunity 
to demonstrate their usefulness at the woollen mill fire, May 3d, 1805, 
when the large frame building standing on the site of the present 
Wilcox Silver Plate Works, wa.s completely destroyed. The loss was 



478 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

about §250,(»U0, and Edward Ten Eyck was killed by the falling of an 
•eave trough. The Charter Oak Company in its haste to get a stream 
of water on ran its engine so near the flames that it took fire and had 
to be abandoned. It was burned so much that it could no longer be 
used and Washington Company and the Hook and Ladder Company 
•did the remainder of the work at that fire. The Charter Oak Com- 
pany was without an engine about two years, when a new crane neck 
•engine was procured, at Newark, New Jersey, which was the one used 
in 1867 and was in the service of the company until after the water 
department had erected its hydrants on the principal streets of the 
■ city, when the engine companies disbanded and this engine was sold. 

In connection with the Washington Company a hose company 
was organized in April, 1S(^^^, which was in existence until 1870, when 
it consolidated with another company, becoming the present Byxbee 
Hose Company, No. 2. 

After the heavy fire of I860 the town was impressed with the need 
of better organization and June 1st, 1866, appointed O. H. Piatt, 
John C. Byxbee, Ira Twiss, Isaac C. Lewis and Charles Parker, a com- 
mittee to devise means to that end. The selectmen were also author- 
ized to offer a reward of $1,000 for the apprehension of an incendiary, 
guilty of the crime of setting any fires from which the town suffered. 
No doubt, the discussion of this matter hastened the incorporation of 
the city, in 1867, and, under its charter, the Volunteer Fire Depart- 
ment was organized the same year. John C. Byxbee was appointed 
the first chief engineer and was succeeded, in 1868, by J. W. Hiney, 
at that time superintendent of the Meriden Britannia Company's 
works. Charles H. Warner became the chief engineer in 1869 and 
served more than two years, having Arthur J. Hughes as his first 
assistant. He first introduced a methodical system of alarms, which 
was a great iniprovement upon the indiscriminate method before used 
and which often resulted in confusion. Robert Oughton was the 
next chief engineer and the last under the volunteer sy.stem. 

In this period the department was practically reorganized. In 1871 
the hand engines went out of use, and those companies were dis- 
banded. The liose and hook companies were strengthened by ad- 
ditions from those bodies, as nearly a hundred men had passed out of 
service. As reorganized there were the following companies: Charter 
Oak Hose Company, No. 1, on State street; Byxbee Hose Company, 
No. 2, on Pratt street; Parker Hose Company, No. 3, on Center street; 
Wilcox Hose Company, No. 4, on Camp street; Ever Ready Hook and 
Ladder Company, No. 1, on Pratt street. Each truck carried 450 feet 
of hose. There was one engineer, two assistant engineers, five fore- 
men, ten assistant foremen, and 73 men in the ranks. 

In 1872 occurred a number of disastrous fires, among them being 
those of the Malleable Iron Company, March 11th, loss $40,000; the 
•Cook and other blocks on Main street, April 29th, loss S2o,000; the 



HISTORV OF XEW KAVEN COUNTY. 479 

Meriden Britannia Company, September 29th, loss $45,000. The ag- 
gregate losses in the year were $153,550 — an amount so large that the 
necessity for still better organization was forcibly urged upon the 
court of common council. 

The Meriden Paid Department was introduced in 1873. John C. 
Byxbee was secured as the chief engineer, and served two years. In 
the first year of this department the losses by fire were $78,741; more 
than two-thirds of which were included in the fire at Lyon & Billard's 
planing mill on the 15th of July. In 1874 the losses were only $27.- 
260. In 1875 the losses were somewhat greater, but, all things con- 
sidered, there has been an encouraging decrease since the organiza- 
tion of this department. In 1875 Edward Roark was the chief 
engineer; in 1876-7, John F. Butler; and from 1879 until 1887, Isaac 
B. Hyatt. 

Under his administration the efficiency of the department was 
greatly promoted. In the fall of 1880 the Gamewell Fire Alarm sys- 
tem was introduced, at a cost of §4,200, and was ready for use June 
0th, 1S81. Eighteen signal stations were established, fifteen being 
street boxes. In its operation eight miles of wire were required, work- 
ing on seven gongs and one large striker. Three thousand dollars 
was expended in the erection of a new bell tower at the Pratt street 
station, in which was placed a Jones & Co. Troy bell, weighing 0,142 
pounds, which was now used to strike the alarms instead of the bell 
of St. Andrews church, formerly used. E. B. Baker was appointed 
superintendent of the alarm system, and served until 1887, when he 
was succeeded by W. G. Riggs. The alarm telegraph has proven very 
serviceable, and the system has been perfected and extended, there 
being in December, 1889. 24 street boxes, and the value of the prop- 
erty connected with the system was more than $9,000. 

In 1880 the oifice of fire marshal was created, and until 1888 the 
position was held by S. C. Pierson. After two years' service by j\I. F. 
Fitzgerald, David Bloomfield became the marshal, in 1890. At the 
time this arrangement was made, in 1880, the department numbered 
72 men, not including the 20 men connected with Volunteer Company 
No. 5. In 1881 the expense of the department was $14,891.89. Two 
fires of importance occurred this year, tho.se of the Meriden House, 
January 12th, with a loss of 8]7,000; and the Charles Parker Company's 
shop, $5,500, on the 23d of April. 

The extension of the city, on the high ground along Broad street, 
where there is not sufficient pressure to use hose service only, induced 
the common council to purchase a steamer for use in that locality. 
Hence, on the 3d of July, 1884, Steamer No. 1 went into service. It is 
of the Sillsby pattern, third size. No. 2 grade, and cost $3,700. For its 
accommodation a two-story brick addition was built to the Parker 
Hose house, where have since been the headquarters of those man- 
ning it. 



480 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In 188.1 the total losses by fire were $19,831. One of the most 
serious was March .5th, which threatened the destruction of the C. 
Rogers & Bros, works, and was saved by the timely help of the depart- 
ment, with a loss of $0,000. In 1880, the entire loss was $32,490, of 
which the Meriden Curtain Fixture Company sustained more than 
$25,000, on the first of April. In 1887 the burning of McCarthy's 
livery stable, on the 11th day of April, when the barn and ten horses 
were consumed, was the most serious loss. Sing-ularlv. the burninof 
of the hcse car stables, January 11th, 1888, was also the heaviest loss 
that year, the amount being $30,47o, of a total of $-17,485. Thirteen 
street cars and 78 horses were consumed, the fire burning with such 
rapidity that the department was powerless. In 1889 there were 38 
fires and alarms, but so efficient was the service that the losses 
amounted to but little more than $17,000. 

In 1888 Owen Horan became the chief engineer, holding that posi- 
tion two years, when Isaac B. Hyatt was again placed at the head of 
the department, whose maintenance costs nearly $20,000 per year. 
The force in 1889 consisted of 88 men — 3 permanent men, 65 call men, 
and 20 volunteers. The value of the property owned by the depart- 
ment approximated $50,000. The companies in service were as fol- 
lows : Charter Oak Hose Company, No. 1, on Butler street, 12 men; 
Byxbee Hose Company, No. 2, on Pratt street, 12 men; Parker Ho.se 
Company, No. 3, on East Main street, 12 men; Wilcox Hose Company, 
No. 4, on Colony street, 12 men; Veteran Volunteer Hose Company, 
No. 5, on Camp street, 20 men; E. J. Doolittle Truck Company, No. 1, 
on Pratt street, 16 men; .Steamer No. 1, manned by Parker Hose Com- 
pany. The hose companies carried 5.200 feet of hose, and the num- 
ber of fire hydrants was 220. From these a pressure of 85 to 11.") pounds 
per square inch could be obtained. 

Briefly, the history of the companies constituting the department 
is as follows ; 

Charter Oak Hose, No. 1, organized in 1863, and until 1871 con- 
temporary with Charter Oak Engine Company. The quarters on 
Butler street are commodious and attractive, being a two-story brick. 
Have an old four-wheel hose carriage and a "jumper." Total value of 
property, $4,855. 

Byxbee Hose Company, No. 2, was organized in 1805 as the Wash- 
ington Company. In 1807 the present name was taken in compliment 
to John C. Byxbee. In 1870 it joined the department, and has since 
been one of the leading companies in the city. In July, 1885, a four- 
wheel horse hose wagon, with a horse, took the place of the com- 
pany's "jumper," and was placed in care of E. J. Corrigan, driver, who 
has been connected with the department twenty years. The new 
apparatus is used with gratifying results. Value of the company prop- 
erty is $6,825. 

Parker Hose Company, No. 3, was organized November 9th, 1869, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 481 

and it has since been the reliable company of the Hill district. The 
first house was on Center street, opposite Saint Rose church. Since 
1877 it has had the quarters on East Alain street, which are large and 
commodious, when used for hose purposes only. It is supplied with 
useful and handy contrivances, and is also a pleasant social retreat. 
A "four-wheeled Spider" is used, and since 1884 the company also 
mans the steamer. No. 1 . The value of the property controlled is 
89,8.")(). 

Wilcox Hose Company, No. 4, began as a volunteer company, on 
Camp street, in 1878, but in a short time became a part of the regular 
force. Since 1878 it has had the fine house on Colony street, which 
has been fitted up with taste and supplied with many conveniences, 
more improvements being made in 1888. Richard Shaw has been 
clerk of the company since 1876. This company now serves a district 
in which the Americus Hose Company, No. 6, was organized, in 1870, 
but which held together only a short time. The Wilcox property is 
valued at $5,200. 

The Veteran Volunteer Hose Company, No. 5. The removal of 
No. 4 company from Camp street, in the fall of 1878, was the immedi- 
ate cause which led to the organization of this company, January 8th, 
1879. Most of its early members had been connected with the depart- 
ment in its infancy, and the company soon made an enviable record, 
which has kept its ranks filled, although .still a volunteer organization. 
The headquarters of the company are maintained on Camp street, the 
value of the property being $2,200. 

E. J. Doolittle Truck Company, No. 1, was organized in 1868 as 
the Ever Ready Hook and Ladder Company, William Haggerty being 
the first foreman. Its headquarters are on Pratt .street, with the 
Byxbee Hose Company, and are well equipped. In 1886 the old truck 
was sold and a new and improved truck purchased by the city at a 
co.st of $1,750, which was put into j5ervice by James O. Brainerd, fore- 
man of the Doolittle Company, which title was taken in compliment 
to Mayor Doolittle. The truck has a capacity to carry 318 feet of 
ladders and is drawn by a span of trained honses, purchased in 1887, 
and having Julius Lego as the driver. The total value of the com- 
pany's property is $8,375. 

In 1873 an eiTort was made by the department to maintain a benev- 
olent association, which was abandoned in the course of a few years. 
But in June, 1882, a similar movement resulted in establishing the 
Relief Fund of the Meriden Fire Department. The nucleus of this 
fund was the proceeds of a fireman's picnic held at Terrace Garden, 
in September, 1882, and it has since that time been properly aug- 
mented. Timely and substantial aid has been given to disabled 
members of the department, and the wisdom of having such a fund 
has been frequently demonstrated b}- its benevolent effects upon the 
families assisted. 
30 



482 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The Meriden Gas Light Company was formed in ISOO with a capital 
of $30,000, Eli Butler being the first president and S. Dodd, Jr., the 
secretary and treasurer. In the fall of 1863 the works created by it 
were placed in operation under the superintendence of Charles L. 
Fabian. The service at first was limited but in 1871 there were six 
miles of mains in operation. In 1879 the mains measured nine miles 
and in 1889, twelve miles. 

The first works were on South Colony street, but after ten years 
use they were abandoned and new works erected on Cooper street, 
where was located one gasometer and another on Putnam street. The 
capacity of production is 200,000 cubic feet per day, a large proportion 
of which is used for fuel purposes by manufacturing establishments. 
The works are in good condition and are under the management of 
J. A. Hadley, the superintendent since 1806. 

After the death of Eli Butler, in 1881, George R. Curtis became 
the president of the company and still so serves. S. Dodd has been 
the only secretary and treasurer. In the fall of 1887 the capital of 
the company was increased from $.")0,000 to §17r),000, for the purpose 
of absorbing the interests of the Meriden Electric Light Company. 
In March, 1887, the first electric lighting was done by a foreign cor- 
poration, — the American Electric Light Company — which had a small 
plant on State .street. This property pas.sed to a local company, with 
the above name, which soon after disposed of its interests to the 
Meriden Gas Company. Under their ownership the plant was moved 
to South Colony street and, on the site of the old gas works, a large 
and finel}' equipped plant has been erected under the superintendency 
of E. A. Fitzgerald. The motor is three 100-horse power engines, 
operating five arc light dynamos, capable of illuminating 250 lights on 
the American system. There are also incandescent dynamos to pro- 
duce light for 6.10 Thomson-Houston lamps. In November, 1889, the 
phmt furnished electricity for 85 city arc lights and 05 arc lights in 
commercial use. On the 16th of April, 1887, electric lights were first 
used in the public streets on contract to pay for the same. 

From 1799 for nearly half a century the Hartford & New Haven 
turnpike seemed to supply every want of the town for improved means 
of communication north and south. Hence, when a railway line to 
run parallel with this popular thoroughfare was projected, much oppo- 
sition was aroused. The assembly was petitioned for a charter for a 
railway from Hartford to New Haven, as early as 1835, which was 
granted a few years later, and the work of survej'ing a line was begun. 
Three distinct lines between these two cities were suggested, namely, 
7'ia Middletown, Meriden and New Britain; and claimants in each of 
these places endeavored to secure the location of the road through 
their town. The ruule through Meriden had been pointed out by 
Doctor J. G. Percival, who discovered its feasibility while making his 
geological survey, and its merits were most warmly and successfully 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 483 

urged by Major Elisha A. Cowles. As originally contemplated, the 
railroad would have been built on the lowlands east of Broad street, 
which would have afforded a direct and natural route. But the farmers 
in that section were so decidedly opposed to the railway that the 
present route through West Meriden was taken at the earnest solicita- 
tion of James S. Brooks. He was a man of influence and owned lands 
along Harbor brook, which thus became valuable, as the business of 
the Center was ultimately transferred to this place. In the light of 
these events the opposition of the Center farmers appears amusing, 
for they not only lost their home market for " their spare corn and 
hay," which they had been accustomed to sell to teamsters on the 
turnpike, but they also had no market to sell their farms as town 
lots. The turnpike was an unequal competitor of the railroad, and soon 
succumbed. 

The New Haven & Hartford railroad was built to Meriden in 1839, 
this bemg for a short time the terminus of the line northward. The 
first depot was a rude shed-like building, 25 by 25 feet, which served 
every purpose of the company. It stood a little north of Main street, 
and Major Elisha A. Cowles was the depot master. Some time in 1840 
the waiting room was in the Rogers House, southwest of Main street, 
where it remained about two years. After the Conklin House was 
built, in 1842, opposite, and on the north side of Main street, a ticket 
office, waiting room and railroad restaurant were fitted up in that 
building. The original depot on the east side qf the track, was 
used for freight purposes and an engine room. In 1854 a new depot 
was built east of what is now Wmthrop Square, which was burned in 
1868, and the same year a new one was erected on the same site. 
Meantime, the freight depot north of the original station had been put 
up. This was removed farther north in 1881, and upon its site the 
present handsome station begun the same year. It is a brick structure, 
43 by 177 feet, having one main story and a Mansard story, which is 
relieved by turrets, the center one bearing a flag staff. In the interior 
are found large waiting rooms and the conveniences of a well-appointed 
modern railway station. The carriage approach is on the east side; 
and on the west side, along the railway track, is a canopied platform, 
23 feet wide and 503 feet long, suppoi-ted by iron columns. This 
station was occupied in July, 1882. 

The freight depot was also completed in 1882, and is a brick build- 
ing, 30 by 360 feet, or three times the size of the old one. The exten- 
sion of side tracks to manufacturing establishments has been steadily 
increased, there being more than a half dozen miles. The tonnage of 
freight has kept proportionate increase, being more than double what it 
was ten years ago. In 1889 it approximated 180,000 tons. Twenty-eight 
passenger trains per day offer speedy transportation to points north 
and south, few cities of this size having better facilities of this nature 
offered by one line of road. 



484 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Although having excellent facilities for transportation north and 
south, the manufacturers of ]\Ieriden long- felt the need of hav- 
ing a direct east and west line. This led to the consideration of several 
projects, including a railroad to Cheshire, and in June, 186!). the 
Meriden & Cheshire Railroad Company was chartered, but it failed to 
organize. Better results followed the effort to build a railroad to 
Cromwell, on the Connecticut river, where water communication to 
New York could be secured. A company, with a capital stock of $300,- 
000, was organized, which built a road which was opened April 6th, 
188:5. The total length of the track, including sidings, and the exten- 
sion on Center street, of nearly a mile in length, was 13.20 miles, which 
was all laid with steel rails on a well-ballas ed bed. This road was 
constructed and managed by home enterprise and local capital, and 
had an encouraging patronage. 

The extension westward appearing advantageous, the ^leriden & 
Waterbury Railroad Company was organized by members of the aboye 
company and citizens of Waterbury, who, in April, 1887, raised $125,- 
000 as their .share of the funds. On the 3d of May, 1887, the two 
companies consolidated their interests, and May 18th the Meriden, 
Waterbury & Connecticut River Railroad Company was organized 
and directors elected. On the 7th of July, 1887, ground was broken 
on the Waterbury exten.sion, and the work of con.struction went on 
apace until the 17 miles of roadway were completed. In its length 
it cros.ses 88 streets and highways, being carried over all of them over- 
head. The road' was formally opened July 4th, 1888. when a train of 
nine cars was run between the two cities by Conductor Booth. On 
the 15th of July freight trains commenced making regular trips. In 
1889 the tonnage of freight carried was more than CiO, 000 tons, and the 
number of pa.ssengers was over 70,000. The length of the tracks, 
main and sidings, was 30.84 miles. The running .stock of the com- 
pany was made up of o engines, 12 passenger cars, 18 box and 187 
gondola freight cars. Ten trains per day are maintained. 

In 1889 the capital stock of the company was $500,000, nearly all 
of which was held in the two cities, and the affairs were controlled by 
Horace C. Wilcox,* president; E. D. Steele, vice-president; George 
Rockwell, secretary and treasurer; H. L. Wade, assistant treasurer; H. 
C. Wilcox, George R. Curtis, Samuel Dodd, A. Chamberlain and C. L. 
Rockwell, Meriden, directors; and E. D. Steele, A. S. Chase, H. A. 
Matthews and H. L. Wade, Waterbury, directors. Charles M. Craw- 
ford is the superintendent of the road and H. L. B. Pond, the general 
freight agent. 

The offices of the company are at Meriden, in the fine depot 

building, on West Main street. The structure is 30 by 115 feet, the 

main part being two stories high, with roof sloping to one story ends. 

The south end of the building is relieved by a lower. The material 

* Died August 27lh, l.siK). 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 485 

is Cromwell brown stone and blue and red slate. The depot and 
offices were completed for occupancy in June, 1889. Frederick L. 
vSmith was the first depot master. 

This road has terminal facilities at Cromwell and Waterbury with 
roads east and west and will ultimately form part of a through line 
from the Hudson to the sea coast. It has pleasant scenic attractions 
on its line and Laurel Grove, in the town of Prospect, has been opened 
as a most inviting day resort and excursion ground. 

Along the railways are maintained the lines of the Western Union 
and other telegraph companies, giving the city rapid service. In the 
fall of 1887 the American Telephone and Telegraph Company con- 
structed its line through the town, west of the center, supplying the 
city with a loop. Long distance telephone communication is by this 
line offered to points as remote as Philadelphia and Boston. 

The building of street railways in the city of Meriden was agitated 
many years before the project was accomplished, For this purpose 
charter privileges were sought as early as 1876 by Charles Parker and 
others; and a. later attempt was made to build a line to Hanover, or 
what is now South Aleriden. On the 30th of March, 1886, the general 
assembly again granted charter rights to a number of public spirited 
citizens, to build lines of street railways both in the city and the town 
of Aleriden. Lender this charter a company was organized with a 
capital of $50, 000. George R. Curtis was elected president; Charles 
L. Rockwell, secretary and treasurer; and Daniel Barker was appointed 
superintendent. The contract to build the road was awarded to S. 
W. Hutchinson, and about five miles of track were laid and a horse 
and car barn built on Pratt street. In the winter the work was inter- 
rupted, but on Monday, March 21st, 1887, the Colony street line was 
opened for regular trips. The following day the Pratt and Hanover 
street cars commenced to run, in connection with the former, and on 
Main street early in April, the same year. The equipments of the 
road were new and attractive and, being a recognized public conven- 
ience, the company was well patronized. In one day, in 1887, as high 
as 6,000 fares were taken. On the first of January, 1888, the company 
had 13 closed and 2 open cars; 90 horses and 12 mules; and the whole 
number of employees was 35. On the night of the 11th of January, 
1888, a fire in the harness room of the barn spread so rapidly that 78 
horses and 14 cars were burned, causing a loss of more than $30,000. 
New equipments were supplied and regular trips M-ere but little 
interrupted. 

In the summer of 1888 the road was adopted for the use of elec- 
tricity as a motor and, on the 10th of July, 1888, the first car was run 
by that agency, which is now used on all but the Pratt street line. 
The power is supplied by the Daft Electric Light Company through 
the double trolley system, three 50-horse power generators being used. 
A good plant is maintained on Pratt street. 



486 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Since May, 1889, Norman McD. Crawford has been the superin- 
tendent of the railway company, which operated, in December, 1889, 
about six miles of track through the principal streets of the city, carry- 
ing an average number of 2,200 passengers per day. 

To the manufacturing interests of Meriden maybe attributed what- 
ever prosperity the city enjoys, and their development forms one of 
the most interesting periods in its history. Beginning in a small way, 
several decades ago, industry after industry has been added, until the 
city is one of the acknowledged manufacturing centers of New Eng- 
land, and one that is especially noted for the excellence of its goods. 
In the infancy of this period, it gained a reputation which has since 
been greatly enhanced, as one of the principal points in the Union for 
the production of Britannia, plated and silver wares, lamps, gas 'ind 
kerosene fixtures, cabinet and builders' small hardware, steel and 
plated cutlery, shot guns, clocks, pens, fancy tin goods, carriage goods 
and woolen goods. These still remain principal feattires, and the 
plants devoted to their manufacture have assumed mammoth propor- 
tions. In these establishments other goods are also manufactured, their 
products having become much diversified. But, in addition, new 
manufactures have been introduced, in more recent years, such as 
musical instruments, harness goods, bronze and art goods, and decor- 
ated wares, whose products give these plants a creditable place among 
the older establishments, and have added new luster to the fame of 
Meriden. In diversity of manufactures, quality and quantity of the 
products, few places of the same size make a better showing than this 
city: and, what is still more creditable, nearly all have been developed 
from meager beginnings, by men of small capital, but having a wealth 
of skill, industry and perseverance, who still control these vast enter- 
prises, and who are also the leading citizens in advancing the other 
features in the life of this community. 

To these traits of character of its manufacturers, Meriden largely 
owes its importance as one of the foremost of the young cities of the 
East. This position caused it to be selected as one of the objects of 
visit by the vSouth American delegates to the International American 
Congress, October 10th, 1889. On that occasion an exhibit of .some of 
the manufactures was made, and an epitomized account of the indus- 
tries was prepared, showing that the factories of Meriden produce, out 
of the raw material, several hundred articles used in every family in 
the civilized parts of the globe. It also indicated that here are em- 
ployed a small army of men, among them being hundreds of skilled 
mechanics, who.se workmanship is nowhere else excelled. Some of 
the goods shown were characterized by beauty of design and artistic 
fini.sh, approaching in every respect a state of perfection. 

In its early history the town had the usual milling and mechanic in- 
terests, one of the most notable of the latter being the shoe shop of 
Comfort Butler, as early as 17(»5; and later the shop and tannery of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 487 

his son John. For sixty years "Uncle John" was the principal 
tanner in the town, and at his shoe shop employed a number of men. 
But aside from these, Samuel Yale is credited with being the pioneer 
manufacturer of Meriden. In 1791 he began making cut nails in a 
little shop on the hill, near the Center Congregational meetinghouse, 
using a small hand machine. This required each nail to be headed 
separately. In 1794 he added the manufacture of pewter buttons, 
which, though coarse, found a ready sale. In this work he had the 
assistance of his son, Samuel, who was so long one of the leading 
manufacturers. With the latter was afterward associated his brother, 
Hiram, and in the course of a few years two other brothers, Charles 
and William, became interested, and they manufactured pewter and 
Britannia war. Charles and Hiram Yale removed to Wallingford, and 
at Yalesville demonstrated the possibility of manufacturing Britannia 
goods by greater power than that of foot or horse, and by using im- 
proved machinery. " After this time Samuel Yale had a shop on Liberty 
street, and still later another one on the corner of Broad and Main 
streets, where he made tin and Britannia goods. 

Following the example of the Yales, a number of small shops were 
opened in what is now the city, and in other parts of the town, in which 
tin and pewter or Britannia goods were made. Some of these devel- 
oped into larger establishments and did a flourishing business until 
the decline of these interests. Others were abandoned sooner by 
reason of the concentration of their interests to form a single corpora- 
tion, whose line of manufacture was expanded to embrace other kinds 
of goods. In this way passed out of existence the Britannia shops of 
Isaac C. Lewis, William W. Lyman, Lemuel J. Curtis, James A. Frary, 
John Munson and others, when the Meriden Britannia Company was 
formed, in 1852. 

Another pioneer manufacturer at Meriden was Ashbel Griswold, 
who made tea pots and other articles out of block tin in a shop in the 
northern part of the present city. His operations extended from 
about 1810 to 1842. He was also early engaged in the manufacture of 
Britannia goods, being a.ssociated with Ira Couch and others. Will- 
iam W. Lyman was a partner of the latter at the old Griswold shops, 
in 1844, but later was at Prattsville with Lemuel J. Curtis. Still later 
he was at the Frary shop, on the site of the present Malleable Iron 
Works. After 1855 the Frary shops were used by the American Pow- 
der Flask Company, of which James D. Frary and others were inter- 
ested members. It did not continue long. Lauren Merriam had a 
pioneer shop on the site of Foster, Merriam & Co.'s works, where he 
made buttons of block tin, about the time of the war of 1812. Later 
he manufactured ivory combs at Crow Hollow, selling out in 1830. 
His sons subsequently became leading manufacturers in the town. 

In 1828 Nathan F. Goodrich commenced the manufacture of 

*See history of Wallingford manufactories. 



488 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

japanned and tin ware, using a small shop. In 1830 Ezra Rutty came 
to Meriden, and the firm of Goodrich & Rutty was formed, and the 
busine.ss was much increased. In 1852 Eli Ives was admitted to the 
firm, which became Goodrich, Ives & Rutty. In 1864, by the retire- 
ment of Mr. Goodrich and the admis.sion of E. R. Crocker and Nelson 
Payne, the firm became Ives, Rutty & Co., and so remained until busi- 
ness was dissolved, in 1875. Large shops in the southern part of the 
town were occupied, where from 50 to 100 hands were employed and 
immense quantities of tin ware were manufactured, from 3, 000 to 5,000 
tons of tin being used annually. 

The tin ware manufactory of S. S. Clark, on East Main street, near 
the railway station, was al.so for many years an important industry. 
Mr. Clark was connected with it about forty years, after 1835, and 
under his management the works assumed large proportions, in which 
about 0<) persons found employment. Before the shops were closed, 
some time about ISSO, lamp goods were manufactured at that place. 

In the eastern part of the town Noah Pomeroy and others were 
engaged in the manufacture of tin ware, and this may be said to 
have been the leading industry until about 1840. Most of the goods 
were sold by peddlers from wagons, travelling o\-er large sections of 
the country. 

In the locality .still known as Prattsville Benjamin Twiss manu- 
factured wooden clocks about 1825, and was later engaged in manu- 
facturing coffeepots at the same place. At a more recent period, prior 
to 1852, Britannia ware was made in his old shops by Lemuel J. Cur- 
tis and others. 

The manufacture of ivory combs was at one time so extensively 
carried on in Meriden that it was estimated that two-thirds of those 
goods produced in America were manufactured in this town. The 
industry was begun at Meriden by Merriam & Collins, in 1819, who 
used improved machinery, and for several years had a fine businessat 
Crow Hollow. Their interest passed to Walter Webb c^- Co., about 
1830. Julius Pratt, a practical comb maker, of Saybrook, where the in- 
dustry in America was first developed, came to Meriden early in 1818. 
Several years later he and others, as Howard, Pratt & Co., began mak- 
ing ivory combs in a factory on Harbor brook, below Main street. 
Finding the water power too feeble at that point, the factory was re- 
moved to the locality since called Prattsville. In 1824 Fanner Bush 
became interested in this firm, and when the factory was burned, in 
November, 1846, through his energy it was at once rebuilt, and for 
about thirty years it was occupied m the manufacture of ivory combs, 
piano keys, etc. In 1836 Philo Pratt & Co. commenced comb making, 
and in the cour.se of years these interests at Prattsville, Crow Hollow 
and vSouth Meriden were consolidated, Julius Pratt & Co. becoming 
the principal firm, and Prattsville the main point of manufacture. In 
1803 the interests at Meriden and those at Deep River, Conn., were 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 4S0 

united under the firm name of Pratt, Read & Co. (incorporated), and 
heavy operations were carried on until after 1870, when the Meriden 
interest was removed to Saybrook, and about that time ivory comb 
making was discontinued at Meriden. 

For several years the Wilmot Brothers, who began business about 
1860, manufactured door fenders and other elastic articles. Charles A. 
Roberts had a factory on Crown street, after 18,52, in which he made 
large quantities of stationers' goods. Both interests and a number of 
others, which flourished for a time, found a more successful existence 
in other localities, to which they were removed, or were discontinued 
here. 

A list prepared in 1849 indicated the following manufactories at 
that time:* Julius Pratt & Co., ivory combs, emplo3^ed4'2 hands; Walter 
Webb & Co., ivory combs, employed 33 hands; Pratt, Ropes, Webb & 
Co., table cutlery, employed To hands; Curtis, Morgan & Co., locks, 
latches and small iron castings, emploj^ed 50 hands; Charles Parker- 
coffee mills, latches, vises, Britannia and plated spoons and various 
iron castings, employed 60 hands; C. & E. Parker, brass and iron cast- 
ings; Oliver Snow & Co., iron pumps and all kinds of machinery to 
order, employed 20 hands; Foster, Merriam & Co., casters and a variety 
of brass and iron castings, employed 14 hands; Julius Parker, harness 
trimmings, hinges and iron castings, employed 8 hands; Henry M. 
Foster, spring balances and steelyards, employed 3 hands; Julius Ives, 
cast iron inkstands, employed 8 hands; H. T. Wilcox, steelyards and 
bitbraces, employed 7 hands; Sanford, Parmelee & Co., augers, skates, 
rakes and bits, employed 40 hands; Stedman & Clark, plain and 
japanned tin ware, employed 40 hands; Goodrich & Rutty, plain and 
japanned tin ware, employed IS hands; Lauren T. Merriam, plain 
and japanned tin ware, employed 25 hands: H. W. Curtis, plain and 
japanned tin ware, employed 8 hands; Charles Pomeroy, plain and 
japanned tin ware, employed 18 hands; Blakeslee, Stiles & Co., plain 
and japanned tin ware, employed 4 hands; Charles Waterman, kettle 
ears and candlesticks, employed 5 hands; Frary & Benham, Britannia 
ware, employed 10 hands; William W. Lyman, Britannia ware, employed 
6 hands; Isaac C. Lewis. Britannia ware, employed 8 hands: S. L. Cone, 
Britannia ware, employed 4 hands; L. G. Baldwin, Britannia ware and 
spoons, employed 5 hands; Crocker & Pratt, brass and plated articles, 
like letters for signs, lamp chains, stove ornaments, etc., employed 20 
hands; Edwin Birdsey, wood turning, wooden combs and packing 
boxes, employed 15 hands; Birdsey & Williams, bone buttons, em- 
ployed 12 hands; H. Griswold, bone buttons, employed 20 hands; 
Calvin Coe, neat's foot oil, ground bones and gypsum, employed 4 
hands; William Hale, suspenders, hands worked at their own houses; 
Jedediah Wilcox, carpet bags; W. K. & S. L. Treat, sashes, blinds and 
* By Reverend Perkins. 



490 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

doors, employed 5 hands; Osgood & Co., platform scales, employed 3 
hands: Samuel Yale, tin ware and lamp screws, employed 4 hands. 

The Meriden Britannia Company is one of the oldest and strongest 
corporations in the city, having been organized in 1852 and incorpor- 
ated under its present charter in 187.3. Its capital stock is $1,100,000. 
It is also preeminently the corporation which has caused the name 
of Meriden to be known in nearly all parts of the civilized globe as 
the "Silver City," and one of the chief manufacturing centers of New 
England. It is, moreover, the corporation which controls the largest 
establishment in the world devoted to the manufacture of silver ware 
and .silver plated goods, producing 4,000 different articles and having 
an annual output of nearly $4,000,000 worth of goods. Its plant is in 
the center of the city and consists mainly of substantial, huge brick 
buildings, most of them five stories high, and having an aggregate 
floor space of nearly ten acres. In them are arranged over 5,000 feet 
of shafting, turned by the most powerful engines, which operate 
every device of labor saving machinery, and yet the services of nearly 
1,200 hands are required to carry on the business of the company. It 
has been estimated that the plant with its attendant good will and 
reputation is worth $20,00i),0()(). Such a vast enterprise is not the 
growth of a day. but can be created only by genius having the ability 
to conceive a plan and persistently carry it out until this business has 
become the foremost of the kind in the world. 

Like most other great successful American manufactories, this 
concern was evolved from a small beginning by men having more 
push and application than capital. Those who founded it have ever 
since been the directing heads and have been inseparably connected 
with its development and growth. They have, also, in the past forty 
years, been clo.sely identified with the progressive interests of the 
town, which has kept pace with the development of this industry, the 
one growing up with the other. 

The formation of the company was prompted by the successful 
experience of Horace C. and Dennis C. Wilcox, as salesmen of Britannia 
goods, for some of the small manufacturers of that ware in this locality. 
In 1850 those energetic young men came to Meriden and arranged to- 
sell the products of the factories of James Frary, William W. Lyman. 
Lemuel J. Curtis, Isaac C. Lewis, all of Meriden; and John Munson 
and Samuel Simpson, of Wallingford. After two years all concerned 
were satisfied with the arrangement and convinced that still better 
results would be obtained if their interests were more closely united. 
The company was now organized by these parties, who continued tO' 
produce Britannia goods at their respective factories several years, all 
being tributary to a central office erected on the site of the present 
plant. Isaac C. Lewis was chosen the first president; Horace C. Wilcox, 
secretary; George R. Curtis, treasurer. The latter has held his office 
continuously, having the assistance of George M. Curtis in more recent 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 491 

3'ears. In 186^ Horace C. Wilcox was elected president of the cor- 
poration and Isaac C. Lewis the superintendent. Mr. Wilcox died 
August 27th, 1890, and his eldest son, George H. Wilcox, succeeded 
as manager of the company. In 1865 Dennis C. Wilcox was elected 
.secretary, an office to which George H. Wilcox was afterward elected 
and in which he still serves. 

After a few years successful business by the company it began the 
erection of factory buildings near its office, where its outlying inter- 
ests were concentrated, the smaller shops being abandoned. Since 
that time other buildings have been put up as the business demanded, 
until the plant has attained its present magnitude. In recent years 
a branch factory was located at Hamilton, Ontario, in which 300 hands 
are employed, who produce goods for the Canadian trade. 

The company originally manufactured ordinary Britannia ware, 
but soon began the production of goods of a superior quality, purchas- 
ing the entire interests of Simeon S. and Asa H. Rogers, of Hartford, 
who also engaged in its service. The Rogers Brothers were estab- 
lished in 1847 and were silver platers of superior reputation. Their 
processes and trade mark, " 1847, Rogers Bros., A 1," thus became 
the exclusive property of the Britannia Company, and have proven to 
be of great value. The trade mark stamped upon knives, forks and 
spoons here manufactured, is everywhere taken as evidence of their 
superior quality. 

The company keeps emploj'ed a large force of artisans of the 
greatest skill in designing and engraving, thus keeping abreast or 
even in advance of the changing fashions of the times, in producing 
myriads of articles of utility or ornament. But in every line of goods 
the best material only is used in the manufacture, and all are treated 
alike by the same careful 'process in electro-plating, which was here 
brought to a state of perfection. 

The Wilcox Silver Plate Company had its beginning as the Wilcox 
Britannia Company, which was incorporated December 26th, 1865. 
The present name was adopted in May, 1867. Jedediah Wilcox was 
the first president of the company, and W. C. Humphrey, the secretary 
and treasurer. The original capital of $250,000 has been increased 
to $370,000, the company by growth and absorbtion becoming one of 
the strongest in the city. With this body was merged the original 
Parker & Caspar Company (incorporated in May, 1867), of which John 
E. Parker, Charles Caspar, Philip S. Pelton and Samuel Dodd, Jr., 
were members. For many years the latter has been the secretary and 
treasurer of the present corporation, A. S.Collins being the president. 
The works of the company, on Pratt .street, were erected in 1866, 
upon the site of the burned woollen mills and are large and convenient. 
The main building is of brick, four stories high, 40 by 350 feet. Other 
buildings in the plant give a total capacity for nearly 400 operatives. 
The company manufactures an immense variety of silver plated 



492 historn' of new haven county. 

goods, of designs of a very high standard, and contemplates the manu- 
facture of German silver ware at an early day. The output is about 
$700,000 per year, which finds ready sale in many lands, and the prod- 
uct is steadily increasing. 

The Meriden Silver Plate Company was organized as a corporation 
under the laws of the state, in the spring of 1870, by Charles Caspar, 
George R. Curtis, W. R. Mackay, Isaac Cornwall, W. E. A. Bird and 
others. The two first named were the principal officers. W. R. 
Mackay was chosen the superintendent and has since so served. In 
more recent years George R. Curtis was elected president; F. E. 
Knight, vice-president; and R. H. Curtis, the secretar_y and treasurer. 
Beginning in a small factory, in which 2;") hands were employed, the 
works have been enlarged and improved until, in 1890, the real estate 
was valued at $76,000. The main building, on North Colony street, 
is six stories high and has dimensions 60 by Do feet. It is of brick in 
the Eastlake style and contains an attractive office. A glass cutting 
shop is 30 by 64 feet, in which 80 men are employed in cutting and 
engraving glass most artistically, for use on the company's plated 
ware. This embraces many novel and chaste designs, principally in 
hollow ware, the services made by this company being noted for their 
handsome appearance. In all departments several hundred men are 
emploved. 

Wilbur B. Hrdl's silver plated ware factory, in the eastern part of 
the city, was established in 1882. The products are a ver}' large 
variety of small silver plated table ware and articles for ornamental 
use. From twenty to thirty people are engaged in this line of work. 

The C. Rogers & Bros. Silver Plating Establishment '•■ ranks as one 
of the foremost m the city of Meriden. The firm comprises the three 
Rogers brothers — Cephas B., Gilbert and Wilbur F. — who began busi- 
ness in 1806. At first only a small building was occupied in the manu- 
facture of coffin trimmings, tea-pot knobs and flat table ware, but 
which proved to be of such a fine quality that the business has steadily 
expanded since that time, until 300 persons are employed. The plant 
at the foot of Butler street consists of a number of large brick build- 
ings, erected with a view to their convenience and adaptation to the 
wants of this industry. The line of manufacture has been increased, 
that of brass furniture being lately added. Among the recent improve- 
ments is a new bra.ss furnace which will give the firm still greater 
opportunity for diversified products. The flat ware of the Rogers 
Brothers has become justly celebrated for its excellence and many 
new designs in plated goods and (jerman silver have been originated 
and patented by them, which has still further enhanced their reputa- 
tion as silver workers. 

Edward Miller & Co. ,+ manufacturers of lamps, chandeliers, bronze 
and brass goods, have one of the largest establishments of the kind 

*See biography of Cephas H, Rogers. f See also biograjjhy luhvard Miller 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. ' 493 

in the state. The works embrace immense brick buildings, equipped 
with the most approved machinery that experience can suggest and 
money procure, and the plant is alike creditable to the city and the 
corporation which has created it. When about 15 years old Mr. Miller 
was employed by Horatio N. Howard, manufacturer of lamp screws, 
oil screws and candlestick springs. He afterward was employed for 
about two years by Stedman & Clark, manufacturers of tin ware, in- 
cluding candlesticks and lamps, on East Main street. He then formed 
a partnership with his father, under the firm name of Joel Miller & 
Son, and began the manufacture of these goods in an old shed on 
Broad street, using foot power lathes and presses. The partnership 
continued until Edward was 20 years old, when he bought out his 
father's interest. His business increased and horse power was soon 
substituted. Later a larger shop, with steam power, was occupied, in 
which the brass parts of fluid lamps were made. In 1856 his shop was 
burned down. Larger works took its place, and after the manufacture 
of brass kerosene lamp goods was begun, the business increased very 
rapidly. In 1866 the firm was incorporated under the laws of the 
state, with a capital of $200,000, which has been increased to $250,000. 
Edward Miller was chosen president of the corporation, and has since 
remained at its head. W. H. Perkins served many years as treasurer, 
an office later filled by Edward Miller, Jr. 

In 1868-9 a large brass rolling'mill was erected, and the manufac- 
ture of sheet brass on a large scale was begun. Various articles are 
also produced of copper and German silver, and in more recent years 
many kinds of bronze ornaments have been manufactured, in addition 
to the specialties of the firm — the celebrated Rochester lamp, in a 
variety of patterns, and Niagara oil and gas burners. Many skillful 
metal workers are employed, and in all nearly 500 persons find occu- 
pation in these works. 

The Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company was incorpor- 
ated m January, 1875, with a capital of $300,000, the corporators being 
Walter Hubbard, Nathaniel Bradley, Charles F. Linsley and George 
R. Hubbard. These have also since been the officers of the corpora- 
tion, which has become one of the largest of its kind in the world. 
The beginning of this vast enterprise was on a small scale, some years 
before the incorporation, and the business was developed to its present 
magnitude by the skill, tact and energy of the members of the com- 
pany whose name it bears, and who started out with a determination, 
to which they have studiously adhered, to produce only the best goods 
of the best material. Hence the association of the general trade mark, 
" B. & H.," is synonymous with the excellent quality of the wares, and 
more especially of the lamp and lamp goods which have brought the 
corporation fame and wealth. With 'the expansion of the capacity 
have come increased variety of manufactures, all of the same high 
type of character as the original products. Chief among these are 



494 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

gas fixtures, bronzes, art metal goods in ornaments, table and fireplace 
furniture, the diversified interests giving employment to the highest 
artistic and mechanical skill. A variety of ingenious machinery is 
also used. In all its appointments this establishment may fairly serve 
as a model manufactory of high grade metal goods, of which lamps 
continue the staple articles. The many good points of the " B. & H." 
lamp have popularized it not only in this country, but in many of the 
markets of the world, large shipments being made to South America. 

The Bradley & Hubbard plant is near the center of the city, on the 
main line of the New Haven railroad, and its acres of large brick 
buildings have been especially erected for the uses of the corporation, 
and to afford working capacity for the thousand people in its service. 

The Charles Parker Company was organized December 26th, 1876, 
the capital being $500,000; and the stockholders were: Charles Parker, 
Charles E. Parker, Dexter W. Parker and Theodore F. Breese. The 
first three are the principal officers of the company, Charles Parker 
having been the president since its organization. He is the founder 
of the vast interests controlled by the corporation, and is perhaps more 
distinctively than any other man living, the pioneer of successful man- 
ufacturing in Meriden. A sketch of his life and bu.siness career is 
given in another part of this volume. 

The diverse industries controlled by the company could not be ac- 
commodated at the parent plant, although it is one of the most ex- 
tensive of its kind in the state, and other plants have been established 
at Ea,st Meriden, Yalesville and on the New Haven railroad in the city 
of Meriden, some of which are devoted to special features of manu- 
factures, but taken as a whole, producing an almost endless variety of 
goods and giving employment to about one thousand people. 

At the home shops are manufactured a line of goods which have 
become widely known as the " Parker" lamps, which are constructed 
in many useful and artistic forms, and are deservedly popular on ac- 
count of their many merits. The " Parker " vises, screws, etc., have 
also a wide reputation; and the many chaste articles of brass in par- 
lor and hall furniture make a rich and attractive line of products 
which give employment to the greatest skill in those branches of 
manufacture. 

The East Meriden works are large, well appointed and neatly kept. 
They are mainly devoted to the manufacture of Britannia ifictal and 
galvanized iron spoons, immense quantities being produced. 

At Yalesville are older shops on a good water power, which arc de- 
voted to the manufacture of " Parker '" coffee and spice mills and pack- 
ing cases, a million feet of lumber being consumed annually in the 
latter work. 

The shops of the " Parker "Brothers," on the New Haven railroad, 
south of Mam street, are given up to the widely celebrated " Parker'* 
shot gun, whose excellence has been attested in many trials in this 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 495 

and foreign countries, when it received the award of the first prize. 
It is claimed that this is not only the largest, but also the most com- 
plete and best equipped shot gun factory in the world. The weapons 
are breech loading, and have been improved so as to be practically 
hammerless, making it one of the safest fire arms m the world. This 
latter feature is the invention of the superintendent, C. A. King. 

On the site of these works were formerly the auger and bit shops 
of James S. Brooks, succeeded by the firm of Parker, Snow, Brooks & 
Co., who were in turn succeeded, in 1853, by the Meriden Machine 
Company, of which the directors were: S.W. Baldwin, James H. Breck- 
enridge, Oliver Snow, Charles Parker and John Parker. In subsequent 
years the latter became the owners of the property. 

The Parker & Whipple Company was incorporated in March, 1868, 
with a capital of $100,000 and a board of directors composed of John 

E. Parker, Henry J. P. Whipple, L. J. Curtis, John Parker and H. C. 
Wilcox. The two first named were the president, secretary and treas- 
urer of the company. In 1889 John Parker was the president and F. 

F. Breese held the other offices. The company was organized to 
succeed to the business of Parker & Whipple, as manufacturers of 
door locks, knobs and builders' hardware and trimmings, who began 
that industry in 1859, at the locality called " Crow Hollow." Pre- 
viou.sly this site had been occupied for manufacturing purposes by 
Lauren Merriam, Walter Webb & Co., and others, various articles 
being manufactured there. Water was the original power, the .supply 
being from a small stream flowing from the hills. In later years 
steam was added as a supplementary power. 

The works of the Parker & Whipple Company embrace several 
large buildings, including iron and brass foundries. A large number 
of men were formerly employed, which had the effect of creating a 
small hamlet in that section, which is still locally called "Crow 
Hollow." In 1889 the products of the company were mainly clocks, 
which were here made in a variety of sizes and styles, some being 
unique in appearance, and all were reputed good time keepers. 

The corporation of Manning, Bowman & Company was organized 
inMiddletown, Conn., and in 1872 transferred its business to Meriden, 
occupying the triangular space formed by Pratt, Miller and Catlin 
streets. A small building was occupied and less than fifty hands 
were employed. From this has grown the present immense establish- 
ment, having a continuous frontage on the three streets of 750 feet 
and being four stories high. In addition there are large buildings on 
the opposite side of Catlin street, for various uses of the company, 
which manufactures its own gas for lighting and manufacturing 
purpo.ses. The fuel of the 100-horse power engine is crude petroleum. 
In the factory improved machinery is used and a large force of hands 
employed, in the production of planished tin and copper goods, granite 
iron and pearl agate ware, etc. 



•19(; HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

At the Centennial Exposition, in 1876, the company had an exhibit 
which included its first granite ware tea pot with white metal mount- 
ings. A medal was there awarded and the exhibits at other world's 
fairs were similarly complimented. In 1878 the company invented 
and patented metal trimmed iron ware, which has since become world- 
famous. Since that time, however, the variety of designs has been 
greatly increased and the finish improved. The skill and enterprise 
of the company have produced an innovation in this line of manufac- 
tures which has resulted in the production of hollow ware for table 
use, which is not excelled for beauty and superiority in every respect, 
by a similar establishment in the world. The officersof this company 
are E. B. Manning, president; Robert Bowman, secretary and 
treasurer. 

The cutlery interests of the town have been extended and promi- 
nent features of its manufacturing history many years. An account 
of the oldest company appears in connection with a sketch of South 
Meriden, where it is located. The Miller Brothers Cutlery Company 
was established at Yalesville, in 1870, by William H. and George W. 
Miller, who were soon joined by Henry Lewis, for the manufacture 
of pocket cutlery. In 1872 their interests were removed to the old 
comb factory of Pratt, Read & Co., where the United States Steel 
Company was consolidated with it. The water power of Harbor 
brook was supplemented by steam and the capacity of the buildings 
enlarged. The main works are 32 by 12(» feet and four stories high, 
in which improved labor saving machinery is used, the company being 
one of the first to adopt machinery for making all the parts of a pocket 
knife interchangeable and the blades of a uniform temper, which has 
given their products a high reputation. 

In 1878 the company was re-organized, with Lemuel |. Curtis as 
president. In 188!) that office was held by Isaac C. Lewis; William F. 
Rockwell was the secretary and treasurer; and C. L. Rockwell and 
George W. Lyon were associate members of the company. 

In 1883 the company purchased the steel pen works of Harris & 
Bradford, of New York, and have since here carried them on in con- 
nection with their pocket cutlery interests and steel ink erasers. The 
high character of the pens designed by George Bradford, one of the 
original steel pen makers in America, has been kept up by the com- 
pany, whose establishment ranks as one of three leading works in the 
country. In this department lOO men are employed; and in the cutlery 
works about 150. The plant of the company embraces about one and 
a half acres and is one of the oldest occupied manufacturing sites m 
Meriden. 

George W. Miller's pocket cutlery works on Mechanic street were 
established in 1880 and discontinued in 1880. Boys' pocket knives 
were made and a dozen people employed. 

Shears and scissors of fine quality are manufactured by Russell S. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 497 

Gladwin, in the central part of the town; and by Joseph Wriggles- 
worth & Son, near the Miller cutlery works. 

The Breckenridge Manufacturing Company was organized in 1887 
to succeed to the business of Breckenridge & Co., which was estab- 
lished in 1864, and whose place of business, since 1868, has been at the 
present plant. Large frame shops are occupied and 75 hands are em- 
ployed. Hardware and sheet metal goods were manufactured until 
1887, when the manufacture of gas and combination fixtures and art 
metal goods in all its branches was begun, and has been successfully 
carried on. The president of the company is F. R. Seidensticker, and 
J. H. Breckenridge is the secretary and treasurer. The other members 
are W. A. Breckenridge and E. D. Hall. Here are also manufactured 
the goods for the Sands Automatic Fan Company, which removed its 
place of business from Bridgeport to Meriden in June, 1888. Of this 
corporation Jesse Sands is the president and Frank E. Sands the treas- 
urer. Their goods are favorably used in all parts of the country, the 
ventilating fan being one of the best yet devised. 

The Kelsey Press Company was organized June 1st, 1889, as suc- 
cessors to William A. Kelsey & Co., who began business in Meriden 
in 1872, manufacturing amateur presses and printing material. These 
articles are still produced on a more extensive scale, and a trade has 
been established which reaches to many foreign countries. Eight 
sizes of Excelsior Printing Presses, costing from $3 to $100, are manu- 
factured. The motor is a 15 horse power engine, and 20 hands are 
employed, in a factory on South Colony street. 

The Meriden Bronze Company succeeded to the business estab- 
lished by S. H. Foster, at first confined to casters and furniture trim- 
mings. July 1st, 1882, the interest passed to the Foster Hardware 
Company, whose name was changed, January 1st, 1884, to the present 
title, with the following officers: H. P. Allen, president; William E. 
Gard, secretary and treasurer, and A. H. Jones, manager. These 
officers have been continued. The original capital of $30,000 has been 
increased to $45,000. The plant is in the northern part of the city, 
and the main factory is 450 feet long, a part of it being five stories 
high and built of brick. Nearly 200 hands are employed. The variety 
of products has been greatly increased, embracing bronze and brass 
art goods of every description, the chief being elaborate lamps, tables 
with artistic tops, and other rare and beautiful goods from designs by 
the artists of the company. 

E. D. Castelow's piano and store stool factory was established by 
him in 1855, and continued on the same site until 1885, when the in- 
terest passed to James H. Breckenridge & Son, with E. D. Castelow as 
superintendent. Beginning with one pattern of a wrought iron stool, 
the number increased until thirty different kinds of stools were made 
and a dozen hands employed. 

The piano stool factory of A. Merriam & Co., on Pratt street, estab- 
31 



498 HISTORY' OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

lished in 1873, and which at one time gave employment to 30 men, was 
discontinued after fifteen years operation. 

The Meriden Malleable Iron Company continues the business 
begun in 1861 by the firm of Lyon, Augur & Co., who had a shop on 
the site of the present Bradley & Hubbard works. In 1868 their inter- 
ests and those of ]. H. Canfield & Co. were united, and the present 
corporation formed with a capital of $75,000, which has been increased 
to $120,000. A new plant, on the site of the old Frary .shops, was 
secured, on which fine, large buildings of brick were erected and 
occupied in the fall of 1SG8. Extensive additions were made in 1870, 
and again in 1883, the plant having, in 1889, half a dozen brick 
buildings from one to four stories high, and .supplied with fine ma- 
chinery. In 1870 the manufacture of a full line of lamp and lantern 
fixtures was begun, to which were added cabinet hardware and a large 
variety of small malleables of brass and iron. An average of 350 
hands are employed, and the products of the establishment are in ex- 
cellent demand. The officers of the company are : George W. Lyon, 
president; Eli I. Merriman, secretary and treasurer; and C. L. Lyon, 
superintendent. 

Foster, Merriam & Co., manufacturers of cabinet hardware and 
bronze goods, carry on the business established in 1835 by Albert 
Foster, Hiram Foster, Asaph Merriam, Nelson Merriam, Julius Way 
and Belden, of New Britain. Furniture casters were manufactured 
at "Crow Hollow," the product being 50 sets per day. In 1840 Way 
sold out to John Sutliff and in 1843 Asaph Merriam retired, the firm 
retaining the above title. In 1850 the firm located at the present 
plant, where, in 1853, Alanson Watrous established an iron foundry 
in connection. In 1862 Mr. Watrous died, when the foundry ceased 
to be a distinct interest. Four years later the firm was incorporated 
with a capital of $80,000. In 1880 Nelson Merriam died, and Albert 
Foster in 1882. The officers in 1889 were: John vSutlift", president; 
James R. SutlifT, vice-president; George C. Merriam, secretary and 
treasurer. The plant embraces about four acres of land, on vv-hich 
are extensive brick and frame buildings, well adapted for the business 
and finely equipped. The motor is a 250-horse power engine, and the 
products embrace almost every article in the cabinet hardware line, 
which have a fine reputation for their style and excellence. Two 
hundred hands are employed. 

A. H. Merriam has been engaged since April, 1868, in the manu- 
facture of heavy machinery, such as die presses, spinning lathes and 
work on special orders. A well arranged factory on State street is 
occupied, where a score of men find skillful employment, in the pro- 
duction of some of the finest work of this nature in the .state. 

A recently established interest of the .same nature is the Meriden 
Machine Tool Company, organized to build special machinery and 
tools. The corporation consists of H. Wales Lines, R. L. Peck, Walter 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 499 

L. Cheney and John Johnson, the latter three being young machinists. 
A specialty is made of turning machinery of a peculiar pattern. 

Henry B. Todd has been establi.shed since 1879 as a manufacturer 
of light machinery, tools, etc., occupying since 1885 a shop on South 
Second street, where eight men are employed. 

The Griswold, Richmond & Glock Company is a new corporation 
for the manufacture of copper, galvanized iron and other metal cor- 
nices and ornamental work. A shop on Colony street is occupied 
and, in connection with the stove and range business, a number of 
men are employed. The latter interest was established by N. F. 
Griswold in 1863, and since 1876 John L. Richmond and Charles E. 
Glock have been associate partners in the firm. A handsome store on 
Main street is also maintained. 

The Beecher Manufacturing Company is located on the site for- 
merly occupied by the shops of the American Hardware Company, 
which was incorporated in 1853, with Henry T. Wilcox, president; 
Henry S. Wilcox, secretary; and E. K. Breckenridge, superintendent. 
Steelyard scales, etc., were made in a frame building, which burned 
down about 1860. The above corporation was organized in 1872 for 
the purpose of manufacturing carriage forgings and took its name 
from H. M. Beecher, its first president; D. F. Southwick being the 
secretary and treasurer. For many years H. D. Bassettwas the presi- 
dent, which office was last held by D. F. Southwick; and since 1883 
S. W. Kent has been the secretary and the treasurer. The main shop 
is 220 feet long and is supplied with machinery for making solid drop 
forgings for fine carriages, which have here been brought to a high 
standard, as only the best material is used and skillful workmen 
employed. vSixty people find occupation in producing irons for about 
1,000 vehicles per day. William B. McEeny is the superintendent of 
the works, which have a national reputation. 

The Chapman Manufacturing Company was organized in 1881 and 
incorporated in 1882. Its principal officers were : Lemuel J. Curtis, 
president, succeeded by Isaac C. Lewis; Selah A. Hull, secretary; E. R. 
Chapman, treasurer and general manager. The latter constitute the 
present officers. From a meager beginning the business of the com- 
pany has been increased yearly, until in 1889 it formed an interest of 
fine proportions. The premises occupied, on Britannia street, have 
been enlarged, the main buildings being four stories high, 36 feet 
wide and 180 feet long. A 60-horse power engine furnishes the power 
and 100 persons are employed on the products of the company. These 
consist of fine saddlery hardware, in nickel, brass, gold and imitation 
rubber, sleigh bells, dog collars, horse hair plumes, etc., in a great 
variety of styles and beauty of finish. The active head of the com- 
pany is E. A. Chapman, under whose supervision the business has been 
developed. T. S. Alexander is the superintendent. 

The Meriden Buckle Company is a new corporation, its organiza- 



600 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

tion having been effected in 1889, with G. H. Wilson as president and 
treasurer, and E. A. Wilson, secretary. A factory on Pratt street gives 
employment to a number of men in the production of the Pullman 
and other shoe buckles and clasps. 

The Meriden Saddlery and Leather Company was originally the 
Bond Harness Company, of which L. F. Bond was the prime mover. 
In 1887 a factory building four stories high and 36 by 70 feet was 
erected, on Britannia street, in which the manufacture of harness and 
horse goods was begun. In February, 1889, the Bond Company was 
succeeded by the present corporation, of which George R. Curtis is 
the president, Selah A. Hull the secretary and treasurer, and P. E. 
Hull the superintendent. Under the management of the latter the 
business of the company has been much expanded, 50 men being em- 
ployed in 1889 as " curriers and workers in leather," for the finer 
grades of harness and harness goods. 

The Meriden Harness Company, on South Colony street, was 
established in 1888 by John W. Nichols and others. About 15 hands 
are employed and the interest is a growing one. 

Charles H. Fales' shoe factory, on Miller street, was established in 
1871, a few hands only being employed. In 1889, with the same pro- 
prietor, 60 persons were employed in a three story factory, 30 by 60 
feet, on fine calf and camelopard boots and shoes for men's wear, the 
goods having a fine reputation in the wholesale trade, for which they 
are manufactured. 

In 1858 Anton Reuss came to Meriden and made pocket books in 
a limited way. Since 1869 he has been a manufacturer of fine 
morocco goods in sample cases, etc., producing also the same line of 
work in fine cheaper leathers and plush. Several dozen hands are 
employed. 

The Meriden Flint Glass Company was incorporated April 19th, 
1876, with a capital of $50,000, which was mostly held by members of 
the Britannia Company. The first board of directors had William W. 
Lyman, Horace C. Wilcox, Isaac C. Lewis, Lemuel J. Curtis and Eli 
Butler among its members. Later, Horace C. Wilcox was the presi- 
dent; George R. Curtis the treasurer, and George E. Hatch the secre- 
tary and manager. The latter and Joseph Bourne had been con- 
nected with the New England Glass Works, and were .skilled artisans, 
who here directed an enterprise which produced some of the finest 
ornamental glass — cut, etched and opal — in the country. The com- 
pany erected large and well-appointed glass works, in the northern 
part of the city, and many skilled native and foreign workmen were 
employed. For ten years operations were carried on, work being sus- 
pended in the spring of 1886. The following season James J. Murray 
& Co., of Philadelphia, occupied them for a year, since which they 
have again been vacant. 

In another part f)f the city James D. Bergen has lately successfully 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 501 

manufactured cut and engraved glassware of elegant design and artis- 
tic finish: and some of the silver plating establishments also prepare 
glass for their own use. 

Glass decorating has become an industr}^ at jMeriden in the pa.st 
ten 3^ears. which is affording occupation for a large number of people. 
After the Flint Glass Company discontinued work, in 1886, E. H. 
Kroeber and A. C. Kaeppel began this industry in its old department, - 
and have continued decorating opal ware. 

Near the same time A. G. Eydam and P. J. Handel opened a deco- 
rating establishment, on Miller street, where they employ 19 hands in 
embellishing lamp shades, vases, sugar and salt spills, etc., and letter- 
ing white pottery ware by a peculiar process. Their business is rap- 
idly increasing. 

C.F.Monroe's Decorating Works date their origin from 1882, when 
he began at Meriden on a small scale, extending his business until 
large works are occupied. The present plant, at the Waterbury depot, 
was built in the summer of 1888. It is a large frame, 2i stories high. 
In it are employed from 30 to 50 people, many of them being artists of 
high skill, and all having more than ordinary intelligence. Every 
variety of work is decorated, the paintings embracing designs from 
nature, landscapes, portraits and figures. The art novelties show the 
highe.st degree of skill in design and execution, many being the con- 
ception of Mr. Monroe, who is a master in this art, and this establish- 
ment is regarded as one of the leading decorating works in New Eng- 
land. 

The Meriden Curtain Fixture Company continues the business 
established in 1869 by S. L. Sawyer and Chauncey Buckley. Later, 
Charles Parker became interested, and the'capital and scope of manu- 
facture were increased. In 1884 the works were located on Broad 
street. The goods patented and manufactured by this company are 
superior for their uses, and since the decoration of window shades has 
been added many chaste and unique designs have been produced. 
This is also a growing interest. 

The Eaton & Peck Company are artistic designers, photo-lithog- 
raphers, photo-engravers, printers and embossers. This is a new 
company, which began business in the fall of 1888. It was formed by 
the union of the interests of the Peck Printing Company (composed of 
the Peck Brothers) and the Illustrating & Engraving Company, which 
had among its members L. F. Eaton and others. The latter was 
chosen president of the new company, and C. A. Peck secretary and 
trea.surer. In course of time the latter was succeeded byC. L. Evarts. 
The company has established a growing business, its excellent work 
being in demand by the manufacturers of the city, whose catalogue and 
special printing at various offices amounts to about $250,000 per year. 
In September, 1889, the company occupied the Railway vSignal Build- 
ing, which has been well equipped with modern machinery, requiring 
besides the services of 18 persons. 



502 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

A somewhat similar interest is carried on by Sanford & Co., wood 
engravers at their establishment on West Main street. This business 
was established after the war by Edson Sanford, and since that time 
he has done the illustration work for nearly a hundred catalogues. 
From 6 to 10 skilled men are employed. In this connection D. S. 
Griswold's electrotyping establishment may be noted as one of the 
pioneer enterprises of that nature, which is also successfully main- 
tained. 

The Hall Railway Signal Company was organized November l.st, 
1873 havino- among its members Charles Parker, president; Dexter 
W Parker Alvah W. Hall, Thomas S. Hall. The following year it 
became an incorporated body, and a fine plant for its use was prepared 
in the northern part of the city. Here Hall's railway signals were 
manufactured, under the management of Thomas S. Hall, about ten 
years, when the interest was removed to Bridgeport. 

Near this place the Standard Oil Company secured a site m June, 
1889, upon which large storage tanks have been erected for the prod- 
ucts of the company, to be distributed in this locality. 

The Meriden Woollen Mills were for a number of years the mo.st 
important industry in the town. They had their origin in the carpet- 
bag business of Jedediah Wilcox, which was begun in a small way, 
in 1848, but in the course of a few years had an aggregate business, 
running into many thousands of dollars. The manufacture of goods 
for ladies' wear, .such as belts, .skirts, cloaking, etc., was added, and in 
1864 the firm of J. Wilcox & Co. became an incorporated body, with 
a capital of $200,000, the associates being Eli I. Merriman, Hezekiah 
H. Miller, Charles H. Collins and Edmund N. Wilcox. Large factory 
buildings, on the east side of upper Pratt street were occupied and 
hundreds of people were employed, when the works were swept away 
by fire. May 3d, 1865, involving a loss of $250,000. After this the fine, 
large four story brick factory, nearly opposite the old one, was erected 
and equipped in the most thorough manner, making it one of the 
best mills in the state. For several years after its occupancy its prod- 
ucts were in so great a demand that it was constantly run to its full- 
est capacity, consuming 500,000 pounds of wool per year. After 1870 
the business of the company declined and various interests have since 
had a place in the plant: the Avery Spinning Company, from 1872 
until 1878, and the Meriden Woollen Company, having as their mem- 
bers some of the old firm, from 1874, for about six years. The plant 
passed to Rawsiter & Brother, who leased the mill to the Willow 
Dale Company, in 1884, and woollen blankets were manufactured. 
Since 1880 Rawsiter & Brother have themselves operated the mills 
on woolen goods, The motor is a fine 350-horse power Corliss engine, 
operating 80 broad looms and giving employment to 175 hands. 

The Wilcox & White Organ Company ■■ was organized in 1876, and 
*See also biography of Henry K. White. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 503 

incorporated Alay 4th, 1876. Horace C. Wilcox was chosen president; 
J. H. White, secretary and treasurer; H. K. White, managing super- 
intendent. The present officers are: J. H. White, president and treas- 
urer; F. E. Bemis, secretary; Howard White, superintendent. The 
Messrs. White, father and three sons, are practical organ builders, H. 
K. White having an experience extending through more than forty 
years, which, united with the executive ability of the president and 
directors, has produced one of the most successful musical corporations 
in the Union, and which has one of the most complete plants in the 
world . 

The factory is in the northern part of the city on a large lot of 
ground, to which a siding has been built by the Cromwell Railroad. 
The original building was 40 feet wide and 200 feet long, being three 
stories high. To this was added a five story extension, on the east, 
140 feet long. A handsome and spacious office building, on the west, 
was completed in the fall of 1889. This and the factory proper are 
completely finished and thoroughly equipped, giving a working 
capacity of 800 instruments per month. The factory has more than 
72,000 square feet of floor space. 

The organs of this company are of a high standard, hand.somely 
made, and possess features covered by special patents, which give them 
acknowledged superiority. It is claimed that more diplomas and 
medals have been awarded it for excellence, in every respect, than any 
other American organ. Forty regular styles are made, at prices vary- 
ing from $20 to $500 each. 

In 1882 Frank Stone, of Worcester, Mass., perfected an automatic 
organ, permitting the use of a plain .sheet of tnusic, an improvement 
of vast importance, often attempted but not before attained. In 1888 
he became connected with this corporation, which has since had his 
service in the manufacture of the Pneumatic Symphony, a self-playing 
organ, which has been described as a musical wonder. In the variety 
of uses to which it can be put, in the hands of the trained musician, 
or those unskilled in the theory of music, it is certainly a most remark- 
able invention, which is here manufactured in a high degree of per- 
fection. The varied products of the company have a wide sale in this 
and foreign countries, enabling the employment of 150 skilled 
artisans. 

The -^olian Organ & Music Company is the result of the union 
of two bodies having a previous existence in New York and Boston. 
In the former city was organized, in July, 1878, the Mechanical 
Orguinette Company, with a capital of $60,000. In 1886 the manu- 
facturing business of this company was moved to Meriden, the present 
building on Cambridge street being occupied in September of that 
year. It is a substantial brick structure, five stories high, 40 b}' 200 
feet, and has the necessary adjunct buildings. The motor is steam, 
driving a 50-horse power engine. In 1887 the Automatic Music Paper 



504 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Company, of Boston, united its interests with the New York Company, 
at Meriden, and July 27th, 1SS7, the above corporation was formed 
with a capital of Sir)U,U0O, and the following officers: James Morgan, 
president; E. E. Jones, secretary: W. B. Tremaine, treasurer and busi- 
ness manager; J. H. Chase, superintendent. The.se continued in 1889 
except that the latter was also the secretary. From the ordinary 
orguinette, which this company first manufactured, has been evolved 
a superb line of musical instruments, embracing self-acting organs, in 
most artistic cases, .selling at $500, and pianos capable of being played 
by electricity, with a large variety of less pretentious goods, all having 
the latest improvements. Sixty-five skilled mechanics are employed, 
and the company is in a growing condition. 

Bartholomew & Coe, pork packers, carry on the business estab- 
lished in 1870, by the senior member, W. W. Bartholomew. After 
some changes, John W. Coe was associated as the junior member, in 
1875. Since that time an important industry has been developed, not 
only in pork packing, but the firm has also become extensive dealers 
in beef, lard, flour and other goods, having its own mills in the 
West. The packing house is on South Colony street, and the yards 
north of the city limits, where 35,000 hogs were handled in 1888, giving 
employment to 40 men. In the fall of 1889 a branch house was opened 
in Hartford and the business of the firm is yearly becoming more 
extensive. 

The Meriden Brewing Company, compo.sed of J. H. McMahon, P. 
W. Wren, W. E. Green and J. A. Hurley, was organized in J8S7. In 
the fall of the same j-ear the foundation of a modern brewery was 
laid on South Colony street, on which was reared a large structure, 
four and six stories high, at a cost of $125,000. The capacity is about 
50,000 barrels of beer per year, the products being of good quality and 
the business giving employment to more than a hundred men. 

E. J. Doolittle's Paper Box Factory was established in 1852 by H. 
S. White, and was operated on a small scale. In 1862 it was purchased 
by Mr. Doolittle and under his management has assumed extensive 
proportions. A factory building, 50 by 200 feet, at the Camp street 
bridge, over the New Haven railroad, is equipped with the latest 
improved machinery and devices for making paper boxes of all sizes 
and descriptions, which are operated by an Otto gas engine. The 
products of the factory have a high reputation and a large number of 
operatives are employed, making this one of the leading industrial 
pursuits. 

The box and barrel factory of Charles T. Dodd was established in 
1857 by George Gay, and changed to the present owner in 1886. 
Modern machinery is employed, giving occupation to 80 men, in the 
production of immense quantities of boxes, packing ca.ses, barrels, 
ca.sks, etc., all being noted for their neat and substantial make. 

The Lyon & Billard Company are manufacturers of all kinds of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 505 

builders' woodwork. They are also contractors and builders, and 
dealers in lumber and coal, their varied interests giving employment 
to many men. The business was begun in 1848 by George W. Lyon 
and John D. Billard as co-partners, having a small shop on Butler 
street. In 1871 John L. Billard was admitted to the firm, which now 
became Lyon, Billard & Co., under which name the present corpora- 
tion was formed, in 1878, with a capital of $120,000. J. D. Billard was 
elected president; W. H. Lyon, secretary; and J. L. Billard, treasurer. 
A fine office is located on Hanover street and in the rear of the same 
are sheds, 600 feet long, for the uses of the corporation. This is one 
of the oldest firms in the city and some of Meriden's finest buildings 
have been constructed by it. 

Contemporary is the H. Wales Lines Company, mason builders in 
brick and stone. It does general contract work and manufactures 
stucco centers, and like the foregoing employs a large number of 
men, in some seasons as many as 300. Nearly all of the handsome 
ma.sonry in the city was done by this corporation, which was chartered 
under the laws of the state January 31st, 1888. H. Wales Lines was 
•elected president, and H. E. Fairchild, general manager. These were 
also, for many years, the active members of the old firm of Perkins & 
Lines, which began business about 25 years ago, working first on a 
small scale and developing into the present large concern. 

Another wood work building establishment is carried on by H. L. 
Morehouse, who.se reputation and business are yearly increasing. 

The early business men of Meriden and vicinity were dependent 
upon Middletown for their banking facilities, and it was not until 1833 
that a monetary in.stitution was here established. That year the old 
Meriden Bank was incorporated, with a capital of $100,000, and began 
business on Broad street, occupying the following year its own build- 
ing, erected at a cost of $2,800. This .small brick house, just south of 
the Center Odd Fellows Hall, was still standing in 1889, having been 
u.sed for banking purposes about fifty years. In 1884 an elegant four- 
story brick banking house, 30 by 65 feet, was erected on East Main 
street, at a cost of $30,000, which was occupied the following spring. 
In it are found handsome offices and the modern appliances of a well- 
ordered bank, with vaults strong and substantially built. 

From the time of its opening the bank had a good business, which 
necessitated the increase of its capital, in 1836, to $150,000; in 1850 to 
$2.')0,000: and in 1854 to $300,000, at which it has since remained. In 
July, 1865, it was nationalized with its present title, the Meriden Na- 
tional Bank, and has since been one of the soundest banks in the 
county. In 1889 its total resources were nearly $800,000, its surplus 
fund being $85,000. 

The bank has had five presidents, the first being Ashbel Griswold, 
who was succeeded in a short time by Walter Booth, and he in turn by 
Noah Pomeroy, Joel H. Guy and Joel I. Butler. In the same period 



506 HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 

the cashiers have been: Francis King, Harris Hay, John A. Butler. 
Joseph Arnold, Almon C. Randall, and, since 1859, Owen B. Arnold. 
The teller in 1889 was George M. Clark, and the board of directors 
was composed of Joel I. Butler, Levi E. Coe, George H. Wilcox, Owen 
B. Arnold, Isaac C. Lewis, John Ives, Charles Parker, John L. Billard, 
W. W. Lyman. 

The Home National Bank is the next oldest in.stitution of the kind 
in the city. It was organized in 1854 as the Home Bank of Meriden, 
and was incorporated in 1855 with that title. In 1865 it was national- 
ized with the present name. The original capital of $100,000 has 
been increased to $000,000. A surplus fund of $120,000 was reported 
in 1889. 

At the organization of the bank S. W. Baldwin was the president. 
In 1856 he was succeeded by Eli Butler, who held that position until 
his death, May 23d, 1881. In June following the vacancy was filled 
by the election of the present president, A. Chamberlain, who had 
long served as cashier. In the latter office he was followed by Cashier 
J. S. Norton, Jr. Other cashiers were H. C. Young and S. Dodd, Jr. 
In 1889 the directory was composed of Edward Miller, E. J. Doolittle, 
George W. Lyon, Samuel Dodd, George R. Curtis, Horace C. Wilcox, 
Walter Hubbard, A. L. Collins, A. Chamberlain. 

The bank commenced business in a building on Colony street. 
opposite the Meriden Hotel, but soon after occupied a refitted build- 
ing on the site of the present bank. This is a substantial structure, 
which was erected in 1863, but was remodelled and beautified in 1885, 
making it an attractive banking house. 

The First National Bank of Meriden is the youngest of the banks, 
in the city, but the oldest under the national banking laws. It was 
incorporated February 12th, 1804, with a capital of $200,000, which 
was increased June 5th, I860, to $300,000; and again January 12th, 
1875, to $500,000, at which it has since remained. In 1890 the bank's 
surplus was $150,000. Its affairs have been judiciously managed, 
and there have been but two presidents and two cashiers. Joel H. 
Guy was the president until April, 1881, when John D. Billard was 
elected. Wolcott A. Hull served as cashier until 1870, when Charles 
L. Rockwell entered into the office, which he has since occupied. In 
1889 the directors of the bank were: John D. Billard, Charles F. 
Linsley, George C. Merriam, Joseph Morse, John W. Coe, C. L.. 
Rockwood, John Tait, N. L. Bradley, Samuel vSimpson and Dexter 
W. Parker. 

The banking office was opened in a small building next west of 
the present bank, on West Main street, where it remained until April, 
1871, when the new home was occupied. The banking house is 40 by 
70 feet, four stories high, and has a front of New England sandstone. 
Its interior appointments are fir.st-class. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. SOT 

In this banking house is the place of business of the City Savings 
Bank, which was incorporated July 23d, 1874, and which commenced 
business November 1st following. Its presidents have been the same 
as those of the above bank. Charles L. Rockwell was the secretary 
and treasurer until 1884, when Floyd Curtis was elected to fill those 
positions. The other officers of the bank in 1889 were: Vice-presi- 
dents, C. L. Rockwell, W. W. Lyman, Charles L. Upham, William H. 
Miller, John C. Byxbee; directors, John Tait, Seth J. Hall, William 
Lewis, Dexter W. Parker, Ratcliffe Hicks, C. F. Linsley, N. L. Brad- 
ley, Erwin D. Hall, H. L. Schleiter, George W. Smith. The deposits 
January 1st. 1890, were $727,101.77, and there was a surplus of 
$25,000. 

The Meriden Savings Bank is the oldest of the savings institu- 
tions of the city, and was incorporated in January, 1851, and organ- 
ized July 16th the same year with the following officers: President, 
Enos H. Curtiss; vice-presidents, Benjamin H. Catlin, Walter Booth, 
Elah Camp, Ashbel Griswold; secretar}^ and treasurer, Joel H. Guy; 
directors, Julius Pratt, Curtis L. North, Howell Merriman, David N. 
Ropes, Joel H. Guy, Levi Yale, H. W. Salstonstall, Edwin E. Curtiss, 
Charles Parker; trustees, B. L. Yale, Isaac C. Lewis, Linus Birdsey, 
Charles Parker. Upon the death of Enos H. Curtiss, Edwin E. Cur- 
tiss became the president, serving until the time of his death, after 
which Levi E. Coe was elected, and has since been the president. 

The bank began business in a residence on West Main street, but 
Levi E. Coe becoming the secretary and treasurer in 1852, the place 
of business was transferred to his residence on the corner of Main and 
Broad streets. In 1864 the bank was moved to the town hall, and in 
the fall of 1871 to its own property, the old Clark Building, on East 
Main street. Here, in 1882, the bank erected the fine banking house 
it has occupied since May, 1883. It is a large, imposing building of 
brick, four stories high, handsomely finished throughout, and cost 
$35,000. Its bank appointments are very complete. 

In 1866 Asa H. Curtiss became the secretary and the treasurer, con- 
tinuing until 1877, when S. H. W. Yale was elected and has since con- 
tinuea. Other officers of the bank are : Vice-presidents, O. H. Piatt, 
O. B. Arnold, A. Chamberlain, A. C. Markham; directors, Charles 
Parker, Isaac C. Lewis, George W. Lyon, John P. Morse, John L. Bil- 
lard, George R. Willmot, S. A. Hull, Edward Miller. On the first of 
January, 1890, the deposits in the bank were $2,064,503.90, and the 
surplus fund was $68,250. 

The Butler & Lyman Land Company was organized May 4th, 1876, 
with a capital of $30,000 and the following board of managers: H. C. 
Wilcox, president; W. W. Lyman, secretary, who, with Isaac C. Lewis, 
Edward Miller and William O. Butler, were also the directors. A. 
Chamberlain was the treasurer of the company. The organization 
was effected to deal in Merideu lands, and more particularly to develop- 



508 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the Butler and Lyman tract, of forty acres, in the northern part of the 
city. It has been the means of greatly promoting the growth of that 
part of Meriden. 

A kindred organization is the ISleriden Land and Investment Com- 
pany, whose corporators were Horace C. Wilcox, William Lyman, 
Samuel Dodd, Abiram Chamberlain, Edgar J. Doolittle, Edward 
Miller and Edmund B. Cowles. The certificate was filed June 19th, 
18S9. 

The Meriden Trust and Safe Deposit Company was incorporated 
April 3d, LS89. with a capital of $r)(),()()0, and was organized in Novem- 
ber, 1889, with the following officers: President, Isaac C. Lewis; secre- 
tary and treasurer, Charles L. Rockwell; trustees, Lsaac C. Lewis, 
Charles Parker, John D. Billard, Charles F. Linsley, Walter Hubbard, 
George R. Curtis, N. L. Bradley, John L. Billard, Charles L. Rock- 
well. This company is legally authorized to act as executor, adminis- 
trator, guardian, trustee or receiver; also to accept and execute any 
and all trusts which maybe committed to it by any person or corpora- 
tion, or by direction of any court of probate, or other legally consti- 
tuted authority in this state or elsewhere. 

The Meriden Fire Insurance Company was incorporated July 2d, 
1868, but did not commence business until February, 1872. Its capital 
stock was fixed at $200,000. The first officers were: Jedediah Wilcox, 
president; Eli Butler, vice-president; E. B. Cowles, secretary; and A. 
Chamberlain, Jr., treasurer. The two latter officers have continued. Eli 
Butler succeeded J. Wilcox as president, and since his death A. 
Chamberlain has filled that office. George R. Curtis is the vice-presi- 
dent. The board of directors in 1889 wascompo.sed of leading citizens, 
namely, H. C. Wilcox, A. Chamberlain, George R. Curtis, E. B. Cowles, 
C. N. Winslow, John C. Byxbee, George W. Lyon, D. B. Hamilton, 
John Tait, Lsaac C. Lewis, E. J. Doolittle, N. L. Bradley, Charles 
Parker, John L. Billard, R. A. Neal. 

The bu.siness of the company is managed by E. B. Cowles, with 
J. L. Holt as special agent, and 125 active agents in different parts of 
the country, insurance being solicited as far west as Chicago. The 
affairs of the company appear to be in a healthy condition. A fine 
office in the Wilcox Block is maintained. 

The Connecticut Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Meriden, 
with a capital of $500,000. had available funds to meet losses, January 
1st, 1877, $171,85(;.97. On the first of March that year its charter was 
amended, but about a year later business was discontinued, after the 
risks remaining has been re-insured in a New York company. The 
last officers of the company were: Joel H. Guy, president; Charles 
Parker, vice-president; James K. (iuy, secretary, and C. L. Rockwell, 
treasurer. 

The Connecticut Mutual Life and Accident Association, of Meriden, 
organized May 17th, 1S82, by electing George E. Howe, president; 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 509 

George W. Smith, secretaiy; Charles C. Howe, assistant secretary; O. 
L. Hatch, general manager; and Doctor E. M. Child, medical exam- 
iner. An oiifice was opened in the Wilcox Block, in which business 
was carried on for a year, when the interests of the company were 
transferred to the Mutual Benefit Association of New York. 

The Meriden Life Insurance Company, chartered in 1868, and the 
New Haven County Fire Insurance Company, chartered in 1876, 
on application of Joel H. Guy and others, never organized. 

The North American Attorneys' and Tradesmen's Protective 
Union was incorporated January 7th, 1874, and was composed of J. 
O. Freeman, A. B. Mather, J. O. Thayer, E. B. Everett and L. R. 
Beckley. An office was established at Meriden and for a time a large 
business was transacted in various parts of the Union. In more 
recent years, E. B. Everett served as the president and A. B. Mather 
as the secretary. In 1888 the name of the body was changed to the 
North American Mercantile Agency, and business continued with 
the same officers. 

Building and Loan Associations have attracted much interest in 
the past three years, and several associations have been organized 
and supported with most gratifying success. The matter of organiza- 
tion was brought about mainly by John Webb, O. C. Burgess and 
Doctor C. H. S. Davis, who met in February, 1887, and agreed upon a 
plan to present the subject to the public. Soon after. Doctor Davis, 
who was at that time the mayor of the city, called a meeting at the 
Y. M. C. A. Hall, at which the importance and usefulness of such asso- 
ciations was urged upon the community, which gave the idea a favor- 
able reception. As a re.sult there was organized, March 17th, 1887, the 
First Meriden Mutual Benefit Building and Loan Association, whose 
first principal officers were: President, C. H. S. Davis; vice-president, 
Orlando C. Burgess; secretary, John Webb; treasurer, Frank A. Camp; 
trustees, Robert Bowman, Thomas McKenzie, J. D. Eggleston, M. D.; 
auditors, Levi E. Coe, William H. Stannis, H. Wales Lines. The 
capital stock of the a.ssociation was fixed at $500,000, in 1,000 shares 
of $500 each, and the maximum subscription was limited to $6,000 
worth of stock. In less than a year all the stock was taken and, 
August 11th, 1887, the first loan was sold. 

This induced the organization of the Second Association January 
20th, 1888, with the same capital stock and upon the same basis. It 
had also the same general officers, and trustees, Robert Bowman, C. 
A. Morehouse and Edgar W. Curtis; auditors, Charles C. Powers, 
Oliver J. Hughes, M. D., and Henry J. Church. In less than a year 
the shares of the association were also dispo.sed of apd nearly a 
thousand persons were interested as shareholders in the two associa- 
tions. 

This stimulated the formation of the Meriden Permanent Building 
and Loan Association, upon the serial plan, the organization being 



•'510 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

■effected October 16th, 1888. The officers elected were: President, O. 
C. Burgess; vice-president, W. S. Stapley; secretary, John Webb; 
treasurer, W. W. Mosher; trustees, C. H. vS. Davis, Robert Bowman 
and William H. Miller; auditors, Benjamin Page, H. K. White and E. 
A. Chapman. This third association is in its essential features a 
" Home Savings Institution," and is conducted upon what is known 
as the Philadelphia plan. Each series is limited in volume to $250,. 
000, consisting of $250 each, and no share owner can possess more 
■than 25 shares. In the fall of 1889 the association was working its 
.first series, and the plan was favorably regarded. 

The above association had a valuable promotive agent in the 
Building Neivs, a well-edited monthly periodical, established early in 
1888 by Doctor C. H. vS. Davis, and by him published \\ years, when, 
having accomplished its mission — to acquaint the public with the 
merits of such associations — it was discontinued. 

The city of Meriden entered the new centenary of our national 
-existence with the following public buildings, halls, etc.: Town Hall, 
on Ea.st Main .street; Masonic Hall, on West Main street; Odd Fellows 
Hall, on East Main street; Grand Army Hall, on North Colony street; 
Turne Halle, on Liberty street (soon after a new hall for the Turners 
was erected on State street); Parker's public hall, on Broad street. 

Since that time (1877) public halls have been erected as follows: 
1880, the Opera House, by Horace C.Wilcox, near Colony street; 1882, 
Atlantic Garden Hall, on State street; 1883, new Odd Fellow's Hall, 
on Broad street; 1884, Rink, on Hanover street; 1886, Knights of 
Columbus Hall, on State street; 1887, Alfredian Hall, on Colony street; 
•Circle Hall, on Colony street; 1888, Elks' Hall, on State street; St. 
George's Hall, near Colony street; 1889, St. Jean Baptiste Hall. 

The principal business houses and blocks prior to 1877 were, ex- 
-clusive of the halls named above, the following: Byxbee House Block, 
on Colony street: Clark's Block, on West Main street; Cook's Block, on 
■Crown street; First National Bank, on West Main street; Palace and 
H. C. Wilcox Buildings, on West Main street; Home National Bank, 
Colony street; Morgan's Block, East Main street; Morse & Cook's Block, 
at foot of State street; Trade Building, Colony street; Y. M. C. A. 
Block, Colony .street. 

.Since the date mentioned the following have been erected: 1878, 
Hick's Building, North Colony .street; Twiss Building, East Main 
street; 1879, Wilcox Block, Colony street; 1883, Meriden Savings 
Bank, East Main .street; Mor.se & Norton's Block, East Main street: 
Winthrop Hotel, Colony street; 1884, Hick's Block, West Main street; 
Parker Block, West Main street; Republican Building, Veteran street: 
1886, Andrew's Block, West Main street; Morse Block, State street; 
Byxbee Block, Colony street; 1887, Warnock Block, West Main street; 
1888, Buechlcr's Block, We.st Main street; Lewis' Block, East Main 
street; 1889, Waterbury Depot, West Main street. 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 511 

In a city growing so rapidly as Meriden there will naturally be 
many mercantile firms and numerous business changes. Yet even in 
this city will be found numerous instances of firms which have traded 
so long that they have become a part of the business life of the com- 
munity. Of the early merchants of influential standing were mem- 
bers of the Yale, Butler and Birdsey families. Walter Hubbard was 
a dry goods merchant years ago. Joel H. Guy traded a long time. 
Elisha A. Cowles, Curtis L. North, E. J. Collins, Charles P. Colt and 
■others merchandised before the place became a city. Charles H. Col- 
lins has been connected with the mercantile interests since 1843; John 
Ives since 1847. In 1853 the latter and his brother, Russell J., began on 
Broad street, where they traded until 1863. In the latter year C. L. 
Upham and P. C. Rand were as.sociated with John Ives, and the well- 
known firm of Ives, Upham & Rand formed, which, since 1884, has 
occupied a store 39 by 200 feet, and employed 25 clerks. Charles Par- 
ker, 2d, was a dealer in fancy goods from 1854 until 1873, and in car- 
pets since that time. Bela Carter has been a dealer in oils and paints 
since 1852, employing in his painting business many men. John F. 
Butler has been in the wall decorating business since 1876, having 35 
men in his employ. A. S. Thomas is an established dry goods dealer, 
having a large store. N. C. Hall has been a grocer since 1859; Seth J. 
Hall a flour and feed dealer since 1861; H. L. Schleiter a shoe dealer 
since 1868; Frank Stevenson a clothier since 1877; F. J. Wheeler a 
dealer in hardware goods since 1860; Smith & Twichell furniture 
manufacturers and dealers since 1868; and George N. Morse is a con- 
temporary in the furniture trade. In the drug trade H. T. Wilcox & 
Co. are the oldest, doing business since the time of the war; H. W. 
Mosher since 1867; George EUsbree since 1877; and John H. Parker at 
his present stand since 1883. 

The first house of entertainment in all this part of the country was 
on Captain Andrew Belcher's Meriden tract, on the Old Colony road, 
about two miles north of the city of Meriden. On this tract of 470 
acres a .stone building, with port holes for defense against Indians, 
had been put up about 1664. He also supplied a stock of arms and 
ammunition, feceiving from the colony for doing these things the 
right " to keep tavern forever." This privilege was enjoyed by those 
living in the stone house, without further license, as long as the busi- 
ness could there be profitably conditcted. Its half way location be- 
tween New Haven and Hartford made it a favorite stopping place for 
travelers, and in 1690 a larger stone house was built to afford the 
necessary accommodations. This was used as a public place more 
than a hundred years, and tradition says it was a famous place for 
convivial gatherings. From this fact it was locally known as the 
" Merry Den," a name which may also have been suggested by its 
location, in the parish of Meriden, the pronunciation of the two terms 
being very similar. 



512 HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In 1784 the first stage coach in Connecticut ran by this house, on 
the Old Colony road, which continued to be the principal thorough- 
fare, north and south, until about 1800, when the usefulness of the 
old stone tavern pas.sed away, and the house became a farm residence. 

When the Hartford and New Haven turnpike became the princi- 
pal avenue north and south, in 1799, public houses were opened at 
various places along its line, as well as in other localities in the 
town. In 1812 there were at least half a dozen taverns in Meriden. 
Usually these were well patronized, for the custom of those times 
favored tavern haunting, especially in winter. Most of these places 
were kept solely for the sale of liquor, whose use at that time was 
but little restrained by law or sentiment. In the language of a clergy- 
man of that period, there " was a dramming, dramming, dramming 
at all hours of the day," which was about the nature of the business 
done. 

The tavern near the old Congregational church, known as the 
"Central Hotel," was an exception to that class. Its favorable loca- 
tion and the good character of its keepers made it one of the princi- 
pal stopping places in these parts, and several of the landlords, at 
least, were prime favorites with the traveling public. The building 
was originally erected by Reverend Theophilus Hall as a farm house, 
on his hundred acre tract, and was for many years occupied by his 
son. It was, after the fashion of the better class of houses of those 
times, a large frame, with a gambrel roof, and stood with those fea- 
tures more than a century, n'ot being demolished until 1890. Some 
time before 1800, Doctor Ensign Hough bought the property and 
converted it into a tavern, which he kept, and was succeeded by his 
son. Doctor Isaac I. Hough, who was a large, genial and accomplished 
host, having the acquaintance of the principal men of the state. 
During the war of 1812, especially, he made much money, and when 
he sold out, in 1836, he retired with what was called a fortune in those 
days. Of this popular landlord and citizen a rhymster of that period 
said : 

•' Dr. Hough, he keeps good stuff 
And lives just under the steeple. 
By hook or by crook, he keeps his good looks 
And takes the cash from the people." 

Joseph and Isaac Twi.ss were the next landlords, and in 1837 their 
tavern came into unfortunate prominence on account of the riot 
fomented here against an anti-slavery speaker in the church. For 
the part Mr. Twiss took in this affair he was ccnnpelled to pay $1,000. 
Later landlords were Nathaniel Andrews, William and Patrick Lewis 
and others. The building of the railroad tlirough West Meriden 
caused the decline of IJroad street and the transfer to that section of 
the business interests which here flourished. The tavern having lost 
its patronage, it was closed in 1873, and changed into a tin shop and 
a tenement. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 513 

At the present business center of the city the old Rogers House 
was the first tavern of note. It was built in 1840 by Doctor Isaac I. 
Hough and Elisha A. Cowles, the latter running it as a railroad res- 
taurant. It was a two-story frame, standing west of the railroad track, 
its gable end being north toward Main street. In 1846 Hervey Rogers 
became the owner of the tavern, keeping it 20 years, and from him it 
took its name. In an enlarged condition this building still stands as 
a business house. 

Directly opposite, and on the north side of Main street, Nelson 
Merriam and others built a two-story frame, in the fall of 1842. The 
side of the house was upon the street, and north was a one-story ex- 
tension, in which was the railroad ticket office and, as the sign indi- 
cated, the " Railroad Refectory." The dining room was large and 
well patronized, and as this was run as a temperance house, it was 
popular with a large class of people, the proprietor. Captain Conklin, 
doing a thriving business. In the upper part of this building was a 
hall where society meetings were held. Captain Conklin left this 
place to build the summer resort, which was later converted into the 
town alms house. The Widow Mear was the last to keep the " Rail- 
road Refectory," which was burned in the great fire of 1863. 

The Meriden House was built in 1853 by the Meriden Hotel Com- 
pany, of which S. W. Baldwin was the president and Nelson Merriam, 
Fenner Bush, A. C.Wetmore and Curtis L. North, associate directors. 
The stock was divided into 1,000 shares of $25 each. But the cost of 
the building exceeded the estimate, the house being for those times a 
magnificent structure, almost as showy as the town hall which was 
built soon after. In time William Hall became the owner and while 
it was the property of Stephen Ives it was refitted. January 12th, 
1881, the upper story of the hotel was so much damaged by fire that 
it was taken down, leaving a two story brick of substantial appearance. 

During the civil war John C. and Theodore Byxbee built the 
Byxbee House, which they remodelled in 1865, placing its front on 
Colony street. It was now a four story. Mansard-roofed frame and 
the house had a good patronage. March 21st, 1868, it was destroyed 
by fire. On its site a brick hotel was erected, which was opened in 
the spring of 1869, by the Messrs. Byxbee. In 1874 Theodore Byxbee 
became the sole owner and ten years later its use as a hotel was dis- 
continued, being at that time fitted up for office purposes, and becom- 
ing known as the Byxbee House Block. 

The Curtis House was built in 1874, by Lemuel J. Curtis, and was 
not originally intended for a hotel. It was the first good block on 
West Main street and is still a conspicuous building. John E. Parker 
converted it into a hotel and it has had a number of proprietors. The 
City Hotel, on State street, was opened in May, 1883, by Henry 
Bloxham, and about that period and since, hotels of smaller capacity 
have solicited public patronage. 
32 



514 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The Winthrop Hotel is justly the pride of the city. It was erected 
by Walter Hubbard to meet the demand.s of the growing city for a 
hotel which should be elegant in its appearance and have all the 
modern appointments and conveniences to afford a luxurious home 
for the traveling public. The supervising architect was Frank P. 
Evarts and the walls were built by the H. Wales Lines Company, the 
first work being done in February, 1882. It presents a massive appear- 
ance, 8,5 by 225 feet. In the rear it is three stories high and the 
front, which is on North Colony street, has a height of five stories. 
It is of Philadelphia pressed brick, trimmed with granite and brown 
stone and its windows are of plate glass, giving it a beautiful appear- 
ance in finish, which is harmoniously preserved through the interior 
of the building. Here proper precautions have also been observed 
against fires. In the lower story are three of the finest store rooms 
in the city and a large stairway and Otis elevator leading to the hotel 
proper. This consists of 104 rooms, of which 80 are sleeping 
chambers. 

The fittings and furnishment are chaste and complete in every 
detail, making this the finest hotel in the state. They were supplied 
by the Winthrop Hotel Company, which was organized January 29th, 
1888, with a capital stock of $40,000, engaging in this enterprise as a 
matter of local pride to secure this desired object. The affairs of the 
company are directed by George R. Curtis, Horace C. Wilcox, W. W. 
Lyman, Walter Hubbard, N. L. Bradley, Samuel Dodd, D. F. South- 
wick, George W. Lyon, C. L. Rockwell, A. Chamberlain and John L. 
Billard. This company secured a twelve years lease on the building, 
which was named for Governor Winthrop, of Massachusetts, and after 
it had furnished it, re-leased it to George H. Bowker, of Holyoke, 
Mass., a landlord of national reputation. 

The Winthrop was opened November 1st, 1883, by Landlords 
George H. and James H. Bowker; E. T. Bowers, clerk; S. A. Hooker, 
steward, with thirty a.ssistants, and has since that time ranked as one 
of the leading hostelries of New England. 

On the site of the present brewery, was a well known place of 
entertainment, after 1870, known as the Eagle Cottage, and also as 
Allen's Museum. The building was oddly and yet not unattractively 
ornamented, and contained many curiosities. For some years it was 
a well patronized place. 

The Post Office must be briefly sketched. Formerly two offices 
were maintained: the Meriden office at the Center, and the West 
Meriden near the railway depot. The former was long kept at the 
store of Ira N. Yale, next to the old Meriden Bank, on Broad street. 
At the latter place, the office was in the old Conklin House, on Main 
street; in the Byxbee House block and in a building which stood on 
Winthrop Square. In April, 1880, under the administration of E. D. 
Uall, the present office, in the Wilcox Block, was occupied. The 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 515 

quarters are handsome, spacious, and were especially fitted up for the 
uses of the office. At the time of occupancy there were 1,600 boxes 
and five persons were employed. Among the postmasters of these 
offices have been Hiram Plall, General Walter Booth, Almeron Miles, 
Benjamin Twiss, Samuel B. Morgan, Noah B. Linsley, Joel H. (iuy, 
George W. Rogers, Wallace Bull, William Hall and E. D. Hall, the 
latter two being the postmasters when the offices were consolidated, 
September 1st, 1880, under the name of Meriden. E. D. Hall remained 
postmaster until February, 1886, when he was succeeded by William 
H. Miller, and he, in turn, by Henry Dryhurst, in February, 1890. 

At the time of the consolidation the carrier delivery system went 
into effect, with four carriers. This force has since been doubled. 
One mounted carrier was put on the force in 1886, and another added 
in 1888. A postal station is also maintained at Meriden Center. A 
dozen mails are received daily and as many sent out from the main 
office. In 1885 the gross receipts of the office were about $26,000 and 
in 1889 about $38,000, or increasing at the rate of about $3,000 per 
year. 



CHAPTER X. 



TOWN AND CITY OF MERIDEN (Continued). 



The Periodical Press. — Literary Notes. — Physicians. — Lawyers. — Secret Orders. — G. A. 
R. and Soldiers" Monument. — Agricultural Societies, etc. — Meriden Ecclesiastical 
Society. — First Meeting House. — First Congregational Church. — Center Congrega- 
tional Church. — St. Andrew's (P. E.) Church. — First Baptist Church. — German 
Baptist Churcli. — M. E. Churches. — Universalist Church, — St. John's German 
Lutheran Church. — New Emanuel Lutheran Church. — St. Rose of Lima (R. C.) 
Church. — St. Laurent's {French Catholic) Church. — Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion. — State Reform School. — The Curtis Home. — City Mission Society. — Meriden 
Hospital . — Cemeteries. 



A HISTORY of the periodicals published at Meriden embraces 
accounts of many papers, a few only of which lived long enough 
to make manifest their influence upon the cotnmunity. Others 
were so ephemeral that their names and those who projected them are 
now recalled with difficulty. 

The NortJicrn Literary Messenger was the first paper here issued. 

It was removed to this place from New Haven in September, 1844, 

and O. G. Wilson was the editor. The paper was a five column 

quarto, printed from old type and had but little matter of a local 

nature. After some changes of form, firm and place of publication, 

being last issued from the old academy building, publication was sus- . 

pended in 1848, and Mr. Wilson removed to Saybrook, where he died. 

In 1847 F. E. Hinman set up ajob office and five years later began 

the publication of the Conneeticiit Organ, of which O. H. Piatt was the 

editor. In 18r)3 he sold his interest to James N. Phelps, of New 

Haven, who con.solidated with it the Neiv Britain Journal, ^xid with 

this dual title the paper was published some time. As the paper was 

to contain " a compound of all the intelligence proper to be inserted 

in a family journal," considerable expen.se attended its publication, 

and Mr. Phelps soon sold out to James Lewis. The latter established 

a new paper, The Wliig, of which O. H. Piatt and George W.- Rogers 

were the associate editors. It was, for those times, a large sheet and 

ably edited, but continued only about three years, as there was no 

longer an especial demand for an organ of the Whig party. 

Contemporary with the above paper was the Meriden Transcript, 
which was established in July, 1850, by Lysander R. Webb & Co., and 
published until August, 1856, when the editor and the proprietor 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 517 

relinquished their work, Mr. Webb moving to the West, and Mr. Piatt 
thenceforth devoting himself to the practice of the law. 

For a few months Meriden was without a paper, but in November, 
1856, Robert Winton, at the instance of some of the manufacturers 
of the town, took the printing establishment and began the publica- 
tion of the Meriden Chronic/e, which he continued about two and a half 
years, when it was suspended. 

The next venture was the Meriden Banner, published for a short 
time in 1860, in the interests of the democratic party, by a Mr. Still- 
man, who used the material of the old Chronicle office. He enlisted in 
the service of his country. 

In the summer of 1863 Luther G. Riggs & Co. established the Mer- 
iden Publishing House, in Smith's new block, at West Meriden, doing 
all kinds of job printing. On the 29th of August, 1863, they began 
the Meriden Recorder, a weekly paper, with independent tendencies. 
Having served in the army, Mr. Riggs started off with a good soldiers* 
patronage, and for several years the business prospered. He had con- 
siderable ability to do newspaper work, and enterprise which led him 
to make other ventures in journalism. But he lacked the tact to plea.se 
the public, and liad a stormy career before he left Meriden on account 
of the hostility of many citizens. 

In 1869, Luther G. Riggs began the publication of the Daily Neivs, 
but soon changed the name to Evening Recorder. He aimed to make 
both papers neutral, but failed to plea.se either of the parties potent in 
politics. Meantime, the republicans having their own organ and the 
democrats also desiring one, on the 17th of March, 1871, George Gib- 
bons i.ssued the first number of the Meriden Citizen, a weekly demo- 
cratic sheet, which he published about one year, when it became the 
property of the "Citizens' Association" and was edited by Reverend 
John T. Pettee and Wilbur F. Davis. In December, 1872, Mr. Riggs 
became the owner of the Citizen, and. published it about ten years. In 
the same year, 1872, Messrs. Riggs and Mansfield began the publica- 
tion of a daily, the Morning Call. This was soon after issued as a 
.semi-weekly journal and continued by Mr. Riggs until the latter part 
of 1882, when the semi-weekly Call and the weekly Citizen were dis- 
continued. In 1882 he made another venture in the publication of an 
edition of the Recorder for the citizens of Wallingford, called the 
Weekly Forum. This paper and the two editions of the i^fci^ra'^r became 
the property of J. H. Mabbett & Co., in the latter part of 1882, at 
which time Ltither G. Riggs' connection with Meriden journalism 
ceased. 

The Penny Press, a live daily, was established December 19th, 1881, 
by J. H. Mabbett, and was devoted solely to local news. Its four pages 
contained 20 columns, which were .soon after increased to 24 columns. 
In May, 1882, H. B. Russell, of the Boston Globe, bought a half interest 
in the paper and took editorial control. The following month the 



518 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

United States Press Association franchises were secured, and at that 
time the Press was the only evening paper in the state, at one cent, 
which published such news. In November, 1882, the interests of L. 
G. Riggs in his papers were acquired, and the two were consolidated 
with the name of Press-Recorder. 

Under this title the daily and the weekly editions were published 
by J. H. Mabbett until the latter part of 1884, when their issue and 
that of the Wallingford Forum were discontinued. In the fall of 1884 
the Press-Recorder advocated the political cause of General B. F. Butler, 
which brought it somewhat into disfavor, but it had many good fea- 
tures to commend it for better patronage than it received. 

The Mcridcii Weekly I'/si/or was started March 21st, 1867, by M. 
Monroe Eaton, a journalist of experience, whose success led him to 
commence a daily issue of the Jlsitor, on tlie first of January follow- 
ing. Fourteen months later these papers were merged with the Daily 
mid Weekly Republican, which had been established in 1866 as an oppo- 
sition sheet to the Recorder. 

The Republican had then, as now, the strong support of manj' manu- 
facturing firms, which placed it upon a permanent basis. It is the 
only paper which has survived the vicissitudes of journalism at Meri- 
den, growing stronger as it grows older. The first editor was Marcus 
L. Delevan, with whom George Gibbons was soon after associated. 
After 1870 William F. Graham, a practical newspaper man from Wil- 
limantic, was in the service of the paper. From a small local sheet it 
was advanced to the proper sphere of a daily, its influence being much 
increased in 1869, when the Visitor was absorbed. After a few years 
the name of the Weekly Republican was changed to that of the State 
Temperance Journal, when it was a large and well edited sheet, under 
the direction of Mr. Delevan. On the 24th of November, 1870, it was 
last issued at Meriden, being then sold and removed to Hartford, where 
it was edited by Reverend P2. Dickerman. On the 7th of January, 
1871, the Weekly Republican was revived by Delevan and Gibbons, and 
has since been continued as a weekly digest of the daily edition. 

On the 10th of September, 1872, William F. Graham began the 
publication of the Evening Monitor, a campaign paper, in the interest 
of General Grant. This was merged with the morning Republican, on 
the 10th of November, which, after Thanksgiving that year, was 
changed to an evening edition. This change still more added to the 
favor of the Republican, which has become one of the leading evening 
journals of the state. On the 25th of April, 1873, Marcus L. Delevan 
retired from the Republican, and was succeeded by William F. Graham 
as editor, a position which was held by him until his death, May 17th, 
1891, when he was succeeded by Thomas H.Warnock. Mr. Graham was 
also the proprietor of the Republican and the interests connected with it 
until February 15th, 1887, when they passed to the Republican Pub- 
lishing Company, a corporation composed mainly of 25 of the leading 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 519 






manufacturers of the city. Of this company W. F. Rockwell was 
elected president; and Selah A. Hull, treasurer. The capital stock is 
§25,000, and the plant of the company is valued at $19,000. The Re- 
publican is issued from its own printing house, near the business cen- 
ter of the city, which was erected in 1884. It is a brick building, 46 
by 75 feet, four stories high, and is thoroughly equipped with all the 
appliances of a modern first-class printing establishment. Very fine 
book and job work is here done, and several dozen men are employed. 
In the spring of 1891 the form of the Republican was changed to eight 
pages, of six columns each, which has greatly improved its appearance. 

The Meriden Daily Journal is the contemporary of the Republican, 
and like that paper, also possesses all the features of progressive jour- 
nalism. It is the property of the Journal Publishing Company, which 
was chartered March 4th, 1886, and whose organization took place in 
April following, Francis Atwater being elected president of the cor- 
poration; T. L. Reilly, secretary; F. E. Sands, treasurer; and Lew. 
Allen Lipsette, editor. These are all practical newspaper men, and. 
devoting all their energies to making the Journal a success, have 
created one of the best newspaper properties in the state. 

The Journal was first issued April 17th, 1886, as a seven-column, 
four-page paper, but was enlarged December 1st, 1886, to eight col- 
umns. Another enlargement was made on its first anniversary, April 
17th, 1887, when another column was added to its width. In that form 
it was the largest daily ever printed in Meriden; but May 7th, 1888, 
another most important change was made. The Journal was then is- 
sued as a 48-column paper, folded into eight pages, which size and 
form have since been retained. These changes necessitated increased 
printing facilities, which have from time to time been secured. In 
the spring of 1889 the fine printing plant of Charles Bibeau &Co. was 
purchased, and the united interests placed in a large printing house 
on South Colony and Perkins streets, to which modern machinery has 
since been added. One of the most important additions was made 
about December 1st, 1889, when a large Goss web perfecting press, 
built especially ior the Journal, was set in motion. By its use printing 
is done directly from stereotyped plates, at the rate of 12,000 copies 
per hour — a most important advance on the old style of work — this 
pap&r being one of three in the state employing that process. The 
other equipments of the office are of such a nature as to inake this 
printing house complete in every department for the execution of all 
kinds of newspaper, job and book work. 

The Journal is a non-partisan evening sheet, and has fine press 
dispatch and telegraph facilities, publishing the news up to the hour 
of issue. It is sold at three cents a copy, and has a good patronage. 

The Meriden Sunday Journal was established by the above corpora- 
tion, its first issue appearing April 24th, 1889. The paper has been a 
success from the beginning, and is growing in popularity. 



520 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The Mcrideii Sunday Nczvs, published in 1882, by Atwater Brothers, 
had only a brief existence; and other Sunday papers attempted failed 
to attain a patronage beyond one or two issues. 

Among other papers which were here established, but were removed 
or discontinued, was the American Sportsman, by Parker Brothers, an 
8-page monthly, begun in August, 1871. The following year its size 
was doubled. In 1873 it was sold to parties in New York, who are suc- 
cessfully publishing it in that city as a weekly. 

In September, 1872, the WatcliDians Cry, an Adventist weekly, was 
begun and published a few months at Aleriden. The Herald, begun 
in 1877, was published about one year by Charles P. Ives. In 1878-9 
the Diamond, a monthly amateur sheet, was published by Paul Lock- 
ron. W. A. Kelsey & Co. and the Kelsey Press Company have pub- 
lished several papers, whose contents were mainly of a miscellaneous 
nature, viz.: The New England Ledger, from 1877 to 1879; the Con)ieeti- 
cut Advertiser, from 1880 until 1888; and since that time the Connecticut 
Magazine, first a bi-weekly, changed to a monthly November 1st, 1889. 

The Examiner Wcis published from 1884 until 1888 by the Examiner 
Publishing Company: and the Church Tidings was issued in 1887 and 
1888, with Reverend W. F. Warnick as manager. About the same 
time the Point, edited by Charles R. Peck, was published to further 
the cause of prohibition, under the auspices of the town committee. 
Another paper of this nature, the Times of Rejoicing, was begun in 

1887, C. W. Pitel being the publisher in 1889. It is devoted to the 
interests of the Methodist church. 

The Meriden Index, a four page paper of home literature, was begun 
Saturday, March 19th, 1887, by E. A. Horton & Co., but the paper was 
suspended after four numbers were published. The firm began busi- 
ness in Meriden, as book and job printers, in 1874, and still continues 
in that line of work. 

The Jhiilding Nczvs, a carefully edited monthly, devoted to the inter- 
ests of Meriden Building As.sociatious, was begun in April, 1886, by 
Doctor Charles H. S. Davis, and continued by him eighteen months, 
when, having accomplished its mission, it was discontinued. 

The V. M. C. A. Nczvs was begun in July, 1886, by the Meriden 
Association, whose interests it represents and is a good exponent of 
that object. Its size has been increased several times and its useful- 
ne.ss augmented. It is issued monthly. 

Biblia, a 16 page small quarto monthly, was established in April, 

1888, as the organ of the Bible Student's League. It has joint offices 
in New York city and in Meriden. where Mrs. Nellie V. Potter is the 
publisher and Doctor C. li. S. Davis an editor. 

Meriden has always been noted as a manufacturing town and but 
little attention has been given to literary matters. The first book 
written in Meriden was a volume of 117 pages, entitled '• Historical 
Sketches of Meriden." It was a continuation of a Thanksgiving 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 521 

sermon preached by Reverend George W. Perkins, and was printed 
in " West Meriden, by Franklin E. Hinman, 1849." Before coming 
to Meriden Mr. Perkins had been a teacher, and one of his pupils was 
the celebrated Margaret Fuller. A biography of Mr. Perkins was 
published after his death. Another clergyman, Reverend Abraham 
Norwood, published several books and sermons, including " The Book 
of Abraham," an autobiographical sketch, and " How I got into the 
Church and how I got out of it." In 1868 Reverend M. J. Steere pub- 
lished a work of 400 pages, entitled " Footprints Heavenwa-^d," the 
materials for which " accumulated as a result of private meditations 
along the way of religious inquiry." In 1877 Reverend Edward 
Hungerford published a volume of 75 pages, entitled "Centennial 
Sermons on the History of the Center Church." 

One of the most prolific writers has been Doctor Charles H. vS. 
Davis, who published in 1870 a " History of Wallingford and Meriden," 
one of the largest of New England local histories, a work of 1,000 
pages, and very complete in genealogies of the old Wallingford 
families. Other works of Doctor Davis are: " The Training and 
Management of the vSinging Voice," published in 1879; " The Educa- 
tion and Training of the Feeble Minded, Imbecile and Idiotic," pub- 
lished in 1883, and a number of pamphlets, besides a large number of 
articles on literary, educational, scientific and medical subjects written 
for the periodical press during the past 30 years. Doctor Davis has 
edited the "Boston Medical Register," the "Index to Periodical 
Literature," and has edited for four years, Biblia, as previously men- 
tioned. 

In 1875 Mr. Luther G. Riggs published a volume of poems of 528 
pages, in connection with H. S. Cornwall, F. G. Fairfield and Ruth G. 
D. Havens. The volume had an intoduction by Reverend W. H. H. 
Murray and a critical analysis by Francis Gerry Fairfield. Over 300 
of the poems were by Mr. Riggs and 60 were contributed by Mrs. 
Havens, who was a resident of Meriden. Mr. Murray resided in 
]\Ieriden a few years but all of his books were published after he left 
the town. In 1882 was published " The Life and Writings of W. E. 
Benham," 240 pages, written by himself. Reverend J. H. Chapin, 
Ph. D., published a work of 276 pages, entitled " The Creation and the 
Early Development of Mankind," and in 1889, " From Japan to 
Granada; being sketches of observation and inquiry in a tour round 
the world in 1887-8." Mrs. Ella Wheeler Wilcox resided in Meriden 
a few years and much of her literary work was done here. Miss Emily 
J. Leonard, a sketch of whose life appears in this volume, wrote con- 
siderably for the press, and in 1885 was published her translation of 
Blanqui's " History of Political Economy;" a work of 583 pages. Mrs. 
Jane Kavanagh has written many poems, and in 1887 she published a 
novel entitled " For the Sins of his youth." 



522 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

According to Doctor Charles H. S. Davis, himself a physician of long 
standing in the town, the practitioners of Meriden prior to 1870 were 
the following: Doctor Isaac Hall was the first. He lived in the east- 
ern part of the town, where he died March 7th, 1781, aged 66 years. 
His son, Jonathan, was also a physician. 

In 1769 Doctor Ensign Hough commenced the practice of medicine, 
living at the center of the town. He was highly esteemed. His death 
occurred in 1818, but prior to that event, in 1802, one of his sons, Isaac 
I., began a practice, which was successfully continued a number of 
years. From his childhood he was noted for his large size, and at the 
time of his death, at the age of 71 years, in 1852, he weighed 350 
pounds. He was a very popular man, and was engaged in other busi- 
ness the latter years of his life. 

From 1825 until his death in 1842, Doctor Wyllys Woodruff was 
here as a skillful practitioner, and his practice passed to Doctor Ben- 
jamin H. Catlin, who came from Haddam. The latter became a resi- 
dent of Meriden April 5th, 1842, and for nearly two score years was 
one of the leading physicians and prominent citizens of the town. He 
had many contemporaries, among them being Doctor Gardner Barlow,, 
from 1845 until the latter's death in 1854; Doctor William H. Allen, 
from 1840 until 1850, when he died of typhoid fever; Doctor Edward 
W. Hatch, from 1849 for nine years, when he became superintendent 
of the vState Reform School. 

Doctor Allen was succeeded, in 1850, by Doctor Timothy F. Davis, 
who for 18 years was an active practitioner, when failing health caused 
him to retire. He died February 24th, 1870, aged nearly 60 years, and 
his demise was much deplored by the community. In his practice he 
was succeeded, in 1867, by his son. Doctor Charles Henry Stanley 
Davis,"" now one of the most prominent physicians of the county, in 
the allopathic school of practice. 

In the same year, 1850, Doctor H. A. Archer, an eclectic physician^ 
came to Meriden and remained until 1857, when he sold out to Doctor 
John Taif" and removed to Brooklyn, N. Y. A few years ago Doctor 
Archer returned to the town, and is now in practice at South Meriden. 
Doctor John Tait, also an eclectic practitioner, still remains as one of 
the oldest physicians of the city. 

Doctor James Wyle was in practice from 1854 to 1870. He was a 
Scotchman and a surgeon of some skill. For some years Doctor 
Nehemiah Nickerson was as.sociated with him, but removed in 1868- 
Since 1870 he has again been in active practice in Meriden. 

In 1852 Doctor Lewis Barnes came, but after a few years removed 
to Oxford; and Doctor Roswell Hawley was here in 1858. Others in 
that period and earlier also removed, after being here a short time, 
Doctor M. F. Baldwin being here in 1856. 

In the latter year, Doctor W. N. Dunham, a homeopathist, came to 

♦ See biographical sketch in following chapter. 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 523 ^ 

Meriden, but not long after sold his practice to Doctor C. W. Ensign. 
In the same line of practice came Doctor Grove Herrick Wilson,* who 
since 1857 has been one of the foremost physicians of the city. For 
the past ten years E. A. Wilson has been a practitioner in the same 
school of medicine. 

Other homeopathists now in practice are Doctor Charles J. Mans- 
field and Doctor E. C. Newport, both since 1870; Doctors F. H. Monroe 
and J. D. Quill, since 1888; and Doctor A. T. Holton, who was here in 
1880; and Doctor H. N. Porter, in 1885, removed. 

In 1858 Doctor Asa Hopkins Churchill succeeded to the practice of 
Doctor Hatch, and has since been a physician at Meriden, ranking 
among the oldest in practice. His contemporary practitioners now at 
Meriden are, besides those named above: Doctors A. S. AUain, since 
1889; E.T. Bradstreet, since 1877; J. D. Eggleston, since 1880; A. H. 
Fenn, since 1880; Anna J. Ferris, since 1879; F. P. Griswold, since 
1884; O.J. D. Hughes, since 1885; J. H. Kane, since 1886; S. D. Otis,, 
since 1877; E. W. Smith, since 1882; E. W. Pierce, since 1886; Burton 
D. Stone, since 1888; A. W. Tracy, since 1875; Charles A. Graeber, an 
eclectic, since 1888; H. N. Delesdernier and H. Marchand, recently 
located, there being, in all, 27 practicing physicians in the town in 
1890. 

Among other physicians who were here and removed or died were 
the following: Doctors Frederick J. Fitch, who came in 1866 and died 
about eleven years later; J. J. Averill, who came the same year and 
continued about half a dozen years; John McMahon, who located in 
1867, but removed to Boston in 1869; C. H. Gaylord, who died in 1877, 
after half a dozen years practice; G. H. Gray, who died about the same 
time, after a short settlement; Willard Wolcott, in practice from 
1883 for a few years, until his death; and Jared Wibon, who died 
near the same time; James G. Bacon, who removed in 1873; W. A. 
Bevins, in 1880, as an eclectic; L. Baumgart, 1885-8, who, and the fol- 
lowing, removed, after being here in the years set opposite their 
names: Doctors A. F. Blakeman, 1886; E. M. Child, 1878-86; Edward 
T. Cornwall, 1882; Hiram B. Cutler, botanist, 1885-9; Edward S. Dav- 
idson, 1879; J. J. Dougherty, 1875-6; David Dufreane, 1882; H. Doutil, 
1881-5; William H. Delesdernier, 1885-7; G. D. Ferguson, 1880-1; C. S. 
Griswold, 1878; C. H. Rowland, 1881-8; H. N. Hall, 1889; E. C. Jeni- 
gor, 1878-86; H. E. Jacobson, 1889; E. C. Luks, 1884-5; Everest Mon- 
geon, 1877; William R. Marsden, 1883-5; Mrs. W. H. H. Murray, 
1886-7; Levi D. Rood, 1882; Charles E. Scott, 1873-87; A. J. Spinner, 
1880; James F. Sullivan, 1888; J. L. Terry, 1883-7; E. C. Tremblay, 
1887-8; H. L. Young, 1873-4. 

In the early history of the town Brenton Hall, George W. Stanley 
and others advised on legal matters. Benajah Andrews ranked among 
the first lawyers who maintained a residence in the town. He livedo 
* See biographical sketch in following chapter. 



524 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

on the Middletown road, east of the Center, and had an office at his 
house, where he transacted much business, serving also as probate 
judge. He died before the civil war. Contemporary with him and 
doing much legal business at West Meriden, where he lived, was 
James S. Brooks. He was no regular attorney, but had sound judg- 
ment and a good knowledge of affairs. When the probate district 
was formed, in 18B6, he was elected the first judge, and served eight 
years. He also died in the town. 

Dexter R. Wright first came to Meriden in 1845, as the teacher of 
the academy. In 1848 he graduated from the Yale Law School, and 
settled here as an attornej', becoming one of the town's leading citi- 
zens. In 1862 he was commissioned colonel of the 15th Connecticut 
Volunteers, and being compelled by ill health to resign, in 1863, re- 
turned to Meriden, and in 1864 moved to New Haven, where he took 
a place as one of the foremost attorneys of the state. While at Meri- 
den Julius Bis,sen was associated with him a short time. Washington 
Rogers, Savilian R. Hall, Andrew J. Coe and Leverett L. Phelps were 
attorneys for short periods, deceasing in town or removing. 

Tilton E. Doolittle, who graduated from Yale in 1846, successfully 
practiced at Meriden a number of years, then removed to New Haven, 
where he took a leading place at the bar. 

Orville H. Piatt was born July 19th, 1827, at Washington, Litchfield 
county. Conn., and was educated at the common schools and at the 
academy called the " Gunnery," inWashington,Conn. He studied law 
in the office of Honorable Gideon H. Hollister, of Litchfield, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1849. He resided in Towanda, Penn., for a 
while associated with Honorable Ulysses Mercer, afterward judge of 
the supreme court of Pennsylvania. In 1851 he located in Meriden 
and entered into the practice of law. His first public office in con- 
nection with the state government was as clerk of the senate in 
1855-6. In 1857 he was secretary of state, was member of the senate 
in 1861-2, and a member of the house in 1864 and 1869, and in the 
latter year was speaker. From 1877 to 1879 he was state's attorne}' for 
New Haven county, which office he held until he was elected, in the 
latter year. United States .senator, to succeed William H. Barnum. 

James P. Piatt, son of O. H. and Annie (Bull) Piatt, was born in 
Towanda, Pa., March 31st, 1851. He attended school at the " Gun- 
nery," Washington, Conn., graduated from Hopkins Grammar School 
in 1869, from Yale College in 1873. and from Yale Law School in 1875- 
Since July 1st, 1875, he has practiced law in Meriden in partnership 
with his father. He represented Meriden in the legislature in 1877-8, 
and has been city attorney since July 1st, 1879. He married Harriet 
W., daughter of John Ives. Although not born in Meriden he has 
lived there since he was 6 months old, his father coming to Meriden 
and opening a laAV office in 1851. 

L. C. Hinman, son of F. C. and Elizabeth (Camp) Hinman, was born 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 525 

in Meriden, February 25th, 1856. He attended the Meriden .schools 
and the Iowa State University, and graduated from the law depart- 
ment of Yale College. He was admitted to the bar in 1877, and began 
practice in Wallingford. where he remained three years. He after- 
ward practiced in Ohio, between three and four years, and during a 
part of the time was local attorney in the coal fields for the Ohio Cen- 
tral Coal Company. He came East on a visit, not intending to remain, 
but finally settled in Meriden in 1884, where he has since practiced. 
In the spring of 1886 he became a member of the firm of O. H. & J. 
P. Piatt, and is at present assistant city attorney. He married, in 
1879, Jennie E., daughter of P. H. Burns, of Middletown, Conn. 

George A. Fay was born at Marlboro, Mass., in 1838, and in 1863 grad- 
uated from the Yale Law School, since which time he has been an 
attorney in this city. Frank S. Fay, born at the same place in 1848, 
has been in practice .since 1871, in which year he was admitted to the 
New Haven County Bar. 

Cook Lounsbury was at Meriden from 1867 until 1875, when he re- 
moved to Hartford, where he is still in practice. 

George W. Smith, born in Wallmgford, in 1825, graduated from 
Yale Law School in 1857, was an attorney at Meriden from 1858 until 
his death, in 1890. He was many years the probate judge, serving in 
that office continuously from 1883 to 1889. 

Emerson A. Merriman, born at Westfield, Mass., August 3d, 1842, 
is a son of Silas A. and Lucretia B. (Rice) Merriman, a descendant of 
the Connecticut Merrim.ans. He graduated from the Connecticut Lit- 
erary Institution at Suffield, Conn., from the law department of Mich- 
igan University in March, 1867, and was admitted to practice law in 
Connecticut, at Hartford, in October, 1867. He opened an office in 
Meriden in December, 1867, where he has since been in the active 
practice of his profession. He was judge of probate for 12 years. 
He represented Meriden in the legislature in 1880 and 1881. He was 
married to Frances E., daughter of Reverend Ezra G. Johnson, De- 
cember 23d, 1872. 

Ratcliffe Hicks came soon after the war, continuing until 1880, 
when he removed to New York, where he engaged in manufacturing. 

John O. Thayer, .son of Augustine and Electa (Fairchild) Thayer, 
was born March 24th, 1843, in New Milford, Conn. He was educated 
at Housatonic Institute, New Milford, and was preparing for college 
when the war broke out. He enlisted in 1861 in Company I, 8th 
Regiment Connecticut Volunteers, and reenlisted in 1863, serving four 
years and three months. After his return he studied law with William 
Knapp, Esq., of New Milford, and was admitted to the bar of Litch- 
field county in 1869. In the fall of 1869 he came to Meriden and was 
for three years in the office of Senator O. H. Piatt, and afterward with 
Ratcliffe Hicks, under the firm name of Hicks & Thayer, which con- 
tinued three or four years. Since that time he has been practicing 



•526 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

law alone. He has been as.sLstant city attorney two terms, and assist- 
ant judg-e of the city and police court of Meriden about ten years, 
also a justice of the peace. He married Annie S., daughter of S. K. 
Devereux, of Castine, Maine. 

Wilbur F. Davis, a graduate of both the Harvard and Yale Law 

■ Schools, has been in practice in the city since 1870. Franklin Piatt, 

admitted to the New Haven bar in 1876, has been located at Meriden 

.since that time, having previously served as probate judge in 

Wallingford. 

Henry Dryhurst, .son of Henry and Eleanor (Lewis) Dryhurst, was 
born in England in 1855, and came to America in 1863 with his par- 
ents, locating first in Providence, R. I. They afterward moved to 
Taunton, Mass., and in 1865 came to Meriden. Mr. Dryhurst studied 
law in the offices of Ratcliffe Hicks, city attorney, George A. Fay and 
O. H. & J. P. Piatt, and was admitted to the bar January 15th, 1884, 
upon motion of Colonel D. R. Wright, of New Haven. He was chair- 
man of the republican town committee from 1886 to 1890, registrar of 
-voters, grand juror and justice of the peace. He was appointed post- 
master in Januar3% 1890. He married Margaret C, daughter of Wil- 
liam F. and Harriet (Bennett) Dutcher, of Wallingford, Conn., and 
has two children, a girl and a boy. His father was known as one of 
the most skilled silversmiths in England and America, worked for 
the largest silver concern in England, and came to this country to ' 
accept a position with the Gorham Manufacturing Company, Provi- 
dence, R. L He was afterward with Reed & Barton, Taunton, Mass., 
and in 1865 with the Meriden Britannia Company; he also worked for 
Tiffany, of New York. His mother's father was superintendent of 
the largest iron indu.stry in Wales. Her brother, Rowland Lewis, 
Q. C, is still practicing his profession in Wales. 

Charles W. Mann, a native of England, emigrated to America in 
1877, was admitted to the New Haven bar in 1878, when he located 
here and has since been in practice in this city. William C. Mueller, 
born in Germany, came to America at the age of ten years, in 1874, 
and since 1886 has been a member of the Meriden bar. John Barrett, 
an Englishman, in this country since 1872, has been an attorney at 
Meriden since 1881. In the same year Willis I. Fenn, after graduat- 
ing from the Yale Law School located at Meriden. C. H. Shaw, 
admitted in 1870, died in the city in June, 1883. 

Charles H. vSawyer, after studying in the office of George A. Fay, 
was admitted to practice in March, 1883, continuing at Meriden. 

George A. Clark, son of Edwin B. and Cornelia M. (Pratt) Clark, 
was born in Meriden, March 27th, 1866, educated at Meriden High 
School, and graduated from Yale Law School in 1887. Previous to 
going to college he was for four years reporter on various newspapers, 
including the Meriden Press Recorder, Hartford Times, Nezu Haven 
Union and New Haven Alorning News. He studied for two years in the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 527 

office of E. A. Merriman, and began practice in Meriden in 1887. He 
was candidate for probate judge in 1888, and for city clerk in 1889, 
and is at present collector of taxes. 

Other contemporary lawyers are Charles P. Ives, since 1876, Richard 
Gleeson, since 1886, and Henry Dryhurst, the latter not active in his 
profession. 

Among attorneys who have been at Meriden and have removed 
may be noted D. J. Donahoe, 1876 to 1880; Darwin M. Woodward, 
1877; William Slatterley, 1880; A. L. Judd, 1880-5; F. A. Brown, 1882; 
Edward Kunkel, 1880; and E. J. Fenn, after 1880. Most of these 
attained distinguished success in other towns in this state or in 
Massachusetts. 

The following account of the secret orders in Meriden was pre- 
pared for this work by Hon. William Wallace Lee : 

It nowhere appears in any known record that any attempt was 
made, prior to 1815, to organize a Masonic Lodge in Meriden. In that 
year a petition was presented to the Grand Lodge for a charter, but as 
Meriden was at that time a small town and there were then in active 
operation Lodges in Berlin, Southington and Wallingford, six miles 
to the north, west and south, respectively, and one of the oldest 
in the state at Middletown, ten miles to the east, the project was not 
deemed feasible, and the petitions were refused. At the time when 
the "anti-Masonic craze" swept through the state, from 1828 to 1832, 
there were probably not more than twelve or fifteen Masons, if so 
many, living in what is now the town of Meriden. Although the 
■"craze," like other similar delusions, died out in a few years, no effort 
.seems to have been made to establish a Lodge until 1850. In that 
year another application was made for a charter, which, after the 
necessary preliminaries, was granted, and the organization was effected 
in January, 1851, under the name of Meridian Lodge, No. 77. 

The list of petitioners included some of the leading citizens, among 
whom were Charles Parker, Reverend John Parker (the first master), 
Stephen Ives, Bertrand L. Yale, Dexter R. Wright, etc. The Lodge 
gradually added to its membership from the best class of citizens, and 
met for 15 years "up-town" (so-called) in "Odd Fellows Hall;" but, as 
the business and growth of the town was toward the "Corner," or 
nearer the railroad, the Lodge, after much consideration and discus- 
sion, voted, in April, 1865, to hold its communications in "Morgan 
Hall." This was its home for about six years, and was also the period 
in which the Lodge had its greatest prosperity. In 1871 the Lodge 
voted to lease, for a term of 15 years, the room which it has ever since 
occupied, in Palace Block. 

There have been upon the roll of membership more than 500 dif- 
ferent names, but deaths, removals and other causes have reduced the 
number, so that in 1890 the membership did not much exceed 300. 
Among the members are men prominent in every department of life, 



528 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

and who have in different avocations distinguished themselves as the 
leading citizens of the city. Several of the Meriden Masons have 
been honored by being elected to the highest positions in the Grand 
Lodge of the state. 

When Meridian, or the old Lodge, had voted, in 1865, to remove 
from its "up-town" home, some of those who deemed such a step un- 
wise made an effort to establish a new Lodge in the old locality, and 
organized to that end. After some little delay this movement was 
successful, and a charter was granted in 1866 for Center Lodge, No. 
97. This has been kept in a prosperous condition to the present time 
and now numbers about 200 members. 

Masonry has been a very popular institution in Meriden, and al- 
though it recognizes no political affiliations it has so pervaded all 
parties and churches that it is a fact that with only two exceptions 
every mayor of the city was a Free Mason; also a very large propor- 
tion, if not majority, of those connected in town and city affairs, were 
members of this widely extended brotherhood. 

While every Free Mason knows that there are several grades and 
different organizations in Masonry, the uninitiated are not familiar 
with the fact. The.se are not antagonistic, but harmonious in their 
fields of labor, and may, without impropriety, be .said to correspond 
to the different grades of schools or departments in educational life, 
the primary grade being the subordinate or Blue Lodge. 

Keystone Chapter, No. 27, Royal Arch Masons, was organized in 
Meriden in 1854. Among those mo.st active in it were Humphrey 
Lyon, who was for more than 20 years the treasurer; James Brooks, and 
Doctor Noah H. Byington, of Southington, who was the first presid- 
ing officer. Its meetings were usually held at the "corner." Its 
growth for about ten years was slow, owing to unavoidable causes, 
but about 1864 there began a more prosperous period, which, with the 
incidental exceptions that are features of every voluntary association, 
has been maintained ever since. It has now from 250 to 300 mem- 
bers. Among its now prominent ones are William H. Miller, W. H. 
Westwood, Mathew Beatty, John P. Weir and William Cochrane, the 
oldest living past high priest. All the charter rhembersare dead. A 
large number of the living members reside elsewhere, their avocations 
in life (many being mechanics) having called them to other localities. 

Hamilton Council, No. 22, Royal and Select Masters, was organized 
in 1854, those who were prominent m the movement being, witli few 
exceptions, the same who were active in organizing the Chapter, 
which naturally follows, as the grades are closely connected. Meeting 
in the same place with the Chapter, depending upon that for its 
growth, it shared the latter's fortune of poor accommodations, being 
burned out, etc. Among its past officers were William H. Miller, 
William H. Westwood, M. Beatty, A. R. Vale. J. P. Weir and William 
Wallace Lee. The last two have been the official head of the vState 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 529 

Council. It has a membership of about 125. All of its charter mem- 
bers are dead, and many of the living are widely scattered. 

St. Elmo Commandery, No. 9, Knights Templar, was organized in 
1869. In the preceding grades of Masonry, the only religious qualifi- 
cation is that the candidate must express his belief in a God, but in 
Chivalric Masonry it is requisite that he be a believer in the Christian 
religion and must, also, be in good standing as a Mason. Prominent 
in the organization of St. Elmo Commandery were Doctor G. H. Wil- 
son (its first presiding officer), H. Wales Lines, Theodore Byxbee and 
E. C. Birdseye. Of these Messrs. Lines and Birdseye have been the 
official head of the State Grand Body. Others who have presided 
over the local body are Levi E. Coe, E. B. Everett, William H. Miller, 
W. F. Davis, E. J. Doolittle and William Beatty. Since its organiza- 
tion its experience has been that of a steady growth until now its 
membership must be nearly one hundred, and it ranks among the 
foremost of the younger subordinates in the state. Five of our ex- 
mayors are members and it includes many of the leading men of the 
city and town. 

Eastern Star or Adoptive Masonry is the title by which is desig- 
nated an association whose requisites for membership are that one 
must be a Master Mason in good standing, or the wife, mother, 
daughter or sister (over 18 years of age) of a Master Mason. Such 
an one was organized in Meriden in 1868, under the name of Meridian 
Chapter, No. 8, Order of the Eastern Star. From the first it was a 
success, and has always been a very harmonious and prosperous 
organization. It has a large membership (nearly 250) and is financially 
one of the strongest bodies in the town. It is doubtful if there is an- 
other place in the state, where the organization has to such an extent, 
commanded the confidence and support of the Masons generally. 
Among the women prominently interested are Mrs. J. T. Pettee, Mrs. 
A. C. S. Bario (who has held the highest office in the state), Mrs. W. 
W. Powers, Mrs. W. R. Derby, Mrs. G. A. Bicknell. Justice to the 
women who are so active in maintaining it, demands the statement 
of this fact, that there is no organization in Meriden bearing the 
name of Masonry, that watches over its members with greater fidelity, 
or cares more tenderly for its needy members than does this meri- 
torious body. 

Odd Fellowship in Meriden is the oldest, most numerous and, finan- 
cially, the strongest of its many fraternal associations, all of which 
seem to be in a thriving condition. It has three grades or distinct 
organizations, viz.: Lodges, Encampments (to which are in some cases 
appended "the Canton," a semi-military organization, very similar to 
Knights Templar among Free Masons), and the Rebecca Lodges, so 
called, or the degree of Rebekah. To the Lodge any man of the 
white or Caucasian race 21 years old is eligible. The membership of 
the Encampment is drawn from the Lodge, while any one who is a 
33 



530 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

member of a Lodge in good standing, is eligible to the Rebekah 
Lodges, as also are their wives, sisters and daughters, 18 years of age. 
There are in this town four Lodges, two Encampments, one Canton 
and three Rebekah Lodges, each of which can be only briefly noticed, 
because of limited space. 

Hancock Lodge, No. 28, L O. O. F., was instituted in 1846 in the 
"uptown" locality. Its early members were some of the leading 
citizens of the town and it increased in numbers rapidly. The spirit 
of locality which was then a more marked feature of the town than 
now, was felt in all societies, churches, etc. In 1849, after a long, and 
at times almost an acrimonious discussion, it was voted to move 
" down town," where the Lodge had a good degree of success for 
some years, doing its work and caring for the sick. While the statis- 
tics for the expenditure of these years cannot be had, enough is known 
to warrant the statement that it would nearly if not quite amount to 
$2,.'30(). 

With the general decline in the order it also began to decay and 
about 1859 it ceased to hold meetings and, of cour.se, its charter was 
annulled by the Grand Lodge. The Lodge remained dormant until 
September 5th, 1872, when it was revived and moved to vSouth Meriden, 
as the village formerly known as Hanover is now called, and, consid- 
ering its somewhat limited field of labor, is well established. It has 
now about 150 members and a fund of $3,000. It has neat quarters 
and its affairs are managed with prudence and economy. It has paid 
for relief and aid to brothers and their families since its re-organiza- 
tion nearly $10,000. Among its members are some of the leading 
and most prominent men of that part of the town, and its future 
appears prosperous. 

Meriden Center Lodge, No. 68, was instituted in 1849. When 
Hancock Lodge, No. 28, voted to remove to the "Corner," as "down 
town" was then called, it was against the almost unanimous vote of 
the "up town" members; so, as soon as the matter was fully decided, 
the members on the hill were practically a unit in the project of a new 
Lodge in their locality. This purpose resulted in their receiving a 
charter bearing the above name and number. Asa result of the feel- 
ing of locality much missionary work was done to increase the mem- 
bership of the two rival Lodges, and within three years from the date 
of its institution (July 27th, 1849), the new Lodge had passed the older 
one in numbers and financial strength. In the following year (18r;0) 
the Lodge erected, on Broad street, a building for its own use, which 
was a wise provision, because it kept the Lodge together and pre- 
served its organization in the period of general decline, when fully 
two-thirds of the Odd Fellow Lodges became extinct. By very pru- 
dent management they were able to keep up their organization and 
retain their property, .so that when the revival came it found them in 
very good financial condition. Since that period, in about 1866, it has 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 531 

prospered in every respect, adding to its numbers and means every 
year. A handsome brick block, in the place of the old wooden one 
(removed), was erected by the Lodge and duly dedicated in 1888. The 
value of this hall, with lot, furniture, fixtures, etc., is estimated at not 
less than $28,000. The new Odd Fellows' Hall up town is an orna- 
ment to that part of the city. It is neatly and tastefully fitted up, and 
is a model for stronger Lodges in larger cities. The Lodge has borne 
on its rolls 760 members. Many members have died, and 70 were 
buried with the honors of the order. 

This Lodge has now 250 members in good standing. Full statis- 
tics cannot be had, but enough is known to warrant the statement that 
the Lodge has paid for relief, in its various forms, during its existence, 
about $28,000, besides such other charitable work as is within the 
province of every well-conducted Lodge of Odd Fellows. It deserves 
and receives the confidence of not only the fraternity, but also of the 
public generally. 

Pacific Lodge, No. 87, was organized April 7th, 1870. Most of the 
petitioners, some 35 in number, had been members of No. 68, "up 
town." While not at all dissatisfied with the Lodge, they were of the 
opinion that a new Lodge was needed down town, and so resolved to 
make the venture, not heeding the predictions of failure that were 
made by brethren of little faith. The Lodge first met in "Morgan's 
Hall." From the beginning it was a success, and its growth all that 
could be wished. When Meridian Lodge vacated its rooms and moved 
into new quarters in "Palace Block," in 1871, Pacific Lodge at once 
leased Morgan's Hall for a term of years, and continued to meet there 
until July, 1890. It increased in membership, and now has about 340 
members. 

After some years of deliberation by the Lodge it was resolved to 
build a hall of its own, and a lot was secured on State street, and a 
handsome block erected, at a total expense of about $30,000. The 
rooms are ample for the work of the Lodge and are fitted up in good 
taste. There is a good, but not large library. So well is the hall 
adapted for society work that its rooms are rented every week day 
night but one. At the dedication of the same, February 18th, 1890, the 
Grand Lodge officers complimented the Lodge highly tapon their new 
home. Its membership includes all classes. Ministers and laymen, 
merchants and mechanics, lawyers and laborers, rich and poor, old 
and young, meet upon a common level and participate in the affairs 
and labors of the Lodge. 

It has ever been the aim of the Lodge faithfully to perform all its 
duties and obligations to the fullest extent, to be honorable in all 
things, to care for its needy ones and their families. In only one in- 
stance has there ever been an appeal from its action on such matters. 
While it may in some cases be imposed upon, it has never been mean. 
We know this, that during its existence it has paid out more than 



532 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

$14,000 to its members and their widowed families, and in several 
cases has stood between those of very limited means and the poor 
house. The assistance rendered transient members of the order 
would reach several hundreds of dollars. It has been a power for 
good and a blessing in the town of Meriden. 

As a charter member and its first presiding officer, the writer has 
been identified with the Lodge to the present time. 

Teutonic Lodge, No. 95, was organized in 1875 by a number of per- 
sons, most of whom had been members of Pacific Lodge, and it may 
with some degree of propriety be called an off-shoot from that Lodge. 
As its name indicates, it is composed almost entirely of those who 
were born in Germany, and who desired to be organized into a Lodge 
where the ritual and work would be in a familiar language, and where 
they could cultivate those social traits which are so prominent among 
that class of our citizens. The Lodge has prospered fully as well as 
could be expected. Meetings are now held in the rooms of Pacific 
Lodge, and any brother, no matter whether he understands their lan- 
guage, is cordially welcomed. It has now about 125 members, among 
whom are many of our leading and most respected citizens of German 
birth and parentage. It cares for its sick and needy members with 
fidelity. Its affairs are administered in a very prudent and economi- 
cal manner. It has moneys and property to a value of $4,000, and has 
expended in the way of benefits to its sick members, burials, for char- 
itable purposes, etc., rising of $6,000. 

Oasis Encampment, No. 16, was instituted in September, 1849. Its 
meetings have always been held in the rooms of Meriden Center 
Lodge, from which it has largely drawn its membership. It pros- 
pered until the waning interest in Odd Fellowship, when, for some 
years, its meetings were suspended. In 1867 the Encampment was 
revived, and it has since had a fair degree of prosperity. It has had 
in the neighborhood of 300 members, and at present 100 are in good 
standing. 

Atlantic Encampment, No. 28, was instituted April 12th, 1872, with 
about 20 charter members, most of whom have belonged to Oasis En- 
campment. It may be called an appendage to Pacific Lodge, in whose 
rooms the meetings have always been held. A large proportion of 
those belonging are members of Pacific Lodge. It now has about 125 
members in good standing, the number recently having been dimin- 
ished by dismissals, to form Wallingford Encampment. Atlantic 
Encampment holds a high rank among similar bodies in the state. 

Canton Meriden, No. 2, is composed largely of members of Atlan- 
tic Encampment, and their interests are closely allied. Only the 
.social and military features are cultivated by the 40 young men con- 
stituting its membership. This is a recent introduction into the 
order, and some years must elapse before it can be determined 
whether it were best to continue this feature. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 533 

Rachfl Lodge, No. 2, D. of R., was instituted in March, 1870, and is 
maintained in connection with Meriden Center Lodge, No. 68, its mem- 
ber.ship being mainly from that .source. Its growth has been slow but 
steady, and the affairs are well managed. While the social features 
of the order are given a prominent place, its charitable and benevo- 
lent work is not neglected. Its needy members have been aided to 
the extent of a thousand dollars. There are 120 members and an avail- 
able fund of $.500. 

Esther Lodge, No. 7, D. of R., was instituted April 6th, 1871, at the 
rooms of Pacific Lodge, No. 87, and is connected with that body to a 
certain extent. The Lodge has aimed to conform strictly to the laws 
of the order and hence its moneys have been generou.sly expended to 
carry on its work. There are 100 members and funds to the amount 
of $500. 

Eintracht Lodge, No. 19, D. of R., as its name indicates, is com- 
posed mainly of Germans. It was instituted July 7th, 1880, and its 
meetings are held in Pacific Lodge rooms. The Lodge is active and 
by prudent management has accumulated a fund of $1,500, besides 
doing its work in a creditable manner. It has from 70 to 80 members 
and occupies a position which enables it to cultivate a large field of 
usefulness. 

The Knights of Pythias are represented in Meriden by Myrtle 
Lodge, No. 4, which was instituted in 1869, with 35 charter members. 
Its growth had been all that could be desired until the summer of 
1874 when, owing (so it is said) to some dissatisfaction with the action 
of the Grand Lodge, Myrtle Lodge surrendered its charter. On the 
application of some of its former members this charter was restored 
in 1883, since which time the prosperity enjoyed has placed this Lodge 
among the foremost ones in the state. The Lodge looks after the 
needs of its members in a diligent manner, providing liberally for 
their wants. About $1 ,700 has been expended for charitable purposes, 
and a clear fund of $500 remains in the treasury. The Lodge has a 
fine field of usefulness. More than 100 members belong. 

In connection with this Lodge is the Uniformed Rank, a semi- 
military branch of the order, corresponding somewhat to the Knights 
Templar of Free Masonry. Its members are the young men of the 
order, who enter upon their work with much enthusiasm. About forty 
persons are thus interested and have become very proficient. Their 
showy uniforms attract much attention when they appear in public. 

In addition to the foregoing there are, in the city, many other 
orders: The Knights of Honor have two Lodges; the Knights of 
Columbus, three Councils; the Sons of vSt. George, one Lodge; the 
Ancient Order of Hibernians, two Divisions; the Ancient Order of 
Foresters, three Courts; the Improved Red Men, one Tribe; the 
Knights of Labor, six Assemblies; the Patriotic Sons of America, one 
Camp; the Royal x\rcanum, one Council; the Order of Shepherds, one 



534 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Sanctuary: the United Workmen, one Lodge; the American Mechanics, 
one Council; the Turnverien, incorporated in 1880; and besides more 
than a dozen temperance, benevolent and beneficiary orders. 

A prelimary meeting to organize a Post of the Grand Army of the 
Republic was held at the town hall, February 1st, 1867; and in the 
furtherance of that object a charter was granted April 15th, 1867, 
which bore the names of the following comrades as charter members: 
Albert T. Booth, William H. Minchin, Henry A. Kirtland, Heber vS. 
Ives, Charles S. Gallager, N. S. Wood, E. O. Puffer, Frederick H. 
Parker and George C. Geer. 

November 16th, 1868, a vote was taken for a name for the Post, 
which resulted in a unanimous adoption of " Merriam," in honor of 
Lieutenant Edwin J. Merriam, of the 7th Connecticut Volunteers, who 
died at Fortress Monroe from wounds received at the battle of Deep 
Run, Va., August 16th, 1864. Soon after this interest in the Post 
declined and, in 1869, it was practically reorganized. Slow progress 
was made and it was not until October 5th, 1874, that permanent head- 
quarters were secured, in the commodious hall, on Colony street. 
Here, in addition to its large hall, a suite of rooms has been fitted up 
and finely furnished for the u.se of the members. Among the other 
privileges thus provided is a library of about 5UU volumes, which has 
promoted the good of the order. 

Merriam Post is not only one of the oldest and most flourishing in 
the state, but it is also one of the largest and most influential, having 
a membership of 300.* Like most other organizations it has had its 
seasons of adversity, and the comrades will not soon forget the unfor- 
tunate steamboat excursion to West Point in 1871, in which the Post 
suffered .serious loss financially, and was for a long time left heavily 
in arrears. The Post by giving plays, holding fairs and by careful, 
economical management, finally succeeded in cancelling its financial 
indebtedness, and in addition to the possession of $3,200 worth of Post 
property it now has about $11,00') in its Relief and Post funds. It 
also owns a burial plot, 50 by 60, in Walnut Grove Cemetery. 

From $.500 to $1,000 is spent yearly for the relief of its members, 
and all its funds are sacredly pledged for the relief of those in want. 
A valuable adjunct in this work of the organization is the Woman's 
Relief Corps, No. 259, which has a helpful membership. 

In April, 1887, Merriam Post, No. 8, was properly incorporated by 
the Legislature and authorized to hold property to an amount not 
exceeding $50,000. 

The following have served as Post commanders, in the years named: 
Joseph J. Wooley, 1867-8, 1871; Frank J. Carter, 1868 9; Frank G. Otis, 
1872-4; William L. Stoddard, 1875; John H. Chapman, 1876; Isaac B. 
Hyatt, 1877 9; William G. Gallager, 1880; Wallace A. Miles, 1881; 
Frederick A. Higby, 1882; Wilbur F. Rogers, 1883; Constans C. Kinne, 

* More than .'iOO have belonged. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 535 

1884: Ezekiel R. Merriam, 1885; Julius Augur, 1886; Albert F. Hall, 
1887; H. L. B. Pond, 1888; Charles S. Kelsey, 1889; Allen W. Harvey, 
1890. 

The Post can point with pride to the noble soldier's monument at 
the head of Main street, which will continue to stand in sunshine and 
storm through the coming generations, long after the brave soldiers 
of Meriden have passed away — a silent but impres,sive testimony of 
the grand work of Merriam Post. This monument was erected by a- 
public-spirited interest awakened and kept alive by Merriam Post, 
whose members in 1870 aroused patriotic sentiment here to .such a 
high pitch that at a patriotic meeting held $10,000 was voted for the 
monument. Reverend J. J. Wooley making the motion, which was 
ably seconded by Honorable Orville H. Piatt. 

This beautiful memorial cost $11,000, of which Merriam Post con- 
tributed $1,000. The monument stands on town property on an emi- 
nence in front of the city hall. It is surrounded by an iron fence, in 
front of which are placed four cannon, captured from the rebels, and 
donated by the government, through the influence of Honorable S. 
\V. Kellogg, of Waterbury. The brass tablets on which the names 
of the heroic dead are inscribed, were imported from Germany. 
The dedicatory services were held in 1873, and were imposing and 
impressive, the oration being delivered by Honorable Joseph R. 
Hawley. The monument has every year since been suitably trimmed 
with flowers on " Memorial Day," and the appropriation of the town 
aids to properly observe that day. The tablets contain the names of 
158 of Meriden's soldiers who fell in the cause of the Union, which is 
a large proportion of those serving, the enlistments in rank and file 
being 875 men. 

The monument is of Westerly granite, finely proportioned, and is 
36 feet high. Surmounting it is a chaste granite figure, seven feet 
high, of a private soldier at " parade rest." The monument in con- 
nection with its surroundings is one of the most attractive objects in 
the city. 

Charles L. Upham Camp, No. 7, Sons of Veterans, recently estab- 
lished, is also in a flourishing condition. 

The Meriden Agricultural Society held its first annual fair at Brad- 
ley's Park, in the southwestern part of the city, in vSeptember, 1872, 
under the direction of the following officers; D. E. W. Hatch, presi- 
dent; Levi E. Coe, secretary; S. H. W. Yale, treasurer; E. D. Castelow, 
superintendent. The exhibitions were there continued yearly until 
1876, when the fair was held for the first time on the grounds of the 
Meriden Park Company, in the northern part of the city. The exhibi- 
tions at the same place for the next three years were the occasions of 
unabated interest and financial success. In 1880 the society yielded 
its privileges on these grounds to the State Agricultural Society, which 
has since that year continued to hold its annual fairs at that place, 
usually with success. 



536 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The Meriden Park Company was organized November 26th, 1875, 
with a capital of $22,000. The stock was divided into many .shares, as 
it was intended to popularize the movement to open a fine place for 
exhibitions and sporting purposes. The Moses Burr Farm of 56 acres 
was purchased for $12,000, and a large sum of money was spent in en- 
closing 30 acres and fitting up the same. A good half mile track was 
constructed. The grounds were first u.sed for fair purposes by the 
Meriden Agricultural Society, in 1S7G, and in 1880 the Connecticut 
annual state fair began to be held at that place. For the use of that 
society the grounds were enlarged and supplied with the necessary 
buildings. The park is well adapted for large gatherings, having 
sloping sides, which afford a natural amphitheater. 

Jonas P. vStow was the first president of the Park Company and 
Horace C. Wilcox one of the largest stockholders. In 1889 the officers 
of the company were: President, N. L. Bradley; vice-president, George 
Cooley; secretary, S. A. Hull; treasurer, L. E. Coe. 

The Meriden Poultry Association had as its officer-! in 1889: Presi- 
dent, L. E. Coe; secretary, Joshua Shute; treasurer, Wilbur B. Hall. The 
association has held several annual meetings and exhibitions of fine 
and fancy poultry, which were successful in points of attendance and 
interest. An impetus to careful breeding was given and a number of 
persons became fanciers of improved poultry. In late years these 
pursuits have been followed with diminished interest, but the organi- 
zation of the association is nominally maintained. 

A flourishing Grangfe of the Patrons of Husbandry is maintained in 
Meriden. 

The following account of educational affairs in Meriden was con- 
tributed by Reverend J. T. Pettee, A. M., acting school visitor: 

When Meriden was set off from Wallingford, in 1806, there were 
seven school districts, and the same number of school houses. The 
districts were: The Center, the Northwest (now the Old Road), the 
Northeast, the East, the Southeast, the West and the Farms (then 
called the Southwest district). In 1837 the North Center, the Corner 
and Hanover had been added to the number. 

The earliest record that we have of the schools of Meriden is 1814, 
and this occurs almost by accident. That year the wisdom of our 
fathers ordained that the .school children of Meriden should be vaccin- 
ated, and at a special town meeting, held April 23d, the following vote 
was taken : " Voted, to appoint a committee of two from each school 
district to introduce kine pock innoculation." The committee ap- 
pointed were : For the Center district, Doctors Isaac I. Hough and 
Theophilus Hall; Northwest district, Patrick Clark and Matthew 
Fo.ster; Northeast district, Phineas Hough and Eleazer Scovil: the East, 
Samuel Baldwin, Jr., and Ira Hall; Southeast district, Othnicl Ives and 
Irah Curtis; .Southwest (now the Farms), Ichabod Wood and Moses 
Cowles; West district. Dan Andrews and Levi Allen: Plymert (in 
Cheshire), John Plymert. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 537 

This vote of April 23(3,1814, has been of essential service, not only 
in enabling- me to fix the names and number of the original districts, 
but in marking the two changes in names, viz.: in the Northwest and 
Southwest districts. We know that the Northwest of this list is the 
Old Road of the present, because Patrick Clark was on its committee, 
and Patrick Clark was an Old Road man ; and his son, P. J. Clark, 
showed me where lie attended school in this district nearly seventy 
years ago. In the same way we know that the Southwest district of 
this list was the present Farms district, for Ichabod Wood, one of the 
inoculating committee of this district, we recognize as the father of 
the late Deacon Wood, who lived in what is now the Farms district. 

Our districts then, in 1814 (making these nominal changes), were 
the Center, the Old Road, the Northwest, the East, the Southeast, the 
Farms and the West — seven — and I presume this was the number in 
1806, the year that the town was incorporated. 

In 1837, when a committee of one from each district was appointed 
to distribute Meriden's share of the "surplus revenue," $4,386.72 (Con- 
necticut's share was $763,661), the name of the districts are again 
given, and it appears that the Corner, Hanover and the Ives had been 
added to the number; if we inquire "when added, and by what author- 
ity," the records are silent. Now the organization of new districts is 
by town authority, and matter of town record — it was not so in the 
time of our fathers. Perhaps school matters were recorded in a separ- 
ate volume; if so, that volume is lost, and we have nothing to show the 
exact time of the organization of these new districts. 

I will now take up the original seven districts in the order in which 
they are named in the vote of April 23d, 1814, and locate, if possible, 
their respective .school houses. 

The Old Center. — This stood in what is now High street, back of 
the old Baptist church, at the northwest corner of the Broad Street 
Cemetery, directly front of the present residence of Mr. Lyman P. 
Butler. If standing, as I think it was, when the town was incorpor- 
ated, it served the district as a school house for 57 years, or until the 
South Center was built, about 1863, which stood on Curtis street, where 
the house of Mr. Charles G. Kendrick now stands, and which accom- 
modated the children of the south end of the district until the brick 
.school house on Parker avenue was built, in 1869 ; ju.st as the North 
Center, which stood on the corner of Broad and Wall streets, and after- 
ward gave way to a better building (still standing on School street), 
accommodated those from the north part. The house on Parker ave- 
nue and its "annex" on South Broad street, built in 1884, with their 
twelve fine school rooms, accommodate the whole Center district, and 
the names South Center and North Center have disappeared. The 
first enumeration of the Center district which I find recorded, January 
1st, 1864, gives 203 children ; the one October 1st, 1880, gives 872. 
Upon the building of the South Center, in 1863, the old building on 



538 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



High Street, after having been used a while for storage purposes, was 
demolished. 

The Old Road. — There issomething to my own mind, very interesting 
in the name of this school house, standing as it does on the old colonial 
road, on which our fathers in colonial times, traveled from Hartford 
to New Haven, on foot, or on horseback, as there were no carriages 
for common people in those days, and if there had been, this road^, a 
mere bridle path, would not have accommodated them. Originally, 
as we have seen, this district was called Northwest, but its tax^'payers 
did well m changing it to Old Road in honor of the historic thorough- 
fare on which its school building stands. The first school house'^of 
this district stood on the corner of Hicks and Colony streets, where 
the second was ahso built about 1843. This seoond school house, when 
built, was probably the finest school building in Meriden. It is .still 
standing on its original site, serving some useful purpose for the 
Meriden Malleable Iron Company. The first school house was moved 
off when the .second was built, and now forms part of a dwelling hou.se 
on Britannia street. No. 51. Were this old building still stan'ding it 
would be m strange contrast with the beautiful school house now 
standing a few rods east of its old location, which was built in 1875, 
at a co.st of $15,000, and which, with its well kept and spacious school 
grounds, is one of our best district school houses. It has four large 
school rooms and two good recitation rooms. In 1863 this district, 
with two teachers, had a registration of 65, and returned an enumera- 
tion of 75; in 1889 it gave employment to six teachers, had a registra- 
tion of 275, and returned an enumeration of 374. 

The Northeast Distnet.—'I\i\s. is one of the original seven that appear 
upon the town list of 1814. Its first school house is still standingnear 
its original location, on Bee street, a quarter of a mile north of the 
present school house, just south of the track of the Meriden & Crom- 
well railroad, next the residence of Mr. William A. Ives. It has been 
slightly enlarged since it was used for .school purposes, and now forms 
the dwelling house of Mr. Edward Fritz, is in good condition, and if 
" kept up " may last another hundred years. The present house of 
this district was built in 1868, at a cost of $1,500. The enumeration 
of 1889 gave 51. The attendance is small because so many of the 
enumerated children go to Prattsville and the Center. 

The East District.— The first school house in this district was built 
sometime previous to 1814, and stood on the north side of the Middle- 
town road, on the corner, by Mr. Almon Hall's. What became of the 
building I do not know; probably it was not worth moving, for I find 
from the Meriden land records that this year land was deeded by 
Samuel Baldwin for a .school lot on what is now the estate of Hezekiah 
Dunklee. The house here built, which we may call the second East 
District .school house, was used for school purposes till the easterly of 
the two present school houses was built, nearly opposite, 1846, to 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 53^ 

be followed by the westerly, in which two as good schools are 
taught as are to be found in Meriden. The enumeration of the district 
in 1889 was 87; the seating capacity of the school house 82. 

The Southeast nistriet.—Ueve is, perhaps, the oldest of our school 
buildings, having been built in 1800— certainly the oldest that is still 
used for school purposes. I was once told by Mr. Eli Ives, who " gradu- 
ated " here, that it originally stood some twelve rods southeast of its 
present location. It was moved to its present site in 1847; a few years 
ago it was enlarged — almost rebuilt — refurnished with modern school 
furniture, and is now one of the prettiest, though perhaps the 
smallest, of our Meriden school houses. 

The Farms District. — When the town was incorporated in 1806, and 
as late as 1837, this was called the Southwest district. Our Meriden 
fathers were in the habit of dividing the town into four highway dis- 
tricts, and as these were determined bv " the crossing of the two turn- 
pike," as the records express it (the Hartford and New Haven and 
the Middletown and Waterbury). they bore the names of Northwest, 
Northeast, Southwest and Southeast; and it was very natural that they 
should, as far as they could, attach the same names to the school dis- 
tricts; so we are not surprised that the Old Road was called North- 
west, or that the Farms was called Southwest. Once on the record it 
is called " Falls Plain;" and I am glad that it is, for it shows us where 
Hanover children went to school before the Hanover district was 
formed, " Falls Plain " being the ancient name of all of that level 
tract in and around Hanover, derived from the beautiful falls of the 
Ouinnipiac at Hanover and Yalesville. The first school house was 
built in 1800; repaired and enlarged in 1869; condemned by the school 
board in 1878; moved off and a new one built in 1879, at an expense 
of $1,500. It was built on a liberal scale; has seats for 68 pupils, and 
will answer the wants of the district for many years. This is our 
only overlying district — i. e., the only district that reaches over into 
another town. It draws just about as many children from Walling- 
ford as from Meriden; the enumeration in 1889 was 71 — 38 from 
Meriden and 33 from Wallingford. 

Tlie West District. — The first school house in this district stood on 
the north side of Johnson avenue, opposite the place where the Good- 
year road comes into it. About the year 1850 it was moved on to the 
present school lot, on the corner of Johnson avenue and Spruce street, 
where it stood till the present house was built in 1870, but nearer the 
corner of the street, when it was purchased by Mr. William Johnson, 
who began to move it up the hill, but abandoned the design and tore 
it down; so that no part of the old West District school house now 
remains, unless some of its timbers have entered into the construction 
of other buildings. About the time that the old school house was first 
moved, say 1850, this district dropped the name West and took that 
of Ives, and was known as the Ives district till 1870, when it changed 



640 HISTORY Of NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

again and took the name of Northwest, which it still bears. About 
the time that the old school house was moved up the hill, the stone 
school house was built on the Deacon Allen road, and the district in 
which it stood resumed its old name. West district. The present 
large and commodious school house of this district on West Main 
street began to be built in 1868 — lu-gaii to be built, I say, for it has 
grown from two rooms in 1868 to ten rooms in 1890. The two south 
rooms were built in 1868; the two north rooms in 1871; the two west 
rooms in 1877: two east rooms in 1883, and the two rooms still further 
east in 1885. And this growth of the school house represents the 
growth of the district, which in 1868 returned 174 enumerated chil- 
dren, and in 1889 returned 981. 

This carries us through the original seven districts, and locates, I 
believe, all of the old school houses. They were, I may observe, all 
built pretty much alike, of about the same size, and furnished pretty 
much in the same manner; small, square, one story buildings, usually 
about 20 by 2;"), painted red if painted at all, furnished with the old- 
fashioned stone fire-place, with the large box pine desk for the master 
or mistress, and with the long, broad desk or shelf secured to the wall 
on two sides of the school room. This was for the older scholars — 
those who had attained to the dignity of writing and ciphering. For 
younger pupils plain seats were provided, without backs or foot-rests, 
in the middle of the school room. These were usually made of plank 
or saw mill slabs, with stakes driven through them for legs in the 
manner of milking stools. 

T/ic Corner District. — This name does not appear on my list of 1814, 
nor can I get any trace of it till about 1830, when its first school house 
stood on the corner of East Main and State streets, about where Mr. 
Paddock's fruit store now stands. A gentleman who attended there 
in his boyhood speaks of it as " surrounded by a swamp," while an 
elderly lady, with a touch of poetry, refers to it as " nestling among 
the willows." The Corner school was kept here until 1836, when it 
was removed to a two story building which stood on the north side 
of Church street, near the southeast corner of the present Corner 
school grounds. This building, in 1853, was purchased by Mr. Noah 
Linsley, moved to the south side of Church street, and fitted up as a 
dwelling house. The district then purchased the building which had 
been erected for Mr. H. D. Smith, and where he and Mr. David N. 
Camp, who was a.ssociated with him in instruction, taught a most 
excellent high and select school, from 1847 to 1853, known as the 
Meriden Institute. They enlarged it from time to time, as the growth 
of the district required, and used it till the present brick building was 
built, directly in front of it, in 1868. Then the old building was sold 
to Mr. Jarcd R. Cook; part of it was taken down and its timber used 
in the construction of a house (the French roofed house that stands 
near the brook) on Cook avenue; the old chapel-like " Institute " was 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 541 

moved bodily to King street, where it now stands, the first house from 
the corner of Orange street. 

The "annexes" of this school on Willow and King streets were 
built in 1883 and 1887. The valuation of school property is now $97,- 
500. The earliest enumeration I find recorded, that of 1865, gives 
495; the enumeration of October 1st, 1889, gave 1,901, an increase of 
1,406 in 24 years. Then five teachers did the work; now 25 are em- 
ployed, 

Hanover District. — This district first appeared upon the list in 1837. 
Before it was organized the children in the east part of it probably 
went to the Farms district, tho.se in the north part to the West, while 
those in the west part went to the Plymert, a district in Cheshire, whose 
old school house stood on Cheshire street, near the location of the 
present school house, where some of our Meriden children have 
always attended, and where we paid for their instruction as late as 
1876. I cannot fix exactly the date of the building of the first school 
house in this district; it must have been, however, before 1844, for in 
the Meriden land records, vol. 9, p. 324, 1 find recorded a deed from 
Dennison Parker to the Hanover School District of a piece of land on 
which the school house was then standing, and the deed bears date 
July 24th, 1844. I have no difficulty, however, in finding the place 
where it stood, as the Hanover people well remember — on the present 
school grounds, a little east of the present school building. It was a 
long, one-story building, containing two rooms. It now stands on 
Cutler avenue, not far from the residence of Mr. A. L.Stevens. While 
the new school house was building, and for some time before, the 
school was kept in a building on the opposite side of the street. The 
present school house was erected in 1868, at a cost of $11,000. It is 
one of our best school buildings, with four well lighted and well ven- 
tilated rooms, and with spacious and well kept school grounds. But, 
owing to the fluctuations of business and changes of population, there 
has been a falling off in registration and attendance the past ten or 
twelve years; for several years but three rooms have been occupied, 
and the enumeration of 1889 gave but 125 children. 

Prattsville District. — This is comparatively a new district. Its first 
school house, a plain two-story bitilding, was built about 1849, and 
stood in the southeast corner of the present school yard, on the corner 
of North Broad and Camp streets. The present elegant building was 
erected in 1875, at an expense of |23,573. It is almost a model school 
house. It contains eight good school rooms, two good play rooms, and 
is but two stories high. In 1865 this district employed two teachers, 
had an average attendance of 50 scholars, and returned an enumera- 
tion of 137. In 1889 it employed seven teachers, had an attendance of 
260, and returned an enumeration of 557. Before the organization of 
this district the children in this part of Meriden were obliged to attend 
the Old Road, the Northeast, or the North Center districts. 



542 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 

Tlic Railroad District. — This is probably our youngest district. Its 
name shows that it was not organized till after the opening of the 
Hartford & New Haven railroad in 1840, and we have reasons for be- 
lieving that its first school house was not built till about 1853. It was 
a plain, one-story building, whichin 1868 was somewhat enlarged and 
raised to the dignity of two stories, in which form it still stands on 
its original site, the most northern of the present school buildings. A 
new building of two rooms was built to the south of it in 1875, and this 
enlarged by adding two more rooms in 1885, so that now the Railroad 
district has six large school rooms, one small one and one recitation 
room, in which are employed eight efficient teachers. In 1864 but one 
was employed. Then the enumeration was 137; in 1889 it was 464. 

The public schools of Meriden now employ 87 teachers— 9 men, 78 
women. The enumeration of October 1st, 1890, gave 5,895, between 
the ages of 4 and 16. ( )f these, 4,355 were registered in the public 
schools, about 1,2()0 in the private and parochial. Of the remainder, 
338, most were under 5 or over 14 years of age. 

The Meriden High .School was organized at the commencement of 
the school year in 1881. Before its organization high school studies 
were pursued in several of the grammar schools, in the higher depart- 
ments of which girls were prepared for teaching and boys for college. 
But April 12th, 1881, the town authorized "a school of higher grade to 
relieve the pressure on the grammar schools," and the school was 
opened in the Turners' Hall, which stood where the High School 
building now stands, on the corner of Liberty and Catlin streets, but 
was soon removed to the Prattsville school house, where it was kept 
till the German-American school building was completed, when it took 
rooms there, which it occupied till the present High School building 
was ready, in 1885. This, built at , an expense (including land) of 
nearly $100,000, is one of the best high school buildings in the state of 
■Connecticut. It is furnished with a valuable library, the gift of Hon. 
I. C. Lewis and Mr. Walter Hubbard; a working laboratory furnished 
with the most modern chemical and philosophical apparatus, by the 
liberality of Mr. Henry S. Wilcox; a set of valuable physiological 
■charts, presented by Doctor Henry A. Archer; a costly cabinet of min- 
erals, presented by Reverend Doctor J. H. Chapin, and the use of the 
large and valuable collections of natural history specimens belonging 
to the Meriden Scientific Association, now, by courtesy of the High 
School committee, set up in this building. The school now (1891) 
numbers about 250 pupils, and graduates a class of about 30 each year. 

There is now invested in the lands, buildings and furniture of the 
public schools about $350,000. The cost to the town the present year 
is $61,000, and to the districts perhaps $10,000 more. 

The schools of Meriden were made free by vote of the town, Octo- 
ber 19th, 1863. At the annual town meeting, October 5th, G. H. Wilson, 
J. H. Farnsworth, W. E. Benham, John Parker and Russell B.Perkins, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 543 

were appointed a committee to consider the matter and to report at 
an adjourned town meeting October 19th; their report was accepted, 
and it was " looted, That from the beginning of the current school 
year (September 1st, 1868), all public schools of the town shall be free, 
and the expense of said schools, heretofore defrayed from the avails 
of rate bills, shall be paid by the town."* 

Of the private and parochial schools which are assisting in the 
education of the children of Meriden.St. Rose, Catholic, leads the way 
with some seven or eight hundred pupils; the German-American 
comes next with some 200; St. John's Lutheran follows with 108, and 
the Emanuel Lutheran with 100. 

In the past other schools have played an important part in the 
same good work; among which " The Meriden Institute," a select 
high school, established by Mr. Henry D. Smith in 1847, and very 
successfully taught by him and Mr. David N. Camp till 1853, deserves 
honorable mention. Here " the higher English branches were taught, 
as well as French and mathematics, and the Greek and Latin required 
the enter Yale College." The number of scholars varied from 150 to 
200. The " Institute " building stood where the German school 
building now stands — it is now a double dwelling house on King 
street. 

Posfs Academy, which stood where the house of Mr. Frank Rhind • 
now stands, corner of Elm and East Main streets, built 1841, burned 
about 1846, gave good instruction in the higher branches. The school 
was first organized in the house of the late William J. Ives on Broad 
street. This was followed by the Meriden Academy, instituted by 
the Meriden Academical Company, and kept in the old Baptist 
church on Broad .street, fitted up for the purpose, under the principal- 
ship of Mark B. Moore, James H. Atkins, Mr. Hill, William H. Ross. 
J. Q. Bradish, Samuel Young, Mr. Wilder and H. S. Jewett, from 1848 
to 1865; followed in its turn by an excellent private school kept by 
Miss E. A. Landfear, in this and a neighboring building, till 1870. 

Nor should the lesser private .schools be forgotten. Miss Malone's, 
in Captain Collin's house, in East Main street; Mrs. Augur's, in her 
own house; Mrs. Bradley's on Colony street; Miss Osborne's on Wash- 
ington street, should all be enumerated among the educational agen- 
cies of the town. 

Several lyceums and scientific as.sociations have also been useful 
educational means. The Young Men's Institute, which flourished thirty 
years ago, and in 1855 had, by vote of the town, a large room assigned it 
in the town hall; the East Side and Up Town Lyceums; the debating so- 
cieties held for .successive years in the Y. M. C. A. building; the Agassiz 
Association; the Chatauqua Circles which have flourished from time 
totime,.one of which is now in successful operation; and the Meriden 
Scientific Association, Reverend J. H. Chapin, Ph. D., president; 

*Town Records, Vol. I., p. 386. 



544 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Honorable C. H. S. Davis, M. D., secretary; which, though not incor- 
porated till 1887, is already sending- its reports and " Transactions " 
all over the world — none of these should be overlooked, or forgotten 
by one who would earnestly estimate the educational agencies of the 
town. 

The early settlers of Meriden as a class were devout people and 
esteemed the privilege of attending public worship even at places so 
remote as the meeting houses of Wallingford and Kensington. Both 
were really far-removed by reason of the bad roads which made travel- 
ing difficult. Wallingford seems to have recognized this difficulty 
and, in 1724, voted in respect to the 85 families living in that section, 
" that they may hire a minister for four months this winter on their 
own charge." Probably this attempt at separate services led to the 
desire for an in_dependent church in their midst, which, on the part 
of Wallingford, was granted, at the meeting held April 27th, 1725. 

The following May Nathaniel Merriam and others petitioned the 
general assembly for the consent of the colony to such an arrange- 
ment, whereby " we may be made a District Society for setting up 
and carrying on and supporting the Public worship of God among 
ourselves, with such Liberties, powers and privileges as other such 
societies have and by law enjoy." The assembly granted the prayer 
and in 1725 was organized the " Aleriden Ecclesiastical Society." 

For the next two years the society had worship in the winter only, 
the meetmgs being held in private houses. A purpose to build a 
meeting house produced considerable contention as to the site, each 
thickly settled section of the district claiming the location. Even 
after it was decided to build on the west slope of the elevation, which 
became known as Meeting House hill, there was no hearty acquies- 
cence and some of the dissenters actually hauled away, at night, some 
of the timbers intended for the house, to a new site on another hill 
in that locality. "Of course such a step excited no small stir. The 
other party assembled amidst great excitement, and loud and bitter 
was the controversy. A town meeting was called and the very men 
and teams who had toiled all night to carry the timbers westward 
were compelled to haul them back to the old site, in broad daylight, 
amid the taunts and jeers of the assembled people."* In the light of 
subsequent events and, judging the two localities as we look upon 
them to-day, it would have been better to have selected the site the 
discontented ones preferred. The site first selected and upon which 
the meeting house was built, had no particular claims except a possible 
closer proximity to those who decided in its favor. 

The house built upon the spot first selected was of the plainest 
style and was probably ready for occupancy in the fall of 1728. It was 
only 30 feet square, but was large enough to accommodate the district 
many years, in which it was kept in proper repair. In December, 

*Diieti)r Davis, p. -'12. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. fi45 

1728, the Reverend Theophilus Hall began to preach in this house, 
and here, October 9th, 1729, it was resolved to form a church. After 
a day of fasting and prayer, on October 22d, 1729, was organized, of 
the following persons, the First Congregational Church of Meriden: 
John Merriam. Jr., and wife, Nathaniel Merriam and wife, Robert 
Royce, Samuel Royceand wife, Thomas Yale and wife, John Merriam, 
Bartholomew Foster, Robert Collins, David Levit, Ezekiel Royce and 
wife, Abel Royce and wife, Benjamin Royce and wife, Joseph Mer- 
riam, Dan. Balding and wife, Amos Camp and wife, Benj. Whiting 
and wife, Mrs. John Ives, Mrs. Benj. Curtis, John Hecock and wife, 
John Cole, Mrs. William Hough, Mrs. John Yale, Mrs. Joseph Cole, 
Mrs. Nathaniel Royce, Mrs. David Rich, Mrs. Daniel Harris, Mrs. S. 
Andrews, Mrs. Tim. Jerom, Mrs. J. Robinson, Mrs. W. Merriam, Mrs. 
Jas. Royce. Widow Royce, Samuel Ives and wife, Ebenezer Prindle 
and wife, Mary Hough, Eunice Cole, John Way and wife. 

On the 14th of December, 1729, Samuel Royce was elected the first 
deacon of the church, and on the 29th of the same month an additional 
deacon was chosen in the person of Robert Royce. On the same day 
Reverend Theophilus Hall was ordained the pastor, and served the 
church until his death, March 25th, 1767, in the 60th year of his age. 
He was born in Wallingford and graduated at Yale in 1727, when he 
was but 20 years of age, and all his manhood years were devoted to 
the ministry of this church, whose welfare was ever uppermost in his 
thoughts. He was, moreover, "a man of strong intellectual powers, 
much esteemed as a preacher, of great firmness and stability, and a 
zealous advocate of civil and religious liberty."* During his pastorate 
250 persons were added to the church. 

Mr. Hall lived near where is now Curtis street, in the southern 
part of the city, but owned a hundred acre farm north, which is now 
the central part of the city. On this he built a house for one of his 
sons, which later became the building known as the "Central Hotel," 
corner Broad and Main streets. His eldest son, Avery, became a min- 
ister, and was the pastor of a church at Rochester, N. Y. 

The building of a new meeting house was agitated as early as 1750, 
and Mr. Hall offered to give a lot for the same on his farm, about a 
mile northwest of the old site. This place was so strongly opposed 
that, in April, 1752, Ezekiel Royce and Daniel Hough petitioned the 
assembly against its selection. They claimed that it was too far north 
to be taken as the center of population, and that another place, south 
of the spot, on Mr. Hall's farm, selected by the committee, could be 
reached by the people with far less travel. The assembly sustained 
the selection of the committee, and on the lot designated by it the 
new meeting house was erected in 1755. It was a plain frame build- 
iiig, 50 by 60 feet, with interior arrangements after the manner of so- 
called two-story meeting houses of that period. In 1803 a steeple and 

* Reverend James Dana. 
34 



546 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

bell were added. With some further improvements and repairs the 
meeting house was used until ] 831, when the present edifice, on the 
southwest corner of Broad and Main streets, was erected, at a cost of 
$7,000. The original building has been much improved and better 
adapted to the wants of the congregation occupying it. 

A historical event connected with this old Center church was the 
riot which took place there in the fall of 1837, in consequence of an 
anti-slavery meeting held in it by a Mr. Ludlow, an abolition lecturer, 
who visited Meriden at the request of Levi Yale, Julius Pratt, Fenner 
Bush, E. A. Cowles and a few other influential men. The announce- 
ment of the meeting by Mr. Granger, the minister in charge, had the 
effect of arousing much opposition, which culminated in acts of vio- 
lence on the evening the meeting was held. The door of the meeting 
house being barricaded by those inside, it was battered down by using 
a long .stick of wood, and those inside were treated to the indignity 
of a shower of rotten eggs and other offensive missiles. Others, on 
leaving the building, were violently treated by the excited opposition 
outside, and several personal encounters took place. The affair was 
made the matter for several trials in the courts^ which resulted in im- 
posing severe penalties upon those most active in fomenting the strife. 
The action of Mr. Granger in admitting such a meeting was criticised, 
but was finally approved by the society and the Consociation to which 
the church belonged. The sentiment of the church against .slavery 
developed from year to year, until April 15th, 1846, when a strong 
position against it was taken in a resolution which declared it sinful 
and admitting of no justification in the sight of God. 

After the decea.se of the first pastor, and when it was purposed to 
install his successor, John Hubbard, on a call extended him October 
5th, 1767, there arose a disagreement in regard to the matter which 
seriously affected the welfare of the church. Both the manner in 
which he was called and the orthodoxy of Mr. Hubbard were subjects 
of controversy, prolonged in their discussion several years, and which 
arrayed the church into warring factions. Before the matter was set- 
tled the ecclesiastical and civil authorities were involved, and the 
subject lost its local significance; and when Mr. Hubbard was finally 
ordained, June 22d, 1769, .several of the ministers of the state refused 
to participate in the ceremonies. In consequence of the triumph 
of the adherents of Mr. Hubbard, about a dozen families of the 
society seceded and set up separate worship in a house one mile north- 
east of the meeting house. In the course of a few years most of them 
were persuaded by Mr. Hubbard's amiable disposition and concilia- 
tory conduct to return to the folds of the old church, where they sat 
many years under his ministrations. Mr. Hubbard was a pastor of 
more than usual ability, whose opinions were perhaps a little in ad- 
vance of his time, but who.se piety and virtue none could question. 
He died in the .service of the church, November 18th, 1786. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 547 

Before the death of Mr. Hubbard, John Willard was settled as 
colleague pastor, in June, 1786, and his pastorate was also characterized 
by disputes arising out of his beliefs in regard to some controverted 
doctrinal points. The opposition to him was manifested mainly in 
indifference to attendance upon the public worship held by him, which 
caused a great decline of interest before his pastoral relation was 
severed in 1802. 

The ministry of Reverend Erastus Ripley, which began in 1803 
and continued 19 years, was not wholly fruitless, but the church was 
much weakened by great numbers leaving to join other denomina- 
tions on account of dissatisfaction with his preaching, which was 
learned but so destitute of animation that it was uninteresting. Under 
the preaching of Reverend Charles Rich, in 1840, about one hundred 
persons were added to the church, and the reviving work thus begun 
was continued during the ministry of Reverend George W. Perkins, 
beginning May 19th, 1841. In 1847-8, especially, was there a power- 
ful work of grace, at the end of which season the membership of the 
church was about 400. 

Mr. Perkins was a minister of unusual energy and ability, perform- 
ing much work not connected with his charge. In 1854 he was dis- 
missed from the church at Meriden and moved to Chicago, where he 
was pastor of a chtirch, editor of a newspaper and also established a 
theological seminary. He died in that city November 13th, 1856, but 
his remains were brought to Meriden and lie in the cemetery on 
Hanover street. 

The revived interest in the work of the church, together with the 
fact that the village of West Meriden was so rapidly growing and had 
no place of worship, caused the society to consider the propriety of 
building a new meeting house in that locality, and sell the meeting 
liouse at the Center, where were two other houses of worship. Accord- 
ingly September 19th, 1846, it was voted to build a commodious house 
on the land of James S. Brooks, who subscribed $1,000 toward the 
project. The following year a frame edifice, 56 by 90 feet, in the 
Grecian order of architecture, was erected at a cost of $8,000. The 
building had a spire 196 feet high and was considered very attractive, 
both as to its exterior and interior arrangements. It was dedicated 
January 27th, 1848, and was last used for religious meetings March 
30th, 1879, when it was occupied for memorial services, preparatory 
to the occupancy of the new edifice, farther north on Colony street. 
Subsequently the old church building was moved farther back, on the 
same lot, where it was transformed into the present opera house. On 
the old site the fine Wilcox Block was erected by Horace C. Wilcox, 
the purchaser of the frame meeting house. In 1848 a parsonage was 
also erected at a cost of $3,000. 

When the Colony street meeting house was occupied, in January, 
1848, a separation of the society took place. The pastor, Reverend G. 



548 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

W. Perkins, and 297 members went to the new house as the First Con- 
gregational church; the officers and 100 members remained in the old 
building as the Meriden Center church. On the 8d of March, 1848, a 
division of the property was made, each society taking equal parts of 
the common furniture and the Sabbath school library of the original 
society. The Center society also paid the Colony street society $1,000 
for its interest in the Broad street meeting house; and thus these two 
bodies, parts of the original society, the one retaining the name and 
the records, the other the old meeting house and the ordained officers, 
each entered upon a distinct career, but both glorying in their com- 
mon origin and indivisible history, until the time this demand for 
separate effort was brought upon them. 

In the First church the election of new officers was rendered 
necessary and, in March, 1848, Benjamin H. Catlin, Homer Curtiss, 
David N. Camp and John Yale were ordained as deacons. The 
wisdom of the removal to West Meriden was soon made apparent in 
the increased membership. In the course of three months many per- 
sons joined the church, so that the rolls, in May, 1848, bore the names 
of 352 persons. The work of the church progressed thereafter, under 
the several pastors, with varying interest, but generally with increased 
effect, so that the congregation outgrew the capacity of the frame 
meeting house. A larger edifice of modern architecture was demanded 
and was erected during the pastorate of Reverend Alfred H. Hall. 

On the ir)th of October, 1874, the .society voted to erect a new 
church and appointed a committee of twelve to carry out its wishes. 
Eli Butler was appointed chairman, and Horace C. Wilcox, Doctor G. 
H. Wilson and William A. Read were chosen as the executive com- 
mittee. The plans for the building were prepared by Cutting & Hol- 
man, of Worcester, Ma.ss. Ground for the foundation was broken 
July 1st, 1875, on the site of the old parsonage, and the corner stone 
was laid June 8th, 1876. The architecture of the church is Medieval 
Gothic and the material of the outer walls is Westerly granite, of 
which 2,200 tons were used. A tower, 24 by 24 feet, relieves the front 
and when completed will be 190 feet high. The in.side columns are 
from the Stony Creek quarries. The capitals on the same are of 
Berea, Ohio, sandstone, the carvings being .symbolical and from orig- 
inal designs by Doctor G. H. Wilson, in which the best phases of 
natural and revealed life are harmoniously exhibited. 

The building is divided into the audience room proper, 84 by 116 
feet, which, with the galleries, seats 1,;30() people; and the chapel and 
its accessories, such as library, reception and committee rooms, parlors, 
etc. The interior of the building is finished in hard woods and hand- 
somely furnished, including a large organ of Western oak, in East- 
lake design. The best effects of church embellishment have been 
employed, and at the time of its completion the edifice was regarded 
the finest in the state. The entire cost was nearly §157,000, much of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 549 

which was contributed in amounts ranging from $5,000 to $30,000. 
The new edifice was dedicated April 2d, 1879, by Doctor Leonard 
Bacon, assisted by many ministers of neighboring churches. 

Since the occupancy of the new church building the membership 
has steadily increased, the number belonging in 1889 being 564. Con- 
nected with the church are many valuable auxiliaries, the chief one 
being the Sabbath school, of which Erastus Hubbard is the superin- 
tendent, and which had 563 members in 1889. A Sabbath school was 
organized in 1818, with 130 scholars, but until 1830 its meetings were 
held in warm weather only. Since the latter date all year meetings 
have been held. In 1824 a pastor's Bible class was formed, which was 
well attended. Six of the original members became ministers. Adult 
classes have been taught since 1832. The Center Sunday school has 
250 members, and William G. Hooker is the superintendent. 

The pastors of the First church from the time of its organization, 
in 1729, to the present time, have been as follows: Reverends The- 
ophilus Hall, settled December 29th, 1729, died March 25th, 1767; John 
Hubbard, settled June 22d, 1769, died November 18th, 1786; John 
Willard, settled 1786, dismissed 1802; Erastus Ripley, settled 1803, dis- 
missed 1822; Charles J. Hinsdale, settled 1823, dismissed 1833; Arthur 
Granger, settled 1836, dismissed 1838; George W. Perkins, settled 1841, 
dismissed 1854; George Thatcher, settled 1854. dismissed 1860; Hiram 
C. Hayden, settled 1862, dismissed 1866; W. H. H. Murray, settled 1866, 
dismissed 1868; W. L. Gaylord, settled 1870, dismissed 1875; A. H. 
Hall, settled 1875, dismissed 1879; Thomas M. Miles, settled 1879, dis- 
missed 1881; Lewellyn Pratt, .settled 1882, dismissed 1883; Charles H. 
Everest, settled 1884, dismissed 1885; C. H.Williams, settled 1886, dis- 
missed 1889; Asher Anderson, settled 1889. 

The Reverend William McLean supplied the church one year, 
1834-5; and in the fall of 1840 to 1841 the pulpit was supplied by the 
Reverend Charles Rich, who declined a settlement. Other ministers 
have supplied the pulpit for short periods. 

The deacons of the church since its organization have been: Sam- 
uel Royce, Robert Royce, Benjamin Whiting, Benjamin Royce, Eze- 
kiel Royce, Ebenezer Cowles, John Hough, Isaac Hubbard, Samuel 
Royce, Nathaniel Yale, Zenas Mitchell, Silas Royce, Walter Booth, 
Phineas Hough, Nathaniel C. Sanford, Benjamin H. Catlin, Homer 
Curtiss, David N. Camp, John Yale, Edward C. Allen, Arthur L. Fiske, 
and the present board of deacons: William H. Catlin, Homer A. Cur- 
tiss, Erastus Hubbard, Nathan Olds, Robert P. Rand, Robert T.Spen- 
cer, Henry W. Seips and Henry S. Wilcox. 

James C. Twichell is the clerk of the church, and Benjamin H. 
Catlin the treasurer. Walter H. Squire is the clerk of the society, and 
its committeemen are: N. L. Bradley, Eli I. Merriman and Henry S. 
Wilcox. 

When the Center Church began its separate existence, in January, 



ilSO HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

1848, the deacons in service were Walter Booth, Silas Royce, Phineas 
Hough and Nathaniel C. Sanford. On the 15th of March, the same 
year, Reverend Asahel A. Stevens was installed as the first pastor, 
tinder this arrangement, and served the congregation until December 
11th, 1854, when he was obliged to leave on account of the failure of 
his voice. Prior to his going, Reverend A. S. Cheesbrough was called 
as a supply, and so continued until November, 1855. Reverend Lewis 
C. Lockwood was installed June 3d, 18.57, and dismissed February 22d, 
1858. From June, 1858, until June, 1862, Reverend O. H. White sup- 
plied the pulpit. Reverend Joseph Woolley was installed the pastor 
of the church October 22d, 1862. Reverend Edward Hungerford 
served the church next, his pastorate being very successful. After 
the dismissal of Reverend Edward Hungerford, in October, 1879, the 
pulpit was supplied until March l.st, 1880, when Reverend Alfred H. 
Hall was installed pastor, and under his faithful ministrations the 
church had, in 1889, 265 members. 

The following have been raised up as Congregational ministers in 
Meriden: Jeremiah Root Barnes, Daniel Collins Curtis, Erastus Curtis, 
Lemuel Ives Curtis, Joseph Edwards, Isaac Foster, Lawrence M. Fos- 
ter, Avery Hall, Thomas Holt, Lyman C. Hough, Jesse Ives, Henry 
Norton Johnson, Matthew ^lerriman, Charles Edward Murdock, 
Charles Loveland Merriman and Ralph Tyler. 

St. Andrew's Church (Protestant Episcopal) was organized in 1789. 
In a historical discourse delivered by Reverend Doctor Deshon, he 
stated that in all probability several churchmen lived in this locality 
as early as 1729. They '• were in the habit of meeting together for 
worship in accordance with the usages of the Prayer Book, and whose 
faith was sustained by lay services among themselves, and the occa- 
sional visits of clergymen." It is probable, too, that when the "Union 
Parish" was formed in Wallingford, in 1741, and a rude house was 
built for worship, that some from Meriden attended. In 1770 a mis- 
sionary of the church reported that there were in the district of Meri- 
den six families of Episcopalians, having fourteen communicants. 
Most of them, no doubt, bore the name of Andrews, the father of the 
family and his eight sons being staunch churchmen. The youngest 
son, .Samuel, was educated for the ministry in England, and being or- 
dained in 1761, became the first rector of the church in Wallingford, 
the pari.sh at that time including Meriden. 

Another son, Moses, was a small farmer in the western part of the 
town. This Moses Andrews and others of that family and of the 
Episcopal church became objects of suspicion to the patriot authori- 
ties, in the troublous times of the revolution, and he w.is forbidden to 
leave his farm on any pretense whatever, without permission of the 
selectmen of Wallingford. Denied the liberty of attending Episcopal 
worship, he fitted up a room in his house, in which the services of the 
church were held, Mr. Andrews himself acting as lay reader. Thus for 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 551 

a period of years a dozen or more persons were wont to assemble each 
Sunday, and these, properly, were the first regular Episcopal meetings 
in Meriden. It is said that occasionally Congregational neighbors at- 
tended these humble services, and that some of them were so much im- 
pressed with the order and devotion which prevailed, that they accepted 
the teachings of the church. Among the.se were Joseph Merriam and 
his wife, IMind well, who were afterward leading Episcopalians, the hus- 
band being senior warden many years; the wife, whose life rounded 
out a full century of years, being a faithful attendant upon the public 
service of the church even unto the 95th year of her age. 

After the revolution more toleration prevailed, and the purpose of 
forming a church was discussed with so much favor that a preliminary 
meeting was held, at which the following agreement was signed : 
"Meriden, April 13, 1789. — We, whose names are underwritten, do 
declare our conformity to the Church of England, and desire of join- 
ing the worship and sacraments of said church, do consent and agree 
to support the same. Reuben Ives, Clerk; Denison Andrews, Mo.ses 
Andrews, Isaac Atwater, David Andrews, Simon Perkins, John B. 
Douglass, Ezra Butler, Watts Hubbard, Seth DeWolf, vSoloman'Yale." 

This purpose was commended by the proper authorities, and the 
organization of the present parish of St. Andrew's followed, as will be 
seen from this simple record: 

" Meriden, Dec. 28, A. D. 1789. 

" At a meeting of the adherents of the Episcopal church, voted 
that we will be a society; also voted that Moses Andrews be the clerk, 
Denison Andrews and Isaac Atwater, committee. 

" Test: Reuben Ives, Missionary. 

" The pari.sh was immediately placed under the charge of the Rev. 
Mr. Ives of Cheshire, in accordance with the following votes: 

" Voted, That we will hire Mr. Ives to preach four days for this 
year. 

" Voted, To keep up meetings for this year." 

The parish had the missionary labors of Mr. Ives, in the above 
manner, except that some years he came six times, until Easter, 1824, 
the lay services being also continued meantime, Moses Andrews and 
others being the readers. In 1803, Reverend Virgil H. Barber 
preached on six Sundays, coming from Wallingford. 

In 1825, Reverend Ashbel Baldwin became the first resident clergy- 
man of the parish, who.?e interests now demanded a rector. Since 
that time the church has had a recognized place among the reli^ous 
bodies of the town, its .services being conducted by ordained clergy- 
men. 

The building of a church was considered as early as 1792, when 
Isaac Atwater, Seth Wolf and Simeon Perkins were appointed a com- 
mittee to erect one, but did not succeed. In 1795 the project was re- 
newed, and it was decided to build on the southeast corner of the 



552 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

green, if the site could be obtained. Three years later it was consid- 
ered to build on the land of Joseph Merriam, near the present railway 
station on West Main street. Later in the .same year the sice on Broad 
street, south of the Congregational meeting house, was selected and 
the frame of the church raised. Plans of various natures to complete 
the house were entertained, among them being an application to the 
assembly for a lottery privilege to raise funds, and to enlist the co- 
operation of Baptists and Presbyterians, by giving them the use of the 
church when not occupied by the Episcopalians, neither plan being 
adopted. After ten years' effort and denial the church was com- 
pleted and consecrated October 18th, 1816, by Bishop John Henry 
Hobart, of New York, as St. Andrew's Church. At the same time he 
confirmed 38 persons. 

It was a plain and modest building, 4.5 by 36 feet, with nothing ex- 
ternally to distinguish it but the round-headed windows over the gal- 
lery. The interior of the church was neatly arranged, according to 
the fashion of the times. A gallery ran around three sides of the 
building. A huge pulpit stood at the west end, surmounted by a 
canopy, flanked on either side by a lofty flight of steps, and cushioned 
and festooned most lavishly with crimson damask. In front of the 
pulpit was a formidable structure which served for a reading desk. 
In front of the reading desk was a small communion table, enclosed 
by a semi-circular rail. The space under the stairs in the lower part 
of the church, by the side of the door, was used for a vestry room. 

After more than thirty years' use a church of finer appearance was 
built, and the old house served as a place of worship for the Catholics, 
being later converted into a dwelling. Its successor was a fine Gothic 
chapel, of brownstone, 45 by 80 feet, erected at a cost of $15,000. Its 
corner stone was laid June 8th, 1848, and the church was con.secrated 
by Bishop Brownell, February Gth, 18.-)0. Before many years the 
parish had outgrown this building, and as population had shifted to 
the western part of the town, it was decided to erect a new edifice at 
some intermediate point, between West Meriden and the old site. 
For this purpose a fine lot, near the town hall, was purchased, upon 
which was reared the present St. Andrew's church, the material in 
the second edifice, which was taken down, being used in its con- 
struction. 

The corner stone of the present St. Andrew's church was laid 
August 8th, 1866, by Bishop John Williams, the ceremonies connected 
therewith being impressive and largely attended. This beautiful 
house of worship was completed for dedication November 7th, 1867. 
The original cost was about $40,000, but subseqiient repairs and ad- 
ditions have greatly added to its cost and beauty. The latest improve- 
ment was made in the fall of 1889, and in the December following the 
church was reopened for divine worship. There are 675 sittings. In 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 553 

1889 a parish house was also completed, at a cost of $16,000, which 
was dedicated by the bishop of the diocese on St. Andrew's day. 

In 1825, when the parish had its first settled rector, there were 
within its limits 65 families and 70 communicants. On the accession 
of Doctor Giles H. Deshon, in 1850, the families numbered 95, having 
117 communicants. His pastorate, extending to the time of his death, 
January 1st, 1883, was the most important in the history of the church, 
and the first one continued long enough for the rector to demonstrate 
his usefulness to the parish. His labors were abundantly blessed, and 
in the last year of his ministry there were 300 families and 375 com- 
municants. The parish monies raised amounted to $9,579.54, and the 
Sunday school had nearly 4<X) attendants. 

It is pleasing to record the continued growth of the parish under 
the successor of Doctor Deshon — the Reverend A. T. Randall — who 
became the a.ssistant minister in June, 1880, and the rector on Easter, 
1885. The statistics for 1889 show 525 families in the parish, the whole 
number of individuals being 2,100. In the Sunday school were 39 
teachers and 563 scholars. The monies raised for parish purposes 
amounted to $11,212.77. 

The rectors of the parish since the ministry of Reverend Reuben 
Ives, in 1824, have been the following: 1824, Ashbel Baldwin; 1826, 
Nathaniel Bruce: 1828, James Keeler; 1832, Robert A. Hallam; 1835, 
Edward Ingensoll; 1837, John M. Guion; 1839, Melancthon Hoyt; 1840, 
Sabura S. Stocking; 1841, Charles W. Everest; 1843, John T. Gushing; 
1844, Cyrus Munson; 1849, Abram N. Littlejohn; 1850, Giles H. Deshon; 
1885, A. T. Randall. 

Since 1871 the church has had the services of assistant ministers as 
follows: Frank B. Lewis, Chauncey B. Brewster, Alexander J. Miller, 
John H. White, Fred. W. Harriman, E. W. Babcock, A. T. 'Randall, 
T. D. Martin, Jr., F. H. Church, S. H. Watkins and G. W. Griffith. 

List of wardens from 1791: 1791, Joseph Merriam, Denison An- 
drews; 1792, Joseph Merriam, Seth D. Wolf; 1793, Levi Douglas, 
vSimeon Perkins; 1794, Joseph Merriam, Levi Douglass; 1796, Levi 
Douglass, Simeon Perkins; 1797, Joseph Merriam, Simeon Perkins; 
1805, Joseph Merriam, Moses Andrews; 1806, Joseph MeiTiam, 
Lemuel Bradley; 1807, Joseph Merriam, Yale I. Hough; 1808, Samuel 
Tibbals, Dan. Andrews; 1809, Samuel Tibbals, Asahel Merriam; 
1810, Samuel Tibbals, Moses Cowles; 1812, Samuel Tibbals, Dan. 
Andrews; 1813, Samuel Tibbals, Ama.sa Merriam; 1814, Samuel 
Tibbals, Marvel Andrews; 1816, Samuel Tibbals, Asahel Merriam; 
1823, vSamuel Tibbals, Elisha Curtis; 1831, Elisha Curtis, Asahel Mer- 
riam; 1848, Edwin E. Curtis, Bryant Hotchkiss; 1863, Edwin E.Curtis, 
Asa H. Churchill; 1869, Edwin E. Curtis (till April, 1885), Lemuel J. 
Curtis; 1886, Lemuel J. Curtis, George R. Curtis; 1888, George R. Cur- 
tis, Benjamin Page. George M. Curtis is the parish clerk. 

The First Baptist Church of Meriden had a history co-ordinate with 



.554 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

that of the Baptists in Wallingford for many years. Organized in the 
old town of Wallingford the church, by the formation of the town of 
Meriden, in 1806, found most of its interests within the latter town, 
and thereupon took its present name. The principal events up to this 
time were, briefly, the meeting together, August 28d, 1786, of seven 
males and five females, and the avowal of a solemn purpose to form 
the First Baptist Chiirch of Christ in Wallingford; the public recog- 
nition of this church, October 7th, 1786, as the third Baptist organiza- 
tion in the colony, Groton and Southington preceding it in the order 
of time; the slow progress of the church, the meetings being held in 
private houses 15 years, when, in 1801, a small house was specially 
fitted up for worship; the faithful adherence to the cause they had 
espoused, with no minister to preach the Word to them, except for 
brief periods, until the beginning of the church in Meriden proper. 
With the exception of 1789, when Reverend Daniel Wildman was the 
pastor, and 1791, when Reverend Nathaniel Norton preached one 
year, the meetings were in charge of "leading brethren," the first one 
so serving the church being Isaac Hall, who was elected November 3d, 
1786. At the same time Ephraim Hough was chosen the first deacon 
and Joel Ives the church clerk. Later "leading brethren" were 
Deacons Hough and Higbv, Joel Ives, Samuel Miller and Nathaniel 
Yale. 

Samuel Miller having well improved his gifts, a number of years 
in the above capacity was, May 2()th, 1806, ordained to the ministry, 
and entered upon pastoral relations to the church, being the first 
minister of the Meriden church proper. His service extended through 
23 years, until his death in 1829, covering a most critical period in 
the history of the church, in which for several years it barely main- 
tained an existence. 

When Meriden became a town, the effect was to naturally make 
the village the center of those interests which engaged the attention 
of the people at that time, and thither tended population. The humble 
Baptist meeting house, derisively called the " Temple," on account 
of its simple appearance, stood three miles distant, near the south- 
eastern line of the town. Besides being remote from the center, it 
served its purpose poorly in other ways, and after some delay, it was 
determined, in 1815, to abandon it and to erect a new meeting house 
at Meriden Center. A plain structure was begun, on a lot on the east 
side of Broad street, near where is now the Baptist parsonage. The 
interior was not finished and the few members engaged in this 
work found it a difficult undertaking, since they could get no assist- 
ance from the people of the village, where were already Congrega- 
tional and Episcopalian meeting houses. To some extent Methodists 
in town aided in building the meeting hou.se and, by vote of the Bap- 
tist Society in December, J817, they were privileged to u.se the build- 
ing when not otherwise engaged. It was not wholly completed until 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 555 

the fall of 1824, when it was repaired and painted. The church hav- 
ing been greatly weakened by the withdrawal of so many members 
to form the church at Wallingford, May 1.5th, 1817, was probably now 
for the first time able to put its place of worship in an inviting condi- 
tion. In 1827 a sale was held for the purpose of renting the pews. 

In the fall of 1829 the church was blessed by the most extensive 
revival in its history to that time, which was the means of adding 
many members. The place of worship became too small to accom- 
modate the hearers. In June, 1830, it was decided to move the meet- 
ing house to the west side of the street, add to its length, build a spire 
to the hou.se, and to place a basement under it, for use as a vestry. 

In this room secular meetings were also held, the town in 1846 
holding its meetings there "at a rent of $40 and extra charge for 
damage that may be done." 

Another season of revival interest caused the house to become too 
small, and as the Congregational meeting house was reported for sale 
the Baptist society made an un.successful attempt in 1846 to purchase 
it. But with a view of having a more central location, a lot adjoining 
the Congregational one was bought, on which to erect a new Baptist 
meeting house. Strange as it may seem the Congregationalists pro- 
tested against this purpose and secured an injunction to prevent the 
building, alleging " that they had no objection to the Baptists as a 
Christian people, as good neighbors and worthy citizens; but that 
their pastor (Harvey Miller) had a peculiarly sharp ringing voice, so 
that beyond a question he would disturb their society in worship." 
The injunction was dissolved because being against the society, when, 
if complaint were made, it should have been taken against Mr. Miller. 

The meeting house on that lot was built in 1847 and occupied the 
following April. It was originally 58 by 70 feet and cost complete 
$9,500. The building committee were Joel Miller, Charles Blanchard, 
O. Crocker, N. F. Goodrich, L. Tuttle, S. I. Hart and Alanson Birdsey, 
who were empowered by the society " to use their own judgment in 
regard to the steeple and the singers' seats." * In 1869 an addition to 
the meeting house was made on its west end in order to accommodate 
an organ presented by Edward Miller, who has been much interested 
in the music of the church, following, as a leader of the singing, his 
father, Joel Miller, who had served many years in that capacity. The 
church building has been improved in more recent years and in 1889 
was commodious, having 700 sittings and in every way inviting. It 
was valued at $15,000 and the parsonage at $5,000. 

On the 7th of October, 1886, the first centennial of the church was 
properly observed, the attendant services being interesting, impres- 
sive and largely attended. Edward Miller served as chairman of the 

*The old church was sold to several men in the village, who converted it to 
secular uses, private schools being also kept in it, and, after 1848, it was known 
as the " Academy on the Hill." 



550 HISTORY Of NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

executive committee, and an account of the proceedings was pub- 
lished under the direction of the pastor, Reverend J. V. Garton, Eli 
C. Birdsey and William A. Kelsey. At this meeting it was reported 
that the church had 468 members, which number has since been in- 
creased. This indicates the vigor of the church, from whose fold had 
gone many members to form the Main street and the German churches. 
Missionary efforts under the direction of the church have also been 
successfully carried on. In 1861 the " Olive Branch Mission " was 
established, at East Meriden, and placed in charge of Deacon R. B. 
Perkins. A new building for its use was completed, in 1886, and the 
Sunday school therein, conducted by him, has 76 members. 

The first Sunday school in Meriden* was organized in the First 
Baptist church, about 1825, by Deacon Ambrose Hough, and has had 
a continuous existence. For more than fifty years Ezra Rutty was 
the treasurer of the school. In 1889, D. S. Root was the superintend- 
ent, and the school had 350 members. 

It is a singular coincidence that two of the pastors of the church, 
whose labors were crowned with many conversions, should die in its 
service, even at the close of the precious harvests garnered through 
their instrumentality. The one was the first pastor, Samuel Miller; 
the other, Harvey Miller, aLso a native of the town, who was the pas- 
tor 18 years, and deceased August 27th, 1856, aged 42 years. His suc- 
cessor, D. Henry Miller, the minister from April, 1857, until Septem- 
ber, 1862, when he became chaplain of the 15th Connecticut Regiment, 
was also the instrument in adding many members. 

Since the organization of the church its pastors, the years when 
thev were settled and the length of their service, have been as fol- 
lows: Reverends Daniel Wildman, 1789, one year; Nathaniel Norton, 
1791, one year; Samuel Miller, 1806, twenty-three years; Russell Jen- 
nings, 1830, two years; Nathaniel Hervey, 1833, one year; George B. 
Atwell, 1835, two years; Leland Howard, 1837, one year; Harvey Miller, 
1838, eighteen years; D. Henry Miller, 1857, five years; A. Frank 
Mason, 1863, one year; Henry A. Cordo, 1864, two years; Almond Bar- 
relle, 1868, three years; Henry A. Cordo, 1871, one year; Benjamin O. 
True, 1873, six years; J. V. Garton, 1880, and continues. 

In addition to the foregoing there have also been supplies, among 
the number being the Reverend S. Wheat, Elders Higby, Parsons, 
Graves, Beach, William Bentley, Otis Saxton and others. 

The deacons of the church and the years they were chosen were 
the following: Ephraim Hough, 1788; Charles Ives, 1789; Jesse Dicker- 
man, 1789; Jeduthan Higby, 1792; John Hall, 1800; Ambrose Hough, 
1802; Sedgwick Rice, 1814; Asa Butler, 1814; Othniel Ives, 1816; Ran- 
som Ives, 1816; John Hall, reelected, 1830; Gershom Bird.sey, 1830; 
Augustus Hall, 1830; Nathan F. Goodrich, 1830; Samuel I. Hart, 1851; 
*This honor is also claimed by the Fir.st Congregational church. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 657 

*Horace H. Pratt, 1851; Lyman Clark, 1853; *Russell B. Perkins, 1853; 
Alanson Birdsey, 1860; Orsamus Crocker, 1865; William D. Cutler, 
1866; *George O. Downing, 1871; Daniel H. Hart, 1871; Waldo C. 
Twiss, 1883; *Seth J. Hall, 1883; *William H. Paine, 1886. 

The Main Street Baptist Church was organized June 4th, 1861, and 
was first known as the West Meriden Baptist Church. The present 
name became fixed by act of incorporation. May 30th, 1886. Thirty- 
seven persons constituted the original membership, some of whom 
had been dismissed from the First Meriden church to form this body. 
Among those active in this movement were members of the Clark, 
Page, Breckenridge, Gay, Root and Watrous families. Lyman Clark 
was the first deacon, but a few weeks later Phineas A. Spencer (who 
had joined the new church after its organization) was also elected a 
deacon. Charles Page was the first clerk. 

On the lot purchased for church purposes, on East Main street, near 
where is now the central part of the city, a brick chapel was erected 
at a cost of $1,700. This was used as a place of worship until the 
church edifice adjoining was dedicated, in 1868. The spire of this 
church was built a few years later. The structure is attractive and 
commodious, being in the Gothic style, 82 feet long, and with the 
transepts on each side, having an entire width of nearly 100 feet. 
The material is brick, trimmed with brownstone. In the latter part 
of 1883 it was thoroughly renovated and improved, at an outlay of 
$10,000, and was again opened January 4th, 1884. A parsonage, on 
the same lot, adds to the value of the property, which is worth 
$50,000. 

The membership of the church numbers about 400, and various 
societies for the dissemination of the church work are well supported. 
Under the auspices of the Young Men's Home Mission Union, the 
West Chapel Mission was established in 1883, and is maintained chiefly 
by this church. Mission services are held, and a Sunday school, of 
which Deacon P. A. Spencer is the superintendent, has more than a 
hundred children in attendance. The Sunday school of the Main 
street church has about 260 members. A. H. Gardner is the superin- 
tendent. 

The church has had many pastoral changes and numerous other 
officers, as are indicated in the appended lists. Pastors: E. M. Jerome, 
May 11, 1861— May 13, 1866; H. G. Mason, October 15, 1866— August 
30, 1870; O. T. Walker, September 11, 1870— November 1, 1873; A. M. 
Worcester, June 13, 1875— June,17, 1877; C. E. Cordo, October 8, 1877 
—January 20, 1881; J. G. Noble, supply, January 1, 1882— June 1, 
1882; J. G. Noble, pastor, June 1, 1882— July 1, 1884; L R. Wheelock, 
April 12, 1885— f. Deacons: Lyman Clark, June 4, 1861— August 
30, 1877; P. A. Spencer, July 12, 1861— f, G. A. Gladwin, October 28, 
1868— August 30, 1877; S. C. Paddock, October 28, 1868— September 
* Present deacons, t Serving in 1880. 



558 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

12, 1877; R. M. Breckenridge, August 30, 1877— September 11, 1884; J. 
L. Richmond, August 30, 1877— •■•■; Horace Yale, September 12,1877 — 
September 12, 1878; G. A. Gladwin, September 12, 1878— *; W. A. 
Breckenridge, September 11, 1884— .•••• Clerks: Charles Page, June 4, 
1861— April 7, 1863; George E. Baldwin, April 7, 1863— January 4, 1866; 
R. M. Breckenridge, January 4, 1866—*. 

The German Baptist Church of Meriden was formed June 19th, 
1873, of 19 members. Many additional members were received, and 
three years later 68 members were reported. A separate meeting 
hou.se, centrally located, had also been secured, in which the church 
has since worshipped. The pastors of this church have been: Rever- 
ends J. H. Moehlman, until 1885; J. A. Weimer, 1887-8; and, in 1889, 
Henry Bens was called to the pastorate. The church had 82 resident 
members in 1889. Charles Nold is clerk of the society. 

A mis.sionary effort of the Baptist.s among the Swedes of the city 
promises to yield permanent results, and a churc horganization of that 
nationality is cont&mplated. vSince 1886 preaching in the Swedish 
language has been held in the Main street church and in a hall on 
Britannia street. But the members attending are now included 
among those of the Main street and First churches. 

The following account of the Methodist Epi-scopal Church of 
Meriden was prepared by Reverend J. T. Pettee, A. M. About 1830 
a very plain house of worship was built on what is now East Main 
street, on land of Captain Lyman Collins, just west of the entrance to 
the Ea.st Cemetery; here occasional meetings were held by the Metho- 
dists for .several years, when the building was sold to Horace Redfield, 
moved down to Curtis street, converted into a carpenter's shop, and 
afterward burned. No record of the " class " of those early days has 
been preserved, but I learn from our older citizens that Darling 
.Stewart, Noah Hall, Jesse G. Baldwin, Elias Baldwin, Seymour W. 
Baldwin and Charles Baldwin and their families were among the 
worshippers in this First Methodist meeting hou.se, and that Charles 
Baldwin often occupied the pulpit, and was known as " Priest 
Baldwin." 

In 1839 there was Methodist preaching in a small hall at Hanover; 
the next year in a small hall at West Meriden. About the year 1842 
the Primitive Methodists, as they were called, sent preachers to Meri- 
den, who, availing themselves of the general religious interest awak- 
ened throughout the country by the apprehension that the end of all 
things was at hand, were quite successful in their ministrations. The 
names of Collins, Raine, Miller and Somersides, in this connection, 
will be remembered with interest by all who worshipped in the 
" Tent," and the "Old Bethel." This last was the name given to a 
long .shop and storehouse, on Mr. Charles Parker's premises, which 
stoodjust north of his old office, built in conformity with the ground 

* Serving in 188!). 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 559 

which is there descending-, so that the preacher, when officiating, 
stood, as in a pit, lower than his congregation. This answered very- 
well for winter, but was rather warm for summer. To relieve this 
inconvenience a large tent was pitched during the summer months in 
what was then an open lot, between the present High and Broad 
streets. This Was cool and commodious, and afforded for the summer 
a not uncomfortable place of worship. 

In 1844. under the judicious management of Reverend John Parker, 
who had long exercised his ministry in the New England Conference, 
but had been con.strained, a few years before this, by failing health 
to settle in Meriden, the first regular Methodist .society was organized: 
and next year, as a branch of the Cheshire circuit, began to receive 
preachers from the New York Conference. In 1847 it was erected 
into an independent station, and to the present time has received its 
preachers regularly from the New York, and the New York East Con- 
fere,nces. The membership of the society when first organized was: 
Reverend John Parker and wife: Charles Parker and wife; Edmund 
Parker and wife: Hiram Bradley and wife; John Range and wife; 
William Curtis and wife; Mrs. Tryphena Parker, Miss Betsey Parker 
(now Mrs. Jerralds), Mr. and Mrs. Beach, Mr. and Mrs. Jasper Higby, 
A.saph Merriam, Mrs. Patrick Lewis, Mrs. Cook and Miss Mariette R. 
Clark, now Mrs. Reverend J. T. Pettee (Mr. Pettee himself being a 
member of the M. E. Church in Middletown). 

The preachers appointed to the Meriden station from the New 
York and New York East Conferences have been: Reverends George 
A. Hubbell, John E. Searles, Albert Nash, Parmilee Chamberlain, 
Francis Bottome, Nathaniel Meade, George C. Creevy, John L. Peck, 
William McAllister, George A. Hubbell (for the second time), Charles 
Kelsey, Charles Fletcher, Frederick Brown, Freeman P. Tower, John 
Pegg, Daniel A. Goodsell (now Bishop), William H. Boole, I. J. Lan- 
sing, B. M. Adams, J. S. Breckenridge, G. H. McGrew, M. W. Prince, 
and the present incumbent (1891), Doctor John R. Thompson, with 
Reverend George C. Boswell as assistant. 

In 1847 the church and parsonage on Broad street were built, at an 
expense of about §10, ()()(). This church was occupied by the society 
till they left it for their present house of worship on the corner of 
East Main and Pleasant streets, which, under the judicious manage- 
ment of Reverend F. P. Tower, through the munificence of Honorable 
Charles Parker, supported by the generous contributions of other 
brethren, was built in 1867, at a co.st inclusive of land and organ, of 
$85,000, and presented as a centenary offering to the Methodist Epis- 
copal church, to mark for Meriden the grand centennial of American 
Methodistn. A debt of some $27,000 rested upon it, which was raised 
in 1874 under the administration of Reverend D. A. Goodsell, so that 
when the New York East Conference sat here in the spring of 1875, 
not an unpaid for brick or slate looked down to reprove them. In 1888 



560 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the church was rejuvenated at an expense of $4,000, the accessories 
now considered essential to a church being added, so that now, in such 
conveniences, it is second to no church in the city. The present mem- 
bership of this church is 750; its Sunday school r)04. 

In 1885, 60 members received letters from this church and organ- 
ized the Trinity Methodist Episcopal church, and the next year erected 
the chapel on West Main street. While the chapel was building the 
society was accommodated in the large hall of the Y. M.C. A. building. 
Its first pastor was Reverend W. F. Markwick. It is now flourishing 
under the pastorate of Reverend D. N. Griffin. Its membership is 
233: its Sunday school 262. 

The Universalist Church was organized in 1854. Among the first 
adherents of this faith in this town were Noah Pomeroyand members 
of his family; and at his house in the eastern part of the town, a Mr. 
Brooks, of Massachusetts, preached the first Universalist sermon in 
Meriden some time in 1821. .Several dozen persons were in attend- 
ance, but it does not appear that enough interest was created to con- 
tinue the meetings. Three years later another sermon was preached 
in Mr. Pomeroy's house, this time by Reverend Nehemiah Dodge, a 
former Baptist minister of some celebrity, but who had become a 
Universalist. It aroused more interest in the doctrine, and also some 
opposition from Baptists who had attended. 

Six more years elapsed until another meeting was held. Reverend 
John Boyden coming from Berlin, April 4th, 1830, and preaching in 
the North Center school house. He also preached three times in 1833, 
his meetings being attended by about twenty persons. At this time 
the avowed Universalists of Meriden were: Noah Pomeroy, Calvin 
Coe, Daniel Yale, Darling Dayton and a few others later, among them 
being Hezekiah Rice. 

Occasional meetings were now held, in 1834, by Reverends Horace 
Smith, Stephen R. Smith, Thomas Miller and W. A. Stickney, the 
latter also preaching in 1835. In the latter year a fruitless attempt 
was made to secure a separate house of worship, the meetings there- 
tofore having been held in private houses, school houses, or in the pub- 
lic hall connected with the tavern at the Center. 

Occasional meetings were held in the next 18 years by various 
clergymen, and in 1853 the matter of building a chiirch was again 
taken up and monies raised to secure a permanent minister. In April, 
1854, Reverend James Gallager, of Easton, Pa., commenced preach- 
ing as a candidate, and was so acceptable that he was settled as the 
first Universalist pastor in Meriden, his pastorate commencing the 
second Sabbath in June, 1854. He was a man of great force of char- 
acter, and was much beloved by all who knew him. He preached his 
farewell sermon here January 25th, 1857, and removing to Hamilton, 
Ohio, died at that place on the 16th of July the same year. 

The society at Meriden which he had served completed its organi- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 561 

zation June 6th, 1854, when the following officers were chosen: J. S. 
Blake. B. R. Stevens. J. L. Ives, E. Dayton and M. Barnes, executive 
committee; Charles Pomeroy. clerk: I. C. Lewis, treasurer; and P. S. 
Pelton, collector. Other members of the society were: Noah Pomeroy, 
Calvin Coe. E. E. Smiley, William H. Golden, Moses Waterman. J. V. 
Thayer, B. F. Stevens, H. E. Welton, James T. Pomeroy, E. R. Aspin- 
wall, John C. Marvin, J. X. Foster. N. W. Pomeroy, P. S. Bliss, Silas 
Gladwin, G. E. Leonard, Aaron Gardner and L P. Lewis— 26 in all. 
The following year 13 new names were added to the society's list, 
and much interest in its affairs was manifested. Both the business 
and religious meetings were held in Odd Fellows' Hall until the 
church was completed. 

The society being left without a pastor did not allow its meetings 
to be intermitted, but voted, August 11th, 1858, that " we continue 
meetings regularly every Sunday, with or without a preacher." Ser- 
mons were read by laymen, and those attending were profited there- 
by. Various visiting ministers also preached for the society. 

In July, 1859, Reverend Henry Eaton became the pastor, but at the 
end of six months was compelled by failing health to resign. In this 
period, however, the society began the work of building a church. On 
the 5th of October, 1859, a building committee was appointed, consisting 
of Doctor T. F. Davis, I. C. Lewis, Silas Gladwin, Robert Hoadley and 
Moses Waterman, who, in the same month, adopted a plan for a build- 
ing prepared by T. W. Silloway, of Boston. A central location for 
the church was secured east of the new town hall, upon which an 
attractive and substantial edifice was erected and furnished at a cost 
of nearly §10,000. It was dedicated December 5th, 1860, in the pres- 
ence of a large assemblage of persons, the attending services being 
very impressive, as condiicted by a number of visiting clergymen. 
In the fall of 1891 the old church building was removed, and on its 
site a new edifice was begun, which will cost about §50,000. The ma- 
terial is Connecticut brown stone. 

After the society had the services of several clergymen as sup- 
plies following the short pastorate of the Reverend Frederick Foster 
(the first minister in the new church), which ended March 3d, 1861, 
another pastor was .secured in the person of Reverend J. H. Farns- 
worth, who was installed November 1st, 1862. He remained seven 
years, and his services placed the society upon a permanent basis. 
Soon after his removal to Springfield, Vt., Reverend Martin J. Steere 
was settled over the church, in the latter part of 1869. He remained 
several years. Since 1872 the church has had a number of ministers, 
one of the chief ones being Reverend J. H. Chapin, Ph. D., who 
preached for the society several years, and has given to it some of his 
best energies. The pastor in 1890 was Reverend W. S. Perkins; the 
deacons were D. C. Easton and William B. Barnes; the parish committee 
35 



562 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

were Charles H. Fales, D. C. Pease and William H. Miller, the latter 
also being the clerk and treasurer of the parish. 

Of the large and flourishing Sabbath school Isaac C. Lewis was for 
many years the superintendent. It has been continued with much 
interest. 

St. John's German Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized 
December 3d, 1865, among the constituent members being Anton 
Reuss, George Nagle, William Nagle and Moritz Kraemer. Decem- 
ber 25th, 1865, Reverend G.Guerick was installed the first pastor, and 
in October, 1860, he was succeeded by Reverend H. A. vSchmidt, who 
remained until June, 1809. The following August, Reverend Charles 
A. Graeber became the pastor, and continued until April 1st, 1886. 
Since the latter date the pastor of the church has been Reverend 
Adelbert Krofft. 

The church soon took steps to secure its own house of worship, of 
which the corner stone was laid October 19th, 1806. A frame hou.se, 
;}8 by 90 feet, was erected, on Liberty street, which was enlarged m 
1879. In 1891 a fine new brick edifice was built on the site of the old 
one, at a cost of $25,000. A parochial school has been maintained 
since 1880. Of this, C. A. Burgdorf was the principal in 1889, and the 
pupils in attendance numbered 110. In 1886 the church became a 
corporate body. 

The membership of the church has been twice diminished by the 
withdrawal of so many persons that the influence of the church work 
has been much affected; first in 1876, when many connected them- 
selves with other organizations; and in January, 1889, when a number 
withdrew to form a new organization. 

The New Emanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church was organized 
out of the latter secession on the 28th of January, 1889, 51 persons 
pledging themselves as members, and worship was established in the 
Y. M. C. A. Hall, Reverend Charles A. Graeber and others acting as 
pastoral supplies. In the movement to erect a church an eligible lot 
on Hanover street was secured, upon which a frame building was 
erected, whose cornerstone was laid November 17th, 1889. The mem- 
bership of the parent church is about 100, and that of the New Eman- 
uel is about one-fourth less. 

St. Rose of Lima Church (Roman Catholic) is the oldest church of 
that denomination in Meriden. Catholicism was introduced into 
Meriden soon after the completion of the Hartford railroad, which 
was the means of bringing a number of Irish families into the town. 
These were gathered together by missionary priests, who said' mass to 
them in a private hou.se, in the northeastern part of the city. Later, 
services of this nature were held by Father Philip O'Reilley and Father 
Teevens, the latter taking charge of the newly organized parish in 
1849. Soon after this was formed, the old Episcopal church, which 
stood on the corner of Broad and Olive streets, was bought and used 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 563 

by the Catholics. It was a frame house, 36 by 45 feet, and had been 
used by the Episcopalians until they occupied their Gothic church, in 
ISoO. In this mass was celebrated about nine years, by Father Hugh 
O'Reilley, who took charge of the parish work in 1851, and by Father 
Thomas Quinn, who became the first settled pastor of the parish in 
1854. Under his direction the handsome St. Rose church was begun 
in 1858, its completion involving an outlay of $25,000. This was a 
heavy burden, but the parish was relieved of it by Father Thomas 
Walsh, who became the pastor in the spring of 1859, succeeding 
Father Quinn. Although regarded so costly and commodious, the 
growth of the parish was so rapid that it was found necessary to fur- 
ther enlarge and improve the church. This was done m 1868, at an 
outlay of $30,000. Another improvement was made more recently, 
the church being re-opened May 21st, 1882, when Bishop McMahon 
officiated. 

Until his death, July 2d, 1883, at the age of 53 years, the services of 
Father Walsh were untiring in the interest of the parish, of which he 
remained the priest, and of the diocese, of which he was vicar-general. 
At his decease, St. Rose- ranked as the fourth Catholic church in the 
state, the parish having 4,000 members. The parochial school, kept 
in a fine and commodious building, erected in 1874 at a cost of $2^,000, 
had an attendance of 700 children daily. Father Walsh was a devout, 
learned man, highly respected by the entire community. When he 
was laid to his rest, in St. Patrick's Cemetery, July 5th, 1883, the cere- 
monies were attended by a larger concourse of people than had before 
here gathered on a similar occasion. 

Under his successors the work of the parish has gone on, the mem- 
bership increasing and the fine church property being made still 
more extensive and valuable. In the fall of 1888, St. Rose Chapel, on 
Liberty street, was completed. It is of brick, 37 by 70 feet, and attrac- 
tive in its appearance. 

In 1889, the corporation of the parish consisted of the pastor. 
Reverend Father P. F. M'Alenney, Maurice O'Brien and Patrick 
Hopkins. 

The Catholic parochial school building is very fine, and contains 
twelve rooms. Between 900 and 1,000 children are in attendance. 

St. Laurent's Church (French Catholic) was formed in 1880. In the 
past two decades many French people became citizens of Meriden, the 
census of 1880 showing over one thousand. Most of these were 
Catholics and in order to permit them to worship in their own language 
it was decided to form them into a new parish. The preliminary 
meeting was held June 2d, 1880, and four days later the first mass of 
the parish was said in G. A. R. Hall. Subsequently and until the 
spring of 1881, the meetings were held in the town hall. A purpose 
to build a church was given warm encouragement and the work was 
soon begun. July 5th, 1880, being a holiday, the members of the 



5G4 history of new haven county. 

parish devoted it to digj^ing for the foundations of the church, on 
Camp street. A band furnished music, lunches were served by the 
women of the parish, and at sunset the excavation was completed. 
The basement of the church was fitted up as a place of worship, for 
which use it was dedicated April KHh, 1881, when also the corner 
stone of the church was laid by Bishop McMahon. For several years 
work on the main building was .suspended but was again resumed m 
the spring of 1886 and completed for dedication November 4th, 1888. 

The church forms an attractive edifice in the French Gothic style, 
the walls being of North Haven brick, with buttresses capped with 
granite. The dimensions are 60 by 118 feet and the front towers when 
completed will be 165 feet high. The sanctuary windows are over 21 
feet high and were all imported from Holland. The interior of the 
church is handsomely finished and the value of the property is nearly 
$60,000. In 1S89 the corporation of the parish was composed of the 
resident priest. Father A. Van Oppen, under whose pastorate the 
church is prospering, and trustees D. Dolbec and Philippe Turcotte. 

In the spring of 1891 the Polish and German members of St. 
Laurent's and St. Rose's parishes formed themselves into a new church, 
by the name of vSt. Mary's Catholic church, with Father Kost as the 
priest. Ground for a church edifice, 85 by 45 feet, was broken on 
Church street, on the Hoth of May, and the building will be completed 
as the funds of the parish will permit. 

The Young Men's Christian Association of Meriden had its origin in 
the winter or 1865-6 and was incorporated June 27th, the latter year, 
by act of the general assembly. Under this charter the first board of 
regular officers was elected in July, 1866. In the fall of the same 
year, having a subscription fund of $7,000, a lot on Colony street was 
purchased, on which was a frame building of two stories, 22 by 50 
feet, which was fitted up for association uses. On the first floor a 
reading room and library was opened. The second floor was devoted 
to the use of general meetings, lectures, also noonday prayer meet- 
ings being therein sustained, each day, for about four years. 

Having outgrown this humble building, steps were taken, in 1875-6, 
to raise a fund to displace it with a more commodious structure. The 
president of the association. Welcome E. Benham, was especially 
active in this movement and his well-conceived purpose and persistent 
effort in this direction were warmly seconded by the community. 
Four persons sub.scribed $1,000 each; 53 persons gave $100 each; 
and nearly $22,000 in all was raised, when the work of building 
was begun. W. E. Benham, James R. Sutliff and S. J. Hall were 
appointed the building committee and H. M. Jones was secured as 
the architect. The plans adopted involved an outlay of $28,000, and 
ground for the edifice was broken May 18th, 1876. The corner 
stone was laid with ceremonies October 19th, 1876, and on the 
31st of July, the following year, the building was dedicated. A 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 565 

debt remaining on it was fully settled in February, 1886, when the 
entire value of the property was placed at $40,000. The rentals of the 
building, not occupied by the association for its own uses, are about 
$8,000 per year. 

The building is imposing in appearance, being four stories high 
above the basement, and is 46 feet wide and 89 feet long. The front 
is constructed of Philadelphia pressed brick, with free-stone and iron 
trimmings, granite sills and steps, and there is a slated. Mansard roof. 
Business rooms occupy the basement, first floor and part of the second, 
where are also the reading room and the general rooms of the asso- 
ciation. On the third floor are assembly halls, and a gymnasium 
occupies the fourth floor. Many religious and benevolent societies 
have here held their meetings. The building is substantially finished 
and furnished throughout, and was the first of the kind in Connecticut 
and one of the first in New England exclusively for Y. M. C. A. 
purposes. 

In 1886 the charter of the association was amended and its property 
was placed in care of a board of seven trustees, members of Protestant 
evangelical churches. These were W. E. Benham, chairman; Benjamin 
Page, clerk: S. J. Hall, treasurer; James R. Sutliff, S. B. Little, James 
H. Breckenridge, E. A. Bell. A board of directors of one member 
each from all the Protestant churches in the city is chosen annually 
to cooperate with the officers in managing the affairs of the associa- 
tion. 

Since the incorporation the presidents of the association have been: 
J. H. Breckenridge, from July, 1866, to September, 1868; E. W. Hatch, 
from September, 1868, to September, 1869; F. H. Williams, from Sep- 
tember. 1869, to September, 1870; F. G. Otis, from September, 1870, to 
September, 1872; W. E. Benham, from September, 1872, to September, 
1890. 

In 1882 the association secured William A. Venter as its first gen- 
eral secretary and he served in that capacity until October, 1889. In 
the following December A. H. Wilcox succeeded him in the same 
office. 

In 1885 a ladies' auxiliary of the association was organized, which 
has become a most valuable adjunct. The same year a gymnasium 
was established and a teacher employed. In December, 1887, a branch 
of the association was opened on Broad street, which was kept open 
one year. Many other auxiliaries, or divisions of the association forces, 
have promoted the general good, the members being zealous and active 
in these matters. 

In July, 1886, the publication of the monthly Association News was 
begun as a small sheet, setting forth the work of the society. It was 
enlarged in January, 1888, and again in January, 1889, to 12 columns, 
quarto size. 

In the library of the a.ssociation are more than 6,000 volumes of 



fiOn ■ HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

popular, standard and reference books, which may be freely read in 
the rooms or taken home on the payment of a small fee. The free 
reading room, open all day and evening, contains over 100 choice peri- 
odicals, and is largely patronized. 

The association has the support of the leading citizens of Meriden, 
and has proved to be a valuable proinotive agent in elevating the 
moral tone of the community. 

The Connecticut State Reform vSchool- was authorized by the legis- 
lature of 1851, which appropriated $10,000 for this object, on condition 
that the people of the state would donate an equal sum for the same 
object. In 1852 the school was located in Meriden, on a tract of land 
secured for this purpose of Salmon Merriam and others, and embrac- 
ing, in 1888, IDo acres. It lies about half a mile north of the New 
Haven railroad station, extending from North Colony street toward 
the Hanging hills, more than a mile in the rear. About 100 acres are 
comparatively level and are well tilled for farm and garden crops. 
Much of the remainder of the land is in pasture and wood lots. A fine 
stream of water through the center of the tract adds to the value of 
the farm, which has been somewhat damaged by the recent construc- 
tion through it of the Waterbury railroad. A number of fine farm 
buildings have been erected, including a main barn, 42 by 83 feet, 
three stories high, which is a model of completeness in its arrange- 
ments. There are orchards, gardens and a green-house. The farm 
cost $18,000. 

On a commanding eminence, near the North Colony street part of 
the lands, are the buildings of the school proper, standing on hand- 
somely kept grounds, adorned with shrubs and flowers. The site 
affords one of the finest landscape views in this part of the state. 
Around it lies the city with its manifold intere.sts; in front, several 
miles distant, is Mount Lamentation; and in the rear and nearer are 
the ever beautiful Hanging hills. The main building is of brick and 
was begun in 1853. It fronts the east, and is 300 feet long by 50 feet 
deep. The central part is four stories high; the ends three stories. 
In the rear is a three story wing, 40 by 120 feet. In this building are 
all the conveniences for the care, comfort, instruction and employ- 
ment of 375 boys, besides affording a home for the superintendent 
and other officers of the school. 

When it was erected the congregate or prison system prevailed, 
and continued until 1878. Under this system, a yard in the rear of 
the building was enclosed v/ith a high stone wall, which has lately 
been devoted to other uses, and other features in the building, under 
the old system, have also been changed. Since the adoption of the 
family system of government, ten years ago, five large cottage build- 
ings have been erected, north and south of the main structure, each 
being of brick, three stories high above the basement. While they 

* From reports and data by Saxton B. Little. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 567 

differ in outside appearance and architectural design, they each cost 
$16,000, and have the same general interior arrangement, each com- 
fortably accommodating fifty boys and those in charge of them. A 
beautiful chapel, with 500 sittings, was erected at a cost of $15,000. In 
it are held religious meetings and general a.ssemblages, for the instruc- 
tion or amusement of the members of the school, who are here treated 
with a view to bring them under reformatory influences and to lead 
them to better lives. Each family section has its own male supervisor 
and matron and special teachers. 

There are six shops in the institution, in which are made the neces- 
sary clothing, shoes, etc., worn by the boys, who themselves do this 
work; and two shops in which 225 boys are employed in cane-seating 
chairs. 

All the buildings have an abundant supply of water from the city 
water works and from a private spring, owned by the institution, 1^ 
miles distant, which is conducted to the farm by means af a 3-inch 
pipe. This supplies water for irrigation and farm uses. The build- 
ings are al.so supplied with city gas and have all the modern conven- 
iences to make them complete and comfortable. Their aggregate 
cost has been a little more than $250,000, and they are, in appearance 
and adaptation, finer than many kindred institutions in other states. 

The government of the institution is vested in a board of eight 
state trustees, one from each county, and four resident trustees, who 
elect the superintendent and other officers to manage its affairs. 

The first superintendent was Philemon Hoadley, elected in 1853, 
and served two years. In 1855 Roswell Hawley, M. D., was elected, 
and served four years. E. W. Hatch, M. D., was elected in 1859, and 
was at the head of the institution about twenty years. In 1854 vSaxton 
B. Little was elected assistant superintendent, and served until the 
abandonment of the congregate system of government, proving a 
most efficient educator of this class of pupils. 

The present superintendent, George E. Howe, was elected in 1878, 
and under his administration the life of the school was changed to the 
open or family system, being made more reformatory in its nature, 
and divesting it of the penal features which were before connected 
with the institution. His previous extended experience in that de- 
partment of labor has enabled him to reorganize the school and bring 
it up to a standard which has excited the admiration of philanthropists 
and others interested in making good citizens of those who have had 
the misfortune to inherit or contract vicious habits. He has the co- 
operation of about twenty assistants at the institution, and the active 
aid of the resident trustees. These were, in 1889: Colonel Charles L. 
Upham, Isaac C. Lewis, Owen B. Arnold and D. S. Williams. 

The institution was opened for the reception of inmates March 1st, 
1854, and since that time 4,652 boys have been placed under its care. 
The age at entrance has varied from six to nineteen years, the greatest 



508 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

number being placed at the ages of fourteen and fifteen. The com- 
mitments in 1888 were 176. Of those entered 463 have been placed 
with farmers, 44 placed at various trades, 150 escaped from the insti- 
tution and did not return, 941 were discharged on the expiration of 
sentence, and 2,461 were returned to their parents. The number re- 
maining in the institution December 1st, 1889, was 450. The state 
permits parents and guardians to place boys in the school without a 
commitment from court on the payment of $8 per week, and 176 boys 
have thus been placed and subjected to the rules of the school. 

Every boy in the institution is required to attend school three hours 
each week day, ten months in a year, and is taught the rudiments of 
an English education which will fit him to transact the ordinary busi- 
ness of life, and moral culture is also instilled. A moral review is held 
every evening, at which time a record is made in a book of every boy's 
conduct during the day. These records determine each boy's standard 
in the school, and the " Honor Grade " has proven to be a valuable 
disciplinary means. 

"The paramount object of the institution is not to confine, but to 
reform those committed to its care, and its success is encouraging in a 
high degree. Not all are reformed, for human nature is the same here 
as elsewhere, nevertheless a large proportion of those coming here go 
away far better bo3's, and with prospects of becoming more useful 
citizens than if this noble charity did not exist." 

The Curtis Home owes its existence solel}' to the benevolence and 
munificent benefactions of Lemuel J. Curtis,* who established it for 
the relief of old ladies and orphan children in needy circumstances. 
The institution stands on three and one-half acres of ground at the 
head of Crown street, and overlooks much of the city of Meriden. 
The building was begun May 1st, 1888, and June 28th, 1884, the home 
was dedicated by Bishop Williams, of the diocese of Connecticut, the 
services being held in the pretty little chapel connected with it. The 
home is 46 by 114 feet, four stories high, with a deep slated roof. The 
architecture is in the Gothic style, the walls being of North Haven 
brick, trimmed with terra cotta, the front presenting a most attractive 
appearance. The interior is handsomely finished and supplied with 
modern appointments. Separate dormitories are provided for boys, 
girls and old ladies. The entire co.st was about $40,000. In his life- 
time Mr. Curtis maintained the home single handed, and at his 
death left a large benefaction, placed in trust of the vestry of 
St. Andrew's parish. That body and a board of local managers, se- 
lected from the churches of the city, are also the managers of the in- 
stitution. The first local board was composed of Mrs. J. T. Pettee, 
president; Miss Celia J. Curtis, vice-president; Mrs. L. E. Coe, corre- 
sponding secretary; Mrs. Annie Palmer, recording secretary. The 
latter was also the first matron, and occupied the home May 1st, 1884. 

*.Soe Biographical Sketch. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 569 

Doctor C. H. S. Davis was the first physician. In the course of a few 
years twenty inmates were sheltered within its friendly walls. 

The City Mission Society of Meriden is another charitable organiza- 
tion which deserves and has received philanthropic support. It was 
in.stituted for the amelioration of the poor several years ago, and be- 
came a chartered body April 5th, 1889, with the following corporators: 
Mary L. Seymour, Phebe E. Hinman, Lucy A. Geer, Anna Wheeler, 
Ruth B. Austin, Martha E. Fales, Seraphine C. Ives, vSarah G. Higby, 
Mary G. Patten, Emma R. Thomas and Jennie Fay. The society is 
empowered to hold property to the amount of $100,000, whose proceeds 
are to be applied for the care of the poor and the prevention of 
pauperism. In the furtherance of this object the society has had 
especial encouragement in the noble gift of Isaac C. Lewis. On the 
21st of October, 1889, he deeded to the society the handsome " Lewis 
Block," on East Main street, which he had erected in 1888-9 at a cost 
of more than $70,000. the income from which shall forever be devoted 
to its uses. This block is one of the finest in the city and its rentals 
will insure a fine working fund for the society, which is thus permitted 
to enter upon an extended sphere of usefulness. 

The Meriden Hospital is a charitable institution of recent date. On 
the 17th of April, 1885, the general assembly of the state granted a 
charter to a number of citizens of Meriden to establish a hospital and 
giving power to conduct the same. Under the provisions of this 
charter the incorporators organized December 28th, 1885, by electing 
the following directors: N. L. Bradley, chairman; George R. Curtis, 
treasurer; Seth J. Hall, Charles Parker, E. J. Doolittle, H. C. Wilcox, 
J. H. Chapin, Walter Hubbard and L. E. Coe. The advisability of 
erecting a hospital has been frequently discussed, but no definite 
action in this direction has yet been taken. 

The Cemeteries of Meriden are attractive and well kept. There 
are six distinct and well known places of interment in the town, four 
being within the city limits. The oldest, called the Ancient Burying 
Ground, is on what formerly was known as the Meeting House hill, 
about two miles southeast of the town hall. It is a retired place, only 
a lane, seldom used, leading by it. But it is a spot of considerable 
natural beauty, pleasantly located on the south brow of the long slop- 
ing elevation, designated on late maps as Parker's hill. A fine and 
extended view of the country lying west and south is commanded. 

In the latter direction the houses in the borough of Wallingford 
can be plainly seen, and it was probably a matter of sentiment which 
led to the selection of this place. Here, within view of the old home, 
were interred the dead of the new parish. The use of the ground was 
discontinued about the time of the revolution and being isolated from 
the main highways, it became neglected in the course of years. The 
graves were marked by plain slaty slabs, which fell out of place and 
the epitaphs became illegible. The grave j'ard itself was apart of the 



570 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

common field and there was little to indicate the respect which should 
be shown to the graves of these pioneers. But in 1851 the town voted 
to fence in the yard with a stone wall. This was not done and 
December 20th, 1856, another vote was taken, not only to enclose the 
ground but to erect a monument containing the names of those there 
interred. The following year these instructions were properly car- 
ried out. A substantial brown freestone shaft was erected and was 
enclosed by a high iron fence, 60 feet square. It was a worthy tribute 
to the dead and deserved to be well kept. In the course of years, how- 
ever, the iron fence was torn down and finally removed: and the monu- 
ment itself has been marred by chipping off parts to be carried away 
as relics. In more recent years reasonable care has been given the 
yard which, in 1889, was plainly enclosed and free from brush. Only 
a few of the headstones remained. Their inscriptions were quaint 
and expressive of the virtues of tliose whose decease tliey commem- 
orated. Two of them were marked as follows: 

In Memory of 
Theophilus H.\ll, 
Pastor of ye Church, who having for 37 years discharged the duties of his func- 
tion with distinguished fidehty and accomplished Christian life, the uniform 
disciple of Jesus Christ, deceased March 35. 1767, in the 60th year of his Age. 
They that be wise shall shine as ye brightness of 
ye firmament. 
Dean Ezekiel Rice, Esq., Aged 66 years. Departed this Life Sptr 4th, 176.'j. 
To God and Man a faithful Friend ; 
In Serving both his life did spend. 
His Sun is set, his work is done. 
Lies here beneath this Gloomy Stone. 

The town monument was legibly inscribed in the following 
manner: 

On the south side: 

ERECTEn 

By the tow.\ of Meriden, 
18.^7. 
On the east side; 

In Memory of the First Settlers of the Town of Meriden who were buried 
within and near this enclosure, and whose names asfar as known are inscribed on 
this Monument, 

The Mecting-House iii which they worshiped, and the first erected in this 
town, stood about fifty rods west of tliis memorial. 

On the north side: 

OiinTARV. — Rev. Theophilus Hall, Pastor of the First Church, Maich 2,t, 
1767, is. 60; Mchitable Hall, Sept. 11, 1767, te. 16; Timothy Jerome, Feb. 2:3, 1757, 
as, 26; Abigail Way, Sept. 12, 1741, ie. 12; Daniel Hotigh, July 35, 1768, as. 49; 
Thos. Beech, May 14, 1741, le. 83; Phebe Merriam, Feb. 23, 1753, ae. 23; Hannah 
Ives, Nov. 5, 1770, te. 70; Captain Josiah Robinson, Apr. 2, 1766, as. 67; Theophilus 
Mix, July 3, 17.50, ic. .53; Rachael Andrus, Jan. 11, 17.56, x. :53; Timothy Andrews, 
Nov. 25, 1743, oe. 2:!; Hannah Royce. Jan. 13, 17{>1, ;t>. i)l; Samuel Johnson, Mar. 
2, 1777, iE, 33, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 571 

On the west side: 

Obituary. — Benjamin Curtiss, Oct. 29, 17.54, te. 53; Aaron Curtiss, Dec. 18, 
1763, St. 20; Rebekah Lyman, Nov. 8, 1748, as. 44; Joseph Cowles, Nov. 30, 1760, 
X. 83; Mindwell Cowles, April 17, 1770, ae. 89; Sarah Bishop, May 31, 1760, se. 43; 
EHzabeth Merriam, June 11, 1767, ffi. 70; Elizabeth Penfield. Nov. 30, 1765, ae. 18; 
Deacon Samuel Royce, May 14, 1757, ae. 85; Ezekiel Rice, Esq., Sept. 4, 1765, jb. 
06; Ebenezer Roys, Jan. 30, 1759, se. 53; Joseph Merriam, Aug. 24, 1752, ae. 49; 
Deborah Merriam, Aug. 12, 1761, ae. 53; Ruth Merriam, Nov. 12, 1755, ». 72; Mind- 
well Rice, June 15, 1769, a:. 37. 

With the removal of the church to the Center came a demand for 
a burial place in the same locality, which was secured in the lot on 
Broad street, at the corner of Olive. This was deeded by Reverend 
John Hubbard, March 15th, 1771, and originally contained three- 
quarters of an acre, which was purchased by a popular subscription, 
as is shown in the following paper: 

" Whereas the inhabitants of the parish of Meriden, did in their 
meeting on the 18 of February last, agree to purchase a piece of land 
of the Rev. :Mr. Hubbard, for a burying yard, we, the subscribers 
being desirous of a speedy accomplishinent of said affair, do herewith 
our names subscribe the several sums that we will give towards pur- 
chasing said piece of land, and do promise to paye them to the parish 
committee within nine months after said committee shall procure a 
deed to secure the same to the use of the parish as aforesaid. 

Meriden, March 11, 1771. 
s. d. s. d. 

Samuel Leavitt 3 Hannah Hall, Jr 2 

Noah Yale 5 Abel Hawley 2 

Ebenezer Cowles 3 6 Samuel Johnson 3 

Ezekiel Rice 1 5 Solomon Rice 1 

Daniel Howell 3 6 Joseph Cowles 3 

Ebenezer Cowles, Jr 1 Wait Rice 1 

Samuel Whitney 1 6 Bezaleel Ives 3 

John Miles, Jr 1 Timothy Collins 1 6 

Theo. Hall 2 Thomas Hough 1 

Josiah Merriam 1 Ezra Rice 2 

Titus Rice 1 4 Aaron Hull 1 

Thomas Menhaur 1 6 Moses Hall 1 3 

Thomas Berry 2 Benjamin Rice 2 

Timothy Foster 3 4 Aaron Lyman 4 

Abigail Rice 2 1 Amasa Rice 1 

To this place some of those interred in the old burial ground were 
removed. In the course of seventy years the Broad Street burial ground 
was filled up and a new cemetery was demanded. Some difficulty was 
encountered in selecting a place which .should accommodate all parts 
of the town, both the east and the west section claiining the location. 
After a discussion of several years ground for the East Meriden Cem- 



572 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

etery was purchased in 1845, of the estate of William Yale and of 
Lyman Collins, about half a mile east of the Center church. This was 
substantially enclosed, and in 1847 the stone arch over the entrance 
way was erected. The cemetery is laid out with care, and is neatly 
kept. Many tasty monuments show the resting place of those here 
interred, representing numerous old families. 

The West Meriden Cemetery was opened by an association bear- 
ing this name, whose preliminary meeting was held October 20th, 
1846. Elah Camp was chosen president; Doctor Benjamin H. Catlin, 
vice-president; Curtis L. North, secretary; Horace Curtis, treasurer. 

Three acres of land were purchased, November 22d,]S46, of Asahel 
Merriman, and the town was petitioned to open a street to the same. 
Soon after Hanover street was opened by the cemetery, which was 
enlarged by the addition of an acre in 1804. It is laid out with modern 
landscape effects, and contains about 800 family lots. There are 
numerous costly monuments, and the grounds are kept in good con- 
dition by the association. The officers in 1889 were: John D. Billard, 
president; Charles H. Collins, secretary and treasurer; P. J. Clark, H. 
J. Church and John I). Billard, directors. The association was duly 
incorporated June 14th, 1866. 

Walnut Grove Cemetery, south of the city, in its area, beauty of 
location and possibility of development is the most important in the 
town. It had its origin in a purpose formed as long ago as 1868, when 
a committee was appointed to consider the wi.sdom of opening 
a new ceinetery. It recommended that the town purchase the Nor- 
man B. Wood farm for $12,000, and in ca.se a cemetery association was 
formed before January 1st, 1872, to transfer the same to such a corpor- 
ation. After some delay in arranging the details of such an organi- 
zation, the Meriden Cemetery A.ssociation was formed August 6th, 
1875, Eli Butler, president, and John Ives, secretary, and the town 
transferred the property to that body, which became a legal corpora, 
tion March 8d, 1876. On the 7th of October of that year the cemetery 
was appropriately dedicated, nearly all the clergy in the city partici- 
pating. The first interment was made soon after. 

The original area of the Wood farm of 60 acres was diminished 
by locating the new South Meriden road through the western part, 
which cut off about ten acres, but the cemetery was subsequently en- 
larged by adding about the same number of acres to its area on the 
north end, and in 1889 it contained nearly 60 acres, about seven acres 
having been highly improved for burial purposes. Already some fine 
monuments have been erected, which add to the natural beauty of the 
cemetery. In 1889 the officers of the as.sociation were: William W. 
Lyman, president; O. B. Arnold, vice-president; John Ives, secretary 
and treasurer. 

St. Patrick's Cemetery is the property of St. Rose Parish, of Meri- 
den. It has a beautiful and advantageous location on Wall street, and 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 573 

is finely improved. The blocks are 16 by 20 feet, and are carefully 
kept. Chaste memorials have been erected, and it is yearly becoming 
a more beautiful spot. St. Patrick's Cemetery was blessed by Bishop 
McFarland, May 8th, 1864. Previous Catholic interments at Meriden 
were made in a small lot on South Broad street, which was vacated 
when the present cemetery was opened. 



CHAPTER XI. 



MERIDEN. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 



Nathaniel L. Bradley.— Eli Butler.— Andrew J. Coe.— Levi E. Coe.— Lemuel J. Curtis. 
— Charles H. S. Davis. — Seth J. Hall. — George E. Howe. — Emily J. Leonard. — Sax- 
ton B. Little. — William W. Lyman. — Edward B. Manning. — Edward Miller. — 
Samuel C. Paddock.— Charles Parker.— Cephas B. Rogers.— John Sutliflf.— John 
Tait.— Henry K. White.— Horace C. Wilcox.— Grove H. Wilson.— Bertrand L. Yale. 
— Personal Paragraphs. 



N. L. Bradley was born in Cheshire, Conn., December '27th, 1829. 
In Mr. Bradley we have a suggestive illustration of a successful man. 
The strong qualities which lay at the base of all his development he 
inherited largely from his parents. To the faithful exerci.se of these 
is to be attributed the abundant success which he has attained. The 
inheritance of character determines the trend of a man's life, and is 
the prophecy also of its end. Mr. Bradley's father and mother were 
Levi and Abigail Ann ( Atwater) Bradley. Levi Bradley was a thrifty 
farmer and a man of large influence in his town, who.se moral worth 
made for a wholesome and strong virtue in the community. Inacon- 
scientious observance of all his religious duties he was most heartily 
joined by the entire family circle. His sympathies were decidedly 
Christian, as evidenced by the liberal support he accorded to the 
work of religion. He found abundant time also for the study of his- 
tory, in which he was much interested, even to the close of his 
life. Because of such an example, it would be natural to expect 
moral excellence and mental and physical soundness in the children. 

N. L. Bradley was the youngest son among five children, whose 
names in order of birth are as follows; Emeline, wife of Alfred P. 
Curtis, of Meriden; Samuel A., of Cheshire; William L., of Boston; 
Nathaniel L., of Meriden; and Abby Ann, wife of Walter Hubbard, 
of Meriden. Of these only two are at present living — William L. 
and Nathaniel L. Mr. Bradley received his education in the academy 
at Meriden. His first principal was John D. Post, and Dexter R. 
Wright was the last. At the close of his academical .studies he became 
a clerk with E. B. M. Hughes, hardware merchant, New Haven, Conn., 
for one year. Then, because of the strong desire of his parents, he 
returned home, very much to the regret of Mr. Hughes, and devoted 
himself to the work of the farm. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 575 

At twenty-one years of age Mr. Bradley had, as yet, conceived no 
other purpose in life than that of being a farmer. Farming was not 
remunerative and its toils not .satisfying to his ambition. The little 
fortune he had accumulated he placed in a clock factory in Southing- 
ton, a town about four miles away. His compensation was $1.25 per 
diem. It was here that his genius for work discovered itself. Conse- 
quently he was offered the contract for making clocks in the factory, 
which he readily accepted. In the event of the great accumulation of 
goods, which necessitated the stopping of work, it was proposed to 
Mr. Bradley that he visit New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and 
Washington for the purpo.se of selling the goods of the company. 
The success of his venture was .so gratifying to the president that 
other salesmen were dismissed and Mr. Bradley was elected a director, 
and also the representative salesman of the company. 

The year 1852 marked the inception of the great industry in 
Meriden with which Mv. Bradley's name has since been associated. 
A joint stock company was formed (Bradley, Hatch & Co.), with a 
capital of $5,000. William L. Bradley and Walter Hubbard were 
members of the firm. So rapidly grew the business that after two 
years, in 1854, more capital became an imperative need. The Hatch 
brothers not having any money for investment chose to go out of 
the company. Walter Hubbard sold out his dry goods business, and 
with William L. and Nathaniel L. Bradley organized the company, 
under the corporation title of Bradley & Hubbard. The property of 
the joint stock company of Bradley, Hatch & Co. was purchased and 
a large business was permanently located where the immense factory 
plant now stands. The business was conducted under a copartnership 
until 1875, when a joint stock company was again formed, having 
the name of The Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company, and 
has since been so conducted. 

The first factory consisted of a small wooden building without 
power. Now there is a large group of brick buildings, the area of 
whose floor space is equal to about seven acres. At first six workmen 
were employed; now fully 1,100 operatives are enrolled. 

In the beginning of the business Mr. Bradley acted as manufacturer 
and salesman. In the course of time salesrooms were opened in New 
York, to the interest of which Mr. Hubbard gave attention quite ex- 
clusively. Offices and salesrooms are now established in New York, 
Boston, Chicago and Philadelphia. Their products have a ready and 
large .sale, not only in the United States, but in foreign countries as 
well. The most improved machinery is used. The closest attention 
is given to produce the best manner of work. The highest style of 
art is made subservient to the ta.ste of the trade. Each succeeding 
year evidences the greatest possible skill in intelligent artisanship. 

The showrooms of the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Com- 
pany is one of the beautiful places to which visitors to Meriden are 



576 HrsTORV of new haven county. 

taken. Here we have a true exponent of the city's industry and its 
mechanical ability. And it is a proof also of the enterprise of Messrs. 
Bradley and Hubbard, and of their efficient superintendent and sec- 
retary, Mr. C. F. Linsley. Their manufacture is in the line of chan- 
deliers and brackets for oil, gas and electric light, ornamental lamps, 
bronzes, stationers' hardware and tables, andirons and fenders, clocks 
in ornamental iron cases, taking the place of French marble cases, and 
a variety of elegant ware in brass and bronze which is not readily 
classified. 

Mr. Bradley's life in Meriden covers the most important period of 
the city's growth, whose population at the time of his beginning busi- 
ness there was about 3,000 people. He has been intimately identified 
with the development of its municipal interests. The demands of his 
business, however, have not permitted him to accept many official 
burdens, although urged to do so. At one time he was elected alder- 
man, and acting mayor. He is a director in the First National Bank, 
the City Savings Bank, Meriden Fire Insurance Company, Meriden 
Trust and Safe Deposit Company, Meriden Horse Railroad Company 
and the Meriden Publishing Company. He is also interested in other 
financial enterprises in Meriden. He has been a liberal supporter of 
every public enterprise. In politics, charities and the religious life his 
influence is strong. He is not too busy to give attention to the 
improvement of his town in its physical features. The streets, parks 
and cemeteries are objects of his special care. He is president of the 
Meriden Park Company. 

Any sketch of Mr. Bradley's life and character would be incom- 
plete without a reference to his interest in religious enterprises. He 
gives freely and constantly to proper objects of charity; every good 
work has his sympathy and aid. He was among the first to liberally 
provide for the work of the Young Men's Christian Association, to 
whose building he subscribed generously. He has been very closely 
related to the work of the First Congregational church, of which 
he is a member. For nearly twenty years he has been a member 
of the committee of the society, and through all that time has 
earnestly studied and labored to build up a harmonious and pros- 
perous fellowship. 

On the 2r)th of October, 1860, Mr. Bradley married Hattie E., 
daughter of Selden and Lucy Hooker (Hart) Peck, of Kensington, Conn., 
a lady who encourages the good spirit of her husband and cooperates 
in his benevolent and religious designs. One son has been born to 
them, Clarence P. Bradley, who is a director in the Bradley & Hubbard 
Manufacturing Company. 

The family estate and residence are among the richest and most 
beautiful in Meriden, on one of the principal streets of the city. 

Ei.i BUTLKR, banker, Meriden, Conn., was born July 6th, 1814, and 
died May 24th, 1881. The ancestry chart dates Jrom the days of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 577 

Richard and Elizabeth Butler, of Hartford, Conn., whose "will " was 
proved in 1684. Eli Butler was the second son in a family of six chil- 
dren born to Lemuel and Salina (Merriman) Butler. His boyhood was 
spent on the farm, except that in the winter, until he was about four- 
teen years of age, he attended the district school. Beyond that age 
his education was obtained m earning a living and in making money, 
rather than by the tuition of the pedagogue. But that form of educa- 
tion worked well in his case, for be was by nature a master mind which 
could find " sermons in stones, books in the running brooks, and good 
in everything." 

Mr. Butler was not profuse in words, though they were at com- 
mand in abundance when he felt he had anything to say either in 
committees or in public: he was sometimes courtly in manner, giving 
an impression of being a little distant and yet free in the presence of 
his friends, and very fond of their company; quiet in disposition, but 
enjoying the social pleasantries of his neighbors; fond of reading and 
of games in the parlor. He was a man of indomitable wnll, and yet 
it was not stubborn, for it was intelligent. He was able to weigh 
matters on all sides, and possessed a judgment of unusual balance. 
His discriminations were accurate, and rarely were they ever faulty. 
When in conference with other men he was able to listen patiently 
to their opinions, and then positively, independently and clearly ex- 
pressing his own, to lead them in the courses of action which seemed 
to him wisest and best. 

These qualities made him a born leader of men, and they shone 
conspicuously in him, for instance, in the erection of the First Con- 
gregational church of Meriden. That church, as much as anything 
else in his city, stands as a monument to him. It is a magnificent 
granite edifice of costly workmanship. He was chairman of both the 
building and finance committee from the time the church was com- 
menced until it was completed. With him were associated positive 
men of diverse natures, and leaders in the life of the city of Meriden. 
As might be supposed, there was a variety of opinion to get 
along with, and opinion positively expressed. But Mr. Butler, as 
chairman of the two efficient committees, kept all forces working 
in harmony from first to last, and the noble temple stands forth as 
the magnificent ecclesiastico-architectural ornament of the city of 
Meriden. 

It is an interesting commentary on his ability as a leader of men 
that he voluntarily yielded up, in the last few years of his life, the 
final decision on many questions, to some trusted friends, giving as 
his reason that his convictions of the proper course to pursue were 
not so clear as they had been all his life. He had the uncommon 
sense to perceive a certain slight cloudiness of conviction coming over 
him, and the still more uncommon sense to declare that he would lead 
only when he knew he was right beyond any question in his own 
36 



578 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

mind. Clear sight and clear conviction had always been conspicuous 
traits in him. 

Like many prosperous Meriden men, Mr. Butler began his busi- 
ness career by selling goods in the West and vSouth from a peddler's 
wagon. He afterward opened a dry goods store in Radfordsville, 
Alabama, a town about twenty miles from .Selma. There he laid the 
foundation of his generous fortune. In 1853 he returned to Meriden 
and invested considerable of his property in the best paying home 
interests. 

His business connections in Meriden were widely ramified. He 
was founder, director, stockholder or capitalist of many of the princi- 
pal busine.ss concerns of his city. Besides being chief executive 
officer in the Home Bank, he had been for years a director of the 
Hartford & New Haven Railroad Company, and continued to be a 
stockholder when it was merged in the Consolidated Railroad Com- 
pany. He was director of the Meriden Cutlery Company, director of 
Pratt, Reed & Co.; also of E. Miller & Co. He was one of the founders 
and president of the Meriden Gas Light Company; also president of 
the Meriden Fire Insurance Company. He was one of the founders 
and the president of the Walnut Grove Cemetery Association; also of 
the Butler & Lyman Land Company. He was one of the founders of 
the Meriden Malleable Iron Company, and of the Meriden Glass 
Works, and akso of the Wilcox & White Organ Company, and besides 
a director of the Stanley Works, New Britain. 

But Mr. Butler's name is most naturally associated with the Home 
Bank of Meriden, one of the chief business centers of the city. The 
bank was organized in 1855, Mr. Butler being the youngest director. 
One year later only he was chosen president of the bank, taking pre- 
cedence of older directors, and held the office until he died. It is not 
a little to his praise that when the business devastation of 1857 lay 
upon the country, and nearly ever}' bank was closed, the Home Bank, 
under his guidance, was one of the very few which always kept open 
doors. 

Mr. Butler was originally a whig, but at the campaign of Fremont 
and Buchanan came out a republican, and remained an ardent sup- 
porter of his party until the last. He declined various local political 
honors which his party wanted to thrust upon him, such as representa- 
tive to the general a.ssembly and mayor of the city of Meriden. He 
consented to be made alderman and councilman for a few years, and 
was one of the ablest members of the city government. He was 
especially interested in three great departments of town and city 
affairs — the schools, the streets and the water .service — for he thought 
that such matters as those determined the quality of the city and its 
excellence of standing among the cities of the land. 

Mr. Butler was twice married. His first wife was Miss Juliette 
Ives, a Meriden lady, and connected with one of the oldest and most 




:E^?lyF.GKi!'^umJ}T 



-^yf.^^^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 579 

honorable families. Four children were born to them, two sons and 
two daughters; the daughters were: Mary South, who died in in- 
fancy, September 27th, 1843; and Rose Salina, who died when seven- 
teen years of age, March loth, 1866. The eldest .son, Edwin Howell, 
whose patriotism made him a soldier in the late war, now lives in 
Kensington, and William O. resides in a spacious house, the gift of 
his father, and located quite near the homestead residence. Mrs. 
Butler died March 1st, 1855. The second wife was Miss Rachel 
Crampton, eldest daughter of William and Esther Crampton, of Farm- 
ington, Conn. Mr. Butler was married to her October 6th, 1858. She 
was a member of a much respected and long settled family of Farm- 
ington, and has been distinguished and beloved in Meriden for her 
many Christian works and virtues. Herself and husband found a 
delightful companionship in each other for 23 years, and their home 
was a most pleasant meeting place for all their friends. 

Mr. Butler was a Congregationalist, and by the unanimous and 
hearty voice of the First Congregational church of Meriden held the 
office of deacon for many years. He was a warm supporter of his 
church, always present at its meetings and generous in his contribu- 
tions to its various objects of benevolence. The poor always found in 
him a friend and helper. 

At the funeral of Mr. Butler a large concourse of prominent citi- 
zens gathered at his late residence, and his former pastor, Reverend 
T. M. Miles, of Lawrence, Mass., conducted the services. He reminded 
the many business comrades present that the strong staff against 
which they had heavily leaned was broken, and voiced the general 
estimate of the man by the choice of the Scripture text for the occa- 
sion, the Words of David concerning Abner, H. Sam. 3:38: " Know ye 
not that there is a prince and a great man fallen this day in Israel." 
Andrew J. Coe was born in Meriden, Conn., September loth, 1834. 
The name Coe is a common one in some of the eastern counties of 
England, and it is a noteworthy circumstance that in that country, as 
in this, it has given the name to various fruits originated by members 
of the family. Robert Coe, with his wife, Anna, and their three sons, 
came from Suffolk county, England, sailing April 10th, 1634, and 
reaching Boston in the following June. They settled in Watertown, 
near Boston, and Mr. Coe was made a freeman September 3d, 1634. 
The sons and grandsons in one of the lines of descent were Robert, 
2d, John and Joseph, covering in all four generations. Joseph, in the 
founh generation, married Abigail Robinson, and lived in Durham, 
Conn. To them were born five children, and Joseph, their eldest, 
born September 5th, 1713, married Abigail Curtis in 1739. They had 
ten children, and Jo.seph, the sixth in order, born May 31st, 1753, 
married Elizabeth Cornwell, and lived in Middlefield, Conn. Ten 
children were born to them, of whom the eighth was Calvin Coe, born 
April 11th, 1794. Calvin Coe was the father of Andrew J., the sub- 



580 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ject of this sketch. His mother's maiden name was Harriet Rice. 
Calvin Coe purchased land in the town of Meriden, Conn., and settled 
there. Calvin and Harriet (Rice) Coe were married January 31st, 
1820, and brought up a family of nine children, of whom eight sur- 
vive. Andrew J. was the sixth in order of birth. 

The families of both father and mother were remarkable for lon- 
gevity, five of the father's family having reached an average age of 
about 92 years; and the mother's father having died at the age of 87, 
and her mother at nearly 97. Andrew J.'s father died in December, 
1886, aged nearly 93 years, after a married life of nearly 67 years, and 
his mother, born in May, 1800, still survives. 

Calvin Coe was an enterprising farmer, alert to adopt new methods 
and appliances, to procure improved breeds of animals, and to try 
every promising variety of fruit or other farm product. The first of 
any improved breed of cattle brought to the state were Devons, which 
he and Mr. Hurlbut, of Winchester, bought from the importers. 
Messrs. Coe and Hurlbut went to Baltimore for the purpose of get- 
ting the new breed. The respect shown him by his fellow-townsmen 
may be gathered from the fact that he served many years as first 
selectnjan of the town. 

Harriet Rice Coe, the mother of Andrew J., is still living, and 
though lamed by paralysis on one side, is able to walk and ride out. 
Her memory is somewhat impaired, but though more than 90 years of 
age, she is still a cyclopedia of information upon historical subjects, 
sacred and profane, and upon all matters of local or family history. 
She is also a most competent adviser in practical affairs, and is still 
able to fortify her opinions by very apt quotations from Scripture, 
poetry or other literature, with which her mind is richly stored. She 
is still an infallible speller. 

The Rice family were among the very earliest settlers in Meriden, 
and her father, Hezekiah Rice, was a thorough representative of that 
early type of which Lecky says, "It is probable that no nation ever 
started on its career with a larger proportion of strong characters or a 
higher level of moral conviction than the English colonies in Amer- 
ica." Mrs. Coe's mother, Lydia Stow Rice, was a philosophic and in- 
dependent reasoner upon all subjects, and had the intellectual gifts 
which characterized the wStow family. Early education coinciding 
with the natural bent of her mind, she had to a remarkable degree 
the habit of viewing all questions on both sides in the light of pure 
reason, uninfluenced by prejudice, feeling or interest. Her brother, 
Joshua Stow, commenced an address at their mother's grave by say- 
ing, " Here lies the be.st of mothers. She taught us not so much 
what to think as how to think." This same brother, Joshua Stow, was 
a member of the Connecticut constitutional convention of 1818, and 
was the author of the article in the constitution securing complete 
religious freedom to the inhabitants of the state, thus giving Con- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 581 

necticut the distinction of being the first of the states to provide that 
religions opinions " shall be forever free to all persons." He was also 
the leader of the first party of settlers to the Western Reserve, or New 
Connecticut, of Ohio, overcoming many obstacles, among which was 
the refusal of the commandant of Fort Stanwix (the frontier post, now 
Rome, N. Y.) to let them pass. The commandant feared they would 
make trouble with the Indians; but Mr. Stow met the chiefs at Buffalo 
and secured their permission and friendship. Another brother, Silas 
Stow, presided over the first constitutional convention of New York, 
and his son, Horatio Stow, over the second constitutional convention 
of that state. 

In the girlhood days of Mrs. Harriet Rice Coe, young girls were 
expected to be useful, and she has now a pair of fine linen sheets, the 
linen of which was spun by herself when she was nine years old. But 
such labors, though they may have left less time for frivolous amuse- 
ment, did not apparently interfere with the acquisition of knowledge 
and social cultivation. In her 3'outh she was said to be, by a compe- 
tent observer, " company for young or old." While she acquired the 
manners that belonged to the old school, of dignity and repose, she 
was at the same time ready in conversation and a good listener. The 
foundations of character and womanhood must have been solidly laid 
in early years, for the woman who fulfilled, as well as .she did, the 
duties incident to rearing a family of nine children, besides managing 
the household on a large farm, could give little time to anything else. 

Andrew J. Coe's early education was received in the district school 
in Meriden, and in the academy located where now the Meriden Cor- 
ner school stands. That academy was taught by the life-long friend 
of Mr. Coe, Henry D. Smith, of Plantsville. Mr. Coe has always cher- 
ished profound esteem, in common with the general public, for his 
academic instructor. Full preparation for college was made in a pri- 
vate school in Middletown, and in the year 1851 he entered Wesleyan 
University, and graduated in 1855. 

Upon graduating from the university, he went to the study of law 
in a lawyer's office in Central Iowa. But in the new country malarial 
fever was prevalent, and he was soon prostrated by it. He returned 
to Meriden, when he had sufficiently recovered, and pursued the study 
of law in the office of D. R. Wright. He was admitted to the bar in 
1858. In 1860 he was elected on the republican ticket to the state 
legislature, to represent his own town, and in that legislature served 
on the judiciary committee. At the close of 1860 he removed to Chi- 
cago. But malarial fever again obliged him to return to New Eng- 
land. Upon recovery he went to New York, and for three years prac- 
ticed law in partnership with Wesley Gleason, under the firm name of 
Gleason & Coe. 

But repeated attacks of illness of a malarial type, his system having 
become saturated with the malarial poison, compelled him to abandon 



582 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

indoor occupation, and hence at this period he came again to the old 
homestead and engaged in fruit culture and farming. 

In the year 1867 he again represented Meriden in the state legisla- 
ture. At this session he was made chairman of the finance committee, 
the committee on contested elections, and by request of parties in in- 
terest of the committee, to adjust the court house contest between 
Danbury and Bridgeport. He was also made chairman of the special 
committee appointed in that year to examine the accounts of the 
state treasurer, the other members being Henry Keeney, Alfred E. 
Burr and Robert Buell, all of Hartford. 

At that legislature the city charter of Meriden was granted, and 
by unanimous nomination of the citizens of Meriden of both parties, 
Mr. Coe was appointed the first judge of the city court. This office 
he resigned in 1869, to engage in the fertilizer business with the 
Bradley Fertilizer Company, of Boston. He assumed charge of the 
Southern department of the business, making Charleston, vS. C, his 
headquarters. He remained sixteen years actively engaged in that 
business. He was also one of the parties to found the Cleveland 
Dryer Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, manufacturers of fertilizers. 

Mr. Coe several years ago relinquished all active interest in manu- 
facturing fertilizers, and has since resided upon the homestead farm, 
employing from 15 to 20 farm hands. It has been his ambition to 
apply the teachings of science in agriculture to every department of 
farm work, and for this purpose, as well as for the wider duties of 
society and citizenship, he has made himself a thorough student and 
practitioner of the findings of scholarship and experiment. Many of 
the best books of science, of travel, of scholarly investigation, and 
also the best periodical literature, are found in his library and on his 
tables. He is much interested in education, especially in the common 
schools, for the sake especially of those whose only school advantages 
are had in them. He is a frequent contributor to the pre,ss of the 
day, writing articles on agricultural and educational topics, and dis- 
cussing economic and scientific questions. Occasionally he appears 
on the lecture platform. In politics he was a republican, but since 
the tariff question has been the chief party issue, he has held an in- 
dependent position; believing in the teachings of economic and moral 
science, he is a free trader. He maintains a wide circle of acquaint- 
ance with the best minds, and has many friends among the best in- 
formed of the people. The choice gift of a ready memory makes him 
an interesting conversationalist, and both from books and from 
society his mind is stored with many-sided knowledge. 

The Coe residence is one of the largest and most imposing in the 
suburbs of Meriden. It is built on rising ground, and is therefore 
conspicuous from its location, as well as its proportions. And many 
])ortionsof the farm are visible from its windows. It is built of brown- 
stone, quarried and faced on the farm, and the inside finish is of but- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 58? 

ternut and other woods, also the product of the farm. In this home 
an hour spent with Mr. Coe is made very enjoyable by the courtesies 
of the occasion and by the intelligent drift of the conversation. 

Levi E. Coe was born in Middlefield, Aliddlesex county. Conn., 
June 6th, 1828. Five years later than this date a little boy might have 
been noticed trudging along the highway and across the fields from 
his father's house to the district school of Middlefield, more than a 
mile distant. And only a few years later a "forte" for the last of 
the three " R's" of old-time designation was noticed in him. He took 
to mathematics as to a natural element, and while yet a mere boy 
would tackle and master problems in arithmetic which were far be- 
yond his years. If the .solution should elude his easy grasp, he would 
pursue it with intense eagerness, nor rest in his search until the shy 
fugitive was fully within his grasp. From the common arithmetic he 
advanced quickly to algebra and geometry. 

This mathematical boy was Levi Elmore Coe, the fourth child and 
third son of Levi and Sarah Ward Coe, of Middlefield. Levi E. is the 
eighth generation of the Coe family in this country. The name has 
an honorable place in history, so early as the persecutions of Queen 
Mary of England, in 1555. Then Roger Coe, of Milford, Suflfolkshire, 
suffered martyrdom ; and Fox, the great historian of the martyrs of 
that period, gives a full account of the trial. 

From the Coe family, so distinguished for religious conviction as 
to have a martyr record, descended the first Coe emigrant to this new 
world. In 16^4, April lOth, in the ship "Francis," John Cutting, mas- 
ter, Robert Coe, born in Suffolkshire, England, in 1596, and Anna, 
his wife, born in 1591, with their three sons, sailed from Ipswich. 
The Massachusetts colony had been founded only six years, and in 
June, 1634, the ship " P>ancis " gave up her load to increase the col- 
ony. Robert Coe settled in Watertown, near Boston, and in Septem- 
ber of that year was made a freeman of the colony. 

But stress of circumstance soon made a wider dispersion of the 
Massachusetts freemen desirable, and the council granted permission 
to certain citizens to remove their residence, and found new centers of 
population along the Connecticut. Families from Watertown, New- 
town and Dorchester took their march westward, and the Watertown 
people, among whom was Robert Coe, settled in Wethersfield. But 
Robert did not remain there long. In 1640 he and a fellow-townsman 
purchased for themselves and about twenty other planters Rippo- 
wams, now vStamford, of the New Haven colony, for £33, and com- 
menced a settlement there. Three years later a new court was 
established for the new settlement, and Robert Coe was made assist- 
ant judge. 

The three sons of Robert Coe bore respectively the names of John, 
Robert and Benjamin, and in the line of descent from the second son, 
Robert, there were in successive generations, John, of Stratford, Conn., 



584 HtSTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

who married Mary Hawley ; Joseph, David, Eli, Levi and Levi 
Elmore. 

Joseph, representing the fourth generation in this line of descent, 
married Abigail Robinson and .settled in Durham, Conn.; and one of 
his sons, David Coe, who married Hannah, daughter of Nathan Camp, 
of Durham, took up his residence in Middlefield, on the spot where 
since, his son Eli (Squire Coe) built the house in which he afterward 
lived and died. His wife was Rachel Miller. 

Colonel Levi Coe, son of Eli and father of Levi Elmore, was born 
July 11th, 17SS, and married Sarah Ward, a descendant of the Wards 
and Millers, who were among the early settlers of Middletown, Conn. 
He won his title of colonel by his efficiency in the state militia. His 
farm wa.s located in the western part of Middlefield, and his pride in 
farming and stock raising was equaled only by his pride as a militia 
man. He took an active interest in all town and church affairs, and 
bore an enviable reputation in the community. In politics he was 
a whig until the republican party succeeded to its fame, and with that 
part)' he continued until he died. 

The two older sons of Colonel Levi Coe, Benjamin W. and Alvin 
B., were men of sound judgment, whose word had all the binding 
force of a written obligation upon their consciences. They both 
represented their town in the Connecticut legislature, and held other 
important offices. The sister, Aurelia, married Ichabod Miller, of 
Middlefield. 

The subject of this sketch, Levi E., having in his boyhood days 
formed a fancy for fine stock, continued his interest in agricultural 
pursuits, and connected himself with the Farmers' Club, the Poultry 
Association, and was .secretary of the Meriden Agricultural Society, 
and secretary and treasurer of the Connecticut State Agricultural So- 
ciety. Like most New England farmers' boys, he has been mainly 
dependent upon his own resources. 

When Levi E. became old enough to work on the farm, his sum- 
mers were spent in farm work, and in the winter he went to school. 
No days were so stormy as to prevent him from being promptly pres- 
ent at school. Indeed, he regarded the stormy days as the most val- 
uable of all days in school life, for then only a few would be in 
attendance, and the teacher would devote all the time to the few. In 
this keen appreciation of advantages lay some of the secret of his 
success in study and in life. The mathematical turn of mind, which 
was a gift of nature to him, enabled him to appreciate and estimate 
values, and was developed into a commercial habit for the sake of 
gain. In boyhood he frequently exchanged a boy's pocket possessions 
for those of other boys. His father fostered it still more in the gift 
of sheep, upon the profits of which he was to trade, and then also as a 
producer of values he picked up walnuts under his grandmother's 
trees, placing the proceeds in the savings bank, little thinking that in 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 586 

after years he would fill the chief offices of a great banking institution 
for the savings of the people. 

His education was continued in academies in Middletown and 
Durham and Meriden. At eighteen years of age he began teaching 
school in Middlefield, Conn., boarding around, building his own fires 
and sweeping the school room, at a stipend of twelve dollars a month. 
But he soon rose to a wider field and a larger income. He followed 
teaching in Middlefield and Meriden for seven years, till 1853. 

On Thanksgiving Day of 1851 he married Sophia Fidelia Hall, 
daughter of Harley and Martha Cone Hall, of Middlefield. Harley 
Hall was the son of Comfort, who was the son of Ephraim, who was 
the son of Joseph, who was the son of Thomas, who was the son of 
John, born in England in 1605. This ancestor, John Hall, came to 
Boston in 1633, and was one of the original proprietors of Wallingford, 
Conn., in 1669. 

Mrs. Sophia Hall Coe was born April 6th, 1829. Levi E. purchased 
the Doctor Woodruff property on Broad street, Meriden, in 1852, and 
built a house there, and in the fall of 1853 Mr. and Mrs. Coe moved 
into their new home. Two sons have been born into their family, 
but both of them died young. 

When Mr. Coe was yet only 25 or 26 years of age, he was entrusted 
with the settlement of estates. So wisely were they managed that 
thus early he acquired a marked reputation for handling such trusts. 
During all of the succeeding years he has been one of the ablest and 
most exact appraisers of property in Meriden. He has been an ex- 
tensive dealer m real estate, buying and selling for himself and not on 
commissions for another. He has owned property on more than fifty 
of the streets of Meriden. 

In July of 1854 he was chosen treasurer of the Meriden Savings 
Bank, and he has been connected with the bank ever since, either as 
treasurer, director or president. At the first the assets of the bank 
were only $25,000, but he has seen them increase in amount until now 
they are more than two and one half millions. He is now its 
president, and it is a fact worthy of mention that the bank has never 
lost so much as a dollar by loans on personal, collateral or real estate 
security under his .supervision. 

His political affiliations have been republican. He has served on 
the state central committee, and has been constantly sought out by 
his political confreres for counsel and leadership. In 1867 he was 
appointed clerk of the city court of Meriden, having already been 
trial justice for a number of years; and in the years 1871-2, by appoint- 
ment of the general assembly, he was judge of the city court. In 1877 
he was again elected judge, and by successive reappointments has 
held the office until the present time. Of other positions of trust 
which he has held may be named, town clerk, judge of probate, 
water commissioner, treasurer of Meriden Park Company, director 



586 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

of Meriden National Bank, member of State Board of Agriculture, 
and trustee for town site entries in Oklahoma City. He is one 
of the incorporators of the Curtis Home and of the Meriden Hospital, 
and is identified with several manufacturing and social organizations 
of the city of Meriden. He is also a past master of Meridian Lodge, 
F. & A. M., eminent commander of St. Elmo Commandery, K. T., and 
representative of the Grand Commandery of South Dakota, near the 
Grand Commandery of Connecticut. 

As a boy he was very fond of in-door amusements as well as out- 
door recreations. He has made a study of checkers, chess and whist. 
In the first and last of these he is an expert. He has the opinion that 
whist is the " king of all games," when played by four persons skilled 
in the science of the game. 

By precept and example. Judge Coe has been a steady witness in 
favor of the sterling virtues or graces of economy, punctuality, tem- 
perance, cheerfulness, regularity of habits, contentment and conscien- 
tious discharge of duty. He is firm in his convictions upon all mat- 
ters, whether religious, moral, social or political. He is frank and 
outspoken in his opinions, whether or not they accord with those of 
his associates, and yet he is kindly tolerant of the views of others. 
He is conservative and independent in his actions, so that he is not 
always a follower of popular fashions and reform notions which mag- 
nify one virtue at the expense of others. Of the many cases which 
have come before his court during the seventeen years of his judge- 
ship, he has never been charged with giving a decision to favor one 
or punish another on any ground of favoritism or prejudice. 

Judge Coe was brought up a Congregationalist and Mrs. Coe a 
Methodist, but after removing to Meriden they both became Episco- 
palians. He has been a liberal contributor to St. Andrew's church, of 
which he has been for many 3'ears a vestryman. 

Lemuel Johnson Curtis was born in Meriden, Conn., January 
15th, 1814, and died January 10th, 1888. There is an old book in the 
Curtis home, on Curtis street, Meriden — a book now prized above 
every other in that home, not only for its heavenly wisdom, but its 
tender and long-continued associations. It was a present to Lemuel 
J. Curtis when himself and wife began their married life m Walling- 
ford, hardly a year after their marriage. The tenderness and sacred- 
ness of the memories living now about that old Bible spring chiefly 
out of two facts : First, it was the gift of his father to him in 1836; 
and, second, out of that old Bible :Mr. Curtis read for family worship 
morning and evening, until the day of death came, when, in place of 
the u.sual Scripture le.s.son, his granddaughter, Mrs. Robert S. Morris, 
of Hamilton, Ontario, played and sang a sweet Christian hymn. That 
old book says, " The good-man is not at home, he is gone a long jour-. 
ney." But though "gone a long journey," and never to return again, 
Mr. Curtis lives in Meriden, in the grateful esteem and love of its 
people. 





.^^C-^^ d-^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 58T 

Mr. Curtis, during his young manhood, remained at home with 
his parents, the old residence being only a few rods from the new 
house where his last days were spent. Nothing particularly note- 
worthy happened in his life until his marriage occurred, with Miss 
Bedotha P. Button. Then began to appear the systematic, prudent 
and thrifty course of life which ended only in a rounded fullness and 
perfectness represented by the splendid charity known as "The Curtis 
Home." 

Lemuel J. Curtis was a gentle-natured, conservative, industrious, 
frugal, honest, religious man. All these qualities were blended in 
quite equal but large proportions, so that each one was notably con- 
spicuous. In all business relations and obligations he was exact to a 
cent, and prompt as the ever recurring sun. Although in the later 
years of his life he had abundant means for a showy style, he yet 
maintained much of his early simplicity of tastes, and moved about in 
business and .social circles in entirely unostentatious manner. Noth- 
ing was more beautiful in him than his sensitive regard to other 
people's feelings. He would not hurt them, and the greatest hurt to 
his own feelings would be the hurt of another, if it were supposed 
he had been the author of it. He earnestly strove so to shape his 
own conduct and life as to give no offense whatever to any one in 
anything. And this blameless living grew, no doubt, in part from 
his deep love for the welfare of other people. In illustration of neigh- 
borly love, it is noteworthy that he aided in founding nearly all of 
the principal industries of Meriden. His chief aim in all these busi- 
ness ventures was not money-making, though the accumulation of 
wealth for an object which lay near his heart may have held the 
second place. His chief aim was to help other people to help them- 
selves, and he knew of no way of doing this better than to cooperate 
with other capitalists in the founding of new industries or in the en- 
largement of those already established. He also cherished a generous 
pride in the growth of his native city. 

Mr. Curtis regarded himself noticeably as not the selfish possessor 
of his wealth, but as the steward holding funds in trust, and he was 
under obligations to administer those funds in the ablest, wisest 
manner, to make those he might help both better and happier. 

Bedotha Button Curtis was well chosen to be his companion. There 
was likeness of early training, likeness of tastes and harmony of 
opinions. For many years she kept the home in order with her own 
hands, and in times of great business activity did not shrink from 
giving to the manufactured goods of the husband those finishing 
touches which make them attractive to the purchaser. She was born 
June 9th, 1810, and though now more than 81 years of age and con- 
fined to the rolling chair in which she moves about the hou.se, she yet 
delights in the skilful work of the needle. The rooms of her large 
residence being thrown open, she can go from part to part of the 



588 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

house; and, as she may choose, pop corn at the open grate of the fire, 
or entertain callers to the number of thirtj'-two per day, as she did on 
a late birthday. 

Within a year after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Curtis moved to 
Wallingford, Mr. Curtis engaging in business with Mr. Elton, under 
the style of Curtis & Elton. But they soon returned to Meriden 
again, and Mr. Curtis entered into partnership with I. C. Lewis, and 
began the manufacture of Britannia ware. This partnership con- 
tinued with his life-long friend, Mr. Lewis, only a few years, and was 
dissolved that he might enter upon business for himself alone, or in 
company with his brother, Edwin Curtis. He built a new shop on 
the street bearing his family name and opposite his boyhood home. 
Again this partnership was dissolved, and on May 10th, 1852, he en- 
tered into company with W. W. Lyman for the manufacture of hol- 
low ware. Then, in December, 1852, the Meriden Britannia Company 
was formed, and Mr. Curtis was one of the founders. Here the 
ground-work of his large fortune was laid, and he became able to 
carry out the secret purpose of his heart, to establish a great charity 
for "orphan and destitute children and aged women.'" 

Mr. Ctirtis sprang from a religious family. His father, Elisha 
Curtis, was a churchman from conviction, and held the office of senior 
warden of St. Andrew's parish of Meriden. His brother, Edwin, fol- 
lowed the father in the office, and gave proof of his attachment to the 
church in a legacy of $30,000. Lemuel J. succeeded his brother Edwin 
as senior warden, and held the office as long as he lived. The inter- 
ests of the church lay always very near his heart, and in his death the 
parish of St. Andrews lost a great and beloved friend, whose memory 
loses none of its preciousness as the years go by, and those who knew 
him personally live. 

The golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. L. J. Curtis was observed on 
the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage, Christmas eve, 1885. No 
formal invitations had been issued, but instead a general invitation, 
sent out through the daily paper, that all who cared to come would be 
welcome. And the house was filled with guests who came in esteem 
and love to celebrate the event. Some friends who were present at 
their marriage fifty years before were present that evening, as Mr. 
and Mrs. L C. Lewis and Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Lyman. 

But the good life was drawing on to its close, and sensing the 
coming of the end years before it came, Mr. Curtis began to carry out 
his cherished purpose of charity to the orphan and the aged woman. 
He first whispered his purpose to his pastor. Reverend Giles Deshon, 
rector of St. Andrew's, and sought counsel of him. At a meeting of 
the vestry at the rectory, and before the project of " The Curtis 
Home "had been made public. Doctor Deshon began the announce- 
ment in these words : " I shall never forget ; God has put it into the 
heart of a dear brother to do something for the unfortunate." And 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 589 

then the rector unfolded the proposition of providing a home foraged 
women and orphan children, and said: " The would-be benefactor" 
(without mentioning his name) " desired the vestry to take charge of 
the matter." 

Mr. Curtis built " The Curtis Home," which crowns the brow of 
the elevated parcel of land he had set apart for the purpose in the 
southern edge of the city of Meriden. It "commands a view of beau- 
tifully diversified country to the south and west. The building is 
built of brick, with stone and terra-cotta trimmings, is heated with 
steam, IS furnished with all the modern improvements and can accom- 
modate about sixty inmates." " The Curtis Home " was incorporated 
March 19th, 1885, and put in charge of "a body politic," consisting of 
the " rector, wardens and vestrymen of St. Andrew's parish of Meri- 
den." Mr. Curtis' modesty in the matter was so pronounced that 
when the time came for securing an act of incorporation from the 
Connecticut legislature, it was only after urgent solicitation that he 
consented to have his name used in the corporate title of the institu- 
tion. And with the corporate body is associated a board of managers, 
composed of representatives from the different Christian churches of 
the city of Meriden. His daughter, Miss Celia J. Curtis, was very fit- 
tingly elected president of the board. 

This wide representation is evidence of the tolerant spirit of the 
generous founder. The corporate trust was put into the hands of 
churchmen like the donor himself, for who could know better his 
spirit and will, and who could carry out more effectively the condi- 
tions of the trust than they ? At the same time all the Christian 
churches were called in to manage the great charity, as evincing that 
the heart of the donor embraced all the needy "orphan and destitute 
children and aged women " in its benevolent love. 

The Curtis Home very soon filled up with those for whom it was 
erected; and while he lived Mr. Curtis gave a generous daily support 
to it, and in his will, made in 1876, he provided generously, not only 
for its maintenance at its present size, but for enlargement and 
growth. 

In the founding of this splendid charity, Mr. Curtis had the hearty 
approval of his wife. In his will he made a variety of legacies pro- 
viding abundantly for his nearest kin, donating various sums to cer- 
tain good objects, and then bestowing his residuary estate, of more 
than $400,000, upon the poor, who, the old Bible, which he had so- 
long cherished, declared, should be always present in society. And 
now his memory is reaping the blessing which that old book pro- 
nounced: " Blessed is he that considereth the poor." 

To Mr. and Mrs. Curtis were born two children : Celia J. Curtis, 
the loving companion of her mother, and Mrs. Adelaid A. Parker, who 
died March 13th, 1869. A granddaughter, Mrs. Robert .S. Morris, 
daughter of Mrs. Parker, lives in Hamilton, Ontario. 



590 HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 

The life and labors and charity of Mr. Curtis are a perpetual 
benediction to Meriden. 

Charles Henry Stanley Davis, M. D., Ph. D., was born in 
Goshen, Conn., March 2d, 1840. He is the seventh in direct descent 
from Dolor Davis, who came from Kent, England, in 1634, and was 
one of the first settlers of Barnstable, Mass. Doctor Davis' father was 
a physician who practiced his profession in Litchfield and Plymouth, 
and came to Meriden in 1849. Doctor Davis received his education in 
the pTiblic school?, and was prepared for college under private tutors, 
but owing- to the breaking out of the civil war he gave up the idea of 
entering college and went to New York, and with Charles H. Thomas, 
a well known Oriental scholar, opened a book store, dealing principally 
in philological works. In a back room of this book store the Ameri- 
can Philological Society was organized, with Reverend Doctor Nathan 
Brown, who translated the Bible into Assamese, and was afterward 
■engaged in translating the Bible into Japanese, as president, and 
Doctor Davis as corresponding seci-etary. Doctor Davis soon sold out 
his interest in the book store and began the study of medicine, under 
Doctor William T. Baker, and entered the Bellevue Hospital Medical 
School. After a course at Bellevue he entered the medical department 
■of the New York University, and when he graduated received not 
only his diploma, but a certificate of honor signed by Doctors Valen- 
tine Mott, John W. Draper and the rest of the faculty, in testimony of 
having passed one of the best examinations, and having pursued a 
fuller course of study than is usually followed by medical students. 
After graduatingf. Doctor Davis attended a course of lectures at the 
University of Maryland, and another at the Harvard Medical School. 
In 1865 he succeeded his father in business, and soon built up a large 
and lucrative practice. In 1872 he went abroad for travel and study, 
remaining some eight months, visiting nearly all the countries in 
Europe. More recently he crossed this continent by way of Arizona 
and New Mexico, sailed up the coast a thou.sand miles, and returned 
by way of Puget Sound and the northern states. In 1870, Doctor Davis 
published a history of Wallingford and Meriden, a work of a thousand 
pages, and very complete in the genealogies of old Wallingford and 
Meriden families. He has also written " The Voice as a Musical In- 
strument," published by ( )liver Ditson & Co., and which has had a very 
large sale; a work "On the Classification and Education of the Feeble- 
Minded, Imbecile and Idiotic," which has become authority on the 
subject. For four years Doctor Davis edited the " Index to Periodi- 
cal Literature," for the American News Company, and also edited the 
first volume of the " Boston Medical Register." He has contributed 
largely to the medical and scientific press; many of his articles on the 
education of feeble-minded children were tran.slated in the Spanish 
language and published in El Rcpcrtorio Medico. For over thirty years 
Doctor Davis has been a diligent student of Oriental languages and 



HISTORY 0F NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 591 

literature. He has acquired considerable knowledge of Hebrew, Ar- 
abic, Assyrian and Egyptian, besides being a good French scholar. 
For four years he has edited Biblia, a journal devoted to Oriental 
Archaeology, and the organ in this country of the Egypt and Palestine 
Exploration Funds. This journal is the organ of Egyptologists in this 
country, and has quite a large circulation in Europe. Doctor Davis was 
•one of the founders of the Meriden Scientific Association, has always 
been director of its section of Archaeology and Ethnology, from the 
first its recording and corresponding secretary, a position which is no 
sinecure, as the association exchanges its transactions with over four 
-hundred American and foreign societies. Doctor Davis has been a 
member of the school board some twenty years, was acting school 
visitor five years and was chairman of its board six years, and has 
been a member of the high school committee nine years, and was for 
some time chairman of the committee. He is also secretary of the 
board of trustees of the State Reform school. While never greatly 
interested in politics, he has filled most of the offices in the gift of his 
townsmen. He was sent to the legislature in 1873, the first demo- 
•cratic representative that Meriden had sent in twenty years. At this 
session he served as chairman of the committee on education. In 
1885 he served as clerk on the same committee, and in 1886 he served 
on committees on insurance and constitutional amendment. In ISS.'i he 
was nominated as judge of probate for the Meriden district, but declined 
In 1886 he received the nomination for state senator for the 
Sixth senatorial district, but was defeated by 33 votes, although in 
Meriden he ran 200 ahead of the opposing candidate. In 1886 he was 
elected mayor of the city by a large majority, was reelected in 1887, 
and declined the nomination in 1888. Doctor Davis is a member of 
St. Elmo Commandery of Knights Templars, is a 32d degree Mason, 
and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine; an Odd Fellow, member of the 
Knights of Pythias, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Forest- 
ers, and some dozen other benevolent and protective orders. He is 
also a member of the Society d' Anthropologie of Paris, the Society of 
Biblical Archaeology of London, the Royal Archaeological In.stitute of 
Great Britain, the International Congress of Orientalists, American 
Association for the Advancement of Science, American Ethnological 
-Society, honorary member of the Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Wiscon- 
sin, Buffalo, Chicago and Minnesota Historical vSocieties, one of the 
honorary secretaries for the United States of the Egypt Exploration 
Fund, and is a member of a number of other medical, literary and 
scientific societies. Doctor Davis is at present engaged with a well 
known Egyptologist in preparing for publication a work entitled 
" Egypt and its Monuments, Illustrative and Descriptive," to contain 
over one thousand photogravures. Doctor Davis' professional work 
occupies his time from twelve to fourteen hours a day. All of his 
other work is simply a relaxation from the laborious duties of a busy 
physician. 



592 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

vSeth J. Hall, a descendant of John Hall, who was born in Eng- 
land in 1605, and who died in Wallingford, Conn., in 1676, was born 
in Middletown, Westfield Society, September 4th, 1829. He was edu- 
cated in public and private schools. At an early age he began teach- 
ing, and for nine years was a succe.ssful teacher. Until he was twenty 
years old he worked on a farm during the summer vacations, and then 
he came to Meriden and entered the hardware and crockery store of 
H. W. Curtis, as bookkeeper and salesman, where he remained 
until 1861. He then started in the flour, grain and feed business, and 
five years later he formed a partnership with Isaac C. and Jared 
Lewis, under the firm name of I. C. Lewis & Co., which continued for 
about two years and a half, when the partnership was dissolved, and 
since then Mr. Hall has conducted the business himself, adding coal 
a few years since. By strict attention to business and honest dealing 
with every one. Mr. Hall has become one of the largest and most .suc- 
ce.ssful dealers in Meriden, and his reputation in business circles is of 
the highest. 

While he has never sought office, he has never refused when re- 
quested by his fellow-townsmen to serve them. He has been a mem- 
ber of the city council, selectman four years, chairman of the board of 
relief two terms, justice of the peace several years, treasurer and trus- 
tee of Meriden City Hospital, trea.surer and trustee of the Young 
Men's Christian Association, also serving on the building committee 
and board of managers. Mr. Hall served as one of the directors 
of the Middlesex County Bank several years, when he resigned. 
He has been with the Meriden City Savings Bank since its organiza- 
tion, serving as director and loaning committee. Mr. Hall has been 
identified with church and educational matters, serving in various 
capacities. He is one of the trustees of the State Reform School. In 
1890 he was elected senator for the Sixth senatorial district by a large 
majority. 

Mr. Hall married Lois, daughter of Silas and Esther (Buel) Blakes- 
lee, of Wallingford, and has four children. 

Georce E. Howe was born in Livonia, Livingston county, N. Y., 
May 31st, 1825. At the age of 14 years his parents removed to Ohio, 
where he received an academic education at the Western Reserve 
Seminary. He commenced teaching in the common schools at an 
early age. Soon his teaching and executive ability were recognized, 
and he was chosen principal of the Pamesville Academy, and still later 
was made superintendent of the public or Union schools of Painesville. 
This position he held six years. 

In the year 1859 a superintendent was needed for the Ohio Reform 
School, located at Lancaster, and Ohio's honored governor, Salmon P. 
Chase, saw in Mr. Howe the qualifications for the responsible position, 
appointed him to it, and the state .senate confirmed the appointment. 
Mr. Howe has always cherished reverence and fondness for the mem- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 503 

ory of his great friend ; first of all because of the great virtues and 
ability of Governor Chase, and then for the unfailing and hearty co- 
operation the governor rendered in the application of the " family 
system " to reformatories. 

This is an important date, for in this appointment a new era in the 
management of reformatory institutions in all the land was ushered 
in. The change is indicated by the difference in signification of the 
terms "prison system " and " family .system." Hitherto the reform 
schools of the country were mere prisons, where the medieval meth- 
ods of discipline were in vogue. They were harsh and brute-like, as 
though animal force could yield a harvest of virtue. As late as 1872, 
when Mr. Howe visited the prisons of London, as at Cold Bath Fields, 
where 1,600 prisoners were confined, he found the tread-wheel and 
the whipping block to be the sine qua non of penal and reformatory dis- 
cipline. Or, if not the.se relics of barbarism, the exhausting labor of 
the "Red Hill" Reformatory was resorted to, where 300 boys were 
made to cultivate 30() acres of land with the .spade and hoe, no plows 
being used. But under Mr. Howe's administration of 20 years at 
Lancaster, the family system was substituted for the prison system. 
The discipline of the institution at once became comparatively easy, 
the morale was elevated, and so efficiently did the new system work, 
that the institution soon became the pride of the state as a reform- 
atory for boys of vicious habits or stubborn, incorrigible natures. So 
often the evil bent of the boy's nature is due to the imbruted conditions 
in which he has been brought up, that these cannot be changed, nor 
can he be reformed in them, only as he is taken out of them, and put 
under a government resembling that of the be.st Chri.stian families. 
Then will the better side of the boy's nature be developed. Mr. 
Howe has the satisfaction of .seeing the far-reaching results of the 
family system in reformatories. If the first ten boys received into 
the Lancaster Reformatory be taken as illustrations of those far- 
reaching results, it may be observed that one went through college 
with honors, two became prominent lawyers, and the others made 
good citizens. 

What, then, is the family system ? Reference is given to a paper 
prepared by Mr. Howe and read by invitation before the National 
Conference of Charities and Correction, at Cleveland, Ohio, June 30th, 
1880, and published in the 29th annual report of the board of trustees 
of the Connecticut State Reform School at Meriden, Conn. In brief, 
the family system is what the name signifies. It is the creation of a 
pure, fine, well-ordered Christian family life for boys who have never 
been under such family government; and for this purpose there is 
the external form, and the internal spirit and management. The ex- 
ternal form consists in the classification of boys according to age and 
temperament, and the placing of them in well built cottages, which 
are free from the suggestions of a prison. These cottages are fur- 
37 



594 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 



nished like a well ordered home, and are presided over by a Christian 
gentleman and lady, who, as husband and wife, hold the relation of 
.father and mother toward the youth of the household. Each family 
is made distinct in its management, but is united with every other, 
tinder one central head, " every family having its own school room, 
dining room, dormitory and play ground," while yet there is one con- 
gregate department where all assemble, presided over in person by 
the superintendent of the institution. 

The government of the institution, and of each family, is made 
parental, administered in the spirit of love and confidence. Kindness, 
honor and mutual trust are made the underlying forces of govern- 
ment. Physical coercion is iised only in extreme and incorrigible 
cases, and this, when used, is tempered by the humanizing spirit and 
genius of the best Christian family life. 

This system has now so commended itself to the regard of the civil 
authorities in many states, who have jurisdiction over criminal and 
truant youths, that it has spread from Lancaster into other states. 
Indiana was one of the first to follow Ohio, and then the system spread 
, to New Jersey, to Connecticut, to the District of Columbia, to Penn- 
sylvania, Michigan, Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Mr. Howe had 
much to do with the establishment of the system in all these states, 
being appealed to for counsel in the construction of buildings and in 
the general management. He has furnished plans for the adoption 
of the system in many .states, and has been sought out by committees 
from states so far away even as Oregon and California. 

While holding this position at Lancaster, Ohio, Mr. Howe was in- 
vited, in 1870, to describe the sj'.stem before the National Prison Re- 
form Congress in Cincinnati, and received the hearty approval of the 
congress, since the system, when once outlined, commends itself to 
the enlightened judgment of thinking men. In 1872 he attended the 
International Prison Congress in London, England, and was granted 
by common consent of the congress, three sessions of twenty minutes 
each, to speak of the family sy,stem applied to reformatories for youth, 
of its workings, and its results. Hearty applause was given, indicative 
of the strong and general sympathy awakened for the system. Mr. 
Howe prolonged his journey in the Old World, visiting the principal 
cities and noted places of the continent, and notably the celebrated 
reformatory near Hamburg, the Raii/ic Hans, at Horn, Germany, 
founded by Doctor Wichern, and the military bchcfol at Mettray, 
France. The family system now so prevalent in this country is essen- 
tially that of Doctor Wichern of Germany. Mr. Howe was the first to 
give it naturalization and thrift in this country. While in Europe he 
had conferences with Doctor Wicken, also with Colonel DeMetz, 
founders of the colony at Mettray, France. 

In the year 1878 Mr. Howe was formally invited by the board of 
trustees of the Connecticut State Reform vSchool, located at Meriden, 





£^o, 



-t' 5---, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 595 

Conn., to take charge of that institution. He accepted the invitation, 
and on the 23d day of April assumed the responsibilities of superin- 
tendent, with the understanding' that the family system should take 
the place of the old regime. Improvement first appeared in the tetter 
dining room and the better food provided for the boys. The follow- 
ing winter the legislature granted an appropriation for the erection of 
a cottage and a chapel, seating 500 boys. This was the beginning of 
a new era for the school. About two years later two more cottages 
were built, and later still two more were added, making five cottages 
in all. The cottages were built to the right and to the left of the 
congregate department, and each cottage accommodates about fifty 
boys. 

So popular has the reform school of Meriden become that not only 
are appropriations from the legislature easily obtained, but judges 
throughout the state, when having criminal or truant boys to sen- 
tence, do not hesitate to send them to the reform school of Meriden, 
where the genial, elevating family system of government develops 
whatever of virtue and manliness is possible in a wayward boy. 

Since the 14th of ]\Iarch, 1847, Mr. Howe has had the cooperation 
and counsel of his excellent wife, for on that date he was married to 
Frances Milliken, who has been the equal partner of his plans and his 
successes. To them have been born three sons and a daughter : G. 
Worth, bookkeeper of the reform school; Frank M., principal of Elm- 
wood school for boys, Milford, Conn.; Charles C, superintendent of 
mica mines, at Bristol, N. H.; and Mrs. Clara F. Warner, Coldwater, 
Mich. 

Mr. Howe is one of the foremost citizens of Meriden, taking con- 
siderable interest in the general growth and welfare of the city; and 
the people of Meriden appreciate his residence among them, for they 
consider that his administration of the reform school has made it a 
great honor to the town and state. 

Emily J. Leonard.* — Of the women of Connecticut none, perhaps, 
deserve wider recognition and honor for their intellectual attainments 
and their moral worth, than the late Miss Emily J. Leonard, who died 
in 1884. The daughter of Jonathan Leonard, Jr., and Eliza E. Hodges, 
she was born in the family homestead in the town of Meriden, August 
21st, 1837, and was a direct descendant of James Leonard, of Taun- 
ton, Mass., who came from England to America early in 1600. 

At ten j^ears of age she entered the Young Ladies' Collegiate In- 
stitute, at New Haven, and at twelve had won prizes for excellence in 
algebra, trigonometry, Latin, Greek and English composition. Sub- 
sequently she attended a boarding school at Middletown, and spent 
some time at the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary. Between the 
years 1856 and 1861 she taught in Boonesboro and Lyons, Iowa, and at 
Greenville and Meriden, Conn.; becoming, on September 1st of the 

* By Miss Georgia Louise Leonard. 



596 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

latter year, assistant principal of the high school at Medford, Mass. 
Professor Cummings, the principal, considered her the most finished 
lady scholar he ever had teaching under him. While studying French 
with Professor BochCr, of Harvard, she undertook with him the prep- 
aration of the American edition of Otto's French Grammar, of which 
the success has been so great, and herself accomplished the larger 
share of the labor required. The period spent at Medford embraced 
the eventful years of the civil war, when Miss Leonard's ardent pat- 
riotism found expression in the offer of her services as a hospital 
nurse, which, however, were not then needed. Finding Medford in- 
jurious to her health, she resigned her position in 1866, and became 
preceptress at Oneida Seminary, Oneida, N. Y., remaining there until 
July, 1867, when she accepted a better opening in the high school at 
Worcester, Mass., where her proficiency in French was especially 
commended. Desiring a school of her own, she took advantage of a 
favorable opportunity at Winetka, near Chicago, and left Worcester 
in February, 1870. Three years later she returned east, and became 
teacher of French and German at Maplewood Institute, Pittsfield, 
Mass., and in the autumn of 1874 started a private classical school in 
Meriden. 

Interested in the Harvard examinations for women, she passed the 
"preliminary" examination, and in 1877, in the course of her study, 
took up the subject of political economy, and, by request, prepared a 
paper thereon, for presentation before the Woman's Congress, to be 
held in Cleveland in the fall. This paper, " What is Money?" met 
with si:ch wide endorsement that it became the turning point in her 
life and work, and led to the abandonment of teaching and the devo- 
tion of her talents to the broader field of literary effort. While pre- 
paring for the higher of the Harvard examinations — afterward passed 
with credit — she was fascinated by the wealth of information and 
charming style of a History of Political Economy in Europe, by Jer- 
ome Adolphe Blanqui, a professor in the College of France, and 
shortly thereafter began its translation into English. This work, 
completed in 1880, was enriched with copious notes and references of 
her own, and elicited the highest encomiums from many competent 
critics. It has been eagerly sought for libraries, and is now used as a 
text book in various schools and colleges. The skill and fidelity with 
■which this difficult task had been performed attracted the attention of 
John J. Lalor, of Chicago, who was preparing a Cyclopaedia of Political 
Economy, and in 1881 he engaged Miss Leonard to ti'anslate for his 
volumes, and later to edit them, and annotate the articles by English 
economists. 

Of Miss Leonard's lectures and essays there were: " Political Econ- 
omy," " The Function of Issuing Notes: Considered with Reference 
to the National Banks," which commanded much attention; " Blue 
Laws," "Church and vState in Connecticut," " Labor Not the Cause of 




£1^^1)7 HE Hairs Sons WcwTSfk 




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HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 597 

Value." etc., etc. Other papers, including the " Definition of Botani- 
cal Terms," " Pollenand the Means by which it is Distributed," "Cir- 
cumnutation," "Stomata and Their Functions," " Dimorphic and Tri- 
morphic Heterostyled Plants," " Nutrition of Plants," and " Myths and 
Myth-Makers," were given before the Meriden Scientific Association, 
of which she was one of the chief organizers and promoters. While 
director of its botanical department, she prepared a " Catalogue of 
the Phasnogamous and Vascular Cryptogamous Plants Found Grow- 
ing in Meriden," and at the time of her death had collected, analyzed, 
pressed and mounted 749 distinct species. 

Miss Leonard's active mind and philanthropic heart were keenly 
alive to the leading questions of the day, and her pen touched them 
nearly all in a variety of articles, long and short. In no cause did she 
feel a deeper interest than in that of woman's advancement; and, as a 
member both of the National and American Woman Suffrage Asso- 
ciations, she was one of the most earnest and efficient advocates of the 
political enfranchisement of her sex. She was also a prominent 
worker in the Association for the Advancement of Women. 

The spring of 1884 was full of activity, until her fatal illness began 
on June 14th. For a month she lingered, full of longing to continue 
her labors, and when, on July 16th, she died of enlargement of the 
heart, there was left but the memory of one of those rare natures 
which make the world wiser and better for their having lived in it. 
The funeral services, which were very simple, were conducted at her 
mother's house, by the Reverend Doctor Chapin, pastor of the Univer- 
salist church, and president of the Meriden Scientific Association, 
assisted by Mrs. Isabella Beecher Hooker, who made a most appropri- 
ate and feeling address. Commendatory resolutions were passed by 
the Scientific Association, which held, on September 8th, a special 
memorial meeting, when addresses, recalling the thoroughness, 
amount and value of her work, together with her womanl)' qualities, 
were presented by its different members. 

In Miss Leonard's untimely death there was lost to the world a 
strong, earnest, active and useful life. Gifted beyond most women, 
she yet sank her.self in the one desire to add to the welfare and hap- 
piness of others. An indefatigable worker, she had accomplished 
herself in many directions, and was not only a thorough classical 
scholar, but spoke Frehch and German fluently, read Italian and 
Spanish, was one of the most expert botanists in the country, could 
perform upon several musical instruments, and sing, draw and paint. 

Painstaking and careful to the smallest particular, much of the 
great value of her labor was due to this precision of method. Con- 
scientiousness was the governing principle of her life, and a love of 
truth, inherited from her Quaker ancestors, forced her outside the 
beaten paths into those broader fields of investigation, where philos- 
ophy and science subordinated the ideal to the practical, the abstract 



59S HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

to the concrete and demonstrable. She could not accept tradition for 
reason ; authority for fact. The works of Mill, Darwin, Huxley, 
Spencer and others, gave her insight into material causes, and so pre- 
.sented and emphasized the theory of evolution as to leave it, in her 
opinion, without successful refutation. For her the world of matter 
and motion — the concrete universe — became the sensible and the 
real, and life but their necessary expression; hence she grew away 
from churches and dogmas, and ceased to concern herself with that 
which could not be proved by physical methods and the formulas of 
science. While never denying a future existence, she thought we had 
no data upon which to base belief. Right life, she considered the 
truest, noblest incentive to human effort. Happy in doing good, she 
toiled for principle, as few labor for fame. Braving the cen.sure of 
the world in defense of what she thought right, she courageously 
avowed her opinions, no matter how unpopular, and yielded her con- 
victions only when shown their falsity or error. Her mind, singularly 
open and ingenuous, had no bias to prevent a just judgment of per- 
sons, of theories, or of arguments. She possessed a breadth of com- 
prehension, an intellectual vigor, and a mental grasp rarely equalled. 
Modest and unassuming, with wide culture, an amiable and buoyant 
disposition, refined and gentle manners, and a heart stirred to deep 
and generous sympathies and lofty aspirations, she united all the 
essentials of an exalted womanhood. Looking for no reward .save the 
approval of her own conscience, forgetful of self, the self she created 
has outlived her personality in the hearts of those she inspired to 
greater ends and aims. Enshrined in their memory she lingers 

" Like the sweet presence of a good diffused." 

As a torch in the night her noble example shines yet in the world 
of ideas and of deeds, to stimulate other minds to the same high pur- 
pose, the same untiring zeal, the same mighty effort for the simple 
good of humankind. 

Saxton Bailey Little is a descendant of the seventh generation 
from Thomas Little, who came from Devonshire, England, to Ply- 
mouth, ]\Ia.ss., in 1630. He was a man of influence and a lawyer. A 
copy of the family coat of arms is still preserved at the old home- 
stead in Marshfield, Mass. His ancestral mother was Ann Warren, 
whose father, Richard Warren, came in the " Mayflower." His wife 
and five daughters came in the " Fortune " in 1623. They were 
married in Plymouth in 1633. In 1650 Thomas Little removed to 
Littletown, now called Sea View, in East Marshfield, Mass. He 
"took up" several hundred acres of land, bordering on the ocean, 
and his descendants still occupy the old homestead. Their children 
were: Thomas, vSamuel, Ephraim, Isaac, Hannah, Mercy, Ruth and 
Patience. He died March 12th, 1671. 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 599 

Of the second generation, Ephraim, the third son of Thomas, born 
in 1650, married Mary Sturvetant. He died in 1717, aged 67. Their 
children were: Ephraim, Ruth, David, John, Ann and Mary. 

John Little, Esq., of the third generation, was a magistrate, a large 
land-holder, and had several negro slaves. He was the third son of 
Ephraim, born in East Marshfield in 1681. He married Constant 
Forbes, of Little Compton, R. I. He died in 1767, aged 86. He gave 
to each of his six sons a farm, as follows: To Fobes Little, a farm in 
Little Compton, R. L; to John Little, a farm in Lebanon Crank, now 
Columbia, Conn.; to William Little, a farm in the south part of Leba- 
non, Conn.: Ephraim, Thomas and Samuel each received a farm in 
Marshfield, Mass. To each of his daughters, Anna (Little) White and 
Ruth (Little) Oakman, he gave, with other personal estate, a negro 
woman. 

John Little, third son of the above, and of the fourth generation, 
came to Columbia, then called Lebanon Crank, in 1741. Born in 1714, 
he married Mary Simpson about 1740. He died December 17th, 1798, 
aged 84. Mary, his wife, died February 22d, 1810. aged 88. They are 
buried in the old cemetery in Columbia, Conn. Their children were: 
Gamaliel, baptized 1742; Otis, baptized 1744; Consider, baptized 1746; 
Mary, baptized 1748; John, baptized 1750; Elizabeth, baptized 1752; 
Priscilla, baptized 1754; Faith, baptized 1756; Charles, baptized 1761. 
Gamaliel, Consider and John settled in Columbia, Conn., and from 
them are descended all of the name of Little in that vicinity. 

Consider Little, third son of John Little and the fifth generation 
from Thomas, was born in 1746, and married Rebecca Buckingham in 
1773. She was a descendant of Thomas Buckingham, who settled in 
Milford, Conn., in 1689. He died August 3d, 1831, aged 85. His 
wife, Rebecca, born May 13th, 1751, died October 25th, 1825, aged 75. 
Iheir children were: Samuel, born August 17th, 1774, died September 
22d, 1853; Mary, born February 28th, 1776, died August 28th, 1853; 
Sarah, born December 29th, 1777. died July 25th, 1853; Rebecca, born 
June 17th, 1779 ; Fanny, born March 3d, 1781, died September 13th, 
1794; Levi, born December 1st, 1783, died 1854; George, born March 
25th, 1788, died April 5th, 1864; Lydia, born March 20th, 1791, died 
June 29th, 1807. 

Samuel Little, son of Consider, and one of the sixth generation 
from Thomas, was born in Columbia, Conn., August 18th, 1774, and 
married, first, Lavinia Richardson, in 1801. Their children were; 
Lavinia, born May 11th, 1802, died May 24th, 1807; Samuel, born May 
6th, 1804, died February 9th, 1876; Anson, born June 20th, 1806. Sam- 
uel Little married, second, Jerusha Bailey, June 23d, 1808. She was 
born April 9th, 1781, and died November 3d, 1857. Their children 
were: Emily, born April 27th, 1809, died June 14th, 1830; Saxton 
Bailey, born April 19th, 1813; William Buckingham, born June 6th, 
1815; Charles, born September 26th, 1818. 



600 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The seventh generation, Samuel Little. Jr., married, first. Amy 
Pineo, December 29th, 1829, and, second, Clarissa Pineo, May, 1840. 
Their children are: James Pineo, born March 2d, 1881, died October 
12th, 1883; Emily Jerusha, born August 2Sth, 1882; James Pineo, born 
December 15th, 1841. 

Anson Little married Eliza Ann Wells, vSeptember 17th, 1833. She 
died January .5th, 1882. Their children are: John Wells, born May 
12th, 1839; and George Anson, born April 2d, 1845, died February 7th, 
1862. 

Saxton Bailey Little, third son of Samuel Little, married Sarah 
Maria Tracy, August 19th, 1836. She was born October 13th, 1813, 
and died December 31st, 1844, aged 31, leaving two sons: Charles L. 
and Frank Eugene. The former is a well known builder and con- 
tractor in Meriden, Conn. The latter is post office inspector. Both 
were in the Union army. Frank served four years; first in the 15th 
Connecticut and then in the l()7th colored regiment, and was breveted 
major. 

William B. Little, fourth son of Samuel Little, married Harriet 
Palmer, of Vernon, Conn., May 19th, 1841. Their children are: 
Myron Winslow, born October 11th, 1842, married Emily Wright; 
Elliott Palmer, born July 3d, 1844, died June 31st, 1855; Anna Maria, 
born June 23d, 1846, died October 25th, 1855; Hubert, born November 
14th. 1848; Alonzo, born April 17th, 1851; Elbert Cornelius, born Octo- 
ber 24th, 1853; Pre-scott Palmer, born September 16th. 1856; and Pay- 
son Elliott, born August 81st, 18.59. 

Reverend Charles Little, fifth son of vSamuel, born September 26th, 
1818. graduated at Yale College in 1844, and went as a missionary to 
Madura, India, in 1847. He married, first, Amelia Newton, Septem- 
ber, 1847. She died in Madura, July 18th, 1848, aged 25. He mar- 
ried, second, Susan Robbins, September, 1853. She died in Lincoln, 
Neb., September, 1878. Their children are: Samuel Robbins, born in 
Madura, India, vSeptember 21st, 1855, died in California in 1889; Charles 
Newton, born in Madura, India, May 19th, 1858; and Elizabeth, born 
in Cheshire, Conn., January 12th, 1862. 

Charles L. Little, son of Saxton B. Little and of the eighth genera- 
tion from Thomas Little, born in Columbia, Conn, July 16th, 1839, 
married Genevieve M. Stiles, of Suffield, Conn., April 23d, 1862. Their 
children are: Sallie Maria, born March 3d, 1863; Frank Allen, born 
April 3()th, 1864; Arthur Edgerton, born March 19th, 1866; Edward 
Baxter, born October 26th, 1867; Isabella Annette, born March 19th, 
1869; and Clara Elvira, born March 19th, 1878. 

Frank P^ugene Little, son of Saxton B. Little, born in Columbia, 
Conn., April 28th, 1844, married Jennie Coan, January 28th, 1868. 
Their children are: Mabel Jennie, born October 2d, 1870; Lena Coan, 
born October 9th, 1876; Charles Eugene, born July 31st, 1878; Ernest 
Butler, born January 30th, 1880. 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. GUI 

Saxton B. Little received his education in the common schools, 
supplemented by some instruction in Tolland, East Hartford and 
Bacon academies. Beginning to teach .school at the age of si.xteen, he 
taught fifteen winters, " boarding round," as was the custom sixty 
years ago. He taught one year in Bacon Academy, Colchester, Conn., 
two and a half years in Willimantic and three years in Greenville, 
Conn. In 18.50 he removed to Rockville and remained there nearly 
four years, which completed his service in the public schools. In 
April, 1854, he was appointed assistant superintendent and teacher in 
the Connecticut Reform School in Meriden, Conn., and upon the death 
of the lamented Doctor E. W. Hatch, P'ebruary 7th, 1874, was ap- 
pointed acting superintendent. He closed his connection with the 
institution July 31st. 187."), after a continuous service of twenty-one 
years and four months. The trustees of the school, in their report to 
the general assembly in 1874, speaking of Mr. Little, said: "We should 
fail in our duty if we did not signify to you our high appreciation of 
the well applied and faithful services of this officer these many years, 
and to testify that his labors in the position of assistant superintend- 
ent and teacher have contributed largely to the marked success of the 
school." Since he left this school he has made the tour of Europe, 
going as far as Naples and Pompeii. He has traveled extensively in 
the United States and Canada, visiting all the large cities in 87 states, 
including Florida, Southern and Central California, Yosemite Valley, 
New Orleans Exposition, Yellowstone Park, Luray and Mammoth 
Caves, etc. 

Mr. Little has filled many public offices in Meriden. He has been 
a member of the common council, of the high school committee, a trus- 
tee of the Young Men's Christian Association, and has been for many 
years school district committee. He is a republican, and a member of 
the First Congregational church in Meriden. He is a great lover of 
books, and has been an efficient helper in establishing a free public 
library in Columbia, Conn., his old home. He gave to it $1,500 as a 
permanent fund, the interest only to be used, for the purchase of 
books and to keep the building in repair. He has also given to the 
library a thousand volumes of books. He is one who believes that it 
is wise to give to public objects of charity while living, leaving no 
chance for one's heirs to question his sanity or thwart his wishes. He 
is regular in his habits, never using alcoholic drinks nor tobacco. 

William Worcester Lyman, son of Andrew and Anna (Hall) 
Lyman, was born in Woodford, Vt., March 29th,, 1821. In 1838 his 
parents removed to Middlefield, Conn., where his father died in the 
following spring, and William was .sent to Northford, 'Conn., where he 
was employed for five years on a farm. After residing in Wallingford 
about one year, he removed to Meriden in 1836, and entered the em- 
ploy of Griswold & Couch, one of the olde.st and most extensive man- 
ufacturers of Britannia goods at that time in this country, employing 



602 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

some fifteen hands. Here he served an apprenticeship of five years 
and the trade being very dull, he remained idle for about eighteen 
months. In 1844 he began business on his own account, in the old 
shop where he learned his trade, the motive power being an old blind 
horse. The shop stood a few rods north of his pi^esent residence. 
After about a year he formed a partnership with William H. Bull, 
under the firm name of Bull & Lyman. He soon bought out Mr. Bull's 
interest, and not long after, in May, 18o2, he formed a partnership 
with the late Lemuel J. Curtis, vtnder the name of Ciirtis & Lyman. 
The works were removed to the Twiss factory in Prattsville, where 
they remained until the Meriden Britannia Company was organized, 
when they both became members of that company. In December, 
1858, Mr. Lyman patented a jar, which is known throughout the coun- 
try as "the Lyman Fruit Jar." He spent several thousand dollars in 
perfecting this jar, and was the first one to publish directions for pre- 
serving fruit by this method. From this small beginning the busi- 
ness of manufacturing fruit jars has grown to amount to millions of 
dollars. He also patented an ice pitcher and numerous other articles. 

Mr. Lyman has held many positions of trust, having represented 
Meriden in the legislature in 1859, 1880 and 1881, and has also 
served as alderman and councilman. He has been a member and di- 
rector of the Meriden Britannia Company since its organization, some 
35 years. He has held the office of president of the Meriden Cutlery 
Company, and is now one of the directors. He is now and has been 
for a number of years a director of the Rogers & Brothers Company, 
of Waterbury; has been president of the Meriden Cemetery Associa- 
tion, is a director of the Wilcox & White Organ Company, Chapman 
Manufacturing Company, Meriden Saddlery and Leather Company, 
Meriden National Bank, director and secretary of the Butler & Lyman 
Land Company, and now vice-president of the City Savings Bank. In 
September, 1844, Mr. Lyman married Roxanna Frary, the adopted 
daughter of her uncle, Ashbel Griswold, and has one daughter, who 
married Henry Warren, of Watertown, Conn. Mr. Lyman built a 
fine residence near the scene of his early labors, and through his en- 
terprise a number of fine residences have been erected in the vicinity, 
and it has become one of the finest parts of the city. 

Edward Baldwin Manning, son of Thaddeus and Esther (Rich- 
ards) Manning, was born in Middletown, Conn., January 21st, 1834. 
He is a descendant of William Manning, who was in Cambridge, 
Mass,, in 1634. A son of William was selectman for several years, 
and was sent to England on business for the Plymouth colony. Ed- 
ward Manning* received his education in the schools of his native 
town, and at an early age his father took him into his factory to learn 
the Ijritannia trade. After .serving his time and becoming thoroughly 
familiar with the business, he formed a corporation under the name 
of Manning, Bowman & Co., and was appointed treasurer of the com- 



,-r\- 




x^^^. 




HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 603 

pany, he being then in his 26th year. The firm manufactured Britan- 
nia ware and planished tin goods. On account of better facilities and 
inducements offered by Meriden parties, the firm removed to Meriden 
in ]872, occupying the vacant factory of Parker & Caspar Co., on 
Pratt street. Mr. Manning was then appointed president of the com- 
pany, which office he has since held. The factory plant has been very 
much increased, until now the whole block bounded by Pratt, Catlin 
and Miller streets is occupied by the buildings of the company. The 
firm now manufacture granite iron and pearl agate ware, nickel sil- 
ver, Britannia, copper and planished goods. Their goods are sold not 
only in the United States, but a large trade is done in South America 
and Australia. The factories of the company are as well arranged as 
any in Meriden, and the plant is a credit to the city. 

The interests of the Manning & Bowman Company have always 
absorbed so much of Mr. Manning's time that he has been averse to 
holding public office. While in Middletown he was a member of the 
city council for two years. In 1886 and 1887 he served as alderman, 
the last year being chairman of the water and sewer committees. He 
declined a reelection the third term. Mr. Manning has twice declined 
the nomination for mayor, and also declined the nomination for sena- 
tor of the Sixth district, although in each instance he could have been 
elected by a large majority. In 1888 he was one of the presidential 
electors. Although declining public office, Mr. Manning has always 
been willing to give his time and marked business abilities to the wel- 
fare and growth of his adopted city. He was chairman of the build- 
ing committee of the town hall, the high school, and until his business 
engagements obliged him to resign, of the Universalist church. The 
increasing growth of the Manning & Bowman Company has obliged 
him to give his whole time to its interests, much to the regret of his 
many friends, who recognize his business abilities and social quali- 
ties. Mr. Manning married, in 1862, Martha J., daughter of Lester 
Robinson, Esq., of New Haven, and has one daughter living. 

Edward AIili,er was born in Wallingford, New Haven county. 
Conn., August 10th, 1827. Once imported goods in brass and bronze 
appeared to advantage when placed beside home manufacture, but it 
is not so now. The great factory of Edward Miller & Co. places as 
finely finished and as tasty goods on the market as can be produced by 
artisans anywhere. This company has large houses in New York and 
Boston, and selling agencies in many of the principal cities of the 
land. It has also agencies in other countries, as in Canada, Europe, 
Mexico, South America and Australia. Edward Miller & Co., ap- 
pearing in the Meriden factory and in its selling houses and agencies, 
is the achievement chiefly of the gentleman whose name forms the 
principal part of the corporation title, Edward Miller & Co. It is in- 
teresting to trace the development of both the man and the great in- 
dustry. 



604 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Edward Miller was a farmer's boy, son of Joel Miller, and was born 
on the old homestead of his father and grandfather. Reverend Samuel 
Miller, of Wallingford. His education, other than in the great school 
of life, was obtained in the common schools of the districts where he 
lived, and during two or three terms in Post's Academy, in Meriden — 
a school whose touch is observable on several Aleriden men of Mr. 
Miller's generation. But after his tenth year young Miller's time was 
spent in work and practical affairs more than in the school room. He 
was evidently born for manufacturing rather than for farming. 

His father moved to Meriden when young Miller was about ten 
years of age. and the farm included the eligible spot where now Mr. 
Miller's fine residence is located, on Broad street. A .short distance 
away from his father's home, and on High street, Horatio N. Howard 
had begun the manufacture of lamp screws, oil screws and hoops, 
and candlestick springs; and when young Miller was about fifteen 
years of age he was employed by Mr. Howard to make these goods. 
Later, Messrs. Stedman & Clark, whose shop was erected on land 
where now the City Mission Block and the Meriden Savings and 
National Banks stand, on East Main street, desired his .services, and 
at increased wages Mr. Miller entered their employ. They manu- 
factured tinware, including tin candlesticks and tin lamps, in which 
springs and screws were used. Mr. Miller continued in their employ 
about two years. The ambition had now fully grown in him to manufac- 
ture and sell these goods in his own name. He proposed to his father, 
Joel Miller, that he buy a set of tools and manufacture these goods, 
and put them on the market in the Miller name, Mr. E. Miller 
working for his father until nearly of age. Afterward a partner- 
ship was formed, under the style of Joel Miller & Son. The ma- 
chinery was set up in the old wood-shed just south of the old family 
home on Broad street. Foot-power lathes and foot-power presses were 
arranged in position along the sides of the old shed and the manufac- 
ture undertaken. The partnership continued for a year, and now the 
young man, only twenty years of age, bought out his father's interest, 
and what remained of his own legal " time " up to his majority of 
twenty-one years of age, for $800, giving his notes. Prosperity at- 
tended the young man's efforts, for inside the next year he paid the 
note out of his profits. But the crude shop became too strait, and a 
new one was built a little north of the old home. Horse power was 
substituted for foot power. A little later a portable steam engine was 
purchased to do the work for which power was needed. All of these 
advances represent stages of progress. 

In the meantime Mr. Miller had formed the acquaintance of the 
lady who became his wife, Miss Caroline M. Neal, of Southington. 
She was born April 14th, 1830, and was married August ;30th, 1848. 
In Mrs. Miller her husband had won a diligent helper and a wise 
■coun.sellor. She did not hesitate to aid him in light supplementary 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 605 

;entions in the shop when orders were pressing, and they two found 
at by close economy and thrifty business management their capital 
is increasing. 

But Air. Miller's ideas had grown greatly by this time. The op- 
rtunity for manufacturing in the old quarters became too con- 
icted. He must now secure greater freedom for business — more 
Dm and better appliances. And so, though against the entreaties of 
3 wife, who feared their slender fortune might slip entirely from 
em, Mr. Miller purchased the large property of Samuel Yale, on 
nter street, where now the great factory stands. At the northwest 
rner a wooden factory was built, and a small stationary engine was 
t in. 

Even before this date the market demanded new inventions, for 
e use of camphene and burning fluid was becoming common. The 
.id gave a superior light without smoke or odor, and was much 
;aner and neater than the tallow dip or the oil of the whale. But 
3t as rapidly did Mr. Miller change the products of his factory to 
;et the demands of the market as the market it.self called for new 
signs. He increased his production of fluid burners, making im- 
ovements as fast as needed. Invention went along hand in hand 
th manufacture. 

It was now 1856, and a disastrous fire swept through the factory, 
celling it completely, and destroying dies and patterns, lathes and 
esses — the collection of thirteen years. The engine and boiler only 
;re saved from the general wreck. But the factory was rebuilt in the 
ring and summer of 1856, and machinery put in running order. Just 
en the panic of 1857 came on, and business was entirely prostrated. 
.1 the neighboring shops were closed. In this depression, the force of 
e cyclone waning a little, the first week of January, 1858, Mr. Miller 
mt to New York, determined to find something to do; and there he 
it Mr. Cozzens, who had brought from Vienna, Austria, a kerosene 
rner. He returned home on Saturday evening, determined to make 
is burner and improve it. The kerosene oil of that date was dis- 
led from bituminous coal. The oil fields of the country had not 
sn been operated, and the cost of the oil was high. The fluid 
rners were in much greater demand than the kerosene, owing to- 
e cost of the distilled oil, but Mr. Miller made the new burner and 
,t it on the market. It is worthy of record that he was absolutely 
e first manufacturer of the kerosene burner in this country. Others 
Dn followed, but he deserves the distinction of being the first 
offer the burner in the markets as the product of American manu- 
:ture. 

A new era for illuminating was now dawning. The oil fields of 
:nnsylvania and Ohio were soon to be opened, and as soon as experi- 
entation had succeeded in cheapening the oil, and oil wells were 
und to be profitable, the demand for the burner grew immensely. 



606 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

But Mr. Miller's manufacture was not confined to illuminating burn- 
ers. A variety of brass goods, useful and ornamental, were made, and 
the factory became again taxed be3'ond its capacity, necessitating en- 
largement year by year. 

At this time, 1866, it seemed best to Mr. Miller to associate with him- 
self other capitalists in the business. A joint stock company was formed 
July 1st, 1866, under the corporate name of Edward Miller & Co., with 
a capital of $200,000. Under the new .style, the already large plant on 
Center street continued to grow, until now the factory covers several 
acres of ground, and gives employment to about 750 hands. A large 
brass rolling mill forms a part of the plant; and beginning with the 
compounding of brass in different qualities as needed, Mr. Miller puts 
upon the markets of the world a large variety of the finest brass 
goods, including lamps in every pattern and finish that the trade de- 
mands, lamp trimmings, burners of several styles, spun brass kettles 
in great quantities, and bronze ornaments in many shapes and varie- 
ties. Mr. Miller is the sole manufacturer of the famous Rochester 
lamp. The utility, the finish and taste displayed in these goods make 
them popular on the market and leading in the trade. Competition 
only ends in yielding the prizes of manufacture to this company. In- 
vention leads in every part of the great industr\-, and the same pains- 
taking care and attention to details which characterized Mr. Miller's 
earliest manufacture prevails throughout the great plant, and makes 
it one of the most prosperous business concerns in the countrj'. 

Mr. Miller built his present residence on Broad street in the year 
1867-8. The house and the grounds, as well as the location, are among 
the finest in Meriden. The spot is associated with his childhood days 
and with his earliest industry. The grounds are tastefully laid out, 
shrubbery and trees are set here and there in abundance, while yet 
the lawn is not overcrowded, and the gardener keeps them in tidy ap- 
pearance. The house within is richly furnished; art and music are 
given the chief place as surroundings and atmosphere for the family 
life. Mr. Miller has a sportsman's love for the domestic animals, and 
is a connoisseur of the horse, his own horses being among the finest 
seen on the road; and when he is in his own carriage no one but him- 
self handles the reins. 

In politics Mr. Miller is a republican, and an ardent supporter of 
the principles of his party. In religion he is a Baptist, and is warmly 
attached to the church on Broad street, of which he is a member. He 
has been one of the principal donors to the yearly support of the 
church, and in 1869 presented to that body a fine church organ, which 
has since been used in the worship on vSunday. Mr. Miller is a leader 
in his denomination, and is treasurer of the Connecticut Baptist Edu- 
cation Society. He contributes generously to the various objects of 
benevolence, both within and without the Baptist fraternity. The 
German Bapti.st church of Meriden was built largely by his dona- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 607 

tion, and the Y. M. C. A. of the city reaped not a little from his gift 
to it. 

Five children have been born to him, three of whom are living. 
His son, Edward Miller, Jr., is the treasurer and secretary of the com- 
pany. He is a graduate of Brown University; and upon him has de- 
volved, during the last ten years, a principal part of the management 
of the company. His ability and experience enable him to transact 
business quickly. He is ever ready in conclusions, and can direct 
rapidly where another would consume much time. His whole atten- 
tion is given either to the office or to the field work of the factory. 
He is also an accomplished organist, leading in church music when 
occasion calls for expert leadership. Another son, Arthur E. Miller, 
is assistant superintendent of the factory. He is a young man of 
superior ability. It has been .supplemented by the example and lead- 
ership of the present able superintendent ; and both by natural fit- 
ness for management and by training, he is fast coming to be the 
peer of his brother as a very important factor in the Edward Miller & 
Co. Mr. Miller also has a daughter, Airs. Layette A. Kendrick, wife 
of Charles G. Kendrick. She fills a large place not only in the home 
circle, but in her church and in society. 

Samuel Clark Paddock was born August 31st, 1816, in Meriden, 
Conn. The family traditions in Mr. Paddock's line of descent trace 
back his lineage to Zachariah Paddock, who came from Wales, Great 
Britain, and landed in Rhode Island — he afterward settled in Middle- 
town, Conn., and died May 13th, 1800, in the 73d year of his age— and 
also to Hannah, his wife, who died March 3d, 1819, in the 81st year of 
her age. Their family included several sons, one of whom was Samuel 
Paddock, who was born June 18th, 1758, lived in Middletown— and 
married Mehetable Loveland, May 13th, 1782. She was born January 
29th, 1759. Their son, Samuel, commonly spoken of as "junior " for 
the sake of identification, was born in Middletown, February 22d, 
1784, and married Polly Sears, August 30th, 1803. She was born De- 
cember 2d, 1782, and died October 26th, 1822. Samuel, Jr., died 
August 7th, 1869. He moved to Meriden in 1806, and was recog- 
nized by his townsmen as worthy of the civic trusts bestowed upon 
him. 

vSamuel C. Paddock, the subject of this sketch, was their second 
son. His mother, who was spoken of as an excellent and faithful 
Christian woman, died when he was only six years old. But his father 
married Charlotte Yale, January 22d, 1823, and Samuel C. was not left 
without the watch-care of a very worthy and beloved step-mother. He 
lived on the homestead farm in East Meriden until he was seventeen 
years of age. The practical business turn of his mind may be in- 
ferred from the fact that earlier than this his father intrusted him 
with full power to trade some of the neat foot stock and the horses 
with any of the local traders; and his father was not only pleased 



608 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

with the excellence of the exchanges made, but sometimes surprised 
at it. 

When seventeen years of age Samuel C. proposed to his father to 
be allowed to pursue business on his own account. Consent having 
been given he engaged to sell tinware from a peddler's wagon. It 
was the beginning of his independent business cai^eer. At eighteen 
years of age he gained full possession of his legal " time," and began 
the manufacture of brick. He now needed capital, and was able to 
borrow $2,000 solely upon his personal integrity and giving his indi- 
vidual note. He soon after purchased a small lot of land and a house 
in the eastern part of Meriden. and assumed an additional obligation 
by giving his note for $550 more. It was in the nature of preparation 
for marriage, for within a few months, March 19th, 1837. he was mar- 
ried to Miss Jannette Hall, daughter of Casper Hall, and grand- 
daughter of Brenton Hall, the first representative of Menden in the 
general assembly of Connecticut, in the year 1806, and great-grand- 
daughter of Reverend Samuel Hall, who was the first preacher of the 
gospel in the town of Cheshire, Conn. 

But those were the memorable panic days in the business world of 
1837, and the many bricks in Mr. Paddock's kiln remained unsold. He 
left home in September of that year to sell goods in Alabama. He 
drove his team of horses all the way to Montgomery, and so succes.s- 
ful were his sales that he not only brought satisfactory returns to the 
company sending him out, but in the spring could count up his earn- 
ings to several hundreds of dollars. These mercantile trips to the 
far South he continued for several alternate years, having been olTered 
from year to year a considerably higher monthly stipend, until he 
had gathered funds sufficient to pay off all the note indebtedness, in- 
cluding interest standing against him in Meriden. 

He now purchased on credit in the New York market goods to the 
value of several thousand dollars, and shipped them to Alabama, buy- 
ing and selling on his own account. In 1854 he formed a partnership 
with R. D. Twombly, of Bragg's Store, Ala. — a man of the highest vir- 
tue and honor. He there purchased a plantation and house, and built 
a store, and filled it with whatever goods were in demand in the coun- 
try. The partnership was a prosperous one, and was interfered with 
only by the political exigencies of the time. 

The cruelties of slavery lay ever before Mr. Paddock's eyes. He 
had been trained from boyhood to believe that slaveiy was innocent, 
and that abolitionists were chargeable with maligning an innocent 
order in society. But the sight of his eyes in Alabama changed all this 
opinion born of earl}' training. There lay open before him " the sum 
of all vilL'iinies" which could whip to death the innocent bondwoman 
who could not pick the " task " of cotton before the darkness of night 
came on, or which could amputate the sound leg of the poor colored 
cobbler tomakc it of even length with the one alreadv lost— two events. 





' ^:::k^^^^'!^^T^/tl 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. G09 

Mr. Paddock himself was personally cognizant of. These things and 
others not so horribly cruel rankled in his mind, and though he kept 
discreetly silent, he became ready for action by the time the next 
presidential campaign came on. And when the opportunity was 
offered in the North, in 1855, he took sides promptly with tlia free- 
soil party, and voted for John C. Fremont for president of the Uniied 
States. 

But upon returning South to his store at Bragg's, it was hardly 
possible to allay all inquiries as to what part he bore in the campaign. 
It was known that he had sold hundreds of spelling books to the 
blacks, in violation of the statutes of the state. Was this law break- 
ing carried on in favor to the blacks, or -was it due to an inordinate 
passion for money-making? And it was also true that he prepared 
the old colored preacher at about midnight of Saturday for preaching 
to his colored congregation the next day, reading him a Bible story, 
and instructing him in the Scriptures for an hour, after all the white 
customers had gone from the store. And now did he vote for John 
C. Fremont for president ? 

It was 1857, and a rival tradesman in the South, a friend of Mr. 
Paddock's, and from the same Connecticut town, proclaimed on the 
streets of Bragg's, that his competitor did vote for Fremont. Cor- 
respondence was entered into with the postmaster of Meriden to secure 
from him a confirmation or denial of the report, in respect of his 
neighbor, and he affirmed its truth to his Southern inquirers. Then 
the warning letters were despatched to Mr. Paddock, who was in the 
North, not to appear again among his Alabama acquaintances. But 
on Christmas day of 1858 he arrived at Bragg's, where his store was 
situated. 

The Vigilance Committee at once met and decided to remove him 
the next day at one o'clock. At that hour he was conveniently absent 
and returned in secret only long enough to make out deeds and bills 
of sale of all his property in Alabama to his partner, who should 
henceforth appear to be the sole owner. This transaction was wise 
from more than one point of view, and not the least was the collection 
of the larofe floating indebtedness due the store from the slave-hold- 
ing planters of the vicinity, for they had determined not to pay bills 
due an anti-slavery creditor. Mr. Paddock at once returned to the 
hospitable North. But though, as is evident, his business prospects 
in Alabama were ruined by his political action in voting for Fremont, 
he has always looked back upon it as one of the proudest and most 
honorable acts of his life. With those prospects vanished, also many 
thou.sands of dollars in Southern securities, still he could do no other 
than vote his convictions, and there he stood. As between his free- 
dom as an American citizen before the ballot box and the subservient 
clutching to his property and business prospects before a vSouthern 
slave-holding aristocracy, there was only one thing for him to choose, 
38 



(510 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

and he chose it. From this distance he now sees that his action then 
was not only politically and morally right, but financially shrewd, for 
his pro-slavery acquaintances in the South lost all their wealth in the 
great national struggle which hastened on. 

His btisiness life since has embraced principally marketing and 
real estate. For several 3'ears he kept the largest and most numerously 
patronized market in Meriden. His real estate transactions have 
been extensive, and there are but few appraisers of real estate values 
excelling him in all the town of Meriden. He has always been greatly 
interested in the welfare of his town, and the promotion of public 
works. His fellow townsmen have done him the honor to elect him 
to the highest town offices. 

Mr. Paddock is by religious profession a Baptist, and a worthy and 
beloved member of the church, at whose coinmunion table he sits, 
but no man except himself has formulated his religious creed. He 
has been a close student of the Christian Scriptures, and bases his 
beliefs upon the direct study of them. While so charitable in spirit, 
and so tolerant of other's views, he is not the less firm and positive 
of his own. When a young man he could not read " fire and brim- 
stone " either out of or into the gospels of Christ, nor could the 
church committee convince him that the parable of the Rich Man 
and Lazarus is a picture of the realities in the next world, but rather 
in this. 

In his view Ciod is emphatically one, and the terms of the old 
theology describing him as three persons, are to be interpreted, to 
make them correct, as manifestations of him. So, too, Christ was the 
human pei\sonality in the long series of the human race in whom God 
chose to manifest himself wondrously, the manifestation, however, 
being npt different in kind from that in other persons, but only in 
degree ; and the work of Christ operated for man not as vicarious suf- 
fering for his sin, but as a powerful exemplary exhibition of divine 
love for him, teaching him how to live. He regards the judgment 
day as running parallel with human earthly life, and as being coter- 
minous with it, both at the beginning and the end, and not a stupend- 
ous assize at the end of all things temporal. 

To him also the second coming of Christ is a repeated event of 
divine mercy or wrath appearing in the striking providences which 
happen to persons or nations, such as the fall of Jerusalem or the san- 
guinary war which ended Ainerican slavery; and death is the dissolu- 
tion of the unjust into non-existence; but for believers in Christ, by 
virtue of their life in him, it is their transference to the eternal world, 
where all that is temporal and material has dropped away from them 
forever in the event of dying. Mr. Paddock deems these reforms of 
doctrine suggested in his creed essential to the full power of the gos- 
pel in the world, and attributes the greater part of the current scepti- 



f 



e 





// o • 




^r, ,^ y^cyi^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 611 

cism of the age to the false teachings so prevalent concerning these 
great biblical truths. 

Mr. and Mrs. Paddock are the most genial of neighbors and friends, 
and are held in respect of all who know them. They live now in the 
enjoyment of their ample fortune. Four years since their " golden 
wedding " passed gently by, and beautifully together, and amidst 
loving friends, these excellent citizens move down the declivity of 
life. Five children have been born to them, of whom two have died 
—Samuel Archer Paddock, born October 10th, 1847, died November 
29th, 1850, and Adella Paddock, born March 16th, 1854, died January 
17th, 1876. The living children are: George Byron Paddock, of Jack- 
son, Minn.; Mrs. Mary Ann Hall, of New Haven, Conn.; and Aland 
B. Paddock, of Elgin, Neb. 

Charle.sP.\rker, son of vStephen and Rebecca Parker, was born in 
Cheshire, Conn., January 2d, 1809. When nine years of age he was 
placed with a farmer by the name of Porter Cook, where he remained 
until he was fourteen. He continued on a farm until he was eighteen, 
when he went to work in Southington ca.sting buttons for Anson Mat- 
thews. He remained there one year and then removed to Naugatuck, 
then a part of Waterbury, where he worked for Horace and Harry 
Smith about six months. In August, 1828, Mr. Parker came to Mer- 
iden and hired out to Patrick Lewis, making coffee mills. In Decem- 
ber, 1829, he went into business for himself with a capital of $70, tak- 
ing a contract from Lewis & Holt for thirteen months to manufacture 
coffee mills. During the thirteen months Mr. Parker cleared $1,800. 
He then took in a partner, Mr. Jared Lewis, and took another contract 
from Lewis & Holt, to manufacture coffee mills, ladles and skimmers. 
In January, 1831, he sold out to Mr. Jared Lewis and bought an acre 
of ground between High and Elm streets. On this ground was an old 
brown house, and Mr. Parker paid for the house and grounds §650. 
On the back of this lot he built a shop, which was finished in the 
spring of 1832, in which he manufactured coffee mills and waffle irons. 
He then went to market with his own goods. In November, 1833, 
Lewis & Holt failed, thus leaving the whole market in Mr. Parker's 
hands. In 1833 he associated with his brother Edmund and Heman 
White, under the firm name of Parker & White, and carried on busi- 
ness until 1835, when Edmund Parker was sent to Montgomery, Ala., 
with clocks and dry goods. In 1836 he returned, and Mr. White went 
to Montgomery with dry goods, which he sold readily. In October, 
1837, he made a .second trip to Alabama with a large stock of dry 
goods; but the hard times came on and he lo.st heavily, much embar- 
rassing the firm of Parker & White, who did not fully recover from 
their embarrassment for over six years. They were often advi.sed bj' 
their friends to fail, but did not, and paid all debts in full with inter- 
est. During this time Edmund Parker sold out his interest to Mr. 
White, and in 1843 the partnership was dissolved, Mr. White going 



612 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

south, where he soon failed. Mr. Parker's busines.s steadily increased, 
and in 1844 he added largely to his buildings, putting in steam power, 
having previously u.sed horse power. He was the first to manufacture 
plated spoons and forks, and the first to plate hollow ware in Meriden. 
In 1876 Mr. Parker partially retired from business, and his extensive 
works have been in charge of his sons. Dexter W. and Charles E., and his 
son-in-law, William H. Lyon, under the corporate name of the Charles 
Parker Company. The company now own the Union Works on High 
and Elm streets, the Parker gun factory on Cherry street, the iron 
spoon shop in East Meriden, the box shop in Yalesville, and the clock 
shop in the western part of the town. 

Mr. Parker is a director in the following companies: Meriden Fire 
Insurance, Wilcox Silver Plate Company. Safe Deposit Company, 
Meriden Republican Company, and Meriden National Bank. He is 
also president of the Charles Parker Company, and the Meriden Cur- 
tain Fixture Company. Mr. Parker's great business interests have 
always prevented him from entering public life, but when Meriden 
was organized as a city he was elected mayor and reelected the follow- 
ing year. In 1874, after residing for thirty years at the corner of East 
Main and High streets, Mr. Parker purchased the elegant residence 
on North Broad street, which was built by Mr. Jedediah Wilcox, at a 
cost of $162,000. Mr. Parker early became a member of the Metho- 
dist church, and has always largely aided in its support. When the 
new church, on Main and Pleasant streets, was built, he donated 
$50,000 to the building fund. Mr. Parker married, October 6th, 1831, 
Miss Abi Lewis Eddy, of Berlin, who died March 7th, 1880. Of their 
ten children there are now living: Charles Eddy, Dexter Wriglit and 
Annie Dryden, who married William H. Lyon. Mr. Parker has al- 
ways taken an interest in the growth and welfare of Meriden. Emi- 
nently a domestic man, when not in business his home was in the 
bo.som of his family, and now, while having reached a great age, his 
intellect is undimmed and his faculties are still acute, and surrounded 
by his family, he is enjoying that repose which he has rightly earned. 
Cephas B. Rogers was born in Saybrook, Conn., December 30th, 
1836. His parents, Hervey and Elizabeth A. (Tryon^ Rogers, moved 
to Meriden to manage the Rogers Hotel, when their son Cephas B. 
was only thirteen years of age. His education was pursued in the 
schools of Meriden, but not steadily, for a part of his youth was spent 
in a neighboring factory manufacturing tinware and japanned goods. 
It was in that factory that young Rogers' energy and ability for busi- 
ness showed themselves, though so early in his life. Ten hours of 
toil did not satisfy him. He was up at four o'clock in the morning, 
did the chores about the factory and opened the japanning kiln, be- 
fore the work hours came on. The earnings of his overtime work 
netted him a considerable sum, in addition to his daily wages. His 
employers were pleased with the despatch he gave to the product of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 613 

the factory every day, and his earnings he carefully saved for future 
use. 

The way of promotion was now opened to him, though it was not 
yet known just what lines of industry he might follow for the future. 
The Meriden Lumber & Coal Company needed office help, and he 
became clerk for a while. He afterward completed his .school studies 
in the academy up-town. But his experience in hotel life, gained from 
his father's management, suggested a career for him; and he now had 
the education as well as the practical knowledge fitting a young man 
for the position of clerk. He was invited to the clerkship of the New 
Haven House, in the city of New Haven. He held that position for 
six years, and was there at the outbreak of the rebellion, and during 
the greater portion of the war. The position afforded him opportu- 
nity for making a wide acquaintance with men, and with political and 
state affairs. The New Haven House was the principal rendezvous of 
the Connecticut political and military leaders, and Mr. Rogers' ac- 
quaintance with them became fellow.ship. His wide knowledge of 
affairs and of men made him a valued partner. He accompanied Mr. 
Lincoln when that distinguished visitor made addresses in the state, 
and introduced men to him. It is remembered now that the non- 
chalance and good nature of Mr. Lincoln were manifest everywhere 
he went. He was sitting in fatigue attitude at the car stove, when a 
farmer who had boarded the train on the way to Meriden desired to 
meet Mr. Lincoln. Mr. Rogers inquired of him whether he would not 
like to meet " a genuine son of the soil " of the nutmeg state, and at 
the same time presented the North Haven farmer. Mr. Lincoln re- 
plied: " Well, Mr. , you look old enough to be one of the fathers 

of the soil rather than a son." Mr. Rogers' enthusiasm for the new 
party carried him upon the rostrum for the public discussion of the 
great questions of the day. His ready speech and quick apprehension 
and wide knowledge of the political situation made him an agreeable 
and effective public speaker. And when Mr. Lincoln was inaugurated 
president, Mr. Rogers visited Washington to share in the eclat of the 
great occasion. 

In 1863 Mr. Rogers left the New Haven House and took charge of 
the Wadawanock House of Stonington, and later of the St. Denis 
Hotel of New York city. Both of those managements were highly 
prosperous from a financial point of view, but the constant confine- 
ment and pressure of responsibility broke down his health, and he 
returned to Meriden for recuperation. 

It was during this restful period that the partnership of C. Rogers 
& Brothers was planned and entered into in February, 1866. His two 
brothers, Gilbert and Wilbur F., were skilled manufacturers of silver 
plated ware, and there appeared to be room in the busine.ss world for 
a new company and a new factory. Beginning small in 1866, the 
silver plating industry of C. Rogers & Brothers has now become one 



614 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

of the principal manufacturing centers of the city of Meriden, and 
challenges the admiration of all familiar with its inception and 
growth. About three hundred hands are steadily employed. ' So 
successfully is the industry managed that the doors are never closed 
on week days, except for holidays and for inventory. The products 
of the factory are ranged in three departments: silver plated spoons, 
forks, knives and table ware — the manufacture beginning witli the 
metal from which the articles are finally made; casket trimmings and 
undertakers' supplies; furniture hardware. In one or more of these 
departments business is always brisk. 

The manufactured products of C. Rogers & Brothers have a world- 
wide reputation. The foreign shipments are large, going to Europe, 
Australia and South America. .So fully does the company have the 
confidence of its numerous and widely diffused patrons, and so ex- 
actly do all goods correspond to the representations made of them, 
that the entire business is conducted from the office of the company 
in Meriden. The Rogers brothers give their personal supervision to 
the working and product of all their great factory. By strict integrity, 
by honorable and prompt methods of btisiness, and by close attention 
to every department, the C. Rogers & Brothers company comtnends 
itself in all the markets of the world, and has won a reputation meas- 
ured by the constant growth of business from year to year. 

The aim of these three brothers in their manufacturing enterprise 
is not money-making for the money's sake, but chiefly for the good 
which may be done through it; so that the marked prosperity they 
have attained to is made to have a high moral end. They are not 
only prominent business men in Meriden, but are prominent in social 
and religious circles. They are Methodists, and have been greatly 
interested in the First ^Methodist Episcopal church, of which they are 
members. Cephas B. Rogers has been a member of the official board 
since 1866, and is tlie president of the board of trustees. He is promi- 
nent in his denomination at large, and his abilities give him standing 
in the deliberations of the governing bodies of the church. He is 
president of the Lay Conference and tru.stee of Wesleyan University 
in Middletown. 

In his own city of Meriden he has taken much interest in public 
matters. Public improvements and the schools of the city have en- 
gaged his thought and time, and for six years he was a valued member 
of the common council. 

He has also availed himself of the opportunity of foreign travel, 
visiting, in 1880, England and France. 

In 1870 he was married to Miss Margaret, daughter of Doctor 
Peter F. and Anna M. Clark, of New York city. Mrs. Rogers is a 
Christian lady, beloved in her church and esteemed highly in Meriden 
society. Their home is the Rogers homestead in ^leriden, beautifully 










f^r^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 615 

located on North Colony street, and fitted up and kept with elegance 
of taste and expenditiire of means. 

John Sutijff was born in Wolcott, Conn., August 2d, 1802, and is 
the son of John and Eunice Sutliff. There were no unusual advan- 
tages environing his early life, such as forecast and quite secure a 
successful business career. His inheritance did not consist of wealth, 
but of such qualities as a sturdy physique, an indu.strious disposition, 
economical habits, a willing and intelligent mind, and an honest na- 
ture which could be trusted, without any entailment of disappointment 
attaching to the original trust. Endowed in this manner, he went to 
Meriden when he was about seventeen years of age, and worked fif- 
teen years for wages at the manufacturing of Ivor}' combs. It was 
during this period that he accumulated the initial capital, upon which 
his large fortune was built in after years. 

He now formed a partnership with three others for the manufac- 
ture of ivory combs, in the town of Southington, Conn. The business 
was there conducted with the least possible risk of loss. The combs 
were salable in the market, and the factory and power were engaged 
on such terms of eas\^ relinquishment, that if the hopes of the young 
men were not realized the business could be discontinued without 
loss. It was, however, progressing satisfactorily when one of his 
friends who had observed his business ability and habits, and who in 
part composed the firm of Foster, Merriam & Co., invited him to pur- 
chase an interest in the firm. He did so, and took the charge of a de- 
partment, himself and partners devoting their time and energies 
steadily to the development of their industry. 

The large business enterprise of Foster, Merriam & Co. was under- 
taken in 1835, and in 1866 it was incorporated under the lav/s of the 
state. Mr. Sutliff was made president. The great bulk of the manu- 
facture consi-sts of furniture castors, draw-pulls, hat and coat hooks, 
and various kinds of furniture trimmings, and music stool screws. 
The officers of the corporation are : President, John Sutliff ; vice- 
president, James R. Sutliff ; secretary and treasurer, George C. Mer- 
riam. 

At the time of Mr. Sutliff's entrance into the firm, the whole prod- 
uct of the factory was wrought out by only five or six hands. The 
growth since has been rapid. Every year has recorded enlargement, 
and never has the growth been more rapid than in these latest 
years. In 1891 about three hundred persons were employed, and the 
plant covers a large plot of ground in the central portion of the city 
of Meriden. It is one of the principal industries of the city, which 
can boast of a large proportion of large manufacturing plants. 

Mr. Sutliff's habits of industry and clo.se attention to business con- 
trol his daily life to the present time. At this writing (1891) he may 
be found in the factory, visiting all parts of it, and keeping an eye of 
care on the manufacture in general, throughout all the works. 



QIQ HIST(JRV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Mr. .Sutliff's principal business relations in the city of Meriden 
have been tho.se of a capitalist. He was for many years a director of 
the First National Bank, and is still a trustee of the City Savings 
Bank He has made large investments in the West as well as at 
home, and is never lacking in funds with which to aid persons who 
desire to secure loans of a few hundreds or thou.sands of dollars. The 
fortune so meagre at the beginning of his residence in ^lenden has 
become a great estate in these late years. 

Mr Sutliff has been twice married; first to Miss Mary Ann Dayton, 
of North Haven, Conn., November 22d, 1828. Their children are: 
Mrs. Mary Ann Higby, who died December 22d, 1859; John A. vSutliff 
and James R. Sutliff, vice-president of Foster, Merriara & Co. Mr. 
James R Sutliff married Miss Sarah Easton, and to them was born 
one dauo-hter. Miss Hattie E. SutliiT. Mr. John Sutliff was married the 
second time to Miss Rebecca Miles, of Cheshire, Conn., November 
9th, 1842. Two children were the fruit of this union: Edgar E., who 
died in infancy, and Abby, who died at about four years of age. 

John T.-ut, M. D., was born February 16th, 1828, in the town of 
Trumbull, Fairfield county. Conn. Doctor Taifs ancestry was Scotch, 
though there is nothing in his personal appearance or speech to 
direcl an observer to his parentage. His good citizenship, his ster- 
ling integritv, and his religion, however, very naturally link on to 
tha^t race "descent. He has been a resident of Meriden, Conn., since 
1854, and a leading physician during all those years. He has seen 
the growth of the greater part of Meriden, and shared m it as an in- 
terested, public-spirited citizen. His professional services have been 
sought for in nearly all of the older families of the town, with whom he 
has^not merely acquaintance, but often intimacy and endeared friend- 
ship. Besides, his practice h.as embraced many of the families more 
recently settled in the city. So that going to and fro, from side to 
side, of Meriden, he is better known in general than most persons, 
and none are more generally beloved than he. 

His early education was obtained in the common schools of the 
section where his boyhood was spent. His father was a manufacturer 
of fancy marble paper, and Doctor Tait aided him as a filial son m the 
manufacture until he was 18 years of age. At that time he formed a 
partnership with an older brother to carry on the same business. The 
partnership continued about two years. In those days the United 
States government exercised no sufficient protecting care over incip- 
ient and struggling industries, and manufacturers in foreign lands 
were allowed to flood American markets with their products. The 
wages of laborers in Germany were much lower than in this country, 
and the German manufacturers of fancy marble paper could undersell 
the producers of the same goods in our home markets, where a much 
higher daily wage was demanded by the workmen. Ana hence the 
young Tait brothers could not compete successfully with the import- 





^ 



X. - ^7. - a 



HISTORY OF NEW IIAVKN COUXTV. 617 

ers of foreign goods. Accordingly the partnership was terminated, 
and Doctor Tait at once resolved to gratify his thirst for an education. 
He took his share of the earnings of manufacture and repaired to 
Thomp.son's Academy, in Woodbury, Litchfield county, to fit himself 
for entrance to Yale University. He succeeded so well in his prepar- 
atory studies that in two years he was matriculated, and entered the 
arts course of the university in the class of 1854. But steady in-door 
life and hard stud\^ wore upon his physical strength, and he was 
obliged, after two years' residence at the university, to give over his 
purpose of graduating with his class. He must hasten to his special 
professional studies, or be unable to finish them. He went, in the 
fall of 1852, to the Eclectic Medical School of New York, and gradu- 
ated in 1854. 

He was now ready to enter upon his professional life, and watched 
for the opportunity under such conditions as would keep him out of 
doors much of the time. At that date Doctor Henry A. Archer was a 
practicing physician in Meriden, and needed an associate to attend to 
the out-door part of the business. It was just the opening Doctor Tait 
had been looking for. The office was situated a little west of Broad 
street, on what is now called East Main street. The center of the vil- 
lage of Meriden then lay a short distance to the eastward of the 
office, but now the center of the city has pas.sed to the westward along 
Main street, so that the location of Doctor Tait's office for a physi- 
cian's practice in Meriden, during this long series of years, could 
hardly be improved upon. 

This associate business arrangement continued for nearly four 
years, or until the spring of 1859. Doctor Tait then purchased the 
entire medical interest and real estate, 244 East Mam street, and suc- 
ceeded to the business which both had together prosecuted. It was a 
fortunate venture for him, especially the buying of the real estate, 
for it has increased in value several fold in the passing by of the years 
since the purchase was made. Indeed, this increase was noticed at 
once, and the value has steadily advanced, until now his estate, as a 
residence, is one of the most desirable and valuable in the city of 
Meriden. 

Doctor Tait has remained in this one location ever since the orig- 
inal purchase, having his office in one division of his house, and 
specially fitted up for the practitioner's use. He has remodelled the 
dwelling part .somewhat, has raised the entire walls, constructed a 
new roof and decorated the house throughout. Other new and fine 
residences have been built near by, on what was vacant land in 1854, 
and he finds him.self now in the very heart of the desirable resident 
portion of the city of Meriden. 

Doctor Tait married Mrs. Tibballs, «^'/ Catherine E. Chapman, No- 
vember 24th, 1859, daughter of Julius Chapman, of East Haddam, 
Conn. One daughter, Miss Flora Chapman Tait, was born to them, 



618 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

April 14th, 1863, and never was there a happier family. But the fam- 
ily joy was so soon and so sadly broken intol On May 25th, 1872, Mrs. 
Tait died, and the light of wife and mother went out from the home. 
Mrs. Tait was a pleasing lady, much esteemed for her virtues and 
amiable qualities, quiet, unassuming, but still energetic and of high 
character, and much beloved. Her illness was brief, and many, 
besides her heart-stricken family, mourned for her as for a precious 
friend. 

In the year 1874, December SHth, Doctor Tait married Miss Laura 
A. Chapman, of East Haddam, who now lives and shares with him 
the high regard and esteem in which he is held. She was a sister of 
the first wife, and is much like her in those qualities which won for 
her so much love and esteem. And it is as true as rare to say that 
the little daughter soon discovered no difference of motherhood. 
Two other daughters have been born into the family: Nellie Chapman 
Tait, born June 26th, 1876, and Fanny Robbins Tait, born October 6th, 
1878, who died in infancy, December 17th, 1878. 

Doctor Tait's library fills a considerable part of his roomy office, 
while books, magazines and papers lie about in abundance. One side 
of his ofifice is devoted to drugs and medicines, for he prefers to fill 
his own prescriptions. Herein may lie one of the secrets of his popu- 
larity among his patients. It has always been his aim to make his 
services as inexpensive as he could to his patrons, while yet giving 
them the highest skill and best results of medical knowledge. The 
response of the people to him for this has been a large and re- 
munerative practice, and a confiding intimacy as their " beloved phy- 
sician." 

In politics he has been a republican, from the days of Fremont, 
for whom he voted; and though often urged to allow himself to be 
brought out prominently by his party for distinguished party honors 
and service, he has steadily refused, preferring the quiet life of his 
profession to the noisy strife of politics. 

In business he has quietly pas.sed into positions of trust, being a 
director of the Fir.st National Bank of Meriden for many years, also 
of the Meriden Fire Insurance Company, and of the City Savings 
Bank. He is aLso a Free and xVccepted Ma.son, Meridian Chapter, No. 
77, a member of the Center Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd 
Fellows, and al.so of the local flourishing order of Royal Arcanum, and 
of the Connecticut Eclectic Medical .Society. 

In religion himself and family are Congregationalists, members of 
the Center church, on Broad street. They are highly esteemed and 
prominent members, and their kindness and even generosity are 
known to many both within and without the church circle. 

Henry K. Wiirii;, manufacturer, Meriden, Conn., was biirn in Bol- 
ton, Conn., February 7th, 1822. Mr. White is an excellent illustration 
of a natural aptitude finding its calling in life. Genius not only car- 



-.-mm»^^ 





-ucJ^ 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 619 

ries out its own fortune, but first discovers the lines of life along which . 
the fortune lies. Mr. White's boyhood suggested the farmer's life, 
but his musical ta.stes determined the nature of his calling. He was 
first attracted by the singing schools of that date. Both voice and ear 
made him a proficient pupil in the science of music, and what he 
learned so quickly and gained the mastery of he was skilful in im- 
parting. Hence we find him at only 18 years of age teaching singing. 
school and holding musical conventions. 

His musical talent was not content with the exercise of the voice, 
but peered into the mysteries of instruments of music. He must 
familiarize himself with the mechanism of the piano and of the organ, 
and especially with those manipulations of the tense string and of 
the reed, which give musical chords. He could now tune either of 
those instruments by fifths, but found that the chords were not perfect 
when the whole key board had been adjusted. 

In 1841 an opportunity of musical culture, both practical and the- 
oretical, was seized upon, and he put himself for a year under the 
tuition of one of the most accomplished tenor singers of that date in 
the state. In the same year, also, he bargained with a professional 
tuner of pianos and organs to be taught the principles and methods 
of tuning those instruments. The conditions were hard enough, for, 
in addition to the price of fifty dollars for the instruction, he was en- 
joined from doing any tuning of either pianos or organs in Connecti- 
cut during the life of his instructor. 

But the world was wide, and Mr. White, in 1842. started out on a 
tour of other states, going westward through the Northern states as 
far as Chicago, and then turning southward as far as St. Louis, and 
then homeward, through Kentucky and the Central states. Upon his 
return home in 1845 he entered the employ of Dennison Smith, of 
Colchester, Conn. Mr. Smith had secured a seraphine, made in 
France, and undertook to manufacture instruments for the market in 
this country. Mr. White was the sort of aid needed in his factory, 
but he had not yet attained to the manufacturer's independence, and 
as all restrictions had been removed from his action in his native 
state, he began the manufacture of organs for himself in New London 
in 1847, when he was only 25 years of age. 

He was now familiar with the construction of quite all the pianos 
and reed instruments in this country, and was .skilled in the voicing 
of the latter and the tuning of both. He was then well equipped to 
undertake the manufacture of either, especially of reed instruments. 
The building of the cases in New London was done by cabinet- 
makers, under his supervision, while he put in the action and com- 
pleted the musical adjustment as to voice and tune. Just then the 
Carhart principle for reed instruments of exhau.st bellov/s and sailable 
reed board was brought to the attention of organ makers, and patent 
rights were offered for sale. 



620 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Mr. White has the credit of suggesting to the discoverer that he 
himself make the reeds and reed boards and sell them to organ builders, 
and he was one of the first to use the new discovery in the construc- 
tion of organs; but in 1853 he accepted the urgent invitation of parties 
in Washington, N. J., to manufacture organs there. He did so until 
the breaking out of the war disturbed business and made it impossible 
to collect a large trust account due in the Southern states. 

He now went to Philadelphia, and until 1865 followed his early 
aptitude for tuning pianos and organs. At that time the great organ 
works of Jacob Estey, in Brattleboro, Vt., were developing to consider- 
able proportions, and Mr. White was called and put in charge of the 
tuning and action department. He was soon found to be .so well 
versed in organ building that he was consulted respecting designs for 
■cases, as well as the internal construction and the musical quality. 
He continued in the employ of the E.stey Company at a high salary 
for more than twelve years. His sons were evidently following their 
father's industrial bent, the eldest, J. H. White, having already at- 
tained to a prominent and high priced position in the factory. The 
time had come for an independent business organization, in which Mr. 
White and his sons should figure more prominently than ever. The 
opportunity opened in Meriden, Conn., where capital waited to be 
controlled by Mr. White. 

The Wilcox & White Organ Company was organized in 1876, and 
business begun as soon as the large factory could be built. So pros- 
perous has the company been that though the original factory was 
large, and thought by its projectors to be all that would ever be 
needed, 21,000 feet of flooring space have since been added. About 
150 hands are employed. Organs are sent to all the principal coun- 
tries of the world ; at the same time the home market is large. No 
pains is spared to give the highest quality of workmanship to all parts 
of the Wilcox & White organ, and it challenges competition. It is 
made in two general kinds, each kind embracing many styles: First, 
the manual organ ; second, the pneumatic symphony, a self-playing 
instrument of wonderful compass, perfect in execution as that of the 
most skilled musicians. To Mr. White himself is chiefly due the de- 
velopment of the Wilcox & White organ, though he himself disclaims 
so much credit and leaves the chief honor to his sons. 

As a citizen, Mr. White is much esteemed among all acquaintances, 
not only for his business thrift, but for his integrity and character 
and public spirit. His own residence, surrounded by his neighbors, 
among whom are his own sons, is an exhibit of the public spirit which 
animates both himself and them, for the street on which he lives is 
one of the most beautiful in the city of Meriden. 

He is a republican in politics and a Baptist in religious faith. He 
has been chosen to the city council, and in the al)sence of the mayor 
is made president /r^ tempore. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. fi21 

September 2d, 1846, lie married Miss Lucy Cornwall, of Hartford, 
Conn. Three sons and one daughter have been born in the family. 
The son.s — James H., Edward H. and Howard — are all prominently 
connected with the company. James H. is president and treasurer; 
Edward H., superintendent of the tuning department, and Howard, 
superintendent of the organ construction department. To these young 
men is to be attributed much of the development and the present 
prosperity. The daughter, Mrs. Julia (White) Scott, is the wife of 
Winfield Scott, also prominently connected with the factory. They all 
live in close proximity to their parents, and form a very happy family 
group. 

Horace C. Wilcox, son of Elisha B. and Hepsibah (Cornwall) 
Wilcox, was born in Middletown, Westfield Parish, Conn., January 
24th, 1824. He lived on his father's farm until he was twenty years 
old, attending school until he was eighteen. In his twentieth year 
he commenced peddling tinware, and followed this business for nearly 
two years.. In 1850 he came to Meriden and began .selling Britannia 
ware for Mr. James Frary, and finally furnished Mr. Frary with .'^tock, 
and took all of the goods that he manufactured. He followed this 
business for several years, taking also the goods manufactured by 
Messrs. William Lyman and John Munson, of Wallingford, and I. C. 
Lewis & Co. 

Mr. Wilcox took in partnership his brother, Dennis C. Wilcox, and 
under the firm name of H. C. Wilcox & Co., remained until Decem- 
ber, 1852, when the Meriden Britannia Company was formed. The 
company compri.ses Messrs. Horace and Dennis Wilcox, and the men 
for whom he had been selling goods. Mr. Lewis was elected presi- 
dent, and Mr. Wilcox secretary and treasurer. Mr. George R.Curtis, 
then the ca.shier of the Meriden Bank, was admitted into the company 
and filled the office of treasurer. Mr. Wilcox continuing secretary 
until 1865, when he was appointed president of the company. With 
the majority of Meriden's manufacturing and financial institutions, as 
well as its enterprises, Mr. Wilcox was closely identified, and he was 
always ready to put capital into any project that would advance the 
moral and material prosperity of the town and city in which he had 
spent the greater part of his life, and in the welfare of which he had 
an abiding interest. Mr. Wilcox was also president of the Wilcox & 
White Organ Company, and the Meriden, Waterbury & Connecticut 
River Railroad Company, the latter corporation being the outgrowth 
of the Meriden & Cromwell railroad, which was built almost exclu- 
sively through his efforts, and next to the Britannia Company he took 
a deeper interest in its succe.ss than any other institution with which 
he was identified. Mr. Wilcox was a director in the Meriden Silver 
Plate Company, Wilcox Silver Plate Company, Manning & Bowman 
Company, ^leriden Saddlery & Leather Company, .-Eolian Organ & 
Music Company, Meriden Hor.se Railroad Company, Rogers & Broth- 



622 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ers, Waterbury; R. Wallace & .Sons. Wallino-ford: William Rogers & 
Son, Hartford; the Meriden Fire Insurance Company, Home Xational 
Bank, the Republican Publishing Company, and he had been a trus- 
tee of the City Savings Bank since its organization. He was also a 
director in the Walnut Grove Cemetery Association. 

While Mr. Wilcox was a hard working business man, he never 
shirked public duties, and made his influence feltm the various offices 
he held. He was an alderman when the city government was first 
organized, and the fifth mayor of the city, holding that office in 1875 
and 1876. In 1877 he was elected state senator. He had no liking 
for political honors, and increasing business cares and failing health 
prevented him from accepting other offices in the gift of his towns- 
men. The principal trait in Mr. Wilcox's character was an indomit- 
able energy and perseverance. From a borrowed capital of three 
dollars with which he commenced business, he accumulated a very 
large property. He was a member of the First Congregational church, 
and was always one of its heaviest contributors; he was on the build- 
ing committee which had in charge the building of the present beau- 
tiful edifice. He was a member of the society committee up to 
1884, and was on other important committees connected with that or- 
ganization. 

Mr. Wilcox was married August 9th, 1848, to Charlotte, daughter 
of Jabez Smith, of Westfield. By his first wife he had five children. 
The oldest daughter is the wife of W. P. Morgan, who has charge of 
the Meriden Britannia Company's business at San Francisco. George 
H. Wilcox, the oldest son, succeeded his father as manager of the 
Britannia Company. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Wilcox 
married Ellen, daughter of Edmund Parker. By her he had three 
children : Dwight P., Florence and Horace C, the latter having 
died. Mr. Wilcox had a stroke of paralysis in 1887, and was in poor 
health until a second stroke, which caused his death, August 27th, 
1890. 

Grove Herrick Wh^son, M. D., one of the most prominent physi- 
cians of Meriden, was born in Stockbridge, Mass., in 1824. His par- 
ents were Joseph H. and Sally (Herrick) Wilson, descendants of two 
of the oldest and most honorable families in England and America. 
On his paternal side he comes through a long line of descent from the 
family of Reverend John Wilson, the first minister of Boston, whose 
posterity became illustrious in many states. The maternal ancestry 
of Doctor Wilson is traced to 'Eric the. Forester, of the royal house of 
Denmark, whose long: war*\'ith the Angles resulted in the cession to him 
of the counties of Leicester and Warwick, in England, where the 'Eric 
(or Herrick) family have, to this day, a manor at Great Stretton, and a 
perpetual pew in the cathedral at Leicester. Reverend William Her- 
rick, chaplain to Edward VI. and minister to the Sublime Porte under 
Elizabeth, was grandfather to Robert, the poet, and Sir William 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 623 

Herrick, whose son, Henry, was the first member of that family to 
emigrate to America. He .settled in Salem, Mass., in 1029, and his 
grandson, Doctor Daniel Herrick, born in Preston, Conn., was the 
grandfather of the subject of this sketch. To the family of the above 
'Eric also belonged the discoverer of Greenland and founder of Erics- 
fiord (now Julianshaab, Greenland), and whose son, Leif 'Erie, founded 
the .settlements at Martha's Vineyard and in Rhode Island, about the 
year 1000, this event being commemorated by a statue erected in Bos- 
ton. Later members of the Herrick family also attained eminent 
positions in public and private life. 

Doctor Grove H. Wilson was educated in the common schools of 
T\-ringham,and at Lee Academy, in Massachusetts, with a view to fit 
him for the teacher's profession. He subsequently successfully taught 
school in his native state and in Delaware, until his failing health 
warned him to seek other occupation. He now began the study of 
medicine, graduating from the Berkshire Medical Institution in 1849. 
After two years he adopted homoeopathy, and practiced his profession 
in North Adams and Conway, Mass., locating in Meriden during the 
hard times of 1857, when the future of that place was very un- 
promising. His professional career has here been very successful and 
uninterruptedly continued. He established a large and lucrative 
practice, his patronage at one time embracing more than two-thirds of 
the grand list of the town. For several years past he has been 
assisted in his professional duties by his only son, Edgar A. Wilson, 
M. D., who graduated from the L^niversity of Pennsylvania in 1881, 
and who was a practitioner at Rockville, Conn., several years before 
he came to Meriden, where his services have lightened his father's 
cares. Doctor G. H. Wilson was married to Margaret A. Adams, of 
Pencader Hundred, Del., and this son is the issue of that union. 

In addition to his activity as a practitioner, Doctor Wilson has 
contributed to the medical knowledge of the country by writing sev- 
eral original papers, and in 1882 published a monograph, in which he 
established the theory of the epidemic nature of intermittent fevers 
in New England. During the past ten years he has also served as a 
member of the Connecticut Board of Health, his long experience and 
keen observation being of great u.se to that body. All the doctor's 
tastes are in the direction of liberal and scientific culture, and he is 
well informed in modern mechanical progress and invention. He 
has frequently given talks to his townsmen on subjects of natural 
science, among them being the telephone and a phonograph invented 
by himself two years before Edison invented an instrument of that 
nature. The doctor has always maintained an unabated interest in 
public schools, and in 1863 successfully advocated the abolition of the 
" rate bill," and making the schools of the town absolutely free to 
every child in Meriden. The wisdom of this action on the part of the 
town was confirmed by the state, which within two years thereafter 



624 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

passed a state law extending the same privilege to all the children of 
this commonwealth. Many other public interests have received his 
sanction or warm support, and he has not shunned the duties and 
cares of public office. He served the town as a member of the gen- 
eral assembly in 1880, and agam in 1882, his career in both sessions 
being beneficial to his constituents and creditable to himself. Living 
in a manufacturing community, the doctor has kept himself in touch 
with the life of the place, and is interested in several industries, serv- 
ing as the president and treasurer of a company organized for the 
manufacture of buckles and trimmings for arctic overshoes, etc. — a 
young but growing corporation. 

In the early years of his life Doctor Wilson united with the I\Iasonic 
order. He was the first commander of St. Elmo Commandery, No. 9, 
and passing through the chairs in order has attained to that of grand 
captain general of the Grand Commandery. He has taken the 32d 
degree in Lafayette Consistory, and is a member of Pyramid Temple. 
He is also an active member of the Ecclesiastical Society of the First 
Congregational church of Meriden, where he has been given oppor- 
ttmity to show his appreciation of religious truth. Although some- 
what independent in regard to theological systems, he has, without 
being a member of the Christian church, never failed of supporting 
the measures of the Gospel, and holds to a rigid morality in all the 
ways of life. His religious sentiments are exalted, and his thoughts 
upon such subjects, profound and liberal, are often evinced in his 
actions in his social and professional life. He served on the building 
committee of the present First Congregational church edifice — one of 
the finest in the state — which was greatly embellished by his artistic 
taste and effort to elevate the style of architecture. The finely orna- 
mented capitals, designed by him, are examples of his love for this 
work, and show his knowledge of sacred symbolism, expressing in 
carved and enduring stone the course of natural and revealed religion 
in the human heart. 

Doctor Wilson has a genial and benevolent nature, is a ready con- 
versationalist, loving controversial discussions, but is, withal, con.ser- 
vative in his speech and actions, and is justly considered an influential 
and popular citizen. 

Bertrand L. Yale is the son of Levi and Anna (Guy) Yale, and 
was born in Meriden, November 17th, 1820. Levi Yale was the son 
of Nathaniel, grandson of Thomas, and great-grand.son of David Yale, 
of Wrexham, Denbigh county, Wales, who married Ann Morton, 
daughter of Bishop Morton, of England, whose mother was daughter 
of Bishop Bonner. Upon the death of Mr. Yale she married The- 
ophilus Eaton, an opulent merchant of London, afterward governor 
of Connecticut. They, with David, Ann and Thomas, landed in Bos- 
ton in KilS, and in 10:57 removed to New Haven. Conn. Tiiomas re- 
moved to '■ W'allmgford plantation." and there resided until his- 



J"" ^*X:, 





HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 625 

death, honored with many public trusts. Captain Thomas Yale was 
a revolutionary soldier, having volunteered at the first call of the 
" Lexington alarm," and with him his sons old enough to go. 
Nathaniel went into the service later, being too young at the time of 
the call. Levi Yale was in the war of 1812, ensign of his company 
and commissary of the troops stationed along the coast from New 
Haven to Branford. He was twelve years in the Southern states 
merchandizing, and afterward was twelve j-ears postmaster in Meri- 
den, under Presidents Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren. He 
was representative to the general assembly, and held many honorary 
offices and trusts in INIeriden. 

The subject of this sketch, a son of Levi Yale, lived at home on 
the farm until twenty years old, when he commenced the manufac- 
ture of cigars in a small way, and afterward began bu.siness as a mer- 
chant tailor and dealer in furnishing goods. During this time he 
was appointed postmaster, which office he held eight years. In addi- 
tion to his other work, fire and life insurance were added, and this 
occupying so much of his time he disposed of his store and carried 
on the business of insurance for some 25 years. Mr. Yale then re- 
turned to his farm, which he has conducted since. 

Early in life he took an active part in politics; in those days to be 
a politician did not compromise a man's honesty; "boodle " was not 
in vogue, and " bar'lls " and " .soap " had not been introduced. For 
many years his business duties prevented Mr. Yale from active politi- 
cal work, until in 1888 he was induced to accept the nomination of 
alderman. He served on the finance and water committees, and in 
1889, in addition to these, on the committee on by-laws. His finan- 
cial ability and sound common sen.se made him an invaluable mem- 
ber in the council. During his last year he acted as mayor pro tern. 
He was for many years a director in the ]SIeriden Bank, until he de- 
clined a reelection. 

Mr. Yale married, February 4th, 1861, Chloe Elizabeth Holcombe, 
daughter of Honorable Raynor Holcombe, of East Granby, Conn., 
and has one daughter, Jennie Holcombe Yale. 

PERSONAL PARAGRAPHS. 

Warren C. Atkins, son of Benjamin and Emily (Clark) Atkins, was 
born in Meriden in 1812. He worked in the shop of Ashbel Griswold 
at what was then called Clarksville, for seven years, then in the tin 
shop of Stedman & Clark for many years. On account of poor health 
he gave up the business, and has since confined himself to farming. 
He married Lavina E., daughter of Anson Bradley, of Branford, Conn. 
His father .served in the war of 1812. 

Francis Atwater was born in 1857 in Plymouth, Litchfield county, 
Conn., and was educated in the common .schools. For a long time he 
worked for Luther G. Riggs, who printed the McrUcn Recorder. Later, 
39 



626 HISTORY OP' NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 

in 1877, he started the Wallingford Forum, which he conducted for 
over one vear. After leaving Wallinofford, he went to Phenix, R. I., 
and to Red Bank, N. J., working in both places on weekly papers. In 
1883 he went to Red Bluff, Cal., where he did local work on the Daily 
Sentinel, until its editor. Abraham Townsend, was shot by a political 
enemy. He then took charge of the editorial department, and ran the 
paper until 1884, when he came East and went into the job printing 
business, and in August of the same year started the Mericien Evening 
Star, a two cent paper, but on account of health had to give it up. 
The same year he published for other parties The Siindaj Wliisper, a 
Cheshire weekly, and also a Hartford Sunday morning paper. In 1886 
he transferred his entire plant to the Journal Publishing Company, 
since which time he has devoted his entire time to its management 
and development. The growth of the company has been phenom- 
enal, and to-day it has the most complete establishment of its kind in 
the .state, including the publication of the Meriden Daily Journal, a 
large job printing business, book bindery, stereotyping and electro- 
typing plants. 

A. E. Austin was born in 1839, in North Haven, Conn., and is a 
son of Joseph and Celia (Foote) Austin. His father died when he was 
14 years of age. He came to Meriden in 1868 and established himself 
in the butchering business, under the firm name of Coe & Austin, 
which continued about five years. The business was then sold to 
Charles Gretha, Mr. Coe going into the packing business and ^Ir. 
Austin into the livery and sale stable business, which he has since 
carried on. He married Ruth B., daughter of Eben J. Coe, of Middle- 
field, Conn. 

Ransom Baldwin, son of Ransom and vSarah (Twiss) Baldwin, was 
born in Meriden in 1836. He was brought lap on his father's farm, 
and has followed the wholesale and retail flour business for the past 
20 years, with farming. He married Mary, daughter of Orrin Hall, of 
Wallingford, Conn. His grandfathers, James Baldwin and Joseph 
Twiss, both served in the revolutionary Vv-ar. 

James M. Bartlett, -son of A.shley and Mary (Fay) Bartlett, was born 
in 1828, in Vernon, \^t. His father moved to Worcester, Mass., when 
he was five years old, and a few years after moved to Northborough, 
Ma.ss., where James was brought up on a farm. He afterward went 
to Hartford, Conn., where he learned the telegraph business, and in 
1849 came -to Meriden. He sent the first telegraphic dispatch that was 
sent out of Meriden. In 1857-8 he conducted the only livery business 
in Meriden. For eight years he was agent for Adams' Express Com- 
pany, al.so started the city baggage express, and for a long time car- 
ried on a teaming business, having at one time 23 horses. He has 
lately moved on his farm place, " The Merry Den," and is engaged in 
farming and stock raising. He has made many alterations and im- 
provements on his place, which is a delightful resort for summer 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 627 

boarders. He married Siiia A., daughter of Lj'nian Hall, of Walling- 
ford, Conn. 

Le Grand Bevins, son of Alvin E. and Lua (Booth) Bevins, was 
born in 1839, in Meriden, Conn. He was educated at the Meriden 
Academy, and afterward went to Ohio, where he studied for a year 
preparing for college. At the beginning of the war in 1861 he en- 
listed in the 29th Ohio Volunteers, and served there three years. The 
last year of service he was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, 
stationed at Albany, N. Y. He married Jennie L., oldest daughter of 
Captain Henry H. Stiles, of North Haven. Conn. At the close of the 
war he engaged in the soda business at New Haven for one year, and 
afterward at Meriden for six years. After that, having taken stock 
in the Meriden Silver Plate Company, he entered their employ, hav- 
ing charge of the finishing department for eighteen years. He was 
elected to the common council in 1875, served one year as councilman 
and one as alderman, was again elected alderman in 1882, and re- 
elected in 1884 and 1886. He has been chairman of the committee of 
the Corner school district since 1883. In 1887 he was elected town 
agent and first selectman, which position he .still holds. 

Eli C. Birdsey, son of Eli C. and Rebecca C. (Wilcox) Birdsey, was 
born in 1843, in Meriden, and was educated in the common schools of 
Meriden and the high school of Middleborough, Mass. He was first 
employed in the dry goods business, and in 1865 established a hard- 
ware and crockery business, under the firm name of Birdsey & Miles, 
buying out Harrison W. Curtis. They were also manufacturers of 
stationers' hardware. In 1876 they dissolved partnership, Mr. Miles 
taking the manufacturing business and Mr. Birdsey the store busi- 
ness, which has since been running under the firm name of Birdsey 
& Foster. He married Catherine, daughter of Lyman Butler, of 
Meriden. 

William H. Booth, son of Henry D. and Eliza A. (Curtis) Booth, 
was born in 1834, in Philadelphia, Pa., and was educated in the Meri- 
den schools. His father located in Meriden when William H. was a 
child. The latter has served on the committee of East school district. 
He has always followed farming and butchering, on the farm where 
his father settled. He married Isabel A., daughter of Linus Wilcox, 
of Middletown, Conn. His father followed the sea for 22 years, as 
captain IS years. 

George H. Bowker was born in 1855, in Charle.stowa, N. H., and was 
educated in the schools of his native place. For the past twelve years 
he has been identified with the hotel business, first as the proprietor 
of the old Windsor, at Holyoke, Mass., which he ran from 1878 to 1888. 
In 1884 he opened the Winthrop Hotel, Meriden, afterward started 
the Mellin House, Fall River, Ma.ss., and later the Hotel Hamilton, at 
Holyoke, Ma.ss., all of which, in company with his brother, he .still 
carries on. 



628 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 

Leonard H. Bradley, son of Major and Rosalia (Baker) Bradley, 
was born in Branford, Conn., in 1S40. At the age of nine years he 
went to live with his uncle, remaining seven years. He then engaged 
as apprentice with J. W. Russell, carriage manufacturer, Meriden, and 
served four years, after which he went to Plainville for a year and 
from there enlisted in Company G, 6th Connecticut Volunteers, serv- 
ing four years. At the close of the war he returned to Meriden, con- 
tinuing to follow the carriage making business, and March 4th, 1889, 
established business for himself as a member of the firm of Stickney 
& Bradley. He married Martha M., daughter of William Talmage, 
of Cheshire, Conn. He was elected alderman in 188G and in 1888. 

J. H. Breckenridge, son of Reuben and Sylvia (Cutter) Brecken- 
ridge, was born in Ware, Mass., in 1826, and came to J^Ieriden in 1849. 
He was foreman of what was the Curtis, Morgan & Co. Lock Com- 
pany, then engaged in the machinery and tool manufacturing busi- 
ness which was later merged into the Meriden iSIachine Company. He 
afterward engaged in manufacturing powder flasks, etc., under firm 
name of Frary, Benham & Co., and then was for six years salesman 
for Edward Miller & Co. Li 1865 he erected the building where the 
Meriden Silver Plate Company are, and sold it to J. H. Canfield & Co., 
hardware manufacturers, of which firm he was a member. Li 1868 
he built his present factory and manufactured special hardware and 
sheet metal goods, under the firm name of Breckenridge & Co., until 
1886. In 1872 he sold out his manufacturing business and built a 
foundry which he ran for ten years, then began manufacturing again, 
also carrying on the foundry business. Since January, 1887, they 
have been manufacturers of gas fixtures and art metal goods. Mr. 
Breckenridge married Lydia, daughter of Drake Brockett, of Green, 
N. Y., formerly of Meriden. He has served as alderman two terms, 
and was first president of the Y. M. C. A., and connected with it for 
15 years. 

J. R. Briggs, son of Delavan and Almira (Dockstader) Briggs, was 
born in New York city in 1859, and was educated in the public 
schools. He came to Meriden in 1885 and established the drug busi- 
ness which he has since carried on. He is also secretary of Sands 
Ventilating Fan Company. 

F. S. Brooks, son of Thomas and Louisa (Smith) Brooks, was born 
in 1857 in Meriden, and was educated in the common schools and at 
Yale Business College, New Haven. He has been employed for the 
pa.st 14 years by the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company 
and for the past eight years has had charge of the salesroom. 

William (). Butler, .son of Eli and Juliette (Ives) Butler, was born 
in IS.'il in Meriden, educated in the Meriden schools, at the "Gun- 
nery," Washington, Conn., and at Williston Academy, Easthampton, 
Mass. He was first employed by the Wilcox Silver Plate Company, 
then engaged in the shoe business a number of years, and afterward 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 629 

had charge of the Gas Company until the fall of 1887. He served as 
alderman one term. He married Nellie A., daughter of A. J. Fo.ster, 
of Westerly, R. I. 

Bela Carter, son of Silas J. and Ruth (Vining) Carter, was born 
February 6th, 1828. at Hardwick, Worcester county, Mass., and was 
educated in the common schools of his native place. He learned his 
trade in Palmer, Mass., in 1846, then spent two years in Springfield, 
Mass., and came to Meriden in 1850. In 1852 he established business 
for himself, and was the first in the state that put in paper hangings 
in connection with the painting business. He held the office of 
first selectman during the war, was councilman 1 year, chairman of 
school committee 6 years, treasurer of military fund 4 years, alderman 
for 4 successive years, assessor 6 years, and notary public for the past 30 
years. When 16 years of age he began teaching penmanship. He 
married December 5th, 1850, Mary J., daughter of Captain Butler 
Barrett of Belchertown, Mass. 

J. H. Chase was born in 1847 in Minot, Maine. He came to Meri- 
den in 1886, and has since been superintendent and later also secre- 
tary of the ^-Eolian Organ & Music Company. He was for seven 
years with the Mason & Hamlin Organ Company, and has been in 
the Automatic Organ business since it started. He is married to 
Emma R., daughter of A. M. Hitchcock, of Boston, Mass. 

Henry J. Church, son of James and Hulda (Barnes) Church, was 
born in East Haven, Conn., August 1st, 1831. At the age of 17 he 
came to Meriden as apprentice for George R. Willmot, in the furni- 
ture and undertaking business, served his time and worked in Mr. 
Willmot's employ a few years. Afterward he worked for the Charles 
Parker Company a year or two, and about two years for Snow, Brooks 
& Co., manufacturers. He was next employed again in the furniture 
business up to the time the war broke out. He served three years in 
the 15th Connecticut Infantry, and after being mustered out, came 
home, and in the fall of 1865 bought out William M. Smith, then in 
the undertaking business, which he has since carried on, and which 
is the oldest undertaking establishment in Meriden. He married 
Elizabeth A., daughter of Luke T. and Elizabeth Draper, of Massa- 
chusetts. Since he has been in the bu.siness he has buried more 
people than the population of Meriden was at the time he started. 

E. B. Clark, .son of Lewis E. and Eliza (Benjamin) Clark, was born 
in 1841, in Milford, Conn., and was educated in the Milford schools 
and at boarding school at Dudley, Conn. He was for a time employed 
in New Haven as clerk in the grocery and meat business. He en- 
listed in the 27th Connecticut Volunteers, served his time, and in 1863 
started a store in Birmingham, Conn. In the spring of 1865 he came 
to South Meriden, where he has since earned on the mercantile busi- 
ness, and for the past 15 years has been postmaster. He married 
Sarah L., daughter of Evans Williams, of Birmingham, Conn. His 



630 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

father was a carriage painter by trade, but his health faihng, he en- 
gaged in farming, and died when E. B. was five years old. His grand- 
father was Thomas Clark. His great-grandfather, Elisha Clark, did 
service as coast guard during the revolutionary war. His great-grand- 
mother was a Beach, and lived to be 93 years of age. 

George L. Clark, son of Lyman and Mary S. (Highby) Clark, was 
born in 1841, in Westfield, Conn., and was educated in common 
schools and academy. He came with his father to Meriden when he 
was seven years old. He carried on the machine business four years, 
under the firm name of N. C. Stiles & Co., making power presses, dies 
and general machinery, afterward carried on the coal business for a 
few years, and for the past 15 years has dealt largely in horses from 
the West and North. He carries on the Silver City Stock Farm. 
When his father came to Meriden he took up his residence where 
George L. now resides. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, but 
followed the lumber and coal business, and at one time ran a planing 
mill. He was born in Westfield, August 16th, 1810, and died in Meri- 
den, February 10th, 1884. George L. first married Fannie, daughter 
of Cyrus Burroughs, of Meriden. His present wife is Junietta M., 
daughter of David L. vSawyer, of Deep River, Conn. 

William S. Clark, .son of William L. and Elizabeth N. (Dunham) 
Clark, was born in Middletown, Conn., in 18o7, and was educated at 
the Middletown High vSchool. He apprenticed himself to the city en- 
gineer of Middletown, remaining with him for four years, and has 
since followed civil engineermg. His first railroad work was with 
the Air Line road, on bridge work, afterward on the Hartford & Con- 
necticut River extension, and later on the Meriden & Cromwell and 
Meriden & Waterbury roads. He was then elected street commis- 
sioner of the city of Middletown, and after serving in 'that capacity for 
15 months, resigned to engage on work for the Meriden & Waterbury 
railroad, having charge of the first division of construction. He came 
to Meriden in 1887, was appointed city engineer in January, 1888, and 
reappomted in 1880, 1890 and 1891. 

John W.Coe, son of Ebenezer J. and Phebe (Birdsey) Coe, was born 
in Middlefield, Conn., in 1841. He was first employed with Parker 
Brothers in the butcher business, and afterward with Deacon John 
Yale. In 1801 he established business for himself under the firm 
name of Coe & Hall, which continued about three years. Afterward 
he started the city market firm of Coe & Cahill. Since 1875 he has 
carried on a wholesale butcher business under the firm name of Bar- 
tholomew & Coe. He married Sarah A., daughter of Elisha Williams, 
of Wallingford, Conn. He has for many years been a director in the 
First National Bank. 

W. R. Coe, son of Calvin and Harriet (Rice) Coe, was born in 1839, 
in Meriden, and was educated in the common schools and at SuSield 
Literary Institution, graduating in 1800. He then began business on 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 631 

the farm where he was born, and remained there until 1870, when he 
located on the Bradley place, and in 1888 moved to his present place. 
He married Mary E., daughter of Amon Andrews, of Meriden. Amon 
Andrews ran the old grist mill known as Andrews' mill, which was 
also carried on by his father before him. 

C. H. Collins, son of Lyman and Elizabeth (Carter) Collins, was 
born in Meriden in 1823, was educated at John D. Post's Meriden 
Academy, and taught school one winter. He was employed in the 
office of Lsbell, Curtis & Co.. manufacturers of door handles and locks, 
afterward changed to Curtis, Morgan & Co., and later removed to 
Norwalk, Conn., and known as the Norwalk Lock Company. He 
continued with them about two years, then went to Hartford for 
about two years in the Yankee notion business, afterward engaged 
with Butler & Collins in the grocery busine.ss, then established for 
himself under the firm name of A. L. & C. H. Collins, afterward 
Collins & Co., then Collins & Brooks, then C. H. Collins. He after- 
ward was connected with J. Wilcox & Co., woolen manufacturers, for 
ten years, and in 1875 again started in the grocery business, which 
has since been carried on under the firm name of Collins & Miller. 
He was at one time a director in the Home National Bank, also in 
the J. Wilcox & Co. woolen manufacturing company. He married 
Sarah C, daughter of James S. Brooks, of Meriden. 

Reuben T. Cook, son of Ossian and Lucy (Pardee) Cook, was born 
in 1840 in Wallingford, Conn., and was educated in the common 
schools of Northford, and at Durham high school. He was brought 
up on his father's farm until IS years old, then learned the carpenter 
trade, and at the age of 21 carried on business in Wallingford for one 
year. In 1862 he came to Meriden, working in a meat market, then 
ran the up town branch of S. J. Hall's feed business, and later estab- 
lished a grocery business under the firm name of Ives & Cook, which 
continued for five years. Mr. Ives then sold his interest, and Mr. 
Cook continued the business alone for 11 years. February 11th, 
1884, he established a wholesale fruit business under the firm name of 
Curtis & Cook, which is still carried on. Mr. Cook represented the 
town in the legislature in 1883, and the same year went to California 
with the St. Elmo Knights Templars. He has been selectman, and 
has since been elected to various offices, all of which he has declined. 
He married Elnora M., daughter of Richard Miller, of Meriden, and 
their children are: Althea M., Lulu (died in infancy), Florence and 
Vergil M. 

Robert H. Curtis was born in 1845 in Meriden, educated in the 
common schools of Meriden, and at Cheshire Academy, and graduated 
from Trinity College, Hartford, in the class of '68. He was principal 
of Plattsville graded school until 1873, and since that time has been 
.secretary and treasurer of the Meriden Silver Plate Company. He 
served two years as alderman, being chairman of finance committei., 



682 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

afterward auditor, and for a number of years a member of board of 
school visitors. 

.Samuel Dodd, son of .Samuel and Frances (Bull) Dodd, was born 
in 1884, at Hartford, Conn., and was educated in the common and 
high schools of Hartford. He was for five years employed in the drug 
business of Lee & Butler, Hartford, was afterward in the City Bank, 
Hartford, as teller and discount clerk, and in 1857 came to Meriden as 
cashier in the Home National Bank. He is at present secretary and 
treasurer of the Wilcox Silver Plate Company. He is a director in 
the Home Bank and secretary and treasurer of the Meriden Gas Com- 
pany since its organization. He married Catherine, daughter of 
James vS. Brooks, of Meriden. Mr. Dodd has served as a member of 
the state legislature. 

E. J. Doolittle, son of Reverend E. J. and Jane E. (Sage) Doolittle, 
was born in Hebron, Conn., in 1845, and was educated at the Guilford 
Institute. He has been engaged in the manufacture of paper boxes 
in Meriden since 1862. He served as alderman two terms, as mayor 
for five consecutive terms, as state senator in 1887 and 1888. He is a 
director in the Home National Bank and the Meriden Fire Insurance 
Company. He married Martha W., daughter of George Couch, of 
Meriden. 

John E. Durand, son of George A. and Eunice (Clark) Durand.was 
born in 1883, in Cheshire, Conn., and was educated in the common 
schools. His father died when he was eight years old and he went to 
live with a farmer in Cheshire. When lo years of age he came to 
Meriden to work for a Mr. Griswold, bone- button maker, and lived 
with him and attended school in Hanover. He learned the joiner's 
trade, working for his brother, then went to Waterbury, finishing his 
, trade there and working for the Waterbury Lumber & Coal Com- 
pany for 17 years. In 1862 he enlisted in the 14th Connecticut 
Volunteers, serving a little over one year; was injured at Bell Plain 
Landing, Va., and discharged from the service with a pension from 
that day, April, 1868. Returning to Waterbury he remained there 
until 1869, when he came to Meriden and engaged with the Meriden 
Steam Mill & Lumber Company, of which he was secretary and treas- 
urer one year. He afterward traveled for one year for C. P. Colt, in 
the patent medicine business, was then elected constable of the town 
of Meriden, holding that office one year, and at the same time was 
engaged in the real estate business, which he has carried on ever 
since. He has been a Mason for 20 years, and is a member of the G. 
A. R. He married Roxanna S., daughter of Doctor M. D. Root, of 
Waterbury, and granddaughter of Elder Samuel Potter, who was the 
old pioneer Baptist preacher of Woodbridge and Salem. 

J. D. Eggleston, M. D., son of Jere and Louisa fCarew) Eggleston, 
was born in 1858 at Longmeadow, Mass. He was educated at Williston 
Seminary, Easthampton, at Williams College, Williamstown, Ma.ss., 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 633 

and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York city, grad- 
uating from the latter in 1879. He began practice at Windsor Locks, 
Conn., with Doctor S. R. Burnap, his preceptor. In 1880 he began 
practice in Meriden. He is a member of the state and county medical 
societies. He was elected to the board of aldermen in 1888, and is 
chairman of the health committee. He married Elizabeth C, daughter 
of Honorable Thomas Duncan, of Wind.sor, Conn. 

Frank P. Evarts. son of Philo G. and Jane P. (Seward) Evarts, was 
born in Hudson, N. Y., in 1846, and was educated at Oberlin, Ohio. 
In his early days he went West, and when the war broke out, came to 
Meriden and enlisted m the 12th Connecticut Yolunteers, serving two 
years and two months. He was elected alderman in 1889. He has 
been foreman for the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company 
since 1871. He married Mary H., daughter of Doctor Woodbridge 
Bodwell, of Farmington, Conn. 

Charles L. Floto was born in Germany in 1838. and came to Amer- 
ica with his mother in 1848, locating at Warehouse Point, Conn. From 
there he went to Broad Brook, where he lived two and a half years, 
and then to Rockville. While in Broad Brook and Rockville he worked 
in the woolen mills. He then removed to Hotchkissville, remaining 
there four years; then to South Britain, then to Waterbury, and in 
1857 came to Meriden to work for the Bradley & Hubbard Manufac- 
turing Company, in charge of the shade and lamp department, remain- 
ing in their employ for 17 years. He then worked as a clerk in a 
shoe store one year, then one year with Edward Miller & Co. He 
afterward bought out John A. Parker in the shoe business, which he 
ran for 12 years. On account of his health he sold out and took a trip 
to Europe, traveling most of the time until 1884, when he came home. 
In the winter of 1885 he went south, and returning to Meriden began 
improving his property and following the real estate business. In 
1888 he again went to Europe. In 1889 he took a trip through the 
South and West. Since that time his attention has been given to 
building and attending to the improvement of his real estate. He 
built his present residence in 1864. His mother died in Meriden, aged 
85. He married Mary U. Uschnig, of Austi-ia. 

Roger M. Ford, son of Roger Whiting and Emily (Moulthrop) 
Ford, was born in 18.34, in New Marlborough, Mass., was brought up 
on a farm, and was educated at North Haven, where he spent the most 
of his time after he was nine years of age. He came to Meriden in the 
winter of 1859. For two years before the war he ran an engine for the 
Meriden Britannia Company. At the commencement of the war the 
family moved to Newark. N. J. He was for a time in the internal 
revenue department. In 1868 he returned to Meriden and was em- 
ployed with the Wilcox Silver Plate Company, and afterward with the 
Meriden Britannia Company; was two years on the police force and 
one of the orio-inal members. He then went to Massachusetts for four 



634 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 

years, and returning to Meriden was employed by the Meriden Silver 
Plate Company. In 1878 he was again on the police force as patrol- 
man, and was appointed chief in February, 1883. He married Phebe 
A., daughter of Andrew N. Mason, of Colchester, Conn., a descendant 
of Captain John Mason. He enlisted ^pril 17th, 1861, for three 
months, as private in Company F, 1st Connecticut Volunteers; was 
mustered April 23d, 1861; promoted to corporal July 6th, 1861, at Falls 
Church, Va.; was at the battle of Bull Run, and was discharged July 
31st, 1861. He enlisted September 21st, 1861, for three years, in 
Company K, Sth Connecticut Volunteers; was mustered in as second 
lieutenant vSeptember 22d, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant March 
18th, at Newbern, and to captain of Company G, March 7th, 1803, at 
Newport News, Va.; and was discharged vSeptember 2d, 1864, at Annap- 
olis, Md., on account of wounds received at Petersburgh, Va., June 
2r)th, 1804. He enlisted at New Haven January 3d, I860, as private 
in the Sth Connecticut Volunteers; was promoted to first sergeant. 
Company E, February 0th, 1865, at Chapins Farm, Va.; promoted to 
captain Company G, March 1st, 1865, and was mustered out December 
12th, 1865. He was in the following battles: Roanoke Island, New- 
bern, Fort Macon, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburgh, Wall- 
thai Junction, Swift Creek, Drury's Bluff, and at the taking of Rich- 
mond, April 3d, 1865. 

F. E. Fowler, son of Dennis and JNIaria (Coe) Fowler, was born in 
Guilford, Conn., in 1845, and was educated at a private school in Mid- 
dlefield. Conn., and at Meriden Academy. He moved to Middlefield 
when 12 years of age, and was brought up on a farm. He started in 
the butcher business in Middletown when 22 years of age in the firm 
of Coe, Newell & Fowler, later Newell & Fowler. In 1883 he estab- 
lished business in Meriden under the firm name of Horton, Eaton & 
Fowler. Mr. Eaton sold his interest, and the firm has since been 
Horton & Fowler. Mr. Fowler married Sabina A., daughter of 
Harry Nettleton, of Durham, Conn. He was elected councilman in 
1889. 

George B. Francis, youngest and only surviving child of Lyman 
and Mary ( Blaksley) Francis, grandson of Jacob, whose father, Jacob, 
was a son of Joseph Francis, was born in 1841. He is a farmer on the 
homestead of his father. He is a member of Meriden Grange, No. 29, 
P. of H. He married Emily J., daughter of Horace and Esther R. 
(John,son) Andrews. Their children are: Howard A., Willie L., born 
March IHth, 1890, died May 20th, 1890; and Clayton H., born July 23d, 
1891. 

William Garlick, son of William and Harriet (Darien) Garlick, was 
born in 1847 in England, and came to America with his parents in 
1849, locating in Meriden. He learned his trade of table knife finisher 
with his father, and first went to work in New Britain, as inspector at 
the Etna Works. Since 1871 he has worked at etching for the Meri- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 635 

den Cutlery Company. He has been in the ice business since 1877. 
A Mr. Belden was the first one in the ice business, then came Carpen- 
ter & Goodwell, then William Garlick and Mr. Williams. William, 
Jr., bought his father out in 1877, and Mr. Williams in 1879. It 
is now a joint stock company. His father, after leaving the fac- 
tory, followed the nursery business, and died in 1880. His mother 
died in 1882. Mr. Garlick married Nellie M. Stevens, of South Mer- 
iden. 

L. F. Geisler was born in 1840 in Baltimore, Md., and was educated 
in the schools of New York, Brooklyn and Sandwich, Mass. He 
learned the trade of glass cutting in Sandwich, serving seven years, 
going from there to Boston, where he followed his trade. In 1861 he 
enlisted in the First Mas.sachusetts Regiment, and served three years. 
At the close of the war he went to New York and worked at his trade, 
and in 1867 came to Meriden, where he worked for Parker & Caspar, 
at glass cutting. In 1871 he established business for himself on Pratt 
street, and in 1876 built his present place on North Colony and Gris- 
wold streets, where he established the grocery business. He is a 
member of the Knights of Columbus, and the Ancient Order of United 
Workmen. He married Marcella Kenelty, of Albany, N. Y., in 1870. 
Their children are : Mary E.. Kattie E., Francis P., Frederick L., Wil- 
liam H., Maud (died in infancy"), Josephine R., Ambrose and Charles. 

R. S. Gladwin, son of Joseph and Sarah (Doane) Gladwin, was born 
at Saybrook, Conn., in 1823. He learned the blacksmith trade at Deep 
River, Conn., bought out his emploj^er and carried on the business 
himself, for three years. Afterward he built a shop at Westbrook, 
remained there two years, and in 1844 came to Meriden, where he 
worked at his trade two or three years. He was afterward with Snow 
& Parker until 1849, and went to California in March of that year, 
remaining there three years and a half. Returning to Meriden he 
built a blacksmith shop, which he ran for a few years, then having 
taken stock in the company of Snow & Parker, and being a director 
in the company, he became foreman of their blacksmith shop. In 
1861 he went to Europe to bring his wife home, who had gone there 
for her health. On his return he continued in charge of the forging 
department of the Parker shop until 1864, when he went to New 
Britain and started a shop for Landers, Frary & Clark. He remained 
there for 18 months, and returning to Meriden started a forging shop 
for himself in a part of the building now occupied by the Meriden 
Journal. He afterward bought the property where he built his present 
shop, and carried on the forging business under the name of Smith & 
Gladwin. Mr. Smith sold his interest, and the firm was Wetmore & 
Gladwin until 1872, when the United States Steel vShear Company was 
organized by Isaac C. Lewis, Lemuel J. Curtis, John Sutliff, S. H. 
Wood, A. C. Wetmore, R. S. Gladwin and others. At the end of six 
years the company was consolidated with the Miller Brothers Cutlery 



636 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Company. Mr. Gladwin ha.s since been manufacturing metal shears. 
He was mayor of Meriden in 1869, also .served as councilman. He 
married Eunice A., daughter of David Averill, of Branford. Conn. 

F. P. Griswold, M. D.,.son of Samuel and Susan (Pratt) Griswold, was 
born in Essex, Conn., in 1850. He was educated in the common schools, 
and at the Sufiheld Institution. He graduated from the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons of New York city in 1876, and afterward 
spent a year and a half in Bellevue Hospital. He first practiced 
medicine in Guilford, Conn., from 1877 to 1883, afterward spent .six 
months in Florida for his health, then spent six months at the Poly- 
clinic in New York, coming to Meriden in the fall of 1884, where he 
has since practiced. He is a member of county and city medical 
societies. He married Caroline P., daughter of AVilliam .Seward and 
Caroline Hull, of Madison, Conn. 

N. F. Griswold, son of Martin and Sarah (Fowler) Griswold, was 
born in 1824, in Lockport, N. Y. At the age of 11 years he was 
employed in a store in East Haddam, Conn. He came from Middle- 
town to Meriden when 16 years of age, where he learned his trade with 
Pomeroy & Ives, after which he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, for two 
years, then returned to Meriden. In 1849, during the gold excitement, 
he went to California for two or three years, returned to Meriden again 
and soon after went to Holyoke, Mass., engaging in the tin ware and 
stove bu.siness for a few years, then returned to Meriden, engaging 
with Pomeroy, Leonard & Co., tin ware manufacturers, in East Meri- 
den, for a few years. About 1857 he bought them out and carried on 
the business himself until about 1863, when he established the retail 
business in Meriden, running the manufacturing business in connec- 
tion, which he afterward sold out, carrying on the retail business only, 
since that time. After five or six years he took in a partner, and for 
a time the firm was Griswold & Searles. They dissolved, and Mr. 
Griswold carried on the business alone for a few years. Then Mr. 
Lewis, son of Isaac C. Lewis, became a partner, and the firm was 
Griswold & Lewis, later Griswold, Lewis & Glock, and still later 
Griswold, Richmond & Glock, until July 1st, 1889, when they organ- 
ized a stock company known as the Griswold, Richmond & Glock 
Cooperative Company; N. F. Cxriswold, president; John L. Richmond, 
treasurer; Charles C. Glock, superintendent. Mr. Griswold's first wife 
was Eliza, daughter of Ambro.se Williams, of Meriden. His present 
wife is Myra, daughter of Samuel Rockwell, of Hartford, Conn. 

George J. Grossman, son of Rudolph and Frances (Yost) Grossman, 
was born in 1847 in Hoechst, on the Maine, and came to America in 
1867, working in New York, New Jersey, Boston and other places, until 
1876, when he came to Meriden and bought out F. W. Shelley, who 
established the monument business in 1869, and which Mr. Grossman 
has since carried on. He married Madeline, daughterof Jacob Ku.ster, 
of Hartford, Conn. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVKN COUNTY. 637 

George H. Haas was born in Germany in 1829, came to America in 
1854, and located in the town of Meriden near the Wallingford line. 
He worked in what was then vSanford's auger shop in Wallingford, 
where he remained 12 years. He moved to Yale.sville in 1857, and in 
1864 located on his present farm in Meriden, continuing to work in 
the auger shop until about 18(38. Since that time he has been in the 
farming and milk business. He married Margaret, daughter of John 
Bader, of Germany, in 1854. She was a passenger on the same ship 
with him to this country. Their children are: Henry W., born 1855, 
in Meriden, married Mary C, daughter of Herman Duis, a native of 
New Orleans, but for the past 20 years a resident of Meriden; Albert 
F., died 1879; and Katie B. 

A. F. Hall, son of L. L. and Lucy A. (Bush) Hall, was born in 1841, 
at East Hampton, Conn., and was educated at the common and private 
schools of his native place, finishing his studies at Fall River, Mass. 
He was interested in the manufacture of horseshoe nails in New 
London for about two years, and was engaged a short time in manu- 
facturing in New Haven. In 18(59 he went to Canton, Ohio, and 
organized a stock company for the manufacture of steam engines and 
machinery, and was office manager and a director in the company. 
Afterward he was called to Montreal, Canada, in charge of the agency 
for the L^nion Mutual Life Insurance Company, which he conducted 
for six or .seven years. Since October, 1880, he has been with Man- 
ning, Bowman & Co., Aleriden. He enlLsted August 23d, 1862, in the 
14th Connecticut Volunteers, served with that regiment through the 
battle of Antietam, was afterward transferred to Veteran Reserve 
Corps at New Haven, served three years and was discharged there, in 
1865. He was elected councilman of the city of Meriden in 1888. He 
married Martha H., daughter of Byron W. Nichols, of New Haven. 

Reverend A. H. Hall, son of Samuel W. and Margaret B. (Knowl- 
ton) Hall, was born in Boston, Mass., March 7th, 1845, and graduated 
from Harvard University in 1867. He then spent three years in Eu- 
rope and the Orient, studying and ti'aveling, a part of the time study- 
ing at the LTniversity of Berlin. He afterward spent three years at 
the Theological Seminarv, Andover, Ma.ss. He was ordained and in- 
stalled pastor of the First Congregational church of Meriden in March, 
1875, continuing there four years. After an interval of one year in 
Boston, he was called to the Center church, Meriden, in March, 1880, 
and has been pastor there since. Since 1880 he has spent six sum- 
mers in Europe; in 1891 was a delegate to the International Council of 
Congregationalists in London. His published pamphlets have been : 
"A Study of Mr. Froude's Historical Methods," 1887; "The Mission of 
the Church to Intelligence and Wealth," 1888; '"Studies in the Sermon 
on the Mount," 1891. He married Mary D., daughter of Deacon Ed- 
ward Twichell, of Plantsville, Conn. Mrs. Hall was educated at Abbott 
Female Seminarv, Andover, Mass. 



638 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Erwin D. Hall, born in 1886 in New Marlborough, Mass., is a .son 
of Edward and Clarissa (Burnham) Hall. He was educated at the 
common schools and at Williams Academy, Stockbridge, Mass. He 
came to Meriden about J851, and was employed as foreman of the 
sewing machine department of the Charles Parker Company, and 
afterward engaged in the grocery business a .short time. He enlisted 
in the 8th Connecticut Regiment, and was appointed second lieuten- 
ant. On account of wounds received at the battle of Drurv's Bluff 
he was discharged, October Gth, 1&(>4, and then appointed in charge of 
the government bakery at Point Lookout, Md., where the troops were 
fed; also about 2r),0oo rebel prisoners. On his return to Meriden at 
the close of the war he married Lucy A., daughter of Captain Ben- 
jamin Latham, of Mystic Bridge, town of Stonington, Conn. He then 
engaged in the insurance business. He was town and city collector 
for four years. In April, 1877, he was appointed postmaster at Meri- 
den, and continued in office until February, 1886. He then resumed 
the insurance business, which he has since carried on. In May, 1890, 
he was elected secretary and treasurer of the Breckenridge Manufac- 
turing Company, and since then has given most of his time to the 
management of this concern. 

George L. Hall, son of Noah and Harriet ( Hotchkiss) Hall, was 
born in ]\Ieriden in 1822, in the same house where he has always lived, 
and was brought up on his father's farm. He taught school for 14 
winters, working on the farm summers. He served as one of the 
committee on the high .school building, and also as committee of the 
Northeast school district. He married vSarah, daughter of Joseph Al- 
worth, of England, who came to America m 1843, his children coming 
two years later. He always followed the manufacturing business, 
and came from Great Barrington, Ma.ss., where he was employed in 
woolen manufacturing, to Meriden, entering the employ of Charles 
Parker, remaining until his death. 

Nekson Hall, son of Orrin and Annie G. (Hall) Hall, was born in 
Meriden in 1821, and remained on his father'.s farm until the age of 
21, when he started in the peddling business, which he carried on for 
six years. He then began the manufacture of Britannia goods in 
Middletown. and from there went to Middlefield, and about 1853 sold 
out the business to the Meriden Britannia Company and came back to 
Meriden, locating on the old homestead, where he has since carried on 
farming. In 1873 he built his present hou.se near the site of the old 
one. He served on the board of relief several years. He married 
Alma E., daughter of Ira Preston, of Meriden. 

Russell Hall, .son of Orrin and Annie G. (Hall) Hall, was born in 
Meriden in 1835, and was brought up on his father's farm until he 
was 1!) years of age. He then started in the tin peddling business, 
which he followed for IS) years. About 1861 he located at his present 
place, where he has since been engaged in manufacturing peddlers' 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 639 

supplies and tin ware, and dealing in all kinds of paper stock and 
metals, but of late 3'ears has given more attention to grocers' sup- 
plies, including tin and glass ware, wooden ware, cutlery, paper bags, 
paper of all kinds, etc. He was married, first, to Emily S., daughter of 
Ira Preston, of Meriden. His present wife is Mary E., daughter of 
Ransom Baldwin, of Meriden. 

Wilbur B. Hall, son of Lewis and Lucy M. (Birdsey) Hall, was borti 
in Meriden in 1860, and was educated in the common schools. He 
was employed for six years with the Wilcox vSilver Plate Company, 
Meriden, established business for him.self in 1882, and in 1885 built 
his present factory, where he is engaged in manufacturing silver 
plated and white metal goods. He married Lillie E., daughter of 
George Beckley, of Meriden. 

Daniel H. Hart, son of Samuel L and Abigail D. (Hall) Hart, was 
born in 1815 at Meriden. He was brought upon a farm, and was edu- 
cated in the common schools and at Suffield Institution. At the age 
of 21 he went to live on the farm of Daniel Hall, his grandfather on 
his mother's side, where he remained until after the war closed. He 
then located on his present farm, which was formerly owned and occu- 
pied by Isaac Lewis. He married Harriet G., daughter of Samuel 
Miller, of Middletown, Conn., in 1840. His grandfather, Benjamin 
Hart, was in the revolutionary war, and died at the age of 85. 

Ives W. Hart, son of Daniel H. and Harriet G. (Miller) Hart, was 
born in 1842 in Meriden, was educated at the Meriden Academ\\ and 
has always followed farming. He has been clerk of the East school 
district since 1885, and treasurer of Meriden Grange, No. 29, since its 
organization. 

Herman Hess, born April 4th, 1861, in Meriden, is a son of Fred- 
erick and Johanna (Yobke) Hess. He received a common school edu- 
cation. He was employed in the dry goods business about five years, 
was in the ticket and freight offices of the N. Y., N. H. & H. railroad 
five years, and was afterward employed for five years with the Meri- 
den Malleable Iron Company. In 1883 he was elected city auditor to 
fill the vacancy caused by the death of Frederick B. Derby; in October, 
1886, was elected town clerk and registrar of vital statistics; was elected 
city clerk in December, 1886, and reelected each year since. He 
married Eugenia D., daughter of the late Norman W. Pomeroy, of 
Meriden. 

Fred. M. Hotchkiss, son of H. Dwight and Eliza (Smith) Hotchkiss, 
was born in Prospect, Conn., in 1846. He was employed by H. L. 
vSpencer, grocer, of Meriden, for two years. In 1868 he went to New 
Haven as bookkeeper in the wholesale grocery house of Yale & Bryan, 
remaining with them as bookkeeper three years, then went on the 
road as salesman. In 1869 he started in the brokerage business in 
New Haven, remaining about one year, then entered the employ of 
E. Henry Barnes, pork packer, and in 1871 established a wholesale 



C4() HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

and retail grocery business in Waterbury, continuing for six years. 
He spent the winters from LS?? to 1879 in the South on account of 
his health, devoting the rest of the time to settling the estate of his 
grandfather, David M. Hotchkiss. He afterward started on the road 
again for the wholesale grocery and importing house of J. D. Dewell 
& Co., New Haven, remaining with them until he started business in 
Meriden. Several years previous to leaving Dewell & Co., he had 
established a carriage repository and harness business, now known as 
the Meriden Harness Company, in Menden, and March 1st, 1889, 
established a wholesale grocery business. He is wholesale agent for 
some of the largest companies in the country. He is first vice-presi- 
dent of the Connecticut Commercial Travelers' Association, national 
director of the Travelers' Protective Association of America, and his 
voice is often heard on the floors of conventions of traveling men in 
defen.se of the commercial travelers and their interests. He married 
Nellie A., daughter of H. L. Spencer, of Meriden. 

H. E. Hubbard, born in 1844 in Haddam, Conn., is a son of 
Epaphro and Achsah (Dickinson) Hubbard. In 1866 he went to Hart- 
ford, engaging in the stair building busine.ss in the firm of C. B. May 
& Co. In 1872 he came to Meriden and established business for him- 
self on vState street, in what was known as the Old Meriden Steam 
Mill, which was burned in tlie summer of 1873. A year after he built 
a planing mill on Cherry .street, which was burned in 1875, and in 
1877 or 1878 he built his present place on Center street. He married 
Lora B., daughter of Orrin Hale, of (rlastonbury. Conn. He was- 
alderman of the First ward two years, and once first selectman of the 
town. 

Oliver J. D. Hughes, M. D., son of Honorable John H. Hughes, of 
Bushey Park, Herts, England, and Sophie L. Tidblom, was born in 
the port of Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, 37 years ago. He was 
educated at St. John's Grammar School, Buenos Aires, Royal Surrey 
Cadets, Peckham, London, Real Gymnasium, Mannheim and Heidel- 
berg University (degree Ph. B. 1871) Germany. He received the 
degree of M. D. from Long Island College Hospital in 1875. He passed 
the German Army Medical Board (3d Army) in 1870, and served 
through the Franco-German War (1870-71) in Third (Crown Prince's) 
Army, Medical Department; was decorated with Iron Cross, Baden 
Cross of Merit and war medal. He was house surgeon at Long Island 
College Hospital and Eastern District Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y., 
hou.se surgeon and chief of staff at Marine Hospital, Stapleton, 
vStaten Island, N. Y., also assistant under Doctor Kitchen at Ward's 
Island Emigration A.sylum, N. Y., and was surgeon Pacific Mail 
Steamship Company, Mexican Alail, and inspector on board of health, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. He first went into private practice at Fultonville, 
N. Y., for a few months, then went to Brooklyn, N. V., and was asso- 
ciated with Doctor J. G. Johnson. From there he went into the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 641 

Mexican service, coming home to be married to Jennie W. Toothe of 
Brooklyn, N. Y., and returning with her to Mexico. He returned to 
the United States and settled in Meriden six years ago, at 38i West 
Main street. He has been town physician for four years, me.nber of 
board of school visitors, and health board and high school committee, 
and is a member of state, county and city medical societies. He 
erected his present residence in 1890 at SB East Main street. 

P. Ethan Hull, son of Cornelius and Polly (Rogers) Hull, was born 
in Meriden in 1836, and was educated at Meriden Academy. He was 
first employed in grocery and dry goods stores and afterward in the 
harness business. He then went West for one year selling lumber. 
Returning East he established himself in the stationers' hardware 
business, under the firm name of Hull & Co. He was afterward for 
13 years with Miller Brothers Cutlery Company, and since that time 
has been superintendent of the Meriden Saddlery & Leather Com- 
pany. He has served two years in the council. He married Frances 
L., daughter of Ezra Pratt, of Meriden. His father was for a great 
many years in charge of the coffee mill department of the Charles 
Parker Company. 

John A. Hurley, born in 1854 at New Haven, Conn., is a son of 
William and Ellen (Ray) Hurley. He was employed in the dry goods 
bu.siness with Edward Malley, New Haven, Conn., from 1871 to 1879, 
and from January, 1879, was employed as bookkeeper for McMahon & 
Wren, wholesale liquor dealers, Bridgeport, Conn. He was admitted 
to the firm February 1st, 1886, the firm name becoming McMahon, 
Wren & Co., and went to Meriden June 1st, 1888, to take active part 
in the management of the Meriden Brewing Company. He married 
Margaret A., daughter of Thomas S. Byrne, of New Haven. The 
Meriden Brewing Company was organized in 1887. The members of 
the company were J. H. McMahon and P. W. Wren, of the wholesale 
liquor firm of McMahon, Wren & Co., Bridgeport, Conn., and W. E. 
Green and J. A. Hurley. The company advanced and developed more 
rapidly than any other brewery in the country. In a little over two 
years they built up a business that reached into every corner of this 
state, and that extended to all or nearly all the commercial centers of 
the country. It is the largest bi'ewery between New York and Boston, 
and posses.ses an annual producing capacity of 100,000 barrels. One 
great advantage it has over other breweries is that the beer is made 
from spring water obtained from wells located on the premises. Its 
plant is in every way superior to that of any other brewery in New 
England. Mr. Green left the concern January 1st, 1891. The com- 
pany, with A. Wintter & Co., of Bridgeport, formed a joint stock com- 
pany under the title of The Connecticut Breweries Company, October 
18th, 1890. The corporation purchased all the property of both con- 
cerns. Peter W. Wren is president; A. Wintter, secretary and treas- 
urer; J. A. Hurley, manager of Meriden Brewery. 
40 



642 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Isaac B. Hyatt, son of Roswell and Elizabeth (Curtis) Hyatt, was 
born in 1848 in Norwalk, Conn., and was educated in the common 
schools. He enlisted in the 17th Connecticut Volunteers in January, 
1864, and was mustered out in July, 186."). He then returned to Nor- 
walk and came to Meriden in 1867. He learned his trade of Britannia 
working- with the Meriden Britannia Company. 

Julius I. Ives, of South Meriden, son of Jotham and Mary R. (Way) 
Ives, was born in 1842 on the farm where he now lives, and was 
educated in the common schools. He went South for two winters and 
was in the lumber business, connected with the Wilmington Lumber 
Company. Since that time he has carried on farming. He married 
Mary A., daughter of William Johnson, of Middletown. His father 
was born in Meriden, located on his farm at South Meriden (then 
called Hanover) in 1830, and died in 1863. His mother died in 1878. 

James Kane, son of James and Mary (Keating') Kane, was born in 
1830, in Ireland, and came to America when 15 years of age. His par- 
ents died in Ireland. After remaining a short time in New York he 
located at Hartford, Conn., where he learned his trade of James S. 
Hooker. He then went to Poughkeepsie, N. Y., as foreman for sev- 
eral contractors, among whom were William Harlow and Jared & 
Boyd, of Newburgh, N. Y., afterward returned to Hartford and was 
foreman for Joel Hills & Brother. In 1864 he came to Meriden and 
was foreman for Robert Oughton. In 1868 he established business 
for himself, and about 1881 returned to Hartford, on account of his 
health, where he carried on business until 188o, when he again came 
to Meriden, where he has since carried on business. In 1887 he went 
to Florida on account of his health, and while there superintended the 
mason work on the Ponce De Leon Hotel, at .St. Augustine. He was 
foreman on the Meriden woolen mill, built the ..-Eolian Organ & Music 
Company's factory, assisted in building the Meriden Britannia and 
the Wilcox & White Organ Company's buildings, erected buildings 
for Edward Miller & Co., built the convent school and addition to the 
Catholic church. On a wager that he could lay 3,000 brick in a day, 
he once performed what is called the greatest feat on record, at 
Bridgeport, by laying 3,500 brick in 5 hours and 35 minutes. He has 
served as councilman. He married Bridget, daughter of James and 
Mary Whalen, of Poughkeep.sie, N. Y., and their children are: James 
T., Robert E., William M., Joseph P., Mamie E. and Kittle B. James 
T. was born in 1862, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and was only two years 
old when he came to Meriden. He learned bis trade with his father, 
and has been a member of the firm of James Kane & Son for the past 
eight years. In 1888 he was elected alderman. 

Silas W. Kent, son of Chester G. and Polly (Bly) Kent, was born in 
1850, in Remsen, Oneida county, N. Y., and was educated at Wesleyan 
University, Middletown, Conn., graduating in 1872. He came to Mer- 
iden in 1873, and has since been connected with the Beecher Manufac- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 643 

turing Company, and is now the manufacturer of the Blizzard horse 
shoe ice creeper. He married Mary E., daughter of Elisha and Rox- 
anna Chapman, of Southington.Conn. 

Wm. Wallace Lee was born July 20th, 1828, in Barkhamsted, 
Litchfield county. Conn., and is the second son in a family of five sons 
and one daughter that grew to maturity. He is of the fifth genera- 
tion from John Lee, who came from Colchester, England, in 1634, and 
was one of the original proprietors of Farmington, Conn., in 1641. 
His education was obtained in the common schools. He learned the 
machinist trade, and has always followed it as a journeyman. He 
was five years a constable, two years a justice of the peace, four years 
alderman and two years a member of the legislature. He was mar- 
ried, July 24th, 1851, to Mary Jane Carrington, of an old New Haven 
county family. They had three sons (all died young) and one daugh- 
ter, now the wife of Edwin E. Smith, business manager of the Mcri- 
den Republican. In politics Mr. Lee is a republican. He was a dele- 
gate to the first republican convention in Connecticut, and voted for 
Fremont, Lincoln and Horace Greeley. 

Isaac C. Lewis, son of Isaac and Esther (Beaumont) Lewis, was 
born in Meriden in 1812, and was educated in the common schools. 
He was first president of the Meriden Britannia Company, continuing 
in that office for 12 years. He represented the town in the legisla- 
ture four terms, and was twice mayor of Meriden. He married Har- 
riet, daughter of Noah Pomeroy, of Meriden. 

Lew Allen Lipsette was born in 1852 in New York city, and was 
educated at the College of New York. He came to Meriden about 
twenty years ago. He married Amelia E., daughter of Jacob Urick, 
of Meriden. He has editorial charge of the Meriden Daily Journal. 

George H. Lohmann, son of Carl and Minna (Taeger) Lohmann, 
was born in 1847. in Brunswick, Germany, was educated in the com- 
mon schools of his native town, and learned the wood engraving busi- 
ness. He came to America in 1872, locating first in New York, where 
he followed his trade for about three years. In 1875 he came to Mer- 
iden, establishing himself in the wood engraving business under the 
firm name of Sanford & Co., which continued for four years. In 1879 
Mr. Lohmann made a contract with the Meriden Britannia Company 
as engraver. He was elected alderman m 1887. He married Annie 
Schrader, of Brunswick, Germany. Mr. Lohmann served one year in 
the German Prussian war. His father is a pensioner, having served 
the German government for 50 years. 

Reverend Paul F. M'Alenney, son of Bernard and Mary (Cassidy) 
M'Alenney, was born March 8th, 1848, in the north of Ireland. His 
father died in Ireland in 1851, and his mother and family came to 
America. They landed in New York, where they resided a short 
time, and then located in Waterbury, Conn., where they remained 
several years, and finally removed to Plainville, Conn., where the 



644 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

mother died in 18G9. He went to live, when about twelve years of 
age, with relatives in Manchester, Conn., where he attended a public 
school for a short time. He learned the blacksmith trade, and having 
finished, returned to the home of his mother in Waterbury, moved to 
Plainville, and remained with the family until her death. He entered 
St. Francis' College, Brooklyn, N. Y., where he graduated with honors 
in 1871. The following year he studied at St. Bonaventure's College, 
Alleghany, N. Y. He completed his studies in Montreal College and 
the Grand vSeminary, and was ordained December 23d, 1876. His first 
charge was as assistant pastor of St. Peter's. Hartford, Conn., until 
August, 1881. He was appointed pastor of St. Paul's church, Kensing- 
ton, with Plainville as a mission. During his pastorate of Kensington 
and Plainville he paid over $.'),()(i() debt and made many needed im- 
provements in the former, and in the latter he organized the parish, 
secured the land, built the church of Our Lady of Mercy, and left the 
property, which cost about $l.'),0()i), entirely free of debt. He was ap- 
pointed pastor of St. Rose's church, Meriden, and took charge Febru- 
ary 22d,188o. During his years in Meriden he built the Church of the 
Holy Angels, South Meriden, erected a convent chapel for the Sisters, 
remodelled the schools and church, built a boiler house from which 
all the buildings are heated, purchased iiO acres of land at the city 
limit on Broad street, for a cemetery, and secured land in the western 
part of the city, where he intends soon to erect a church and school. 

John McWeeney, born in 1842 in Ireland, is a son of Thomas and 
Catherine (McKeon) McWeeney. He came to America in 185S. locat- 
ing in Branford, and came to Meriden in 1859. He was employed by 
the Meriden Cutlery Company for 16 years, and e.stablished a coal and 
wood business, under the firm name of McWeeney & Sabin, in 1873. 
He has also been engaged in the insurance business since 1886. He 
was elected councilman in 1887 and alderman in 1889, and has been a 
member of the town board of relief since 1886. He married Mary, 
daughter of Edward Burke, of Cheshire, Conn. 

C. J. Mansfield, M. D.. born in 1843 in Brooklyn, N. Y., is a .son of 
Charles and Eliza (Buckingham) Mansfield, the latter a cousin of 
Governor Buckingham, of Connecticut. He was educated at the high 
school, Sheffield, Mass., and graduated from New York Homeopathic 
Medical College in 1868. For two years he practiced in New York city, 
and in 1870 came to Meriden. He is a member of the Connecticut vState 
Medical Society. He married Emma, daughter of George W. Lyon, of 
Meriden. 

Edward M. Merriam, son of Alvah and Mary A. (Sperry) Merriam, 
was born November l.st, 1843, in Woodbury. Litchfield county, Conn., 
was educated in the .schools of Woodbury, Meriden, and Washington 
Academy, and has followed farming in Meriden. He has served as 
clerk and treasurer of Northwest school district. His father was born 
in Meriden on the farm where Edward M. lives, in 1799, was brought 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 645 

up on the farm until 21. then started in the peddling business, which 
he followed until shortly after he settled again in Meriden, in 1861. 
After that he followed farming, and died in 1878. He kept store in 
Woodbury from 1880 to 18.50, where he manufactured goods and sent 
out peddlers, then followed the wholesale Yankee notion business for 
ten years. His grandfather, Amasa Merriam, bought the farm place 
in Meriden in 1795 for iJSOO. 

George C. Merriam, son of Nelson and Rosetta (Couch) Merriam, 
was born m Meriden in 1834, and received a common school educa- 
tion. In 1851 he went to New York in the employ of Hopkins, Allen 
& Co., remaining until 1859, then went to Wilmington, N. C, 
entering business as a member of the firm of J. M. McCarter & Co. 
The day Sumter was fired on he came home, and in Ji:ly, 1862, en- 
listed in and was appointed second lieutenant of Company A, 15th 
Connecticut Regiment. He was promoted to first lieutenant of Com- 
pany E, in 1864 was made captain in the 8th Regiment, and in 1865 
was mustered out. At the expiration of a year he went to Vermont, 
engaging in the lumber business for two years, then returned to Mer- 
iden. After spending one year in the office of Foster, Merriam & Co., 
he went to Nevada, and two j^ears later returned to Meriden and en- 
tered the office of the Charles Parker Company, remaining there eight 
years. On the death of Albert Foster, he became secretary and treas- 
urer of Foster, Merriam & Co. He has served six years as councilman 
and two years as alderman. He married Helen R., daughter of Charles 
and Sarah Bradley. 

Eli I. Merriman, son of Ira and Elizabeth (Hubbard) Merriman, 
was born in Meriden in 1837, and was educated at the Meriden Acad- 
emy. He was clerk in the grocery business for Collins & Co. for about 
five years, then engaged in hoop skirt manufacturing in the firm of J. 
Wilcox & Co., which was afterward made a joint stock company for 
making balmoral skirts, Mr. Merriman being secretary and treasurer 
of the company. They afterward went into the woolen business as 
the Meriden Woolen Company, of which he was for five years secre- 
tary and treasurer. Since 1879 he has been secretary and treasurer of 
the Meriden Malleable Iron Company. He married Mary Ely, daugh- 
ter of N. F. and Nancy (Ely) Miller, of Bloomfield, Conn. 

Wallace A. Miles, son of Almeron and Caroline (Lawrence) Miles, 
was born in 1841 in Southington, Conn., where his parents temporar- 
ily resided, moving to Meriden when he was six months old. He was 
educated by private tutor and at Meriden Academy. He was first em- 
ployed as clerk in the Meriden post office under Postmasters Yale and 
Asel H. Curtis. He afterward for many years had charge of shipping 
for the Charles Parker Company, then went into the hardware and 
crockery business in the firm of Birdsey & Miles, who were also manu- 
facturers of stationers' hardware. In the spring of 1876 they dissolved 
partnership, Mr. Miles taking the manufacturing business, which he 



646 HisT(mv OF new haven county. 

continued until 1888. He was collector of taxes for 1875. '76 and '77, 
has been assessor of town and city since 1877, is a member of the 
board of compensation for the city, to which place he was unani- 
mou.sly cho.sen by the city council in 1886, was a member of the legis- 
lature in 187.1, '76 and '77, and was elected mayor in 1888. He enlisted 
in the 27th Regiment in April, 1862, and went out in October, return- 
ing in August, 1863. He married Angeline Patterson, of Bloomfield, 
Conn. 

William H. Miller was born April 29th, 1822, at Ramapo Works, 
Rockland county, N. Y. He attended a private school until he was 
16 years old, when he engaged with the Colts Patent Fire Arms Com- 
pany, at Paterson, N. J., to learn the trade of gun maker, continuing 
with them until the spring of 1841. He then went to Chicopee 
Falls, Mass., and was employed by the Ames Manufacturing Company 
in the manufacture of the Jenks breech loading carbine. In the fall 
of 1843 he went to Mill Creek, Pa., in the armory of a Mr. Nippes, who 
manufactured muskets for the government. In the spring of 1844 he 
engaged in company with Mr. Hosea Ball, to make the tools and start 
up the rifle manufactory at Cincinnati, O., of John Griffeth, who had a 
contract with the government to make 5,000 rifles. After completing 
this work, Mr Miller returned in the fall of 1844 to Paterson, and in 
the .spring of 1845 went to Chicopee, Ma.ss., to work on pin machinery 
for Charles Benedict and William Ball. In the fall of the same year 
he engaged at Springfield Armory, Mass., to work on tools for a new 
carbine under the superintendence of Cyrus Buckland. In the sum- 
mer of 1846 he was engaged by Colonel Samuel Colt to work on his 
pistols at Whitneyville, this county. When the business was removed 
to Hartford in 1847, Mr. Miller went with it as a contractor to make 
the lock work of pi.stols. While at Hartford Joshua Stevens (now 
president of the Stevens Tool & Fire Arms Company, of Chicopee 
Falls) and Mr. Miller made an improvement in revolving pistols and 
had it patented. In the fall of 1849 they formed what is called the 
Massachusetts Arms Company, and engaged in the manufacture of 
these pistols, which he continued until 1862, when he was engaged as 
superintendent of the gun manufactory of Parker, Snow, Brooks & 
Co., at Meriden. In 1864-5 he made .several inventions and improve- 
ments in fire arms, one of which is now the celebrated Parker Shot 
Gun. Another, invented in company with his brother, George W. 
Miller, is the cartridge extractor now u.sed in the Springfield musket. 
In 1848, in company with his brother, George W., Mr. Miller engaged 
in the manufacture of pocket cutlery, and in 1870 formed the Miller 
Brothers Cutlery. Company. He continued in that bu.siness until 1885. 
In January, 1886, Mr. Miller was appointed and commissioned as post- 
master at Meriden, which position he held until February, 1890. 

Henry L. Morehou.se, son of Cyrus A. and Cornelia (Canfield) More- 
house, was born in 1845 in New Milford, Conn., and graduated from 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 647 

Eastman's College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He learned his trade in 
Bridgeport with his brother, and in 1869 established business for him 
self in New Haven. Since 1872 he has carried on the contracting 
and building business in Meriden. He married Mattie C, daughter 
of Charles D. Wright, of Meriden. 

George N Morse, son of Joseph and Lucj' (Hall) Morse, was born 
in Meriden October 16th, 1853, and was educated in the common 
schools of Meriden and at Connecticut Literary Institution, Suffield. 
He first worked in a paint store a short time, was afterward employed 
in the Meriden Britannia Company, then in the grocery business, and 
later with his father in the hardware business. After his father sold 
out he went to New York and worked for A. T. Stewart, and after- 
ward with the Whiting Manufacturing Company. Returning to 
Meriden, he established himself in the fire insurance business, which 
he carried on for ten years. He then engaged in the real estate 
business for one year in the West, and in January, 1884, e.stablished 
the furniture business in Meriden, which he has since carried on. He 
was elected to the senate in 1888 by the largest plurality ever given 
in his district for a democratic candidate. He ran for city clerk, also 
for alderman, and in 1889 was democratic candidate for mayor. He 
was correspondent for the New York Mirror and the Turf, Field & 
Farm, contributing a number of valuable articles to the latter; was 
delegate from his town at the state convention at Hartford, to choose 
delegates to the national convention, and was a member of Charter 
Oak Hose, Volunteer Fire Department. He is a descendant of John 
Morse, one of the founders of Wallingford in 1670, a deputy and com- 
missioner to the general court for 14 years, and who died in 1707 at 
the age of 103. On his maternal side, are Governor Johnathan Law, 
and Brenton Hall, first representative from Meriden in 1806. Mr. 
Morse married Mary A., daughter of John C. Byxbee, of Meriden. 

D. K. Murphy was born April 13th, 1841, in Rome, N. Y., and was 
educated at Springfield, Mass., where he lived from the time he was 
2^ years old until about 21, when he learned the cigar making trade 
in Westfield, Mass., working at that until 1872. He then went into 
the millinery and fancy goods business for a year in Middletown, 
Conn., and in the fall of 1873 came to Meriden, and in January, 1874, 
established the millinery business in Meriden, which he carried on 
four years. Since that time he has been in the undertaking business, 
also fire insurance business since 1886. He served as a member of 
the water board two years. He married Anna B., daughter of Edward 
Comer, of Winchester, N. H., and for many years a resident of 
Keene, N. H. 

J. S. Norton, Jr., son of J. S. & Anna M. (Sage) Norton, was born 
in Guilford, Conn., January 31st, 1851. He left Guilford when he was 
10 years of age and has since resided in Meriden. He entered the 
Home Bank in 1866, filling various positions up to cashier, which 
position he has held since 1881. 



648 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Samuel D. Otis, M. D., son of Israel S. and Caroline (Dickinson) Otis, 
was born in 1856 at Old .Saybrook, Conn., was educated at the University 
of New York, graduating fi-om the medical department in 1876. He 
began practice in Tuckerton, N. J., and in the spring of 1877 located 
in Meriden, where he has since practiced. He is a member of state, 
county and cit}' medical societies. His preceptor was Doctor John H. 
Granniss, of Old Saybrook. He was elected alderman in 1887. He 
married Mary, daughter of Doctor Edward C. Newport, of Meriden. 

William Parker was born in 1825 in Hartford, Conn. His father 
moved from Hartford to Albany, N. Y., and from there to New Haven, 
where he died. William, at the age of 11 years, went to Wallingford, 
where he was brought upon a farm, and afterward worked in the shop 
of Hall & Elton. He established a livery business, under the firm 
name of Bartholomew & Parker. In ISHS he came to Meriden, where 
he also carried on the livery business for H> years in the rear of where 
the old Central Hotel stood. He afterward kept the Meriden House 
stables for five years, and in 1868 started the business on West Main 
street, which he sold out in 1873, on account of his health. He served 
four years in the council and was assessor two years. He married 
Nancy L. Whiting, of Branford, Conn. 

C. W. Patten, son of William and Louisa (Harrison) Patten, was 
born in 1845 at Montville, Conn., and was educated at old Bacon Acad- 
emy, Colchester. He worked for Clark & Smith, New London, Conn., 
for a number of years, and about 18 years ago came to Meriden and 
established a butcher business, which he has since continued. He 
married for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of Allen Sisson, of Say- 
brook, Conn., and for his second Mary G., daughter of John Kinder, of 
Meriden. 

James M. Perkins, son of Russell G. and Sarah (Bartlett) Perkins, 
was born in 1828, in Ludlow, Mass. His father moved to Pittstown, 
N. Y., where James M. went to school. His father afterward moved 
to Franklin, N. Y. James M. learned his trade of carpenter and joiner 
in Oneonta, N. Y., and afterward engaged in putting in water wheels 
at different places on the Delaware. Later he was engineer on the 
New York & Erie railroad. He came to Meriden about 35 years ago, 
taking charge of the hammer forging at what was then Parker & Per- 
kins, now the Charles Parker Company, spoon shop. East Meriden, of 
which he is now superintendent. He has served on the board of re- 
lief. He married, first, Almira Allen, of Gilboa, N. Y. His present 
wife is Abby E., daughter of Edward O. Belden, of Meriden. 

Reverend J. T. Pettee was born in the town of Sharon, Norfolk 
county, Mass., .September 5th, 1822. His father was Tyler Pettee, son 
of Hezekiah and Chloe (Ware) Pettee, of Foxboro, Mass. His mother 
was Esther M., daughter of John Hews, of Foxboro, and Esther Mann, 
of Wrentham. Mr. Pettee was educated at the district school. Rice's 
Academy, Newton and lioUiston, Lowell high school and Wesleyan 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 649 

University, Middietown, Conn. His life has been devoted to preach- 
ing, writing, superintending and teaching. He has served as judge 
of probate, selectman and school superintendent. He was married, 
October 26th, 1848. to Mariette R. Clark, of Meriden. They have had 
but one child, Emily Parker Pettee, deceased. Mr. Pettee is a democrat 
in politics and a Methodist in religion. 

August Pistorius, son of August and Charlotte (Weaver) Pistorius, 
was born in Prussia in 1829. He learned the tailoring trade in the 
city of Berlin, served from 1849 to 1853 in the Prussian army, and 
came to America in 1855, locating first in New Haven. In October, 
1855, he came to Meriden and was employed by Joseph Stevens in the 
tailoring business. Mr. Pistorius started business in 1870 as a mem- 
ber of the firm of Pistorius & O'Neil, which continued one year, since 
which time he has conducted business alone. He married Catherine, 
•daughter of Conrad Fisher, of Germany. She died December, 1863. 
His present wife, Louisa, is a sister of his first wife. The children 
living by first wife are Henry and Charles, and by present wife: 
Louisa, Gus.sie, Annie, William, Minnie and Frederick. Mr. Pistorius 
has been Corner School District committee since 1883. He was one 
of the originators of the first German Lutheran church, was elected 
chairman of the meeting and afterward chairman of the trustees, 
which position he held while a member of that church. He was one 
of the original starters of the German Mutual Aid Society and held 
the office of treasurer for the first eleven years, afterward was presi- 
dent and is now trustee. He is a member of St. Elmo Commandery, 
No. 9, K. T., of Meriden, Conn. 

James T. Pomeroy. .son of Noah and Nancy (Merriman) Pomeroy, 
was born in Meriden in 1827, and was brought up on his father's farm, 
where he has always lived and followed farming. The old homestead 
is supposed to be nearly 200 years old, and was moved a short distance 
from the old site in 1882, when he built his present house. He mar- 
ried Delilah F., daughter of William H. Guild, who was engaged in 
the steam pump business for 35 years, in Brooklyn, N. Y., and who 
came to Meriden in 1846. Their children are: Leanora E., married J. 
H. Beckett, of Meriden; Nellie J., married R. J. Molloy, of Meriden; 
Carrie F., died 1881, and was the wife of David Flansburgh, of Meriden; 
and Charles Lewis and William H. Pomeroy. His father, Noah 
Pomeroy, was born in Saybrook, Conn., and was a son of Charles 
Pomeroy, a merchant of that place. The family trace their ancestry 
back to the eleventh century to a distinguished Norman knight, who 
fought at the battle of Hastings under William. After the death of 
his father, Noah Pomeroy moved with his mother to Meriden in 1818. 
In his early days he peddled tin ware, and afterward engaged in its 
manufacture, which he carried on for over 20 years. His sons after- 
ward conducted the business for about 18 years, when they sold out. 
His son, Norman, afterward engaged in the grocery business, which 



650 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

he carried on up to within a few years of his death. Charles S. went 
West as a land agent, and also practiced law there. He was elected 
to congress from Iowa, and has since practiced law in Washington, D. 
C. James T. remained on the farm, which he has since carried on. 
Noah Pomeroy served as selectman many years, and justice of the 
peace by appointment of the state legislature, as long as it posses.sed 
the power to appoint, during his whole residence in Meriden. In 
1832 he was elected to the house of representatives, and in 1837 to the 
senate. He was director in the Meriden Bank from its organization, 
and was chosen president in 1849, but resigned six months later. 

Reverend A. T. Randall, son of Reverend H. C. and Mary L. (Davis) 
Randall, was born September 23d, 18r)4, at Poquetannock, Conn. He 
graduated from St. Stephens College at Annandale, N. Y., in 1877, 
and from Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Conn., June 2d, 1880, 
and was ordained to the priesthood June 7th, 1881, at Litchfield, Conn. 
He came to Meriden as assistant to Doctor Deshon June 4th, 1880. 
The latter was rector for 33 years, and died January 1st, 1883. Mr- 
Randall had full charge of the parish from the death of Doctor Deshon 
until he was made rector at Easter, 1884. November 30th, 1888, the 
parish house was dedicated, built at a cost of $16,000, raised by sub- 
scription. 

T. L. Reilly was born in 1858 in New Britain, Conn., and was 
educated at the parochial school attached to St. Mary's church, and at 
the State normal school. New Britain, graduating in 1876. He imme- 
diately entered the office of Town Clerk Walsh, of New Britain, as 
assistant. In 1877 he came to Meriden and studied law in the ofifice 
of Judge Donahoe, now of Middletown; was afterward employed as 
bookkeeper for John F. Butler, and later in the packing department 
of the Meriden Britannia Company. In 1880 he became the Meriden 
correspondent of the New Haven Daily Union, afterward had charge of 
the local department of the Meriden Press-Recorder, was later connected 
with the Meriden Republican for three years, and then engaged with 
the Ne-cv Haven Register, doing their legislative work, remaining with 
them until the Meriden Journal PublishingCompany started, of which 
he has since been secretary and local editor. He married Marie E., 
daughter of M. Rowen, of Blackstone, Mass. 

M. G. Reynolds, son of Thomas and Ellen (Gill) Reynolds, was 
born in Ireland in 1838, and came to America in 1863, locating in New 
Haven. A few months later he came to Meriden and worked in an 
auger shop a short time, then worked at teaming. About 1865 he 
went West, where he was employed in the grocery business for about 
two years. He returned to New Haven, remaining about eight months, 
and in 1868 went to Wallingford, where he started the grocery busi- 
ness. In 1870 he came again to Meriden and established business at 
his present place on West Main street. He married Mary, daughter 
of Owen Campbell. He has been chairman of the committee of the 



HISTORY OF NEW KA.VEN COUNTY. 651 

West school district since 1886, and was elected assessor in 1888, 1889 
and 1890. 

John L. Richmond, son of Leonard and Edna (Wright) Richmond, 
was born in 1836 at Canaan, Conn., and was educated in the common 
schools, and at West Granville, Mass., where he went when young, 
remaining there until 18 years of age. He afterward located in Glas- 
tonbury, Conn., where he learned his trade. He came to Meriden in 
1855, and from that time until 1877 (with the exception of the time he 
was in the war) was employed with the Meriden Britannia Company. 
In 1877 he bought Mr. Lewis' interest in the firm of Griswold, Lewis 
& Glock, the firm afterward being Griswold, Richmond & Glock until 
July 1st, 1889, when a stock company was organized under the name 
of the Griswold, Richmond & Glock Cooperative Company, with N. 
F. Griswold, president; John L. Richmond, treasurer, and Charles C. 
Glock, superintendent. Mr. Richmond served in the 3d Connecticut 
Volunteers, under Captain Jared R. Cook. He has served as alder- 
man and as councilman several years. He married Eunice E., 
daughter of Sherman Stone, of Durham, Conn. 

Charles L. Rockwell, son of Francis A. and Mary (Lee) Rockwell, 
was born in Ridgefield, Conn., was educated at Fort Edward Institute, 
N. Y., and has always been identified with banking business. He 
was teller of the National Bank of Norwalk, Conn., from 1863 to 1870, 
and has since been cashier of First National Bank of Meriden; is also 
a director in same, vice-president and trustee of City Savings Bank, 
treasurer and trustee of Meriden Trust & Safe Deposit Company, 
director of Meriden, Waterbury & Connecticut River Railroad Com- 
pany, and secretary and treasurer of the Meriden Horse Railroad Com- 
pany. He is also trustee of the Wesleyan University at Middletown, 
Conn. 

William F. Rockwell, son of Francis A. and Mary (Lee) Rockwell, 
was born in Ridgefield, Conn., in 1845, and was educated at a select 
school in Ridgefield, and at Fort Edward Institute, N. Y., where he 
prepared for college. He was first employed as assistant bookkeeper 
in a flour and grain house in New York city, and afterward had 
charge of the office for three years. In 1868 he established a general 
country store at Washington, N. J., under the firm name of Cummins, 
Rockwell & Co., which continued until 1873, and since that time he 
has been secretary and treasurer of the Miller Brothers Cutlery Com- 
pany, Meriden. He married Louise, daughter of J. D. Taylor, of 
Washington, N. J. 

T. S. Rust, son of Daniel and Ann (Haskell) Rust, was born in 1844 
at Northampton, Mass., and was educated at Williston Seminary, 
Easthampton, Mass., his parents having moved there when he was a 
child. He is a machinist by trade, and during the early part of the 
war he returned to Northampton, where he worked on guns and 
gun machinery, afterward locating in Meriden, where he also worked 



602 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

on guns and gun macliinery with Snow, Brooks & Co., now Parker 
Brothers. In 18G4 he began the practice of dentistry in Aleriden, 
succeeding D. S. Colton, who was his brother-in-law. He married 
Fannie M., daughter of Chaunceyand Miranda F. Colton, of Westfield, 
Mass. 

Henry Sabin, son of Colonel Horace and Emily (Grosvenor) Sabin. 
was born in Pomfret, Conn., in 1841, and was educated in the common 
schools. He was employed by the Meriden Cutlery Company for 22 
years, and in 1873 established himself in the coal and wood business, 
as a member of the firm of McWeeney & vSabin. He was elected 
justice of the peace in 1886. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of 
Olney Burton, of Pomfret, Conn. His second wife was Myra, daughter 
of H. B. Harvey, of Pottsville, Pa. His present wife is Bertha, 
daughter of James Brooks Ely, of Meriden. Mr. Sabin enlisted in 
the 1st Conn. Cavalry, but was taken sick before the regiment left and 
had to return home. 

F. E. Sands, son of Jesse and i^Iary E. (Turner) Sands, was born in 
1863, in New Fairfield, Conn. He was educated at Danbury, Conn., 
and at Yale College, graduating in 1885, as civil engineer. After 
graduating he was employed on the Nctv Haven Union staff, and in 
April, 1886, together with others, formed the Journal Publishing Com- 
pany, of which he is treasurer. 

H. S. Savage, son of Elliott and Sarah F. (»Southmayd) Savage, was 
born in 1861, in Meriden, was educated in the public schools, worked 
at surveying under S. C. Pierson for nearly three years, and since 1877 
has been employed by the Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Com- 
pany, for the past four years in charge of invoice department. He 
was elected to the council in December, 1888. He married Alice A., 
daughter of James Self, of Meriden. 

Henry L. Schleiter, son of John and Catherine (Gilbert) Schleiter, 
was born in Rosendale, Germany, June 24th, 1830, and came to Amer- 
ica May 2d, 1847, locating in New London, Conn. He learned the 
boot and shoe business with A. D. Smith, remaining in his employ six 
years, and then established business for himself, continuing there 
until February 1st, 1869, when he located in Meriden, where he has 
since carried on the business. While in New London he was a mem- 
ber of the common council four years, and has served six years as a 
member of common council in Meriden. He was assessor of taxes 
one year, member of board of water commissioners four years, the 
last two years being president and superintendent, and afterward was 
elected superintendent, serving seven years, making nine years in all 
as superintendent of water works. He resigned on account of ill 
health, and was reelected in January, 1890. He enlisted April 2()th, 
1861, as first lieutenant in Company A, 3d Regiment, Conn. N. G., 
serving three months at Fort Trumbull, and in the fall of 1861 he re- 
cruited a company and joined the 13th Connecticut Volunteers, as 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 653^ 

captain of Company I. The regiment went out with the New England 
division, commanded by Major-General B. F. Butler, and at New Or- 
leans his company was detached from the regiment and made special 
body guard to General Butler. Captain Schleiter resigned in 1803, 
on account of ill health contracted in the service. He married Adelia, 
daughter of Captain William Potter, of New London. 

August Schmelzer, born in 1841, in Germany, is a son of C. A. and 
Johanne (Wetzel) Schmelzer. He came to America in 1871, and located 
in Meriden, where he worked in the woolen mill, and afterward with 
the Charles Parker Company. He then went to Albany, N. Y., work- 
ing in a sash and blind factory, and in the fall of 1872 returned to 
Meriden and was again employed in the woolen mill from 1873 to 
1879. From 1880 to 1889 he was employed by the Malleable Iron Com- 
pany. In 1873 he established a news agency, in 1874 added cigars and 
tobacco, in 1876 became agent for the German Lloyd Steamship Com- 
pany, and in 1878-9 for the Hamburg-American. He is a notary pub- 
lic, and also in the coal and wood business, buying out A. A. Beadle, 
June 1st, 1889. He married Flora, daughter of Glottlob Schoen, of 
Werdau, Germany. He was elected councilman in 1886, and reelected 
in 1888, and was also a member of the board of relief. 

J. G. Schwink, Jr., .son of J. G. and Barbara (Schaab) Schwink, was 
born in Yalesville, Conn., in 1857. He was brought up on his father's 
farm until 16 years of age, and like his father, has always followed the 
milk business with farming. In 1871 he came to Meriden with his 
parents. He married Lillian S., daughter of Charles and Sophia 
Grether. Her father carried on the butcher business in Meriden for 
many years. Mr. Schwink served as a member of the Southeast School 
District committee in 1886-7, and as treasurer in 1888. In 1889 he built 
his present residence, corner East Main street and Paddock avenue. His 
father came to America about 1850, locating in Yalesville. Plis mother 
before marriage was employed for a number of years in the family of 
Charles Parker, of Meriden. Mrs. vSchwink's uncle on her mother's 
side, John Dreher, and her mother were the only Germans in Meriden 
at that time, and were the organizers of the fir,st German Lutheran 
church in Meriden. Her mother was employed for seven years in the 
family of Noah Pomeroy. Her parents came to America, locating in 
Meriden about 1850. 

Isaac Skidgell, son of Nicholas and Amy (Van Wart) Skidgell.was 
born in 1822, at Tarrytown, N. Y., and was educated at the old Tarry- 
town Academy. He went to New York when 16 years of age and 
lived there until 1860, when he went to Bridgeport, Conn., as engineer 
for the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company, remaining five 
years. In 1804 he came to Meriden and since that time has been 
engineer for the Meriden Britannia Company. He has followed 
steam engineering .since he was 16 years of age. He was elected 
boiler inspector in 1868 and has been reelected each year since. He 



654 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

married Frances, daughter of Thomas and Frances Devoe, of New 
York. 

Edward W. .Smith, M. D., son of David and Fidelia (Parker) Smith, 
was born in Meriden in 1854. He graduated from Hopkins Grammar 
vSchool, New Haven, in 1874, and from Yale in 1878, and after attending 
medical school one year, he taught school for one year at Yalesville. 
He then entered McGill Medical College, Montreal, graduated in 1882, 
and returning to Meriden, immediately began practice. He is a 
member of State and County Medical Societies. He married Helen 
B., daughter of Oliver and Abby A. Rice, of Meriden, Conn. Oliver 
Rice was a native of Meriden. 

George W. Smith, son of Willis and Olive (Smith) Smith, was born 
in Wallingford, Conn., in 1825, graduated from Yale Law School in 
1857, and immediately began practice in Meriden. He was justice of 
the peace continuously while in Meriden, and for many years probate 
judge. He was also justice of city court, and one of the trustees of 
the City Savings Bank. His first wife was Kate A., daughter of 
Lyman Carrier, of Canton, Conn. She died in 1882. His second wife 
was Mary A. Smith , whose father, Daniel Smith, was a native of Stoning- 
ton, Conn., and whose mother was Alona Abbott Smith, of Stonington, 
Conn., daughter of General Lyman Abbott, also of .Stonington, Conn. 
George W. Smith died in Meriden, Conn., Augu.st 21st. 189(». 

F. W. Stiles, son of Truman and Eliza (Wooding") Stiles, was born 
in 1849 in Meriden, was educated in the common schools and at New 
Haven Business College, and learned the carpenters and builder's 
trade when he was 15 years old, with his father, who was for many 
years in the business and at one time was foreman for the Lyon & 
Billard Company. Mr. Stiles makes a specialty of repairing dangerous 
and rmsafe buildings, and is the oldest contractor and carpenter 
builder that has been continuously in the business in Meriden. In 
1884 he started house moving in connection with his building busi- 
nes.s, and is doing the principal work in that line. He was married in 
1875 to Elizabeth J., daughter of John Aubrey, of Meriden. 

A. W. Tracy, M. D., born in 1846 in Ireland, is a son of Michael and 
Julia (Hannon) Tracy. He came to this country with his parents when 
three years old, locating in Island Pond, Essex county, Vt., where his 
parents still live. He attended St. Sulpie College, Montreal, and St. 
Charles College near Baltimore, and was graduated from McGill Col- 
lege, Montreal, in 1873. He began the practice of medicine in Island 
Pond, Vt. Since November, 1875, he has practiced in Meriden. He is 
a member of state and county medical societies. He married Margaret, 
daughter of Edward Broderick, of Willimantic, Conn. 

James C. Twichell, son of Dwight and Jane (Carter) Twichell, was 
born in Southington, Conn., in 1842. was educated at Lewis Academy, 
Southington. and came to Meriden in 1871. He was employed with 
the Meriden Malleable Iron Company for about eight years, and since 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 655 

1878 has been engaged in the furniture business under the firm name 
of Smith & Twichell, succeeding Bowditch & Prudden. He was coun- 
cilman two years and was elected alderman in 1888. He married 
Ellen E., daughter of Edwin Gridley, of Southington. He enlisted in 
the 20th Regiment, was wounded at the battle of ChanceIlor.sville,and 
afterward transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps. He was mustered 
out in July, 1865. 

Waldo C. Twiss, son of Ira and Vincie (Andrew.s) Twiss, was born 
in Alontreal, Canada, in 1829, and was educated at Meriden Academy 
and SufBeld Institution. He has resided in Meriden since he was 7 
years of age. He followed the house moving business for 25 years, 
and since 1875 has been engaged in the lumber business. He mar- 
ried Cornelia I., daughter of Watrous Ives, of Meriden. His father 
was a clock maker by trade, and was engaged in that business in 
Canada, when Waldo C. was born. He and his brothers were the first 
Yankees to attempt the manufacture of clocks in Canada. From 1839 
to 1848 his father kept the old tavern in Meriden, having bought the 
property some years before. He afterward built several mills. His 
grandfather, Joseph Twiss, fought in the campaign at Saratoga and at 
the taking of Burgoyne. 

John Watson, son of John and Jane (Holt) Watson, was born in 
1850, in Lawrence, Mass., and was educated at Roxbury Latin School. 
He came to Meriden in December, 1879, and has since been employed 
as cashier and head bookkeeper for the Meriden Silver Plate Com- 
pany. He was elected member of city council in December, 1889. 
He married Sadie A., daughter of Wilder Beal. of Boston, Mass. 

F. J. Wheeler, son of Everett and Maria (Curtis) Wheeler, was born 
in Stratford, Conn., in 1834. He learned the tinner's trade, and when 
he was 21 years of age went to school for one year, after which he 
worked at his trade in Waterbury for six years. In 1862 he came to 
^leriden and bought out J. C. Smith, and has since carried on the 
business. He married Mary E., daughter of William L. Bennett, of 
Huntington, Conn. 

Henry S. Wilcox, son of Henry T. and Elizabeth W. (Scovil) Wil- 
cox, was born in 1835 at Meriden. His first experience in business 
was as bookkeeper for his father, who was in the manufacturing busi- 
ness. The factory was burned in 1853, and Henry became bookkeeper 
with the Meriden Hardware Company. In 1855 he started in the grocery 
business with his father, and in February, 1867, they started the drug 
business, under the firm name of H. T. Wilcox & Co. This is the 
oldest established drug business in Meriden. His father died in 1885. 
Mr. Wilcox has served three terms as town treasurer, and once as 
councilman. He married Jane E., daughter of Ira Merriman, of 
Meriden. 

Julius W. Yale, son of Julius and Polly N. (Wilcox) Yale, was born 
in 1834 in Meriden, on the old homestead. He has always followed 



656 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

farming on the land originally settled by his great-great-grandfather,, 
and which has remained in the family for the five generations. He 
married Mary C, daughter of David Hobart, of Meriden, in 1862, and 
has five children. His ancestors, as connected with the county's his-. 
tory, are as follows: (1), Thomas Yale (a brother of Elihu Yale, from 
whom Yale University takes its name), was one of the original plant- 
ers of New Haven, and an active member of its first church. (2),. 
Thomas, Jr., born in 1678, was a planter in Wallingford, and active 
in town and church affairs. In 1729 he moved to Meriden, on land 
which has since become the Yale homestead, in the Southeast dis- 
trict of the town. He was active in both town and church affairs, 
in Meriden, as he had been in Wallingford. (8), Noah, born in 1723, 
died in 1803. (4), Joel, born in 17.")9, died in 1805. (Hi, Julius, born 
in 179;-), died in 1867. (6), Julius W., born in 1834. His son, Julius. 
H., born in 1863, is the sixth generation of the family cultivating the- 
original grant of land. 

Levi B. Yale, .son of Levi and Abigail E. (Bacon) Yale, was born 
March 25th, 1838, in the same house where he has always lived, at- 
tended school at the Meriden Academy, and married Frances E., 
daughter of Dedodatus Royce, of Berkshire, N. Y. His father was 
born April 11th, 1792, in Meriden, about one-fourth mile from the 
farm where Levi B. was born. He was first selectman seven years, 
a member of the legislature, and justice of the peace. He figured 
prominently during the agitation of the anti-slavery question, many 
times jeopardizing his life in defense of anti-slavery principles. He 
taught school for 14 winters, beginning when he was only 16 years 
old, and also taught singing school seven winters. He married Abi- 
gail E., daughter of Nathaniel Bacon, of Middletown, Conn. She died 
May 7th, 1845, and he afterward married Jennette, daughter of Dedo- 
datus Royce, of Berkshire, N. Y., who survived him. He died V'eh- 
ruary 18th, 1872. 

August Yost, son of Frederick and Catherine ( Wehrheim) Yost, 
was born in Germany in 1844, and came to America in 1855. He 
located at Warehouse Point, Conn., for a short time, then moved to 
Rockville, and was for 15 years employed in the New England Mills, 
the last four years as designer. In June, 1872, he established a bakery 
business in New Britain, Conn., and in September of the same year 
moved^,to Meriden, starting the bakery business on Liberty street, 
opposite the town hall, where he remained three years. In 1875 he 
locatedjatfhis present place on West Main street. He married Agnes, 
daughter^of George Naedele, of Germany. His father was a baker in 
Germany, and is still living at the ao-e of 83, and active. 



CHAPTER XII. 



THE TOWN OF CHESHIRE. 



Geographical and Descriptive. — Early Settlers. — Roads. — Taverns. — Small Pox.— Civil 
Organization. — Manufacturing Interests. — Mines and Mining. — Cheshire Village. — 
West Cheshire. — Brooksvale. — Mixville. — Cheshire Street — Other Localities. — Rail- 
roads. — Lodges and Societies. — Soldiers' Monument. — Educational and Professional 
Interests. — Cheshire Congiegational Church. — St. Peters Protestant Episcopal 
Church.— Cheshire Methodist Episcopal Church. — St. Bridget's Roman Catholic 
Church. — Biographical Sketches. 



THE town of Cheshire was settled under the jurisdiction of Wal- 
lingford, from which it was set off as a town in 1780, after hav- 
ing sustained the relation of a parish from 1723. The locality- 
was early regarded as favorable for the uses of the Wallingford 
planters and was called by them, " West Farms," the " West Society," 
or " New Cheshire " (in distinction from the old town in England) 
until the present name was adopted. The town is bounded north by 
Southington, in Hartford county; east by Meriden and Wallingford; 
south by Hamden; and west by Waterbury and Prospect.- It is about 
seven miles in length, north and south, and about four miles in width, 
the area being less than 16,000 square acres of land. 

The general surface is diversified by hills and valleys, and presents 
a most attractive landscape. In the central part the land appears in 
the form of an undulating plateau, from which flow the principal 
streams and along which are level lands, being in some localities of 
the nature of swamps. Hoppen's brook takes its rise southeast of the 
village; Mill river, northwest of the same locality and flowing 
through Hamden, in its southerly course, empties into the sound at 
New Haven, about fifteen miles distant. Flowing northeast, in the 
northwestern part, and emptying into the Quinnipiac, which cuts 
through the northeastern part of the town, is the Ten Mile river, which 
rises in Prospect. ALso coursing northeast and dropping their waters 
into the Quinnipiac are the Honey Pot and Broad Swamp brooks. 
The swamp through which it flows is several miles in extent. The 
valleys along these water courses are generally very fertile, the soil 
being a gravelly loam. On the hills the soil is less rich, but is admir- 
ably adapted for fruit culture and the grasses. There are some fine 
orchards and farms— and of all kinds, more than three hundred in 
number — a large proportion of the inhabitants being agriculturists. 
41 



658 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The following account of the early settlers of Cheshire was contrib- 
uted by Honorable E. R. Brown, of Cheshire, also author of articles 
on Roads, Taverns, Small Pox and Early Industries. 

In the southeast portion of the town and near the residence of Mrs. 
Silas Ives, Joseph Ives settled in the year 1694; the same year of his 
marriage to Esther Benedict. He was one of the first, if not the 
first settler, in what is now Cheshire. He was chcsen the first deacon 
of the Congregational church in 1724, and served the church in that 
capacity until the year 1739, at which time the second church edifice 
was erected. Deacon Ives was a very useful and devoted member of 
the infant parish. In this same house also his son Joseph and grand- 
son Titus resided. The latter was a revolutionary soldier and was 
with Washington's army at Harlem, N. Y., where he died in the year 
1777. A letter written by his wife, and .se'nt to him at Harlem, during 
his last sickness, and also the gun used by him in the colonial struggle 
for independence, are now extant and are preserved as precious 
memorials by the family of Mrs. Silas Ives, who are descendants, who 
re.side withm a few feet of the old Ives homestead, and who own and 
occupy the same property that has been in the possession of Deacon 
Joseph Ives and his descendants for about 200 years. 

Near the present residence of H. C. Bristol was in early times the 
residence of Captain John Hotchkiss, who settled here in 1694, the 
same year of his marriage to Mary Chatterton. He evidently settled 
here nearly the same year that Deacon Joseph Ives located a short 
distance to the southward, these two families mentioned evidently 
being the two first families that located in what is now Cheshire. A 
son. Captain John Hotchkiss, Jr., married Mirriam Wood, and also 
resided here, and here died of the small-pox in the year 1732. Cap- 
tain Hotchkiss was prominent in the formation of the parish of 
New Cheshire in 1723, and was one of its officials until the time of his 
decease. 

A short distance east of where Samuel Mallory last lived, at top of 
hill, was formerly the home of Sergeant Caleb Matthew^s, who settled 
here about the year 171."). About this time he, in company with Cap- 
tain John Hotchkiss, purchased some 300 acres of land. A portion of 
this land they bought of Jonathan Atwater, and a part of Benjamin 
Beach, called second division land. The name of Caleb Matthews ap- 
pears among the first records of the Congregational society in 1723, 
where he was often elected to positions of influence. Sergeant Caleb 
Matthews married first, Elila, in 1715, and second, Elizabeth Frisbie, in 
1736, the Reverend Mr. Whittlesey, of Wallingford, performing the 
ceremon\'. In the town cemetery, on an old brown stone, is recorded 
as follows: " Here lies ye body of Mr. Caleb Matthews. He died Aug. 
ye 23rd, 1755, in ye Slst year of his age." On a slate stone in close 
proximity is also inscribed: " Here lies ye body of Elila, being ye wife 
of .said Caleb Matthews, who died Jan. ye 17th, 173(5, in ye 27th year of 
her age." 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 659 

In the southeast part of the town, and near where Albert Rice now 
lives, Matthew Bellamy settled about the j-ear 1708, at which time he 
was married to Sarah Wood, who died within a few years, and in 1722 
he again married Mary Johnson. He was the father of Matthew Bel- 
lamy, who settled on Cheshire street; of Aaron Bellamy, who lived 
many years in this place, and who married Desire Parker in 1753, and 
was interested in working for several years the copper mine in this 
locality. Another son of the first mentioned Bellamy was Joseph, 
afterward known as Doctor Joseph Bellamy. He was born in 1719, 
graduated at Yale College in 1735, when but 16 years of age. He re- 
ceived his theological education largely under the instruction of the 
Reverend Samuel Hall, who was then the pastor here, and also the 
Reverend Mr. Whittlesey, who took a deep interest in this young 
student. At the age of 18 years he was licensed to preach, and in 1740 
was ordained and installed as pastor of the Congregational church in 
Bethlehem, Conn. He became eminent as a public speaker and as a 
writer, possessing a strong and well disciplined mind. Cheshire with 
pride records his name among the most gifted of her sons. He died 
in Bethlehem, Conn., in the year 1790, in the 72d year of his age, and 
in the 50th year of his ministry. His last days were spent among the 
people where for so many years he had been a faithful and devoted 
minister, and where, under his instructions, a goodly number of young 
men were fitted for the gospel ministry. 

Nearly opposite the present residence of James White was in early 
times the residence of Henry Brooks and his son, Thomas. In the 
year 1685 Henry Brooks was conducting the blacksmith's business. 
He was a farrier and shoer of horses in Cromwell's army. He sold 
out his business in the mother country in the year 1687. Thomas, his 
son, in consideration of his father conveying to him one-half of his 
estate, took upon himself the maintenance of his father and mother 
during the term of their natural lives. William Tyler and Mary Tyler 
deeded to Thomas Brooks, in April, 1705, " 102 acres of land, 2nd Di- 
vision land, called the Lathrop farm, lying one mile from the New 
Haven Mill-River, and bounded South on Capt. John Hotchkiss, Jonah 
Hotchkiss and David vSmith. The .South West Corner a little pond, 
dated 2.3i'd April, 1705, and Eight Acres laid out on the East Side of 
the farm." From the above records, and from reports it would seem 
that Henry Brooks and Thomas Brooks, with their families, removed 
to Cheshire about the year 1705. They were from Cheshire, in Eng- 
land, and it is supposed by some (who furnish good reasons for the 
claimj that they were the ones who gave the name of Cheshire to this 
place. A vote of the First Ecclesiastical Society furnishes the evidence 
that at the house of Captain Thomas Brooks religious services were 
held previous to the erection of the first church in New Cheshire, in 
1723. Thomas Brooks died of small-pox in 1732, and his loss was 
deeply felt by the new organization. Nearly all of the Brooks fami- 



660 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

lies in Cheshire, of the different branches, trace their origin to this 
same Thomas Brooks, the descendants of whose sons are very numer- 
ous, and are scattered about in several different states of the Union. 
Several of them have become prominent in different positions in life. 

A few rods west of the residence of Thomas vSaults was in former 
times the residence of Henry Bristol, who was the first settler in what 
is now Cheshire, by the name of Bristol. He settled here early in 
1700, and died in 1750. Henry Bristol was one of some 40 heads of 
families who colonized a section of the Connecticut forest claimed by 
the New Haven colony, which was at this time almost an unbroken 
forest, abounding in great oaks which some say were from "500 to 
1,000 years old." It required not a little muscle and unflinching cour- 
age for a man with a family to .settle down for life in a forest so wild 
and forbidding. In the valley a short distance east were Indian wig- 
wams, and the calls of the Indians upon the pale faces were not un- 
frequent, asking tribute of them for the privilege of living in their 
midst, and of clearing up the land claimed by the red men as their 
legitimate po.ssession. In the house where Thomas Saults lives, Jona- 
than, a son of Henry, the original settler, and Gideon, a grandson, 
resided many years. The latter served six years in the war of the 
revolution, and was one of the tall and well built veterans selected to 
receive the arms of the British soldiers who surrendered at Yorktown. 
He was a strong built man, brave and generous. He was also an 
ardent patriot, and when once enlisting in Washington's army he .staid 
by it until the end of the war and until English domination in America 
had ceased. 

North of William Johnson's house, about the year 17:37, Ebenezer 
Atwater settled. One morning Mrs. Atwater was awakened by the 
shrill, pitiful cries of their pig, and hastily rushed to the window 
just in time to see a huge black bear jump out of the pen with the 
pig in its mouth. The neighborhood was soon aroused and started in 
pursuit. The bear took a .southeasterly course, crossing the fresh 
meadows, coming up on the ridge near the old Johnson homestead, 
where it was shot by Daniel Johnson. It was a large one and weighed 
over 200 pounds. It was divided among the neighbors who went in 
pursuit, and all went home well pleased with their day's exploit. 

East of the academy about li miles, and fronting the road a few 
rods south of the residence of William S. Baldwin, was formerly the 
old Tuttle homestead. Here Deacon Timothy Tuttle settled in 1706. 
He married the same year Thankful Doolittle. Here also his son, 
Ephraim Tuttle, resided, whose wife died of .small pox in the year 1732, 
and also .several families of his descendants made this place their 
home. vSome think this was the fir.st house erected in what is now 
Cheshire, but although among the first it is evident that a few at the 
.southern part of the town have the seniority. The descendants of 
Deacon Tuttle were numerous, many of whom resided for many years 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 661 

in this locality, but to-day not a single person bearing the name of 
Tuttle resides in this portion of the town. Deacon Tuttle was the 
first moderator of the Congregational society, one of the building 
committee of the first church and one of its deacons for 16 year;;. The 
old pine tree now standing near this old house place, has been sighing 
its mournful requiem for nearly a century and a half of years. It has 
been a guiding point to many a traveler passing over this highway 
between this town and Meriden. 

In North Broad .swamp, and .sometime about 1700, the first settlers 
were, evidently, Caleb Hull, Doctor John Hull and Captain Samuel 
Hull,' all grandsons of Doctor John Hull, who came to Wallingford 
from Derby, where he had been the first physician. He was at that 
time already an old man, but in order to secure his settlement in the 
town, the authorities of Wallingford granted him a tract of choice 

' too 

land which they supposed contained 700 acres; said land lying be- 
tween the north side of Broad swamp and the Quinnipiac river. This 
grant was more than a mile .square, and was known as " Doctor Hull's 
large farm," the Hulls and the Atwaters owning at one time a long 
stretch of land between the Quinnipiac river and what is now Copper 
valley. At the top of the hill east of the residence of Josiah Hull was 
a dwelling, which was the home of Caleb Hull. He married Mercy 
Benham in 1724 and settled here when but 28 years old. In 1710 he 
received from his grandfather. Doctor John Hull. 100 acres of land in 
this vicinity, on the condition that he should come and live with his 
grandfather until 21 years of age. or until his decease. Doctor John 
Hull died in 1711. It is evident that Caleb accepted, for the grant of 
the 1()(» acres of land to Caleb is a recorded transaction. Doctor John 
Hull settled east of the brook near the place known as the Ben Hull 
place. He married Sarah Ives in 1727, and evidently located here 
about that time. He was the father oi Doctor Zephania Hull, who 
moved to Bethlehem, and the grandfather of Andrew Hull, commonly 
known as Squire Hull. A hotel was kept at this place several years. 
Captain Samuel Hull married Sarah Hall in 1783, and settled still 
farther east. His house stood a short distance east of the Darius Hull 
place. Captain vSamuel was a great-grandfather of Josiah Hull, now a 
re.sident in the swamp, and the father of Jesse, who was six years a 
soldier in the war of the revolution. 

In the southeastern part of the town and nearly opposite the house 
of Warren Andrews was an old fashioned leanto house, a finely built 
one for those days, occupied first by Captain Elnathan Beach. He 
married Abigail Ufford, of Stratford, and settled here in 1720. She 
died in 1738, and in 1742 he married Hannah, daughter of Samuel 
Cook. Elnathan Beach was a man of great wealth for those days, and 
was of high standing in the new settlement. He presented the Con- 
gregational church with a bell for their meeting house, and by his 
last will left a bequest of several pounds as a fund for the relief of 



fl(32 HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the poor of the parish of New Cheshire. On a. monumental tablet in 
the town cemetery may be seen the following tribute to his memory: 

" Here lies intered the body of Elnathan Beach, a gentleman who 
from a small beginning, by an honest industry and dilligent applica- 
tion to business, raised a very considerable estate. His liberal bene- 
factions to the parish of Cheshire will perpetuate his name, and as he 
was perhaps the first in Conn, who began a fund for the relief of the 
poor, so he deserves a particular place in the memory of all who wish 
well to mankind. He died Aug. 16, 1742, m the 4.')th year of his age." 

John Beach, a son of Elnathan, also resided here for many years. 
He was the father of Doctor Elnathan, Doctor Bildad, Doctor James 
and Abijah and others. John Beach was a very prominent citizen. 
He was elected to the position of the first selectman of the newly 
incorporated town of Cheshire in 1780, and was also its representative 
in 1782. 

Doctor Abraham Beach, also a son of Elnathan, was born at this 
place in 1743, and graduated at Yale College in 1757, when but 14 
years of age. He afterward becarne a distinguished clergyman of the 
Episcopal church in the city of New York. 

A .short distance east of the late residence of Burritt Bradley, was 
formerly the home of Moses Bradley, who lived here in 1752. He 
had a son named Stephen Rowe Bradley, who was so full of mischief 
that his father could do nothing with him and so he concluded to 
send him to college. This arrangement was made, and the youthful 
.Stephen entered Yale College in the year 1772. Here the elements of 
mischief and sport so prominent in his character did not lie dormant, 
and many tricks are reported to have been played by him on college 
tutors and others, who were victims of his mischievous practices. 
.Stephen R. Bradley, with all his inclinations for sport, nevertheless 
graduated with honors at Yale College in the year 1775. He after- 
ward settled in Vermont, and became one of the most popular men in 
that state. He was elected to the United States senate, and continued 
a member for 16 years. He died at Walpole, N. H., in 1830, aged 75 
years. How often it proves true that tho.se who in their youth seem 
reckless and ungovernable, after sowing their wild oats, .settle down to 
life's realities, and become the most useful and influential men. 

In the extreme southern portion of the town and a few rods south 
of Leander Bristol's place, Daniel Andrews settled in the year 1712. 
His wife died of small pox during the scourge that visited this place 
in the year 1732. A short distance north, on the old colony road, 
Thomas Ives settled at about the same time. A young lady rode over 
daily from Wallingford, bringing the dinners to the men at work 
clearing up the land near this place. One day she broke off a twig 
from a pear tree in starting, which she used for a whip when riding 
on horseback. Upon arriving at her destination she placed the twig 
in the damp ground near by. and it grew and bore pears, and lived to 
be over 15() years old. 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 663 

A short distance west of the Burritt Bradley place, Matthias Hitch" 
cock settled in 1710. He was a useful and prominent member of the 
early parish of New Cheshire. 

West of the late residence of Rier Bristol and a few rods south of 
the cider mill now standing, John Hitchcock, a brother of Matthias, 
settled in the year 1712, the same year of his marriage to Marlow 
Munson. He was a prominent official in the new settlement and was 
one of the first committees appointed to manage the affairs of the 
parish of New Cheshire in 1728. His descendants were numerous, 
several of them occupying positions of public prominence in the state 
and nation. 

The hill west of this place was known as Scotch hill. On the west 
side of this hill, a few rods north of the residence of Mrs. Alonzo 
Brooks, is a large rock, known as Scotch rock. Tradition informs us 
that a Scotchman, who had deserted from the English army, fled for 
safety to the large cave under this rock, and for several months made 
this cave his home and hiding place, the interior being much larger 
than it now appears. The names "Scotch hill," and "Scotch rock," 
were taken from this tradition of the Scotch refugee. 

West of Scotch hill, and near where Samuel H. Brooks now lives, 
his father, David, his grandfather, David, and his great-grandfather, 
Enos, resided. Enos was a son of Thomas, the first Brooks settler in 
the new settlement. David Brooks. A. M., was a son of Enos. He 
graduated at Yale College in the year 1765, was ordained to the work 
of the ministry, occasionally preached but was never settled over any 
church. He was a delegate to the state convention held in Hartford 
in January, 1788, to ratify and adopt the constitution of the United 
States, and was one of the 40 who voted against ratification. He was 
a soldier in the war of the revolution and was among the fir.st quota 
of men furnished by the parish of New Cheshire, entering the .service 
fir.st as a private .soldier, but afterward was duly appointed the quarter- 
master of his regiment. At the request of his kinsman, General David 
Wooster, he prepared and delivered a discourse in Derby, Conn., in 
the year 1774, on the religion of the revolution. This discour.se 
attracted much attention and was published and helped to move 
public opinion in favor of the struggle for independence. 

A short distance north of the Southwest district school house, on 
the west side of the road, Ephraim Cook formerly lived. He was a 
tanner and had several vats north of his house. He also had a large 
bark mill west of his house. He was a shoemaker by trade, and was 
the first Cook settler in this locality, locating here in 1727. He had 
numerous descendants, many of whom moved out to Burton, Ohio. 
The ditch dug through the hill near the old house place, and which 
can now be seen, was the work of Ephraim Hitchcock, who here dug 
for silver. He was one of the many who sought but never found. 

Near where Edward Doolittle now lives, in 1 730 Jahleel Law settled. 



664 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

He was the son of Governor Jonathan La^^•, of Milford, and was the 
father of Esquire William Law, who was afterward a prominent 
citizen of this town, holding many positions of public trust. 

Near where Albert Stone resides, Thomas Curtiss settled in 1717. 
He was a prominent factor in the early settlement of New Cheshire. 
He was one of the committee appointed for building the first church 
in 1723. 

On the road running .southwest from the residence of Norman 
Beach is the place known as the (laius Hitchcock place, where David, 
the father of Gains, and also Peter, the grandfather of (jaius, resided. 
This house now standing was built by Peter Hitchcock in the year 
1738. The rafters were taken from the first church built in the parish, 
and forming a part of the old house and its additions, are portions of 
the three Congregational churches which have been built in Cheshire. 
A deed is in existence in which Peter Hitchcock, Sr.. conveys to " Peter 
Hitchcock, Jr., J of an acre of land, in the South East Corner of the 
home lot, for the love, good will and affection he cherished for his son 
Peter." David Hitchcock, a son of the elder Peter, also resided here. 
He was a revolutionary soldier, was an officer, with the rank of cap- 
tain, and was afterward generally known as Captain David. He was 
a true patriot in word and in deed, believing in those principles of 
freedom and independence for the establishment of which he was will- 
ing to lay down his life. 

Amasa Hitchcock, another son of Peter, born in 1739, lived during 
the first part of his married life in the old leanto house, now standing 
a short distance north of his father's. He had a large family, twelve 
children in all, among whom was Amasa, who built and for many 
years dwelt in the house nearly opposite the Congregational green. 
He was the first postmaster of the town of Cheshire at a time when 
the letters were so few that Mr. Hitchcock pinned them to the window 
sashes, so that the names could be read from the outside, and persons 
could ascertain by this list whether or not they had such mail matter 
in the post office. Robert Hitchcock, a son, was here brought up. He 
graduated at West Point, and afterward became a naval officer of con- 
siderable distinction, having been promoted to the position of com- 
modore in the United States navy. 

Silas Hitchcock, another son of Amasa, Sr., occupied for many 
years the house built by Bishop Abraham Jarvis, and here his widow 
now resides. Silas Hitchcock was a successful merchant in this place 
for many years. He was a very useful and exemplary citizen, filling 
nearly every office of public trust in the town. He was a man kind 
in heart, charitable in expression, whom many loved, and around 
whose bier many mourned. To leave such a legacy to survivors is 
altogether more to be desired than thousands of gold and silver. He 
died in 1849. 

East of the center a few rods and near the factory of the Cheshire 



HISTORV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 665 

Clock Company, Valentine Hitchcock, a brother of Amasa Hitchcock, 
Sr.. settled. He was born in 1741. He was the father of the Rever- 
end Roger Hitchcock, who also here resided until his death. He was 
ordained as pastor of the Congregational church in 1820. The salary 
voted him was $.TOO annually, of which he refused to take but $400, 
requesting that §100 be put at interest and the .same added annually 
to the principal and used if necessary in the future for the support of 
the gospel in the society. He lived but a few years and died greatly 
beloved by all who knew him. Reverend Reuben Hitchcock, another 
son of Valentine, was the pastor of a church in Georgia several years. 
He was also the president of an academy in that state for five years. 
Peter Hitchcock, another son of Valentine, graduated at Yale College 
in 1801, and studied law in Litchfield, Conn. After being admitted to 
the bar he moved to Burton, Ohio. He was sent to the legislature 
from that place in 1810, from 1812 to 1816 was a state senator, and was 
president of the senate for a time. In 1817 he was sent to the senate 
of the United States. He was judge of the supreme court from 1826 
to 1852. He became one of the most distinguished men of the state 
of Ohio. Going through to Washington when first elected to Congress 
and being very plainly dre.ssed, and having stopped at a hotel for din- 
ner, at once the inquiry' was made by several loungers about the tav- 
ern, " Who is that seedy looking individual ?" Vevy soon seated in 
the parlor several gentlemen came in and accosted Mr. Hitchcock, 
calling him in turn jadge, general and senator. This greatly sur- 
prised the curious lookers on, who were led to conclude that they had 
greatly "missed their mark." Mr. Hitchcock went to Burton, Ohio, 
in the year 1806, with an ox team, consuming 40 days' time in the 
journey. 

A short distance south of the center and nearly opposite the resi- 
dence of W. A. Lanyon, Josiah Hotchkiss settled in 1712. He and his 
wife both died of the small-pox in 1732, and it is generally believed 
that the di.sease which proved so afflictive to the infant settlement, 
broke out at the home of this family. 

Near the residence of Samuel Kelsey, Deacon Stephen Hotchkiss 
settled in the year 1707, with his wife Elizabeth, who was a 
daughter of John Sperry, of New Haven. He was one of the 
deacons of the first church, which was erected in 1723, a few rods 
southwest of the residence of W. A. Lanyon, and was its deacon for 
31 years; also in 1723 he was selected to " Sett the Psalms " on the 
vSabbath. In 1724 the society agreed with Deacon Stephen Hotchkiss 
to sweep the meeting house for one year for one pound lawful money. 

Near the residence of Doctor E. T. Cornwall, in an old-fashioned 
leanto house, Reverend Samuel Hall settled in 1723. He was the 
first pastor of the Congregational church or parish of New Cheshire, 
was ordained December 9th, 1724, and was its pastor until the year 
1767, covering a period of 43 years, at which time Reverend John 



666 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTV. 

Foot was ordained as colleague. Notwithstanding, Mr. Hall officiated 
nearly one-half of the time for nine years afterward, and then clo.sed 
his ministry with a discourse from Samuel xixiSS: " I am this day 
fourscore years old." He died February 2Cth, 1776, aged 81 years. 
Like a shock of corn fully ripe he was gathered to his fathers. Mr. 
Hall was well off financially for those times, even when he came to 
Cheshire, and was able to purchase land and erect buildings thereon. 
The green in front of the present Congregational church, and that 
part of the town cemetery west of the ravine was a portion of his 
benefactions to the parish of New Cheshire. Reverend Mr. Hall was 
an old light on the Dana controversy. His last .sermons were deliv- 
ered at a time which tried men's souls. Lexington, Concord and Bun- 
ker Hill had already met the smoke and carnage of battle, and so 
thrilled with patriotic enthusiasm was Cheshire's venerable pastor that 
he walked up and down the aisles of the old church, earnestly urging 
the young men to march as minute men to Boston to drive back the 
invading foe. 

The house now standing on this site was built by Doctor Thomas 
T. Cornwall, who practiced medicine in this town for many years, 
and who was a succe.ssful practitioner. Also in still later times this 
was the residence of the Honorable E. A. Cornwall, a son of the doctor, 
who was a very prominent and useful citizen, filling in his lifetime 
nearly everv position of public trust within the gift of his fellow citi- 
zens to bestow. He died in 1889. 

On the opposite corner, where now resides Seth Calhoun, the Rev- 
erend John Foot settled about the year 1767. He married Abigal, 
daughter of the Reverend vSamuel Hall, succeeded his father-in-law in 
the pastorate of the Congregational church and was its pastor from 
17G7 to 1813, a period of 46 years. During his term of service he 
admitted to the church 549 persons, and officiated at 1,109 funerals. 
He died in the pastorate in the year 181:-}, after a long and useful 
service in the mini.stry of the word. It is related of Mr. Foot that 
when first settled as a colleague of Mr. Hall, then quite a 3'oung man, 
he was walking one day in the southern portion of the town, and 
meeting a man on the road with two dogs, he pleasantly accosted him 
with the usual salutation, and then a.sked him why he kept two dogs. 
The man replied: " For this reason; you will notice one of my dogs 
is getting old, and I got the other one as a colleague for him," Mr, 
Foot being in the .same position to Mr. Hall, saw the point at once, 
and even in his old age acknowledged it to be the sharpest turn he 
ever received, 

vSamuel A, Foot, LL,D,, a son of Reverend John Foot, also here 
resided for many years. He was born in 1780, graduated at Yale 
College in 1797, studied law and was admitted to the bar, but never 
actively practiced. In 1819, 1823 and in 1834, he was elected to con- 
gress, and in the latter year was elected governor of the state of 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 667 

Connecticut. The same year he received from Yale College the 
degree of LL.D. It was the land resolution introduced by Foot when 
in congress, which drew out the famous debate between Webster and 
Haines in 1830. He was also speaker of the house of represertatives 
in his native state for several terms. He died September 16th, 1846, 
aged 66 years, leaving behind the record of a highly useful life. 

Andrew, a son of Governor Foot, and now generally known as 
Admiral Andrew H. Foot, entered West Point Military Academy in 
1822, where he staid but a few months, and in the latter part of the 
same year was transferred to the navy, his long coveted position. He 
entered as midshipman, was appointed lieutenant in 1831, promoted 
to commander in 1850, to commodore in 1861, and was exalted to the 
position of rear-admiral in 1862. In 1861, when the war was well 
under way, he had no hesitation as to his duty. This to him was as 
clear as the sun in the heavens. One day while discussing this matter 
with his brother, John A., he said, " Well brother John, tell me plainly, 
do you mean to fight? If you don't intend to do so, then don't express 
your opinion so loudly. As for me I intend to fight." He was an 
unswerving patriot, and his narne will go down to posterity engraven 
high on the temple of fame. John A. Foot, another son of the gover- 
nor, graduated at Yale, became a lawyer and afterward removed to 
Cleveland, Ohio, and now resides there beloved and honored in the 
place of his adoption. Augustus, another son of the governor, also 
moved to Cleveland, and there became a man of prominence in public 
matters and highly honored among his associates. A like record of 
honor, prosperity and usefulness, but few families enjoy, as seemed 
to fall to the families of Reverend John Foot and his son. Governor 
S. A. Foot, a record that will perpetuate their memory through suc- 
ceeding generations. 

Nearly opposite the Foot residence, where Miss Roxanna Hitch- 
cock now resides, Samuel Beach settled about the year 1758. He 
graduated at Yale College in the year 1757, studied law and practiced 
to some extent in Cheshire. He married Mary, daughter of Reverend 
Samuel Hall, for his first wife. He was a delegate to the convention 
of this state, held in Hartford, in the year 1788, for the purpose of 
ratifying the constitution of the United States, and ca.st his vote in 
the affirmative. He was chosen a deacon of the Congregational church 
in the year 1766, was sent to the state legislature five different years 
and was elected to several offices of public trust in his native town. 

Burrage Beach, a son of Deacon Samuel, also lived at the old home- 
stead during his lifetime. He graduated at Yale College in 1793, and 
afterward studied law with his father. He was for many years the 
leading lawyer in this vicinity. His excellent knowledge of law and 
ready wit, led many even in adjoining towns, to seek his legal services 
and counsel in judicial affairs. Esquire Beach, when quite advanced 
in years, met one day in the city of New Haven Alfred Blackman 



668 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

then a rising young lawyer. Tlie squire ^yas carrying a large cane 
for support. Young Blackman noticing this, asked his aged friend if 
he was afraid of dogs. Squire Beach replied, " Oh, no ! I am not in 
the least afraid of dogs, but I am sometimes terribly annoyed by 
puppies." 

The house now occupied by E. R. Brown was built by Doctor 
Elnathan Beach, about the year ]7S(t. He married Abigal, a daughter 
of Reuben Atwater and here resided a few years. Also his brother, 
Doctor James Beach, occupied this house for a time and practiced 
medicine. Afterward this house was occupied by the Reverends 
Doctor Smith, Doctor Bowden and Doctor Bronson, clergymen of the 
Ejjiscopal church. In the south front room, it is stated the first Epis- 
copal missionary society was formed. From 1796, forward for several 
years, men of great mmds and rare intellectual attainments resided 
with their families under this roof, and this was known as a sort of 
theological center for the Episcopal church in its early history, where 
its bishops often resorted, and where weighty and important theolog- 
ical problems were .solved. 

In front of. the Reverend S. J. Horton's present residence formerly 
stood an old fashioned house built by Deacon Israel Bunnell, who 
settled here about the time this town was incorporated. He was a 
large land holder, owning about 4U() acres, extending from turnpike 
to the West mountain. He represented the town in the state legisla- 
ture six different years, was selectman several years and was a deacon 
of the Congregational church. He was a man highly esteemed for 
his works' sake. Mr. Bunnell, like many others in those days, held 
slaves, and on the records of this town appears the following: " Where- 
as application is made by Deacon Israel Bunnell to the subscribers, 
that he is desirous to emancipate and sett free his negro maid servant 
named Katie, about 30 years of age. We having examined the said 
Kate, find her to be desirous to become free, and that she is a person 
in good health, and do therefore grant liberty to said Bunnell, to 
emancipate & sett free said Kate. 

Dated Cheshire, Apl. Sth, 17!)4. 

Reuben Atwater, , ^. .^ Authority. 

John Peck, \ -" 

Wm. Law, j 

Elnathan Beach, -Selectmen." 
Selden Spencer, \ 

At the head of the .street, where Mrs. Hezekiah Rice lives, Eben- 
ezer Doolittle settled about the year 1700. Here also his son, Ebenezer, 
and grandson, Ebenezer, lived with their families in turn. Elkanah, 
a son of the last named, was a graduate of Yale College, his college 
diploma now being in the possession of his grandson, M. C. Doolittle. 

Nearly opposite the Congregational parsonage, Nathaniel Bunnell 
.settled in the year 1709. He married Desire Peck and was the first 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 669 

Bunnell settler in what is now Cheshire. He died of the small pox 
in the year 1732, and is one of the persons alluded to by the Rever- 
end Samuel Hall in a discourse preached soon after, stating that his 
loss, with two others mentioned, would be to the infant .society, " like 
breeches of the sea." Here also his son. Lieutenant Ebenezer Bunnell, 
resided until his death. 

Nearly opposite the residence of N. S. Piatt Joseph Thompson 
settled, was a resident here at the formation of the parish of New 
Cheshire in 1723, and was its clerk for 24 years, from the time of its 
organization to the year 1747. He was one of the first members of 
the Congregational church formed soon after. In the year 1737, " By 
their vote the society agree to warn meetings by beating of the 
drum, from the hou.se of Abraham Barnes, to the house of Joseph 
Thompson, on Tuesday Eve and the next Tuesday evening to be the 
societv's meeting." 

Nearly opposite the house of E. P. Atwater, Colonel Benjamin Hall 
settled about the year 1727. He was for many years a justice of the 
peace and aggrieved persons were in the habit of going to him for 
counsel and it is stated that when he could not effect a settlement he 
would send the disagreeing parties to his brother, the Reverend 
vSamuel Hall, as a la.st resort. He married Abigal, daughter of Rev- 
erend Nathaniel Chauncey, of Durham. "Dec. ye 13, 1737, by their 
voat the society gave Capt. Hall liberty to build a pew, upon his own 
charges in the meeting house for himself and his family." The house 
now occupied by E. P. Atwater was built by Benjamin Hall for his 
son Benjamin. The latter married Mary Ives in 1752, graduated at 
Yale College in 1754, and was for many years a very prominent and 
useful member of the society of New Cheshire. 

A few rods north of the residence of G. D. Crane, Abraham Doolittle 
settled in 1710. He married Mary, daughter of Benjamin Lewis, and 
was the grandson of one of the first proprietors of Wallingford, who 
bore the same name. Here also lived for many years his grandson, 
Abner Doolittle, who was one of the first persons who swore off from 
the Congregational society and united with the Episcopalians, and 
was a prominent factor in the early history of that church in this 
place. 

A few rods south of the residence of William H. Doolittle, Doctor 
Benjamin Lewis resided in 1724. He married Esther, daughter of 
Caleb Matthews. A daughter of his married Titus Doolittle, grand- 
father of the late A. L. Doolittle. Doctor Lewis had many descend- 
ants. 

In the northwest part of the town and a short distance southeast 
of the late residence of Delos Hotchkiss, Sergeant Samuel Roys settled 
in the year 1728. He married Martha, daughter of Benjamin Moss. 
Near this residence formerly stood a rude stone monument some seven 
feet high, supposed to have been erected by the Indians in commem- 



670 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

oration of a battle fought here, for on this ground prior to 1840, were 
found scores of Indian arrows and other implements of Indian warfare. 

Near where James Todd now resides, Benjamin Moss settled about 
the year 1728. North of the residence of Samuel A. Moss, Isaac Mo.ss 
settled in the year 1737. His son, Jesse Moss, was a revolutionary 
soldier. Near where Samuel A. Moss now lives his great-grandfather, 
Samuel, settled about the year 1784. His son, Thomas, was also a 
soldier in the war of the revolution and was a true patriot. 

In the North Center district, near where J. D. Walters resides, 
Joseph Benham settled about the year 1735. His son, Uri, and 
grandson, Joseph, also resided here. 

East of E. A. Atwater's a short distance, Abraham Atwater settled 
about the year 1738. Here also his son, Samuel, lived, and his grand- 
son, Flamen, each in turn resided with their families. The old house 
was demolished in the year 1890, having a history of over 150 years. 

On what is known as Peck lane Esquire John Peck settled about 
the year 1750. His house stood a short distance north of William 
Peck's present residence. He was one o( the first representatives 
from this town the first year of its incorporation in 1780, and was in- 
trusted with important interests. He was also one of its first select- 
men appointed the same year. He was trial justice for several years, 
and was held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. It is stated that 
he built at his own expense a portion of the present road, which is 
still called Peck lane. 

East of the academy and near where E. G. Doolittle now lives, 
Reuben Atwater settled about the year 1752. He married Sarah Hall 
in 1752. and Mary Russell in 1755. He was a very prominent member 
of the societ}' of New Cheshire, and also of the town after its incor- 
poration. He was sent to the legislature six different years. He was 
also at the head of the memorialists who petitioned the general 
assembly in 178(1, to be set off as a distinct town, and was one of the 
committee appointed to settle and adjust all differences that might 
arise, and also to fix the lines for dividing proposed town of Cheshire 
from the town of Wallingford. 

Here also his son-in-law, known as General Andrew Hull, after- 
ward resided. He was al.so prominent in civil and military affairs. 
He was sent to the legislattire 20 sessions and 11 different years. He 
was a superior military officer, holding the rank of brigadier-general 
of the 2d brigade. General Hull died in the year 1827, and was the 
marshall for the district of Connecticut at the time of his death. 

A short distance north of the Cheshire town house Moses Doolittle 
settled, also Andrew Hull, his grandson, generally known as Esquire 
Andrew Hull. He was born in 1754, came here when a child and 
lived here until his death in 1824. He was a very influential and useful 
citizen, was a member of the state legislature 3() different sessions and 
19 different years, was first selectman several years, a constable for a 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 671 

time, and trial justice for a series of years. He was a man of decided 
traits of character and held in high esteem by his fellow citizens. 
Naomi, a datighter and only child of Esquire Andrew Hull, married 
Captain William Brown, who was lost at sea in the brig "Trenton," 
with all his crew in the year 1811. Several heads of families from 
this town were among the number lost. 

In the northeast part of the town, extending along the line that 
divides Cheshire and Meriden, in the district known as Cheshire 
street, and near the present residence of George Baker, Deacon Ed- 
ward Parker settled about the year 1716. He was evidently one of the 
first settlers in this locality. He had nine sons, many of whom resided 
near their father; also one daughter, who married Timothy Hall; in 
the year 1748, and .settled near what is now known as the James Beach 
place. Deacon Edward Parker lived in a large leanto house built by 
his own hands. He was a joiner by trade, and built several houses in 
different parts of the town. He was employed to frame the Third 
Congregational church in what was then Branford (now Northford) in 
the year 1746. He was chosen deacon of the Congregational church 
in 1755, and well adorned this official station. In the year 1734, b}' 
vote of society, he was given the third seat in church. It is stated 
that on one occasion a sound resembling a groan was heard, as if pro- 
ceeding from under the hearth-stone. This, in those days of much 
superstition, foreboded evil, and the death of a child of Mr. Parker's 
very soon after added strength to this conviction. Another early 
settler on Cheshire street, so-called, was Sergeant Amos Matthews, 
who evidently settled here about the same time as did Deacon Parker, 
and was a man prominent in the new settlement. The descendants 
of Deacon Edward Parker were quite numerous 100 years ago. So 
many were they that this street was known in those days as Parker's 
street. Afterward the names of Hall, Bellamy, Twiss, Hough, Cowles, 
Miles, Smith, Curtiss, Yale, Seeley, Rice or Royce, Root, Matthews, 
Plymet, Bradley, Hendrick, Brooks, Beach, Newton and others appear 
as settlers on this .street so near the waters of the Great river, so- 
called. 

Charles Parker, a prominent manufacturer of Meriden, and an 
honored citizen, is a descendant of Deacon Edward Parker; and Na- 
thaniel Bradley, at the head of the Bradley & Hubbard Manufac- 
turing Company, also of the Silver City, and who ranks in wealth and 
influence among the foremost citizens of the city of Meriden, were 
both from and received their early training m this district. Here was 
a gri.st mill, tavern, saw mills, clothing works, tin shop, paint shop, 
store, school hou.se, cemetery, and many conveniences of a village. In 
fact here was more thrift and business enterprise than in any portion 
of the town outside of the center, and its relative importance in these 
matters was the reason for the name of Cheshire Street given to this 
section of the town a century ago, and by which its location has been 



672 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

since known. But few, comparatively, of the descendants of any of 
the families heretofore mentioned are present residents of this local- 
ity; in fact less families now reside here and a smaller population than 
the facts of a century ago bear witness. The new railroad running 
from Cromwell to Waterbury and having a depot here, there is reason 
to believe, will furnish inspiration for a renewal of settlement, and 
that in consequence this place will more than regain its former 
prestige. 

It is difficult for us at the present day to even imagine the hard- 
ships our fathers experienced in travelling from one town to another. 
They were obliged to pass through swamps and marshes, to climb 
mountains and hills, to ford rivers or pass over on rafts, to cut down 
trees, to push their way often through thick underbrush, and the en- 
tanglement of vines, oftentimes with simply a " bridle path " to mark 
their way. Previous to the year 1802 no roads were made by bcing 
rounded from the center to the sides in turnpike form, as is the usual 
custom at the present day. 

Among the first roads built in what is now Cheshire were the fol- 
lowing, viz.: In 1(594 a highway at Btoad Swamp. In 1697 John Hitch- 
cock and John Parker were appointed to see what highways were 
needed to the Fresh Meadows and westward to Mill river. In 1702 
two highways were built on the west side of the river: one by Ben- 
jamin Hull's, and one to run westward to the south side of Broad 
swamp, and the other at the north side of said swamp. Also a road 
to the east side of the West Rocks two rods wide for " footman and 
horses saddled." Also a highway adjoining the New Haven line from 
the river westward through the south part of what is now Cheshire 
and terminating on the West mountain, near Bethany. 

In several instances houses were erected before anj- roads were built 
near them. After a time parallel roads running north and south were 
surveyed and several of them built, while cross roads east and west 
were built one after another as .settlement demanded. An old house 
now stands near the residence of Lauren Cook, in the extreme south- 
western part of the town, said to have been erected 170 years ago 
and before the present road was cut through over the mountain. .Some 
of the most manifest changes in the location of the roads here were 
made on the line of the old colony road at the time of building the 
turnpike in the year 1800. The old colony road ran back of the present 
residence of Leander Bristol, .several rods from the Hamden line, 
coming out at road running west past the John vSears place. On this 
old road were five houses, all of which were created by early settlers. 
This road is clo.sed, and with the excejation of old wells furnishes no 
evidence of the former settlement. Also near the Pliney Hitchcock 
place the road ran farther west, which was also the case through a 
portion of the center of the village. Also the old colony road formerly 
ran ea.st of William H. Doolittle's throusfh the flat land known as 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 673 

Tunxis Valley, east of the North Center district school house and 
east of E. P. Morgan's house, which now faces the east on the line of 
this old road. The old Isaac Moss place, which stood on the lot east 
of Sandy hill, also faced the east. This was an old-fashioned leanto 
house, which turned its long back on the turnpike for over 70 years. 
This road crossed the turnpike, connecting with the present road that 
runs past the Hiram Andrews place, a few rods west of the turnpike 
and terminating near the late residence of G. L. Hotchkiss. On Moss 
farms, going north from the residence of Samuel A. Moss, the old road 
ran farther east some ten roads for a distance of about one-quarter 
of a mile. On this road Sergeant Isaac Moss, an early settler, first 
located. 

An old road formerly ran south of the late residence of Charles 
Hall, in the western part of the town, running across to the Prospect 
road. On this road was a school house and several residences. On 
this road Aunt NinaWelton lived, who was unwearying in her search 
after the great " Carbuncle " which she felt sure was hidden among 
the rocks near her dwelling and which only waited to bestow upon 
the finder untold riches. .She searched for this night after night, her 
dim lantern flickering here and there, but she never found the jewel 
which she sought. This road is now closed in part, and the old road 
running west is but seldom used, and is but a cart path. 

Formerly the road from the present residence of Mrs. H. C. Ives, at 
West Cheshire, ran farther south than the present road, running back or 
south of William Munson's place and coming out near the notch. On 
this old road, now closed, Daniel Humiston, the ancestor of the Cheshire 
Humistons, aLso Joseph Beach and others lived. An old deed is now in 
the possession of J. L. Humiston, signed over 100 years ago by Esquire 
Andrew Hull, Colonel Ebenezer Hale and Israel Bunnell, then the 
selectmen of the town, conveying the land in this old road to Jesse 
Humiston. 

In the southeastern portion of the town, east of the late residence 
of Samuel Mallory, and east of Sperry hill, so-called, was formerly a 
road which ran across, coming out near the residence of H. C. Bristol. 
On this road Nathan and Ebenezer Benham and others lived in the 
past century. This road is now closed up and forms a part of a culti- 
vated field. 

From 1780 to 1820 taverns were much more numerous than at 
present. These taverns all kept ardent .spirits and tobacco, and as the 
mode of travelling was usually on horseback or in wagons of a very 
rude construction, it is evident these taverns were frequent resorts for 
the weary traveller in those days. 

One of the first taverns was kept by Matthew Bellamy, in the south- 
east part of the town, near where Albert Rice now lives. The follow- 
ing is on record: " In October, 1722, Matthew Bellamy petitioned the 
General Assembly t];iat as your petitioner is living within the town- 
42 



674 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ship of Wallingford, and living very near the place where the miners 
are at work, where there is many of them, and especially will be many 
now, and there being no other person within six or seven miles that 
can well find them entertainment except your petitioner, whereupon 
your petitioner with the next owners of the mines prayeth your peti- 
tioner may have a license by an act of this Assembly to keep a house 
of entertainment, that so your petitioner may without danger provide 
for and entertain the miners and others as need shall require, and 
your petitioner to be under the same penalty as other persons that are 
licensed by the Assembly Court." 

In the house standing nearly opposite the residence of Porter An- 
drews, known as the Enos Bassett place, a tavern or house of en- 
tertainment was kept about 100 years ago. The window through 
which drinks were pa.ssed and the shelf outside near the well can 
now be seen. 

Near the residence of Mrs. A. M. Beecher a tavern was kept in 
the year 1732 by Josiah Hotchkiss. It was evidently at his place 
that the small-pox broke out in the spring of the same year, at which 
time Mr. Hotchkiss and his wife died of that dread disease. At this 
place much public business was done in the interests of the new 
settlement. 

In the house now occupied by the widow of Burritt Bradley a 
tavern and also a store were kept for many years at the commence- 
ment of the present century. Abijah Beach built the house and here 
kept tavern for several years. Afterward Asa Tuttle was the pro- 
prietor for a number of years. In the year 1826, when the canal was 
first in process of building, a gang of men who were at work near 
where the Hamden poor house now stands, and who were then board- 
ing at Joel Merriman's, came up one evening to this tavern and store 
and called for whi.skey. Captain Asa Tuttle, fearing the results, re- 
fused them. At this denial they became angry and abused not only 
the proprietor, but all persons present. Titus Gaylord was standing 
on the steps outside, and their language to him was too insulting 
for him to bear. His anger was stirred within him. Stepping into 
the store he .selected an ax helve with the right hang to it, and 
stepping outside, where the gang were carousing, he marched into 
their midst, striking with his ax helve right and left and doing effec- 
tive work at each stroke. The intrudei's made a hasty retreat, and 
in the morning, when the field of battle was surveyed, a hat was 
found covered with blood and hair, and it was also found that one of 
the men was missing from Mr. Merriman's boarding house after this 
demonstration. 

Nearly opposite the Gaius Hitchcock house, in the South Center 
district, Waitsall Hotchkiss kept tavern about 100 years ago. Here 
fried cakes and gingerbread were sold to many a customer in all parts 
of the town. Fried cakes were here on sale at one cent each. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 675 

A short distance north of the residence of Charles T. Hotchkiss, in 
the western part of the town, can now be seen an old shell of a house, 
where it is stated that Barney Munson kept tavern or a place of en- 
tertainment in the beginning of the present century. At this olace 
" flip " was sold quite freely at three cents a glass. 

In the extreme northwest portion of the town, in what is known 
as the John Hall place, nearly 100 years ago, William Hall kept tav- 
ern. This place was a noted resort for travellers. A cider mill stood 
near by, which was a very busy place in the fall season of each 
year. 

A short distance south a lane ran directly west to the mountain. 
Near the terminus of this lane a Mohav/k Indian lived 150 years ago. 
Here were two rocks near together, which he covered over and made 
habitable. He had committed some offense and had fled thither 
from his tribe in the Mohawk valley. North of this and near the 
Southington line Perry Langdon kept a place of public entertainment 
about the year 1820. 

Where Robert Minor now resides Lemuel Hall kept tavern about 
the year 1820, and for several years afterward. This tavern was a 
noted resort for 3^oung people even 70 years ago. One morning Mr. 
Hall noticed a flag fastened to the chimney of his house and offered 
a certain young man who is now living a rum sling if he would climb 
up and take it down. This was quite a temptation in those days, and 
the offer was accepted and the flag taken down in triumph. 

On the turnpike some two miles north of the center, which in 
recent years has been the residence of Deacon J. L. Baldwin, was a 
tavern kept by Andrew Hull and others some 50 or 60 years ago. This 
place was known as the Farmer's Home and has been so called by old 
people down to the present time. 

It is stated that the turnpike between this tavern commonly known 
at that time as the Farmer's Home and the center of the village, was 
so straight, that from the chamber looking south from the hotel on 
Sunday, could be plainly .seen, people coming out of the old (or Second 
Congregational) church, which stood full as far east of the present 
church as the main road. This indicated to the family the time to 
commence getting supper. 

On the .site of the present residence of Doctor E. T. Cornwall, the 
Reverend Samuel Hall settled about the year 1723. He was the first 
pastor of the Congregational church and served as such for 43 years. 
He died in the year 1776. Soon after his death his son, Jonathan Hall, 
kept a tavern in the old homestead for many years. He was followed 
by Doctor William L. Foot, who also kept a public house here for a 
few years. This was a noted resort for the town officials, who spent 
many an evening in this place, discussing matters of interest to the 
newly incorporated town. 

In the building now the residence of Mrs. Martin Brennan, was 



670 . HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

some 100 years ago the leading public house of the place. It was 
erected by Abijah Beach, who here kept tavern for a number of years. 
Afterward Samuel Cook, Richard Gregory, Horatio Terrell, Jesse 
Nichols, vSamuel Thompson and others were the managers. In the 
third story was a hall fitted up by Mr. Beach for public use. Here 
courts, balls, exhibitions, shows, singing schools and almost all kinds 
of public entertainments were held. There are those now living who 
remember attending dancing school in this hall. 

The old hotel now apart of the Wallace House was built by Doctor 
Cornwall early in the present century and by him occupied as a resi- 
dence. Several years afterward Doctor Shelton purchased the property 
and resided here. i\bout 50 years ago this property was purchased by 
William Horton, who here kept a hotel for several years. He was 
followed by Levi Munson, who was proprietor until the year 1780, at 
which time the property was purchased by F. L. Wallace, who moved 
back the old hotel, built on the extensive addition in front, and making 
many improvements, as the building and grounds in front now 
appear. 

On the corner in front of the private residence of Reverend Doctor 
Horton, Deacon Israel Bunnell lived. He was a large landholder, and 
for many years a prominent official of the town. It was from him that 
Bunnell lane derived its name. He was sent to the legislature six dif- 
ferent sessions, and was also selectman for a number of years. Deacon 
Bunnell kept tavern in this place for several years, which was a very 
popular resort for the travelling public. 

On the opposite corner, where now stands the fine brick building 
known as Horton Hall, was formerly a hotel built early in the present 
century by Doctor William L. Foot, who kept it for a short time. Af- 
terward Benjamin Dowd Doolittle kept a public house here for quite 
a number of years. At this hotel courts of justice were often held, 
at the time Esquire Andrew Hull was the trying justice. 

In the year 1732 the small-pox broke out in the infant settlement, 
introduced there by an unknown hand. The disease broke out in the 
center of the village, generally believed to be at the house of Josiah 
Hotchkiss, a few rods from the meeting house, and near the present 
residence of Mrs. A. M. Beecher. This was then a house much fre- 
quented on all public occasions, and the disease being of an unusual 
kind, many opinions were expressed in reference to its nature. People 
went upon the Sabbath and other public days to see the sick, suppos- 
ing the disea.se to be the chicken-pox or swine-pox, or at least only an 
inflammation of the blood. After a time, however, when it began to 
spread, and many persons were sick with this disease, some were 
afraid it was really the small-pox. Persons were sent for to visit the 
sick who had had the disease, and they expressed the opinion it was 
not the small-pox, which only tended to make people more careless 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 677 

until Doctor Harpin, of Milford (being sent for), came and at once 
pronounced it the regular small-pox. 

At this time 124 persons were afflicted with this dreadful scourge, 
out of a population of about 350, or over one-third of the inhabi*^^ants. 
Out of this number 17 died, a large portion of them being among the 
most useful and influential members of the parish. 

The Reverend Samuel Hall, Cheshire's first pastor, was sick with 
the disease, after heroically devoting himself to the alleviation of the 
sufferings of his flock, losing an only son during the pestilence, and 
it is evident that many lives were spared through his personal 
exertions. 

In a discourse delivered by the Reverend Mr. Hall, entitled, 
" Bitter Afflictions, Remembered and Improved," after recovering 
sufficiently from the disease, he said, in speaking of the losses sus- 
tained: " Our losses by this fatal disease are to us like breeches of the 
sea. " So many were sick at one time that it was impossible to obtain 
nurses to care for the sick, or even help sufficient to properly bury the 
dead. The following persons fell as victims to this plague: (Died in 
April) — Ebenezer Johnson, Elizabeth Hotchkiss, Robert Hotchkiss, 
Mrs. Daniel Hotchkiss. (Died in May)— A child of Ebenezer Johnson, 
Captain John Hotchkiss, Ebenezer Johnson, Jr.. Ensign Nathaniel 
Bunnell, Eliphalat Johnson, a child of Matthias Hitchcock, Jo.siah 
Hotchkiss, Lieutenant Thomas Brooks, Mrs. Ephraim Tuttle, Na- 
thaniel Hitchcock, Mrs. Josiah Hotchkiss, a child of Josiah Hotchkiss, 
and a child of the Reverend Samuel Hall. The latter died May 17th, 
aged 5 months and 8 days. 

After skilled physicians and experienced nurses were employed 
but few died with the disorder. The sympathies of the colonists at 
other points were aroused by the sad accounts of this dread pestilence, 
and at a meeting of the general assembly in session the same year 
£50 was appropriated for the benefit of the sufferers at New 
Cheshire. 

The town of Wallingford was slow in heeding the petitions of the 
" West Farmers " when they prayed for parish privileges, and did not 
grant their oft-repeated request until April 30th, 1723. On that date 
the town " Voted that there shall be a village on the west side of the 
river, and their bounds shall be as follows: Beginning at the south- 
east of Samuel Cook, Jr., his farm, and thence running a .south line to 
New Haven bounds, and from said corner northward, taking in said 
Cook's farm and Matthew Bellainy's farm; thence a straight line tak- 
ing in Joseph Thompson, his farm; from thence northward, taking 
Atwater's, Jr., Tiler's and Doctor Hull's, their farms, at Broad Swamp; 
thence to Thomas Matthews' farm, over Stony River; thence in the 
east line his, to Matthews', his farm, taking in Joseph Curtis, his farm, 
and William Hendrick, his farm, to the north line of the village; with 
this proviso, that whatsoever farm or lot being cut by said line run- 



fi78 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ning across shall be to the town society or to the village, according to 
the owner's choice or habit." 

Under this arrangement the Congregational church and the first 
schools were established and maintained. But the inhabitants of this 
district, pari.sh or village early longed for and a.sked to be endowed 
with town privileges. December 1st, 1741, Colonel Benjamin Hall 
was appointed to petition the general assembly for that purpose, with- 
out avail. In 1769 and 1770 the petitions were urgently renewed, 
with no better success. December 16th, 1779, the consent of Walling- 
ford is asked, and April 18th, 1780, the assembly is once more besought 
to set the village aside as a separate town, and this time success attends 
the effort. 

The first town meeting was held June 7th, 1780. Major Reuben 
Atwater was the moderator, and the officers elected were: Town clerk, 
Samuel Beach; selectmen, John Beach, Timothy Hall, John Peck; con- 
stables, Lucius Tuttle, Jonathan Hall, Reuben Rice: grand jurors, 
Benjamin Hotchkiss, Jr., Matthew Bellamy, Ebenezer Doolittle, Benoni 
Hotchkiss, Benoni Plumb, Ephraim iSmith: listers, Captain Richard 
Rice, Lieutenant Benjamin Doolittle, Josiah Talmage, John Bryan, 
Asa Brunson; tythingmen, Amasa Hall, Seth Johnson; surveyors of 
highways. Doctor Gold Gift Norton, Aaron Williams, Abijah Hull, 
Titus Moss, Titus Hitchcock, Israel Bunnell, Jonathan Hall, Jr., Ben- 
nett Rice. Dimon Barnes, Ebenezer Parker, Moses Atwater, Jr., Isaac 
Brooks, Jr., Moses Blakeslee. 

As the town was organized in the troublous times of the revolution, 
much of its early action pertained to the struggle for independence. 
At the first meeting Major Reuben Atwater, Israel Bunnell and Jonah 
Hotchkiss were chosen a committee to supply the soldiers' families 
with provisions. The former and Samuel Beach, Esq., were also em- 
powered to ascertain the number of men from Cheshire at that time 
in the continental service, and to class the inhabitants of the town, 
agreeably to the act of the general assembly, authorizing such an 
enumeration. In November of the same year it was voted that the 
town should be divided into classes to fill up the continental army, 
and Captain Nathaniel Bunnell, Captain David Hitchcock, Captain 
Miles Hull, Captain Robert Martin and Captain Amos Hitchcock were 
appointed a committee to make such a division. It was also agreed to 
pay each enlisted man .serving in the continental army 20 shillings per 
month in silver. No account of the enlistments thus made appear on 
the records of the town. 

The following year a record was made showing that slaves were 
held by P>enoni Hotchki.ss, Jonathan Hall, Benjamin Atwater and 
Titus Atwater, and for many years records of births in the families of 
slaves were thus made. 

While the care of the poor of the town was a matter for frequent 
consideration at the annual meetings, more than sixty years elapsed 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 679 

before a separate home for their maintenance was provided. January 
3d, 1853, Julius Brooks, Ambrose E. Doolittle and Benajah Ives were 
appointed to purchase a suitable home for the indigent of the town. 
This purpose was not immediately realized, but in the course of a few 
years a poor farm was purchased, which, by a vote, November 5th, 
1859, was constituted the " Town House of Correction." In 1884 the 
matter of selling the farm was agitated, but on being referred to the 
judgment of Bradley Miles, Julius Moss and Joseph P. Beach, they 
advised that new buildings be erected to make the farm serve its in- 
tended purposes. In 1889 the farm was valued at $4,700, and the per- 
sonal property on it at $2,718.15. The farm was maintained at an ex- 
pense of several thousand dollars per year, and more than $800 is ex- 
pended annually in aid for the outside poor. 

For many years the town had no fixed place to hold its meetings, 
but on the 4th of February, 1867, it was voted to build a hall on the 
triangular green, in front of the Congregational meeting house. Ed- 
ward A. Cornwall, Ambrose E. Doolittle and Daniel Judd were ap- 
pointed a building committee, witja instructions to use brick and have 
the house ready for use October 1st, 1867. But it was not fully com- 
pleted until later in that year, and January 6th, 1868, it was valued at 
$13,540. It is a roomy edifice, having offices in the first story, and a 
spacious hall, fitted for general gatherings, in the second. Efforts to 
build a new hall, made in recent years, have proved fruitless. But 
the old hall has been well repaired, and in 1889 was valued at $15,000. 

The burial place of the Congregational church has been practi- 
cally under the care of the town since its organization, and has be- 
come the public cemetery. It is well located, and while convenient 
to the village is by reason of its topography sufficiently retired to be 
peaceful. In the past ten years it has been much improved, an 
impetus in this direction having been given, in 1875, when Mrs. Daniel 
March donated §500 for that purpose. This fund was greatly increased 
by other donations, and some of it was used in extending the area of 
the cemetery. In 1889 it embraced about eight acres and was em- 
bellished by many fine monuments. In this cemetery are interred 
a number of pioneers, whose graves are marked by old stones of sim- 
ple construction, one bearing the date 1737. The inscriptions on others 
have become altogether illegible. Another fund has been started for 
the erection of a substantial stone gateway, which will still further 
beautify the grounds. 

The first centennial of the corporate establishment of the town was 
appropriately celebrated October 14th, 1880, when addresses were 
made upon the past, the present and the future of Cheshire, by E. R. 
Brown, Reverend Daniel March and others. By a vote of the town, 
January 2d, 1881, the proceedings were ordered to be published, but 
the measure failed of a successful realization. 

The judges in the probate district of Cheshire, which includes 



680 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Prospect, have been, in the order named : Silas Hitchcock, William 
L. Foote, Elihu Yale, Asa J. Driggs, William T. Peters, William L. 
Hinman, Edward A. Cornwall, William T. Peters, William A. Wright, 
George R. Johnson, Bela E. Hotchkiss, Benjamin A. Jarvis, Myron C. 
Doolittle and Alonzo E. Smith. 

Since the organization of the town the following were elected to 
the office of town clerk: 1780-9, James Beach; 1790-1, Elnathan Beach: 
1792-1830, Rufus Hitchcock: 1831-3, Edward A. Cornwall; 1834-9, 
William L. Foote; 1840-4, Edward A. Cornwall: 184."j-7, Charles Shel- 
ton; 1848-9, Silas Hitchcock; 1850-1, Edward A. Cornwall; 1852, Nehe- 
miah Banks; 1853-4, John D. Humi.ston; 1855, Benjamin H. Bradley; 
1856-66, William L. Hinman; 1867, Asa J. Driggs; 1868-70, Thomas E. 
Cornwall; 1871, William T. Peters; 1872, Edward A. Cornwall; 1873-4, 
William T. Peters; 1875-7, Edward A. Cornwall; 1876-82, Milton C. 
Doolittle; 1883-4, Howard T. Mo.ss; 1885-9, Milton C. Doolittle. 

The following is a list of those who took the oath of freemen from 
the civil organization of the town, in 1780 until 1800: Warren Benham, 
Jason Hotchkiss, Ichabod Tuttle, Isaiah Hall, David Rice, Rufus Lines, 
John Peck, Jr., Obed Doolittle, James Upson, Stephen Parker, Asa 
Hitchcock, Moses Tuttle, Charles C. Hall, William Clark, Amasa 
Lewis, Thomas L^mberfield, Rufus Hitchcock, Reuben Preston, Henry 
Brooks, Jr., Merriam Hotchkiss, Edmund Goodyear. Levi Parker, 
Alexander M. Kirgan, Joseph Ives, John Williams, John Beecher, 
Zachariah Ives, Benjamin Beecher, Henry Brooks, Samuel Clark, 
Elnathan Beach, Reuben Hotchkiss, Zenas Andrews, Simon Grannis, 
Abel Matthews, Jr., Samuel Tuttle, Urbi Benham, Barnabas Lewis, 
Ebenezer Tuttle, David Curtiss, Isaac B. Moss, Andrew Hull, Zealous 
Bristol, John Beach, Samuel Doolittle, Silas Doolittle, Asa Peck, Ly- 
man Hotchkiss, Nathaniel Brown, Jesse Atwater. George Hall, Josiah 
Talmage, Amasa Hitchcock, Jr., Elias Gaylord, Stephen Cook, Burrage 
Miles, Samuel Williams, Jesse Humiston, Reverend Reuben Ives, 
Asahel Moss, Edmund Tuttle, William Starks, Lyman Hall, Burrage 
Beach, Benjamin Doolittle, Jr., Emalach Moss, Josephus Hotchkiss, 
Amasa Andrews, Morrison Merriam, Jared Ives, Joel Moss, James 
Barnes, Samuel x\twater, Gideon Brooks, Israel Hotchkiss, Caleb Todd, 
Joseph Hitchcock, Samuel Andrew Law, Joel Johnson, William Clark, 
Jr., Ebenezer Hough, Jabez Parker, Joseph Twiss, Levi Peck, Jehiel 
Bunnell, Oliver Parker, Cornelius B. Cook, Benjamin Hoppen, Job 
Sperry, Brizilla Cook, E. Doolittle, Bildad Beach, Abner Newton, Ly- 
man Parker, Titus Ives, Eber Adkins, Asahel Chittenden, Jared Burr, 
Urbi Benham, Jr., Titus Atwater, Aaron Cook, Salmon Throw, Jesse 
Ford, Samuel Sperry, Roswell Smith, Jared Newton, David Hitch- 
cock, Jr., Nathan Ford Parks, Abijah Beach, Phineas Ives, John Bris- 
tol, [oshua Brooks, Moses Hotchkiss, Amos Harrison Ives, John 
Ford, Andrew Hull Tuttle, John Plymont, Thomas Parker, Ama.sa 
Doolittle, Amos Hall, Samuel Peck, Thomas Curtiss, Jesse Ives, James 
Niel, George Hull. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 681 

From the settlement of the town the ordinary mills have been 
carried on, but until recent decades manufacturing has been given a 
secondary place in the occupations of the inhabitants. Half a century 
ago the manufacture of oyster kegs was an active industry in the 
southwestern part of the town, where were from four to six shops, in 
which a number of coopers were employed. Amasa Preston thus 
acquired large means. The products were carried to Fair Haven by 
boats on the canal. Near that waterway Thomas and Julius Brooks 
had cooperages and on the old Cheshire turnpike Benajah Ives had 
another shop. '' 

Near the present hub works of Joel Moss, on Moss's Farms, nearly 
a century ago, Bethuel Flagg had carding, dressing and fulling works, 
and there made cloth of different kinds. He manufactured broadcloth 
of a fine quality, as well as that of a cheaper grade. Here were a grist 
mill and saw mill, as well as clothing works, and the place was at that 
time a flourishing settlement. About the same time, also, near the 
brass mill at Mixville, Amos Baldwin had fulling works, doing a busi- 
ness of 300 pounds a year. There also was a grist mill, and near by a 
tannery, where leather was manufactured quite extensively for those 
days. For many years a brisk business was done at the hub works by 
Joel and Lloyd Moss. 

"About seventy years ago Norton Beach had clothing works near 
the residence of Lauren Cook, which were afterward carried on by 
Enos Gaylord and Hiram Bradley. Large quantities of wool were 
consumed. The place has been vacated." 

In the northern portion of the town, a short distance north of the 
residence of Levi Doolittle, in about the year 1815, Button Beecher 
made fanning mills, some of which are yet in existence. Mr. Beecher 
afterward built a steamboat with a screw propeller — an invention of 
his own — and said to be the first of the kind ever built in this country. 
He worked on this about one year, and when finished the boat was 
taken from the saw mill in the western part of the town, where it was 
built, on wheels drawn by oxen, and carried over to the canal at 
Beachport, and with several notables on board, among whom were 
Governor Foot, Doctor Cornwall and Doctor Foot, a trial trip was made 
down the canal as far as Hamdeu. But the thing did not seem to be 
a success, the passengers being obliged to return to Cheshire on foot, 
and pronounced the whole .scheme a failure. New York parties, how- 
ever, took hold of the matter and the principle which Beecher's brain 
invented was, in the process of time, successfully utilized. 

" On Cheshire street Seth De Wolf manufactured tin ware exten- 
sively .sixty years ago, employing quite a number of hands and doing 
a prosperous business. There are those now living who remember of 
seeing thirteen tin peddlers' wagons loaded with tin ware from his 
manufactory, all starting out at the same time for a trip West and 
South. Several of these persons afterward became permanent settlers 
in the South." 



682 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In the same locality Nathan Booth and others made threshing- ma- 
chines, and subsequently wagon wheels were manufactured in that 
shop, which stood near the old Hull mill. That building, after stand- 
ing idle for some time, was occupied, in 1848, by Sherman Blakeslee 
and Bennet Jeralds, as millers and manufacturers of Britannia spoons, 
in which industry Blakeslee was a pioneer, having begun in 1839. 
This property was sold by Blakeslee to Walter Webb & Co., of South 
Meriden, for its water power privilege. 

In the early part of the present century John Kensett painted pic- 
tures and manufactured maps in a shop which stood nearly opposite 
the residence of H. T. Holcomb. Mr. Kensett afterward became a 
very celebrated painter. For a time Kensett and Doctor Shelton had 
a shop in which pictures were made on a large scale, a number of young 
women being employed as assistants under the direction of Mr. Ken- 
sett. The art of printing in colors destroyed that industry. 

Henry Merriman was a builder of the old time upright clocks, 
many of them being attractive as well as large, reaching from floor to 
ceiling, and they were much prized. 

The Cheshire Manufacturing Company is the oldest and most suc- 
cessful corporation in the town. It was chartered May 17th, 1850, and 
has since that time maintained its business at West Cheshire station 
of the Northampton railroad. Charles Hurd, a practical mechanic, 
Arad Welton and Titus B. Ives were some of the principal originators 
of the enterprise. The latter is the only original stockholder surviv- 
ing in the town. James Tulley and Ralph Guilford were among the 
early employees whose skill contributed to the success of the com- 
pany. Arad Welton, a conscientious but shrewd business man, was 
the first president of the company, and also acted as superintendent. 
Under his management a large surplus was accumulated, in addition 
to the handsome dividends paid, amounting in war times to 8(j per 
cent. He held the former position until his death, in 1870. N. T. 
Porter, of New York, succeeded him, and since 1882 Thomas Porter, 
of the same city, has been the president. The other officers of the 
company are: Titus B. Ives, treasurer and .superintendent; and F. A. 
Ives, secretary. At this time the capital stock is $43,000. The en- 
larged buildings of the company present a main structure 30 by 150 
feet, three stories high. Fifty hands find occupation in the man- 
ufacture of fancy metal and covered buttons and brass stamped goods, 
which are sold by Porter Brothers, of New York, who are also supply 
agents of this cind 

The Cheshire Brass Companv. which was incorporated in Septem- 
ber, 1866, by the stockholders of the former company, with a capital 
of $40,000. A fine manufacturing site, on the Ten IMile river, at the 
lower part of Mixville, was secured, which was improved to meet the 
wants of the company. The buildings are of wood and the motor is 
water power. R. N. Welton is the superintendent of the twenty hands 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 683 

employed, who manufacture annually a quarter of a million pounds of 
brass sheet and drawn brass wire goods. 

At this place and on the same .stream were also the works of the 
John Mix Manufacturing Company, which was incorporated April 7th, 
1853. The head of the company, John Mix, was one of the pioneer 
manufacturers of the town. Some time about 1830 Edward A. Corn- 
wall had a small .shop, supplied with water power from the canal, below 
the second lock, in which were manufactured coffee mills. After a 
few years John Mix leased the shop and began making Britannia 
spoons in a small way, increasing his output as the years went by until 
thirty hands were employed. Titus Mix, a brother, came from Mid- 
dletown, and associated himself with the former in the old business, 
and the manufacture of gimlets and auger bits was also taken up. 
This continued until the abandonment of the canal destroyed the 
power in 1846, when the latter went to Prospect and John Mix to the 
place on Ten Mile river, which afterward became Mixville. The power 
there had been improved to operate a small grist mill, but he increased 
it and built new shops in which he manufactured bits and gimlets, 
forming the stock company in 1853. This company was succeeded by 
Walter Mix and William Bailey, and they, in turn, by Peck, Stow & 
Wilcox, who transferred the manufacture of these articles to South- 
ington, and the shops at Mixville were left idle. 

At West Cheshire, Samuel Hitchcock and others, as the Hitchcock 
Manufacturing Company, incorporated October 12th, 1858, began the 
manufacture of suspenders and web goods, soon having a flourishing 
business. A fine, four-story frame factory was erected and occupied 
until March, 1857, when the interest was sold to the Waterbury Su.s- 
pender Company, and work in Cheshire was soon after discontinued. 
The shop after being unused some time, was occupied as a branch 
factory of the Danbury Hat Company. In 1868 Samuel Hitchcock 
and others occupied it as the American Braid Company, which con- 
tinued operations several years. Later vegetable ivory buttons were 
there made, which interest was soon given up. Since 1887 James 
Harry has occupied the building in the manufacture of light carriage 
wood work, employing steam power and giving work to a small num- 
ber of men. 

The Cheshire Hardware Manufacturing Company was incorpor- 
ated March 2d, 1870, for the manufacture of axes, hatchets and other 
edge tools. Howard C. Ives was the president of the company and 
the moving spirit of the concern. Charles Rugg, a toolmaker of 
repute, was the superintendent, and as his name was .stamped upon 
the tools, the concern was frequently called the " Rugg Company." 
Shops were erected at West Cheshire, where more than 50 men found 
profitable employment until part of the buildings were burned down. 
With enlarged buildings and increased capital operations were again 
re.sumed and continued some time, when E. P. Dunham and others 



684 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

became the lessees of the shops. Later they were occupied by Peck, 
Stow & Wilcox, who successfully operated several years, when they 
were again, in IISS/J, partially destroyed by fire, throwing a large num- 
ber of men out of work. Many of these followed the transfer of the 
works toSouthington.and the remaining Cheshire shops were vacated 
and became the property of Doctor E. T. Cornwall. 

Since 1888 the above buildings have been the factor}' of the D. A. 
A. Buck Company, which was organized in September of that year, 
with D. A. A. Buck, president; E. T. Cornwall, secretary and trea.s- 
urer; and since January, 1889, H. H. Rice has been associated with the 
company as a member. The capital stock is$15,0(M), and the company 
has become well established in the manufacture of toy and novelty 
specialties, many of them being the inventions of Mr. Buck. They 
give employment to more than fifty persons. The success at Cheshire 
encouraged, in the fall of 1889, the organization of the New Haven 
Novelty Company, as an offspring of this enterprise, for the purpose 
of manufacturing in that city a similar line of goods. 

In the village of Cheshire George J. Capewell had a factory for 
several years, about 1880, for the manufacture of specialties in hard- 
ware, and produced several patents which increased his fame and for- 
tune as an inventor. In 1883 he was instrumental in the organization 
of the Cheshire Watch Company, which was incorporated November 
16th of that year, with a capital of $100,000. Of this amount $50,000 
was paid to Arthur Hitchcock for his patented watch, whose move- 
ments were supposed to be especially advantageous, on account of 
their simplicity, but which unfortunately did not stand the test of 
time, and the company in consequence was soon seriously embar- 
rassed. The officers elected were: George J. Capewell, president ; E. 
R. Brown, secretary and treasurer; and D. A. A. Buck, superintendent. 
A fine factory site in the village of Cheshire was secured, upon which 
were erected brick buildings, which are reputed the best of the kind 
in the state. The main structure is two stories, and with the high, 
well lighted one-story wings, forms a structure about 30 by 200 feet, 
which is practically fire proof. In a separate building is the powerful 
steam motor which operates the fine machinery with which the fac- 
tory is supplied. 

Since its organization the capital of the company has been in- 
creased and practically a new pattern watch has been adopted as the 
standard of manufacture. This was winning favor as a time keeper 
in 1889, at which period George J. Capewell was president of the 
company, and W. A. Kiley secretary and treasurer. From 60 to 100 
workmen were employed. 

The Cheshire Clock Company was incorporated November 28th, 
1884, with a capital of $25,000. Arthur Hitchcock was one of the 
leading pnmioters of this enterprise, which was destined to have a 
short and discouraging existence. A fine site for the factorv was 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 685 

secured near the watch factory, upon which a long, two-storj- frame 
building was erected, in which the manufacture of a good, low priced 
clock was begun: but before it could secure a place in the markets of 
the country, financial difficulties caused a suspension of operations, 
and much of the machinery has been removed. On the 12th of March, 
1888, the heavy winds prevailing at that time wrecked a part of the 
building, w'hich has since been vacant. 

The Extension Water Guage Company, incorporated September 
15th, 1880, and a few other manufacturing projects, failed of organi- 
zation, to the extent of being able to operate successfully, and their 
privileges were relinquished. 

The early settlers of old Wallingford were impressed with the 
belief that their numerous hills abounded with mineral wealth; and 
the evidences of the existence of the precious metals were ei;pecially 
abundant in what is now the southeastern part of Cheshire. Here 
fine specimens of copper appeared on the surface, which led to the 
discovery and opening of a mine, .some time about 1710. Near the 
same time another copper mine was opened at vSimsbur3^ and in 1712 
the legislature of Connecticut enacted laws for the benefit and en- 
couragement of the owners of these two mines. At the latter place 
operations were carried on until the vein of copper was exhausted, 
and in the excavation thus formed was afterward constructed the cele- 
brated Newgate prison, which is said to have been of more practical 
benefit to the state than all the copper mined. The mine in Chesh- 
ire "was supposed to be the richest, but the miners were prevented 
from digging there on account of the great quantities of water which, 
after they had proceeded some depth, constantly flowed in upon 
them."* 

So promising were the mines considered that the original proprie- 
tors of the lands in Wallingford petitioned the legislature for an in- 
terest in the same, which was granted in May, 1712, when it was 
enacted that the heirs of the original proprietors should have an equal 
share in the mine already worked, and in all other mines which should 
be discovered on said lands. In October, 1718, the legislature ap- 
pointed three commissioners for the mining company, one of whom 
was Captain John Hall, to serve two years; and at the end of that 
period another board of commissioners took charge of the affairs, with 
power to close up the concern if found necessary. About this time it 
appears that the mine was worked to a considerable extent, for in 
October, 1722, Matthew Bellamy petitioned the legislature for privi- 
lege to keep an inn at his house, "very near the place where the min- 
ers are at work, where there is many of them and especyally will be 
many now," who would find it difficult to secure entertainment except 
through the petitioner. It is probable that the commis.sioners soon 
after availed themselves of the privileges of their appointment, and 

* Davis, p. 47. 



686 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

decreed that work should be discontinued, and so far as is known 
neither the miners nor the company obtained an}' great benefit from 
these operations. Associated with these mines are traditions, which 
appear to lack foundation, that gold in considerablequantities was also 
found, which these foreign miners appropriated to themselves; and 
that a ship the owners had laden with copper ore to be sent to Eng- 
land to be smelted was lost at sea. These discouraging circum- 
stances, it is said, had much to do with the abandonment of the mines. 

In 17)16-7 a new company was formed to work these mines, on the 
land of Timothy Roys, on "Milking Yard hill." Benjamin Roys acted 
as clerk of the proprietors, and from his accounts it appears that they 
expended £S6 4s. 2d. in their operations, from November, 1736, until 
February, 1737. In April of the latter year nine persons as.sociated 
themselves formall)' as the company, and called the mine the "Golden 
Parlour." They released Arthur Rexford from his contract to sink 
new shafts, but in July, 1737, they secured George Bell to sink twelve 
feet in the "deeper shaft, nearest to Doctor Hough's." The company's 
expenditures up to this date amounted to .{^132 13s. Id. It is probable 
that the "Golden Parlour Mining Company" was no more successful 
in securing the hidden wealth than had been its predecessors, for one 
of the last minutes of the doings of the company pertained to an 
a.ssessment of the stockholders to liquidate expenses. It is likely that 
work was suspended soon after 1737, and that the company found 
neither gold nor enough copper to encourage it to continue. In the 
course of j'ears the mine holes or shafts became filled up, and some of 
them, while showing traces of their existence, have since remained 
undisturbed. But in 1854 A. Bellamy, a descendant of the old Mat- 
thew Bellamy family, reopened one of the shafts on " Alilking Yard 
hill" (now (xaylord hill) with the expectation of finding copper. Re- 
moving the earth, upon which large trees had grown, he found, at the 
depth of 80 feet, miners' tools and other evidences to show that it 
might not have been the intention to abandon the mine permanently. 
But after some effort he, too, relinquished the work without being re- 
paid for his trouble. 

About a mile north from this place is a locality which has been 
named " Copper Valley " by one of its citizens, George R.Johnson, 
who is a member of a family which has resided in that part of the 
town more than a century of years. Here the first improvements 
were made by the Parker, Bristol and Atwater families. One of the 
Parkers had a pioneer saw mill on a branch of the Broad brook, which 
rises in that section, and whose waters, it is claimed, were used to 
wash copper ore, mined in a small way, more than a century ago, and 
since that time. From the many Indian relics here found it is sup- 
posed that the Aborigines much frequented this place, probably to 
obtain the copper so readily found on the surface in many places. 
These indications caused many points to be prospected, and in several 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 687 

mines considerable work was done, never, however, with profitable re- 
sults. The operations of the New York Copper Mining Company, of 
which William King was the superintendent, in more recent years, 
employed modern machinery and aroused expectations, which, how- 
ever, were short lived, as it soon became apparent that the veins were 
not large or rich enough to pay for developing them, and work was 
suspended inside of a year. 

The mining of barytes in Cheshire was attended with more profit- 
able results. Large deposits of this once valuable mineral were found 
in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the town, whose de- 
velopment at one time gave employment to hundreds of men, and in 
the course of operations brought nearly two millions of dollars into 
the town as wages. The Stamford Company alone, in the month of 
October, 1866, paid out $22,000 as wages to its workmen. 

One of the richest deposits of barytes was found by Professor Silli- 
man on the farm of Amos Bristol. This vvas mined about 1840, and 
later by N. H. Gaston; Joel Hunt and others, the output at first being 
small. In 1855 the Bristol mine was sold to the Stamford Mining & 
Manufacturing Company, which operated so extensively soon after 
the civil war that from sixty to seventy tons per day were shipped, 
and the products found a ready sale The affairs of the company in 
the town were managed by James Lanyon, an English miner, who 
came to Cheshire in 1844, as.sisted by his brothers, Joseph M. and 
Henry."' .Several hundred Cornish miners were employed by the 
Stamford Company, and half a dozen shafts were sunk, the deepest 
being 600 feet. For some time the barytes sold at $60 per ton, but 
declined to $10 per ton. This fact and the increased cost of mining, 
after the main veins were worked, forced the company to discontinue 
work in that section. The mineral had been drawn to Barytes station, 
on the Northampton railroad, distant two miles, to which place sup- 
plies were also brought for use at Jennie's hill,f which presented a 
most busy scene until about 1875. 

In the meantime Captain Peck and others had developed the barytes 
deposits northwest of the village of Cheshire, to which place the Stam- 
ford Company, under the direction of James Lanyon, now transferred 
its operations. Here the mineral was found at|a less depth, which per- 
mitted cheaper mining, several years. Four shafts were sunk, one 
being 300 feet deep, and quite a quantity of mineral was mined and 
loaded on the railroad, close at hand. Not much work was done at 
these mines after 1878, and after a few years more most of the miners 
removed, and what had once been the principal interest in the town 
was altogether suspended. 

Cheshire Village is on a high ridge of land, a little south and west 
of the central part of the town, and is sometimes called Cheshire Cen- 

*See sketch of life of James Lanyon in succeeding pages. 

+Named for an old colored woman who formerly lived in that locality. 



gt^g HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ter On either hand, east or west, the ground slopes gradually from 
Main street, which is elevated so as to overlook the greater part of the 
town which appears bordered bv West mountain, a rocky ledge, on 
the east, and the " Sleeping Giant " on the south. In the north the 
Hangino- hills of Meriden may be plainly seen. The immediate en- 
vironme'nts, consisting of orchards and fields, dotted with pleasant 
homes aid to make this one of the most attractive villages m the 
state The principal streets are well kept, and along some of them 
substantial walks have been built. Rows of stately elms line the main 
and other streets, and a neat green square, near the center, adds to 
the beauty of the scene. On the latter stands one of the finest soldiers 
monuments in the United States, erected to the memory of the de- 
fenders of the Union. A systematic planting of elm trees was begun 
about 18r)0 under the direction of the Reverend D. S. Rodman, and 
since that time the village has been greatly beautified by that mean.s. 
Cheshire village contains Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist and 
Catholic churches, a flourishing Episcopal academy, a good town 
hall a fine and commodious public house, several large factories and 
numerous attractive residences. Within its limits are .several good 
specimens of the quaint architecture of the last century, but others of 
the old-time buildings have been modernized. The inhabitants are 
intellio-ent and thriftv, and number nearly one thousand. Here have 
lived s'ome of the prominent families of the town, which have been 
those of Allen, Beach, Brooks, Bronson, Bristol, Baldwin, Cornwall, 
Doolittle Driggs, Foote, Fields, Hull. Hall, Hinman, Hitchcock, Ives, 
Jarvis, Law, Paddock, Street, Stevens, Shelton, Welton, Yale and 

others. ^„ , . 

Amono- those who discharged the duties of postmaster at Cheshire 
was Ama'a Hitchcock, at his house north of the central part of the 
villao-e At another period Elihu Yale was the postmaster, keeping it 
in the southern part of the village. Alfred S. Baldwin was a later 
official In 1862 E. R. Brown became the postmaster and continued 
until he was succeeded by Edward C. Andrews November 23d, 1885, 
who fir.st fitted up the post office at Cheshire on an enlarged scale. He 
supplied furniture having 2(H) call and 14 lock boxes, and was instru- 
mental in having the number of mails increased from three to five per 
day Since 1878, Cheshire has been a postal money order office. 

For more than a hundred years stores have been kept in the vil- 
lage ■ and some of the merchants of a more recent period have been 
Messrs. Upson, Allen, Hitchcock, Foot, Smith, E. R. Brown and George 
Keeler several continuing in trade many years. 

West Cheshire is a plea.santly located village on the Northampton 
railroad a little more than fifteen miles from New Haven and about 
one mile west from Cheshire Center. It contains a hotel, several 
stores, .shops and factories, a school house and about thirty other 
buildings. It first became a business point when the canal was com- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 689 

pleted, in 1827, and for many years was known as Beachport. This 
name was given in compliment to Richard Beach, who owned a ware- 
house on the canal and was there engag-ed in business. The building 
he ocQupied was a low frame, projecting over the canal basin, and thus 
permitted the boats to load and unload inside the building. Before 
the building of the railroad in the Naugatuck valley, the shipping 
from this point was heavy, as large quantities of the freight for that 
section were here delivered and thence transported by trains. Richard 
Beach also had a store and in other ways was active in business. Be- 
coming embarrassed financially, warehousing was given up by Beach, 
and the store was kept by Edward A. Cornwall and Clement Peck. 

In the period of the canal— 1827 to 1846— several boats, owned by 
Cheshire parties, plied on that waterway. James V. Field had one 
for carrying barytes and Nathaniel Newell, running from Beachport, 
carried general freight. The last boat running from the latter place 
was in charge of W. H. Newell, and was built solely for freight pur- 
poses. Very few of the canal boats were supplied with cabins. When 
the Northampton railroad was built it followed, in a general way, the 
course of the canal, in many places u-sing the towpath, hence, from 
those circumstances, it was long known as the " Canal railroad." 
Cheshire station was established on the site of Beachport, and the 
growth of the village then began. Up to this time there were but 
few residences in the locality, the principal ones being those occupied 
by the Welton, Thompson and Field families. W. H. Newell was one 
of the early station agents and was also the postmaster of the West 
Cheshire office, since the establishment of which the village has prop- 
erly had its present name. Warren Doolittle was an earlier postmas- 
ter. Howard C. Ives, E. P. Dunham and Miss Sarah Ellis have been 
later officials, the latter in 1889. 

In the southwestern part of the town is the hamlet of Brooksvale, 
consisting of a few hou,ses and the post office, of which Miss Ella 
Brooks is the mistress. In the administration of President Cleveland 
the office was removed to the house of Robert Cook and kept as the 
South Cheshire office, but it has lately been re-established with the 
original name and is again kept in its old locality. Here are also 
small saw, grist and cider mills: and on Roaring brook are attractive 
waterfalls with fine surroundings, which have become a pleasant 
resort. 

Mixville is a hamlet in the western part of the town, on the Ten 
Mile river, and was begun by the Mix brothers. Here are .shops, a 
dozen residences, a fine school hou.se and a chapel for religious meet- 
ings. The post office is West Cheshire, two miles distant. 

In the northeastern part of the town, in the bend of the (Juinnip- 

iac river, is the hamlet of Cheshire Street, containing a chapel erected 

by the Adventists, small mechanic shops, a store and a cluster of farm 

residences. Ever since the settlement of the town that locality has 

43 



690 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

been a point of local interest, the neighboring farmers being among 
the leading citizens of Cheshire ; but its location near Meriden has 
prevented its becoming much of a business place. There is a fine iron 
bridge across the river, built about ten years ago at a cost of $1,600. 

South of the river is the Broad Brook neighborhood ; and still fur- 
ther south Johnson's Grove, on a hill 150 feet high, both being old 
localities. In the northwestern part are the Moss Farms and the 
Barnes neighborhood, which are also landmarks of note. 

Besides the Northampton railroad running through the town, north 
and south, the Meriden & Waterbury railroad passes diagonally 
through the northwestern part of the town, having several flag sta- 
tions where it crosses the principal highways. 

Temple Lodge, No. 16, F. & A. M., so far as now known, was the 
first Lodge of a secret order established in Cheshire. It was insti- 
tuted November 11th, 1790, at the house of Timothy Canfield, which 
was probably at the Center, its exact location being somewhat obscured 
by the lapse of so many years and the loss of early records. In Feb- 
ruary, 1791, the Lodge moved into a room fitted up for it in the tavern 
of Jonathan Hall, which stood on the site of the present residence of 
Doctor E. T. Cornwall. Next its place of meeting was over the store 
of Colonel Rufus Hitchcock, north of the church green. A still later 
home was found in one of the chambers of the public house of Abijah 
Beach, south of the green, where the Lodge surrendered its charter 
in 1838. This move was occasioned by the feeling against the order, 
consequent upon the disappearance of Morgan. The jewels were 
placed in the keeping of the Grand Lodge, and other property was 
taken in charge by Tyler Ebenezer Atwater. After the lapse of 25 
years Temple Lodge was revived, through the efforts of Doctor Will- 
iam C. Williams and others, and some of the old property was re- 
.stored, including the first Bible used, which is now in the possession 
of the Lodge. 

After the restoration of the charter, in March, 1863, the Lodge be- 
gan holding its meetings in the hall of John A. Hitchcock (E. R. 
Brown's in 1889), and there continued until February 29th, 1872, when 
the present hall, in the building of H. C. Ives, at West Cheshire, was 
dedicated for its uses. 

The Masons have always had among their numbers some of the 
leading citizens of the town — men who were active in its affairs and 
progressive in those matters which had a tendency to advance the 
welfare of the community. The first master, in 1790, was David Bad- 
ger, an exemplary member of the Epi.scopal church, living at the Cen- 
ter. The senior warden was Abraham Ives, also an Episcopalian, by 
occupation a farmer, living in the n^)rthern part of the town. Tlie 
junior warden was a number of years a member of the same church. 
He was Moses Moss, of the Moss Farms, occupying the hou.se now 
owned by L. D. Moss. The first secretary was Timothy Canfield. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 691 

The other charter members were: Justice Bellamy, Samuel Clark, John 
Martin, Ebenezer Tuttle and James Benham. The latter was the first 
tyler. 

Up to 1816 the Lodge had many additions to its membership from 
the leading families of this and adjoining towns, but after that year 
the accessions were less frequent, and six years later there was a de- 
cline of interest, from which the Lodge had not recovered when 
it yielded to the wave of anti-Masonry which swept so forcibly 
over the country that only a few of the strongest Lodges were able to 
withstand its shock. When it was discontinued, in 1838, 175 persons 
had been enrolled as members. Since the resumption of the meet- 
ings, in 1863, there have been about two hundred members, and, in 
December, 1889, there were 95 members on the rolls of the Lodge. 

A list of members who have served as masters of the Lodge in- 
cludes the names of David Badger, in 1790; Samuel Bellamy, in 1792; 
Doctor Elnathan Beach, in 1794; Selden vSpencer, in 1796, eight years; 
Levi Douglass, in 1804; John Plymate, in 1805; Stephen Jarvis, Doctor 
Charles Shelton, James Beach and Charles A. .Stanley. Noah Hotch- 
kiss was one of the early acting masters. 

Of the revived Lodge Doctor William C. Williams was the first 
master, filling the chair several years. The successive masters since 
1865 have been: George A. Brooks, Edwin R. Lawton, William Butler, 
Martin Catran, J. W. Mix (late grand master of the State Lodge), 
Franklin P. Bates, Henry C. Higgins, Noah B. Welton, Charles B. 
Fervell, Fred. Doolittle and Henry E. Fervell. 

L. A. Thomas Lodge, No. 9, L O. O. F., was instituted at Cheshire 
village, July 23d, 1888, with 17 charter members, six having previously 
been connected with Hancock Lodge, of South Meriden, and eleven 
with the Plantsville Lodge. There were 24 initiates at the first meet- 
ing, and the principal officers elected were: William Fahl, N. G.; W. 
C. Daly, V. G.; George W. Keeler, S.; E. T. Cornwall, T. In 1889 
Jesse Peck was the noble grand and George W. Keeler continued as 
secretary. Through his efforts, largely, the Lodge was established 
and has maintained itself so prosperously, having in December, 1889, 
63 members. A fine Lodge room had been fitted up in the Center 
school house, at a cost of $500, and there was an accumulated fund of 
more than $700. This property was held in trust by A. S. Bennett, 
Emil Stineman and Augustus Hitchcock. 

Edward A. Doolittle Post, No.5,G. A. R., was mustered Aprill6th, 
1881, with 24 members, but few of whom had previously been con- 
nected with a Grand Army Post. Franklin A. Hotchkiss was chosen 
the first commander, and Arthur E. Hotchkiss the adjutant. About 
40 persons have been connected with the Post as members, the num- 
ber belonging in 1889 being 39; and the principal officers were: Com- 
mander, Alonzo E. Smith; vice-commander, Timothy Guilford; adju- 



692 HISTORY OV NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

tant, Edward Atwater. Pleasant quarters have been provided at 
Brown's Hall, at the Center. 

Meeting at the same place and closely connected with the above is 
Admiral Foote Camp, No. 34, Sons of Veterans, which was instituted 
in August, 1888, with 16 members. Half a dozen more persons have 
since joined the Camp. The first board of officers was composed of : 
Captain, C. C. Lord; first lieutenant, William Andrews; second lieuten- 
ant, William vSmith; adjutant, Whitney vSmith. 

A number of temperance organizations have been maintained in 
the town, doing effectual work for a space of time, then going down 
for want of active support and new membership. Among these have 
been Cheshire Lodge, No. 2, L O. G. T., from September 20th, 1862, 
until May, 1879; Equality Lodge, No. 132, L O. G. T., instituted in 
1870 and continued for a few years; Crystal Spring Division, No. 28, 
Sons of Temperance, instituted January 28th. 1885, still continues its 
meetings, but with abated interest. 

The Cheshire Farmers' Club was organized January 20th, 1879, with 
C. S. Gillette, president; Edward A. Atwater, secretary and treasurer. 
About loO persons have belonged as members, and have derived sub- 
stantial benefit from the relation. In October of each year exhibi- 
tions of farm and orchard products are held in the E. P. Atwater lot; 
and spring sales of stock are held near the town hall, each occasion 
bringing together large crowds of interested spectators. In the winter 
lectures and social gatherings of an educational nature are main- 
tained. The last board of officers consisted of : J. D. Walter, presi- 
dent; Jesse N. Humiston and Daritis Stebbins, vice-presidents; Fred. 
Doolittle, secretary and treasurer. 

Cheshire Grange, No. 23, P. of H., was organized in January, 1885, 
at the residence of E. P. Atwater, north of the village, where its meet- 
ings have since been maintained. C. C. Lord was the first master and 
served two years, being succeeded by the present master, E. P. At- 
water, and J. N. Barnes, who also served two terms. E. P. Atwater 
has been the sole treasurer and one of the most active in promoting 
the cause of the order. The Grange has greatly prospered, its mem- 
bership increasing from a few persons to more than 200 in 1889, many 
of them being active workers. 

The .Soldiers' Monument is a handsome tribute to the valor and 
patriotism of the fallen heroes of the town, in the war for the Union, 
and occupies a prominent place on the village green, in front of the 
Congregational meeting house, where it is enclosed with a substantial 
iron fence. The purpose to build such a monument was formed in 
the summer of 1865, when the town tendered a reception to the 
returned volunteers of the Cheshire Company of the 20th Connecticut 
Regiment. On that occasion it was resolved that " a monument should 
be erected to the memory of those citizens of Cheshire who had lost 
their lives in defense of their country." Substantial encouragement 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 693 

to this laudable project was at once given by a native of the town, 
George A. Jarvis, of Brookl3'n, N. Y., who offered to donate $1,000 to 
further this end, if a similar amount would otherwise be raised. This 
was done by a Monument Association, composed of many citizens of 
the town, which raised $1,300 more. A design furnished by Robert 
W. Wright was selected for a monument, which was con.structed of 
Plymouth (Connecticut) granite, and consists of a large square base, 
semi-base, die and shaft of rectangular shape, the whole presenting a 
plain but not unattractive pile, more than twenty feet high. On 
one of the faces of the semi-base is cut in large letters the name of the 
martyr president, Lincoln ; and on the reverse side appears the name 
of the honored Admiral Foote, who was reared in this town. The 
dedication of the monument is on the west side of the die : 

Erected 1866 

to perpetu.^te the 

Memory 

of those who 

Lost Their Lives 

in the war of 

The Rebellion. 

On the south face of the die are inscribed the names following: 
Lieut. Edward A. Doolittle. 
Corp. Titus Moss. 
Corp. John A. Peters. 
Corp. Thomas Simons. 
Reuben Benham. 
Lambert H. Benham. 
William Burke. 
James R. Baker. 
William Beadle. 
Willis Bunnell. 
Edward B. Dolph. 
John Lynch. 
William Wooding. 

On the east side are the names of : 

Edward Barker. 
Bernard Reynolds. 
George A. Barton. 
Fred. E. Hoadley. 
Julius H. Hotchkiss. 
George W. Ingham. 
Henry B. Munson. 
Charles Mulvey. 
Franklin Moss. 
Alex. Mercer. 
John McLaughlin. 
George W. Mitchell. 
Horace P. Rice. 
Benjamin Y. Beach. 
Nelson Beach. 



694 HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

And on the north side appear these inscriptions : 

George Bristol. 
James Tucker. 
John L. Preston. 
Michael Reynolds. 
Albert F. Russell. 
Henry S. Stevens. 
Oliver T. Smith. 
Augustus Talmage. 
William Uhl. 
Edgar Upson. 
Patrick Welsh. 
Charles Beecher. 
Jared Bradley. 
Amasa L. Doolittle. 

This is one of the first soldiers' monuments in the Union, erected 
in memory of its defenders in the rebellion, and its dedication July 
4th, 1866, was made the occasion of most impressive ceremonies. On 
the morning of that day a large concourse of people assembled in the 
village, animated by the dual purpose to celebrate the nation's inde- 
pendence and to pay homage to the men whose memory the monu- 
ment commemorates. (). T. Doolittle served as chief marshal ; Ed- 
ward A. Cornwall, Esq., was the president of the day; and the vice- 
presidents were : George A. Jarvis, Reverend E. Bull, Reverend O. P. 
Holcomb, Reverend S. J. Horton, Reverend Cyrus Pickett, Reverend 
J. H. Ward, Doctor W. T. Peters, Warren Doolittle, A. W. Welton, 
Nathan Booth, Joel Hinman, Seth Calhoun, Bradley Miles, William x\. 
Brown, Henry Hotchkiss, A. S. Baldwin, Benjamin A. Jarvis, Mark 
Bishop, Benajah Ives, Elam Cook, Lloyd Moss, James Lanyon, George 
Bristol, Burritt Bradley and Edward vStevens. The Reverend Edward 
Bull was the chaplain of the day. The orator was Colonel William B. 
Wooster, the former colonel of the 20th Regiment, who paid a glow- 
ing tribute to the men who had been under his command, and whose 
bravery was attested by courageous action on more than a score of 
battlefields, some of them the most hardly-contested in the war. A 
fine eulogy on the life of Admiral Andrew H. Foote was delivered by 
Profe,s.sor Hoppin, of Yale College, which was supplemented by the 
narration of some interesting reminiscences by a brother of the be- 
loved townsman, Hon. John A. Foote, of Cleveland, Ohio. Other 
exercises and diversions made it an occasion that will long be remem- 
bered as one of the most stirring and patriotic that has ever taken 
place in the town, impressing those present with the truth of General 
Sherman's maxim, that " Next to noble deeds, is the merit of com- 
memorating them." 

The parish of New Cheshire was active in establishing schools, and 
two houses were built as early as 1728. The schools were under the 
control of the ecclesiastical society until the town was organized. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 695 

Under its corporate privileges a school tax of two farthings on the 
pound was levied in 1782, and the following appointed the school com- 
mittee: David Badger, Jared Hull, Asa Blakeslee, Jonathan Wain- 
■wright, Jonah Hotchkiss, Oliver Bradley, .Samuel Atwater, Jr., Abner 
Bunnell, Jr., Amos Atwater, Robert Rice, Enos Tyler, Jeremiah 
Brooks, Nicholas Russell, David Hotchkiss, Jonas Hill, Asa Wilmot, 
each to serve in his respective neighborhood. It does not appear that 
the bounds of these districts were clearly defined until 1794, when 
they were described and placed in charge of these committeemen: No. 

1, Asahel Hitchcock; No. 2, Amasa Lewis; No. 3, Bela Andrews; No. 
4, Lucius Tuttle; No. 5, Ephraim Hitchcock; No. 6, Reuben Roys; 
No. 7, Amasa Clark; No. 8, Andrew Hull, Jr.; No. 9, Jonathan Hall, 
Jr.; Nos. 10 and 11, Josiah Talmage: No. 12, John Williams; No. 13, 
Dimon Barnes. 

After the lapse of nearly a hundred years the number of districts 
remained substantially the same, there being twelve in all, in 1889, 
having as district committeemen: No. 1, Reverend S. J. Horton; No. 

2, Benjamin H. Peck; No. 3, Charles S. Gillette; No. 4, Edward A. 
Thompson; No. 5, Julius Moss; No. 6, Frederick W. Doolittle; No. 7, 
Henry W. Scott; No. 8, Franklin N. Hall; No. 9, Harrison A. Ives; 
No. 10, J. W. Moss; No. 11, Rienzi H. Stone; No. 12, C. R. Bannihr. 
The schools were maintained at an expense of $4,014.42, and 391 pupils 
were entitled to their privileges. Of the amount expended more than 
$3,000 was raised by a direct town tax. The tuition of each pupil in 
attendance cost about $12.75 per year. Teachers' salary $30 and $45 
per month, but two males being employed. George R. Johnson, 
Charles T. Hotchkiss and Theodore A. Cook have been among the 
recent acting school visitors. 

Many of the school buildings are old, and should be replaced by 
new ones. The house at Mixville is of more recent construction, and 
has a modern appearance. 

Several select .schools of character have been maintained in the 
town. In the house built by the Reverend Whiting, near the Congre- 
gational meeting house, the Reverend Edward Bull lived many years 
after 1836, and fitted young men for college. 

In 1861 Miss Harriet E. Calhoun opened a .school for young ladies, 
in the old Parson Foote mansion, which she has since successfully 
maintained. The attendance averages twenty pupils per ses.sion, and 
instruction is imparted in the English, the French and mathematical 
studies. 

The Episcopal Academy of Connecticut is located at Cheshire 
village. After the war of the revolution a strong prejudice was 
manifested against the Episcopal church, as its members were sup- 
posed to have been in sympathy with the royalists; and there was, 
in consequence, no little intolerance of its adherents and those who 
held their views. In some instances they were prevented and denied 



696 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

the rights to which they were entitled by their citizenship. Unfortu- 
nately this illiberal policy also prevailed at Yale, to the detriment of 
churchmen, to such an extent that the clergy of the diocese of Con- 
necticut were constrained to establish a college of their own, in 
which their religion should not only be tolerated, but should be en- 
couraged in its proper expression. In view of all the circumstances 
opposed to the inception of such an enterprise, it was a bold under- 
taking and one which could only have been inspired by their strong 
faith in their purposes and a devotion to their church. The move- 
ment which led to this project may have been brought about by the 
consecration of Doctor Seabury to the Episcopate, as he most keenly 
urged upon his brethren the need of such an institution. Accordingly, 
it was made a matter for the action of the diocese at its convention, 
February 15th, 1792, when it was voted " that the several clergy make 
inquiry of their neighboring towns and see what can be done toward 
erectmg an Episcopal Academy, and report at the next Convention." 
By 1794 the plan for such a school was fully developed and an ad- 
dress was prepared, pointing out the importance of establishing an 
academy and soliciting subscriptions for it. Wallingford, Stratford 
and Cheshire responded so favorably that the convention was encour- 
aged at its meeting, held at Stratford, Tune 8d, 1795, to decide to found 
such an institution. Proposals from the three towns were now so- 
licited, and in July, 1795, the committee appointed for that purpose 
met at the house of Major Bellamy, in Hamden, and decided that the 
academy should be located at Cheshire. At the .same convention the 
Reverend John Bowden, the Reverend Ashbel Baldon and S. W. 
Johnson, Esq., were appointed to provide for the temporary govern- 
ment of the academy, and to adopt a constitution for its future regu- 
lation, to be acted upon at the next meeting of the diocese. This con- 
vention was held at Cheshire, June 1st, 1796, which placed the institii- 
tion under the control of twenty trustees, who elected the Reverend 
John Bowden as the first principal. 

Meantime, the work of building a suitable school for an acad- 
emy had been begun. The corner stone was laid with Masonic 
honors, April 28th, 1796, on which occasion Reverend Reuben Ives 
and Reverend Tillotson Bronson delivered addresses. Through the 
. influence of the former more than any other the academy was located 
at Cheshire, thirty persons associating themselves for that purpose, 
and were designated the proprietors. Most of these were Episcopal- 
ians and were contributors not merely for the benefit of the town, 
but for the church. Others were Congregationalists who were actu- 
ated bv local considerations. The building cost i^7()2 lawful money, 
and was in beauty and convenience in advance of the architecture of 
its time. So substantially was it put up that it remains to this day 
with but a slightly modified exterior, and in the group of buildings is 
known as Bowden Hall. The interior has been .so much changed that 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 697 

it bears but little resemblance to the original. " For many years this 
bumble building was the most celebrated seat of learning iii the state, 
■under the control of churchmen, and until the establishment of Trin- 
ity College, it was both college and theological seminary for this and 
other dioceses." 

Although beginning with the scope of an academy, it was the in- 
tention of the founders to erect it into a college as soon as the finances 
would permit, and with this view some of the first books in the library 
— the gifts of private benevolence — were labelled, " Seabury College, 
in Connecticut." As a step in that direction an endowment fund was 
started, in 1797, and aid was solicited not only from churchmen in 
Connecticut, but from foreign parts. In the course of a few years a 
fund of $3,000 was secured. The academy, under the principalship of 
Doctor Bowden, prospered, and to give it still better standing the tru.s- 
tees, on the 14th of April, 180], petitioned the general assembly to be 
incorporated as a body politic. This was done at the May session, 
when the present title was authorized. At this time 60 students were 
in attendance, which number was soon increased and the institution 
prospered. Doctor Bowden was a divine of great learning, and was 
well fitted for the work in which he was engaged, instructing some of 
his students in the whole collegiate and theological courses. On the 
12th of April, 1802, he resigned to accept a professorship in Columbia 
College, N. Y., which he held until his death in 1817. He was suc- 
ceeded as principal by Doctor William Smith. 

Under the direction of Doctor vSmith a new impetus was given to 
the movement to secure college privileges, which was encouraged by 
the improved financial condition of the academy. Much of the fund 
secured was the proceeds of a lottery, authorized b}' the assembly in 
October, 1802, which netted the institution about §12,000. This plan 
of raising money was at that time entirely consistent with Christian 
morality, and was generally in vogue to further public objects. The 
application to the assembly in 1804 for a college charter failed, and it 
was not again renewed until 1810, when it was also denied. Doubt- 
le.ss the proximity to Yale had much to do in influencing the legisla- 
tors to take this adverse action, and after another attempt to secure 
college privileges, the effort was abandoned, and the institution has 
since been content to sustain an academic position. 

In June, 1805, Doctor Smith resigned as principal, when the Rev- 
erend Tillotson Bronson was appointed, ■' and his name stands out 
most prominently in the history of the academy. He was simple as 
a child, yet of profound attainments. A correct scholar and deep 
thinker, he made a lasting impression upon the minds of his pupils, 
and we hear from their own lips of the love and respect they felt for 
him. Many a one who was favored by his instruction has stood by 
his grave in the cemetery and mourned as for a friend and father."* 

* Doctor Horton. 



698 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Doctor Bronson died in 182G, in the 65th year of his age, and was 
buried at St. Peter's, Cheshire, where a monument to his memory has 
been erected. He was principal of the academy twenty years, and 
now, after the lapse of more than half a century, is still gratefully re- 
membered in connection with it. 

The history of the academy for the next ten years was one of de- 
clining interest, and for a time it was in such a languishing condition 
that its existence was only nominal. The principals m this period 
were Reverend Asa Cornwall, Doctor Henry M. Mason, Doctor C. F. 
Cruse, in 1831. and Doctor Bethel Judd, from 1832 to 1835. 

In 1880 the Reverend Allen C. Morgan became the principal, and 
under his administration a new impulse was given to the fortunes of 
the academy. He died suddenly, in 1838, and his loss was greatly felt 
by the friends of the institution, which was now taken charge of by 
the rector of St. Peter's Parish, the Reverend Ebenezer E. Beardsley- 
He was an excellent principal and under his care the academy pros- 
pered, but he felt constrained to resign m 1843 to resume his duties 
as mini.ster. Up to this time the pupils resided with private families 
in the village, but they were now brought under immediate super- 
vision in the family of the principal. 

Doctor Beardsley 's successor as principal was Reverend Seth B. 
Paddock, who evinced great fitness and faithfulness in that office until 
his death in 1852. He purchased the old Dowd Doolittle tavern, 
where the courts used to be held, and converted it into a boarding 
hall, the principal occupying part of the building as a home. Later 
this place became the property of the corporation and was known as 
the Senior House. After 1858 a dining hall was built by Principal 
Babcock as an addition, and in 18G3 Principal Horton caused a large 
three-story frame building to be put up in addition to former accom- 
modations. It was further improved in the summer and fall of 1873. 
.so that its conveniences and capacity were greatly increased, when, 
on the early morning of September 25th. 1873, the entire structure 
was destroyed by fire. Although for the time being a calamity, the 
loss of the building proved a blessing in disguLse, for in its stead was 
reared the handsome Horton Hall, one of the finest school buildings 
in the county. The edifice is a commodious three-story brick, attract- 
ively and conveniently arranged, and is the general home of the acad- 
emy. It was dedicated in July, 1874. 

After the death of Principal Paddock, in 1852, Reverend Hilliard 
Bryant was for a short time in charge, when Reverend Edward Bal- 
lard was elected principal. He was both a preacher and a teacher of 
influence, and after leaving the academy in 1858, became the superin- 
tendent of the schools of Maine. In 1858 the Reverend J. H. Babcock 
became the principal, and although able as a teacher and liberal in 
his ideas, he was unfortunate in his management, so that he resigned 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 699 

in 1861. For one season the academy was closed and the pupils 
scattered. 

Under these discouraging circumstances the present efficient prin- 
cipal, the Reverend S. J. Horton, D.D., took charge of the academy 
January 1st, 1862. He brought with him as a nucleus his former 
school, consisting of fourteen boarding pupils, and from that meager 
number was reared the splendid school of to-day. Since his accession 
267 young men have graduated with academic honors and the school 
has a yearly attendance of more than 75 students. The single build- 
ing of the last century has been improved and modernized, the cam- 
pus enlarged and made attractive, and the elegant buildings which 
now constitute the academy erected. These results were brought 
about mainly by the skill, tact and consecration to the cause of edu- 
cation and the church of the honored Doctor Horton, who has become 
inseparabl}^ identified with the welfare of the academy. In these 
projects he has had the hearty cooperation of the faculty of the acad- 
emy, composed of half a dozen instructors and the twenty members 
constituting the board of trustees. This was officered, in 1889, by the 
following : President, Right Reverend John Williams, D.D.; vice- 
president, Reverend Sanford J. Horton, D.D.; secretary, Prof. An- 
drew W. Phillips, Ph.D.; treasurer, Hon. George R. Curtiss. 

The academy has also received generous support from former stu- 
dents and friends of the institution. Conspicuous among these has 
been Horatio N. Slater, son of Samuel Slater, the pioneer cotton manu- 
facturer of America, whose benefactions to the academy have been 
more than $] 0,000. George A. Jarvis and Arad W. Welton have also 
been liberal in their gifts. Mrs. Lucy H. Boardman has founded and 
maintained a scholarship, which bears her name. 

In addition to Bowden Hall, originally built in 1796, and Horton 
Hall, built in 1873-4, and already described, the academy includes 
Beardsley Hall and Bronson Hall. The former was built in 1865, by 
S. J. Horton, D.D., and was designed for the younger pupils, but since 
1867 has been the home of the principal. It is opposite the old acad- 
emy building and stands on several acres of tastefully laid out ground. 
The latter, built in 1866, at the suggestion of H. N. Slater, contains 
the chapel and the recitation rooms. It is substantial and attractive. 
These buildings afford ample accommodations and Horton Hall is 
lighted by gas and heated by steam. There are a library, cabinet and 
laboratory, while a large gymnasium affords opportunity for physical 
exercise. All the students are dressed in gray cloth uniforms, and a 
military drill is part of the daily exercise ; and that system is one of 
the disciplinary means of the institution. That feature of academic 
life was introduced and has been successfully maintained by the pres- 
ent principal, Doctor Horton. In 1889 Edward I. Williams was the 
academy commandant, and the two companies of the school were 
officered by the students. The .scheme of study covers a period of six 



700 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

years and embraces classical, scientific, medical and business courses' 
whose graduates find ready admission into the colleges and universi- 
ties of the country. 

Proper religious instruction is combined with the mental and 
physical training, and the obiect for which the academy was estab- 
lished has not been forgotten, its promoters still believing "that the 
greatest good that can be done is to educate the heart in accordance 
with the teachings of the Divine Law." 

The first attorney in Cheshire of whom any account has been pre- 
served was Samuel Beach, a son of Elnathan Beach. He graduated 
from Yale in 1757, and besides practicing his profession, was active in 
the affairs of the town and the church, of which he was an honored 
deacon. He was a son-in-law of the Reverend Samuel Hall, the first 
pastor, who took a natural pride in the attainments and character of this 
truly worthy man. He was a delegate to the convention which formed 
the Constitution of the United .States. His son, Burrage Beach, who 
graduated from Yale in 1793, was also an attorney in Cheshire, where 
he died at the age of 70 years. The house the latter occupied, in the 
village, was long known as the " Old .Squire Beach place," and is still 
standing. 

.Stephen R. Bradley was born in Cheshire October 2()th, IIM, and 
graduated from Yale in 1775. Removing to Vermont, he became very 
popular, and was elected to the United .States .Senate in 1791, .serving 
sixteen years. He died in New Hampshire, aged 76 years. 

Peter Hitchcock, born in Cheshire October 19th, 1781, graduated 
from Yale in 1801. Three years later he was admitted to the bar and 
practiced several years in Cheshire. In 1806 he removed to Ohio, and 
there served as judge of the supreme court from 1826 until 1852. 

Samuel A. Foote, a .son of the Reverend John Foote, was born No- 
vember 8th, 1780. Graduating from Yale in 1797, he studied law and 
practiced to a limited extent in Cheshire. He married a daughter of 
General Andrew Hull, and was engaged in business in New Haven 
many years, but afterward lived in this town, He received many po- 
litical honors, and was elected governor of Connecticut. As a mem- 
ber of congress he introduced the celebrated " Foote Resolutions," 
which gave occasion for the Webster-Hayne debate. His son, John 
A., became an attorney at Cleveland, Ohio. Another son was Andrew 
Hull, honored as a distinguished admiral in the United States navy, 
and beloved for his manly character, 

Tilton E. Doolittle, a graduate from Yale in 1846, after practicing 
here a short time, moved to Meriden and thence to New Haven, where 
he took a prominent place at the bar. Other natives of the town who 
became attorneys were: Jonathan Law, Charles Kelsey, Lucian R. 
Hall, Azariah Winchell and William Atwater. 

William Kelsey, .son of Jo.seph Kelsey, was born in Hartford, Conn., 
in 1818. He graduated from the Episcopal Academy, Cheshire, and 



HISTORY OK NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 701 

Yale Law School. He was admitted to the bar of New Haven county 
in 1S42, and has practiced law in Cheshire, Guilford, and four years in 
Winsted, Conn. He has served many years as justice of the peace. 
Mr. Kelsey was married in 1838 to Alma Hull, of Cheshire. They 
have had five children, three of whom are now living. 

An alphabetical list of persons who were physicians in the town, 
or who became practitioners elsewhere, shows the names of the fol- 
lowing: Doctors Jeremiah Atwater, Isaac Bartholomew, ElnathanBeach, 
Bildad Beach, James Beach, Pierre E. Brandier, Augustus Bristol. Ne- 
hemiah Banks, Thomas Tryon Cornwall, John Cornwall, Edward T. 
Cornwall, Myron N. Chamberlain, A.sa J. Driggs, Edgar B. Doolittle, 
Edward Fields, William Lambert Foote, Sydney Foote, John Alfred 
Foote, John Hull, Amos Hull, Zephaniah Hull, Amos Gould Hull, 
Henry Hitchcock, Henry L. Hitchcock, Henry Hotchkiss, Cyrus 
Humiston, Walter C. Hitchcock, William Horton, Benjamin Lewis, 
William Law, Henry Matthews, Darius Matthews, Edward Mills, Isaac 
Norton, Gold Gift Norton, William T. Peters. Henry vStreet, Charles 
Shelton, Edmund Tuttle, Anson Tuttle, Charles R. Upson .William C. 
Williams, William Edward Williams, George C. F. Williams, Henry 
Way, N. B. Welton, Edward Woodward. 

Of the foregoing. Doctor Isaac Bartholomew was one of the earliest 
practitioners in the town, coming from Branford and living in Che- 
shire until his death, in 1750. After this Doctor Elnathan Beach and 
Doctor Gold Gift* Norton appear as the most prominent physicians 
before the close of the last century. The former was the father of 
Samuel Beach and grandfather of Esquire Burrage Beach, two of the 
most prominent men in the affairs of the town, whose worth is well 
remembered. He lived in the center of the village and once pre- 
sented the Congregational church with a bell. 

Doctor Pierre E. Brandier, a native of the West Indies, born Sep- 
tember 18th, 1768, came to Cheshire some time about 1800, and skill- 
fully attended to a large practice until his death, August 26th, 18BL 
He is interred in St. Peter's cemetery. Doctor William Lambert 
Foote, a son of Parson Foote, was born in Cheshire in 1778, and on 
attaining manhood became a physician in the town, remaining until 
his death in 1849. His brother-in-law. Doctor Thomas Tryon Corn- 
wall, was a contemporary practitioner, and both were skilled in their 
profession. The latter was the father of Doctor John Cornwall, who 
practiced in Hamden, and grandfather of the present Doctor Edward 
T. Cornwall, a physician in Cheshire the past seven years. 

The Hulls, from Doctor John Hull down, for five generations have 
furnished able practitioners, most of them in Wallingford. Doctor 
Amos Gould Hull was the inventor of the celebrated Hull Truss. 

Doctor Charles Shelton was, in his day, eminent in his profession. 
He died in 1832, at the age of 50 years. Doctor Asa J. Driggs came 

* Also called Gould Gift. 



702 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

next in the order of old physicians, and remained in the place until 
his death, not many years since. He was generall}' esteemed as a 
good practitioner. Doctor Edward Woodward, after being in practice 
several years, removed to Bristol, and was succeeded by the present 
Doctor Myron N. Chamberlain. About the .same time Doctor Charles 
R. Upson came, as also did Doctor Henry Way. The latter removed 
to Bristol. 

Since 1855 Doctor William C. Williams has been in successful 
practice at Cheshire. He was the father of Doctor William Edward 
Williams, who died in 1872. aged 22 years; and Doctor George C. F. 
Williams, surgeon on Ward's Lsland, N. Y., and now of Hartford. 

The first settlers of the present town were members of and tribu- 
tary to the church at Wallingford, at which place they attended divine 
worship many years. Naturally, in the course of time, and when their 
members had become greater, these " West Farmers," as they were 
called, sought to have these privileges more convenient to their homes. 
Hence, as early as 1718, Homer Brooks, Stephen Hotchkiss and Mat- 
thew Bellamy, in their behalf, petitioned the general assembly, com- 
plaining that, " By reason of the distance from the town and the diffi- 
culty in the way we are under great disadvantage to appear on the 
public worship of God, and also for Edicating our Children," and 
asked to be constituted a parish. Naturally, too, Wallingford was not 
at first friendly to that purpose, as it would weaken its own society. 
But the assembly appointed a committee to examine into the matter, 
which reported that it had found the number of families on the 
"West Farms" to be about 45, "including in ye numb'r sum few new 
beginners that have not familys." As the value of the estates these 
families owned was but £'2,000, the committee recommended that they 
remain with the town of Wallingford, and they continued to worship 
there. A plan was perfected, however, by which the children of the 
"West Farmers" could be taught in their own neighborhood, the 
teacher going from one section to another in turn, forming a sort of 
an itinerancy, so that all could be accommodated. 

A few years later it was deemed best to provide preaching at the 
"West Farms," and December 11th, 1722, the town (Wallingford) by 
its vote, granted liberty "to ye farmers of the west side of the river, so 
many as shall subscribe, to have a minister to preach among them 
for three months this year, and voted to give them six pounds." 

It is believed that these meetings and those subsequently held, be- 
fore a house of worship was provided, were at the houses of Captain 
John Hotchkiss and Thomas Brooks; and it is probable that Samuel 
Hall was the minister who first preached in what is now Cheshire. 
The evident success of the three months' preaching rendered this 
people still more anxious to have a society of their own. and they per- 
sisted in tlieir petitions until Wallingford granted it to them, by a 
vote April ;JOth, 1723, when it was ordered " that a village be estab- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 703 

lished on the west side of the river," and thus, about 25 years after its 
settlement, was called into existence the first religious society, which 
formed "The Congregational Church in Cheshire." Upon this action 
of Wallingford, the seal of legislative approval was set at the May ses- 
sion following: but the people did not hold their meeting for organiz- 
ing until July ^nth, 1723, when they formed themselves into the " West 
Society in Wallingford." This name was changed, in 1724, to the 
" Society of New Cheshire," and still later the word AVw was dropped. 
Timothy Tuttle moderated at the meeting. Joseph Thompson was 
chosen clerk of the society and served until 1747. Thomas Brooks, 
Nathaniel Bunnell and John Hitchcock were the first society commit- 
tee and upon them devolved the work of establishing regular worship. 
Samuel Hall was secured to preach for them six months; and in No- 
vember Stephen Hotchkiss was appointed to "set the Psalms." Decem- 
ber 4th, 1723, it was decided to build a meeting house, 30 by 40 feet, 
and 18 feet posts. The selection of a site caused much trouble and 
the committeemen were obliged to petition the legislature to settle 
the matter for them. That body appointed a committee of three who 
chose a site, one-fourth of a mile south of the present meeting house, 
upon which was built the first house of worship in 1724. The money 
was raised by a levy of four pence upon every pound, and Joseph 
Thompson was appointed to "gather the rait." Caleb Matthews, Tim- 
othy Tuttle, Josiah Hotchkiss, Nathaniel Bunnell and Thomas Curtis 
acted as the building committee. The meeting house was very plain 
and was probably designed for temporary use, or until the society 
should be able to provide a better one. It was ready for occupancy in 
the fall of 1724 and in October of that year arrangements were made 
to form a church. Aleantime the society had not been inactive in re- 
gard to schools. January 10th, 1724, they appointed a committee to 
see to their school, and chose Elnathan Beach to collect the rates levied 
for their support. 

The preliminaries for organizing a church having been performed, 
the second Wednesday of December was set for the completion of the 
work and the ordination of their first pastor, who had continued to 
preach for the society. Accordingly on December 9th, 1724, eleven 
male and fifteen female members were constituted the church in New 
Cheshire, which was declared " to be according to ye establishment of 
ye Gov't. 1676." The Reverends Nathaniel Chauncey, of Durham, and 
Samuel Whittlesey, of Wallingford, assisted, and Samuel Hall was or- 
dained pa.stor. Joseph Ives and Stephen Hotchkiss were chosen as 
the first deacons. At this time, " Voted ye Holy Scriptures should be 
publickly read on ye Sabbath in God's House, as part of ye publick 
worship." But five persons dissented from that purpose. 

In 1725 a burial ground was opened, the pastor donating the land, 
and plans were made to build a school house. This could not be done 
at once, as the inhabitants living on what became known as Cheshire 



704 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Street were unwilling and wanted a school in their own locality; and 
in 1726 they were given permission to have a school of their own. In 
1728 the society compromised the matter by building two school 
houses, one in the northeastern part of the parish and the other near 
the meeting house. It had also been found necessary to increase the 
capacity of the meeting house, and in 1727 a gallery was added. After 
this was done, February 27th, 1728, "Voted to .seat the church and 
first to have respect to Thomas Beach, John Cook and Thomas Twist,'" 
so that they could better hear the preacher. 

In 1727 Ebenezer Johnson was chosen as the grave digger, to 
have five shillings for every grave dug, and seven years later the 
burial ground was fenced. Two years before, in 1732. the society was 
scourged by the smallpox, which broke out in a family living near the 
meeting house, and before the nature of the di-sease had become 
known, many persons were afflicted by it. Of the 300 persons com- 
posing the village, 124 were sick with the dreaded complaint and serv- 
ices in the church were for several months suspended. Notwithstand- 
ing .so many were sick and the service of medical men so rare, but 17 
persons died. Yet among them were several who had been active in 
the affairs of the society, viz.: Captain John Hotchkiss, Captain Thomas 
Brooks, Ensign Nathaniel Bunnell, Eliphalet Johnson, Ebenezer John- 
son, Robert Hotchkiss, Ebenezer Johnson, Jr., Josiah Hotchkiss, Na- 
thaniel Hitchcock, Elizabeth Hotchkiss, the wives of Daniel Andrews, 
Ephraim Tuttle and Josiah Hotchkiss. The cemetery was thus early 
consecrated as the resting place of the loved ones of many homes, in- 
cluding also the infant son of Reverend vSamuel Hall. The pastor 
himself had been very sick and after the plague was over he preached 
an appropriate sermon, which was printed. In the first forty years of 
the use of the cemetery by Pastor Hall, he officiated at the burial of 
626 persons. In 1890 a fine archway entrance to the cemetery was 
built, mostly by means furnished by Mrs. IMarch, and tablets were 
placed in the wall to her honor and to that of Reverend Hall. 

The society having outgrown the meeting house, it was voted, in 
1786, to build a new one, 45 by 64 feet, and 24 feet between the joints. 
John Parker, Caleb Matthews, John Hull, Benjamin Dutton and 
Joshua Hotchkiss were selected as a committee to build it. A new 
site, more central and nearer to the cemetery, was presented by the 
Reverend Samuel Hall, upon which the house was built in 1788. This 
house stood a little east of wdiere the soldiers' monument now is, 
reaching into the present highway and fronted to the sovith. At the 
north end was the steeple. The pulpit was on the west side and over 
it was a sounding board. Directly in front, on the east side of the 
church, was the main entrance. Below the pulpit were seats for the 
deacons and the communion table. North of the pulpit were seats for 
old ladies; south were scats for old men, and in front of these the boys 
of the village were seated. Amasa Hitchcock recollected counting. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 705 

about 17.53, as many as sixty boys occupying these seats on a single 
Sabbath. In 1765 the meeting house was repaired by putting cedar 
shingles on its foreside. A well was dug before the meeting house in 
1778. 

In 1737 the society agreed to warn the meetings by having the 
"drum beat from Abraham Barne's to Capt. Joseph Thompson, on 
every Tuesday eve." In March, 1773, a bell weighing 450 pounds' 
was procured, and the use of the drum was given up. In 1797 it was 
voted that the church bell should be rung every day. at noon and at 
9 o'clock p. M. 

After the old meeting house had been used the greater part of a 
century, a new one, the present house of worship, was begun in 1826. 
To give it a better location more land was purchased in the rear of 
the old lot, and the house was set upon this new ground, thus per- 
mitting the beautiful "green" which now graces the approach to the 
house. It is also a wooden building, and when the frame was raised 
Jesse Brooks, who was assisting in the work, was killed b}' being 
crushed between two heavy posts. The house cost $7,000, and was 
dedicated August 1st, 1827, the sermon being preached by Reverend 
David S. Ogden, of Southington. On that occasion a large and well- 
trained choir, led by Thomas A. Cornwall, furni.shed the music. This 
was an innovation upon the singing of the olden times. In 1731 the 
society "voted to sing that which is regular singing." In 1735, "voted 
to sing in ye public assembly ye Psalms of David in ye language of 
ye New Testament and applied to ye Christian State and worship by 
ye Watts." 

About 1847 the meeting house was so much damaged by a thunder 
storm that it required extensive repairs. At this time the pulpit was 
changed from the front of the audience room to the rear, and other 
alterations made. In 1863 the walls of the house were frescoed. A 
lecture room and ladies' parlor were built on the rear of the house a 
few years later. Since 1884 they have been put in attractive order 
and supplied with a piano. The audience room has also been thor- 
oughly renovated, and a fine organ was presented to the church by 
Frank Gaylord. In the fall of 1889 a good Seth Thomas striking 
clock was placed in the tower of the meeting house, and at this time 
the property of the church appeared to be in good condition. Among 
the adornments of the audience room are tablets placed m memory of 
the first and the second pastors of the church. 

The first pastor, Reverend vSamuel Hall, was born at Wallingford, 
October 4th, 1695, and was the .second son of Hon. John Hall, and 
grandson of Captain Samuel Hall. The latter was one of the founders 
of Wallingford, and the Hon. John Hall was, in his day, one of the 
most influential men of Connecticut, and being wealthy and public 
spirited, he gave all of his children a liberal education. His first .son, 
John, was also very prominent, and was the father of the Hon. Lyman 
44 



706 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Hal], governor of Georgia, who was one of the signers of the declara- 
tion of independence. Other members of the Hall family became 
illu.strioLis. 

vSamuel Hall was prepared for college by Reverend Samuel 
Whittlesey, and in 1716, graduated from Yale, in the last year 
it was at Saybrook. After serving as a tutor for that institution 
three years at Wethersfield (where were a body of students who 
had seceded during the controversy as to permanent location), he 
studied theology with Reverend Samuel Stoddard, of Northampton. 
Thence, after preaching some time before ordination, he became the 
first pastor of Cheshire church in October, 1724. The following Jan- 
uary he was married to Anne Law, daughter of Governor Jonathan 
Law, and settled in a homestead which stood on the site of the Edward 
A. Cornwall residence. Of his thirteen children a number grew to 
maturity, and daughters married into the Whittlesey, Williams, Beach 
and Foote families; the sons, who became well known, were Brenton 
(father of Doctor William Brenton Hall, noted for his heroism in the 
yellow fever outbreak along the Connecticut river), Elisha and Jona- 
than Hall. From these have descended many distinguished men, 
and their names are, in man}- instances, still honorably perpetuated 
in Cheshire. 

Mr. Hall was a vigorous "Old Light," and took an active part in- 
the great controversy attending the .settlement of Reverend James 
Dana over the Wallingford church. He was an active thinker and 
also an eloquent speaker, having power to hold his members together 
and greatly attached them to him. He preached his last sermon in 
October, 177;"), when he urged the minute men of Cheshire to patriotic 
action in driving the British foe from Boston, and when they responded 
he followed them, although in his Slst year, and inspired them with 
his presence. In the last ten years of his life the burden of the min- 
istry had passed to his son-in-law, John Foote, but he occa.sionally 
preached and maintained his interest in the church to the end. 

Reverend John Foote was born in Branford, in 1742. After grad- 
uating from Yale, in 1765, he studied theology under Reverend Samuel 
Hall, and married his daughter, November 19th, 1767. He was called 
to the ministry in Cheshire, December 2d, 1766, and was installed in 
March, 1767. Like his predecessor, he was possessed of more than 
ordinary ability to control a large congregation, but soon had to con- 
tend with many trying circumstances. The war of the revolution had 
not only crippled the resources of the people, but it had also cultivated 
the spirit of religious freedom and given, an impetus to the Epis- 
copal and other churches; and in 1782 a few began to petition 
for exemption from taxation to support the Congregational church. 
October ;?()th, 1789, Abner Doolittle " signed off " to Episcopacy, and 
was soon followed by Edward Tuttle. John Benham, Epaphrus Hall, 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 707 

William Clark, Jr., Horace Hitchcock, Jesse Humiston and others. 
" Some to avoid paying taxes for the Cheshire Church secured certifi- 
cates from some Baptist or other minister that they were attending 
and helping support these other enterprises. "•■ 

In 1778 several members withdrew to form the church and society 
of Columbia (now Prospect), where a meeting house was erected and 
Reverend John Lewis was installed as the pa.stor. A short time after- 
ward a serious division of the church was threatened by a number of 
members, most of whom lived on Cheshire Street, although the disaf- 
fection extended to other parts of the parish. They were disinclined to 
accept the teachings of the new pastor as tacitly as they did those of 
the old one, and dissented from them. Of the.se Timothy Hall, Cap- 
tain Robert Rice and Job Yale were men of influence, and in 1780 
they succeeded in having charges preferred against Mr. Foote. In a 
specified form some appear grave and others frivolous, but they re- 
ceived the attention of the Con.sociation of New Haven county, at 
meetings held in January, June and November, 1780, some of which 
were so largely attended that an adjournment from the house of Tim- 
othy Hall to the school house was necessary. The Consociation did 
not seem able to settle the matter and a new society was projected 
which had, besides those named above, as members: David Brooks, 
William Law, Josiah Smith, Enos Atwater, Gad Pond and Ephraim 
Cook. A new meeting house was begun on the site of the Episcopal 
pansonage at the Center, but it was never completed and was after- 
ward sold and was removed to a place near where Bunnell lane now 
runs, where it was used as a tannery. Mr. Foote, having been admon- 
ished by the Consociation, profited by the advice and so harmonized 
the discordant elements that the longer he continued as pastor the 
greater the respect and confidence of his people, and his ministry was 
as successful as that of his predecessor, extending over a period of 46 
years. He had received ,549 persons into the church in the most try- 
ing times of the country's history. Being ill he asked for a colleague, 
m September, 1811, which was granted and an annuity of about two 
years' salary voted him; but he died before that time, universally 
esteemed. 

Mr. Foote built a house directly opposite the one occupied by his 
father-in-law, which in 1889 was still standing as the home of Seth 
Calhoun. Here he reared a large and talented family, whose fame has 
extended to all parts of the Union. 

The Reverend Humphrey H. Perrine, who followed Mr. Foote in 
the pastoral office, was ordained August 25th, 1813, and dismissed 
April 22d, 1816. 

The pulpit was now supplied for several years by Reverend Jere- 
miah Atwater, from April, 1816, until July, 1817; and Reverend N. 
Kellogg, for one year, from November, 1818. 

♦Reverend E. C. Baldwin. 



708 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

In September, 1820, the church ordained one of its own members 
as pastor — the Reverend Roger Hitchcock, who served acceptably 
until his death, January 81st, 1823. He was a son of Valentine 
Hitchcock and a brother of the Hon. Peter Hitchcock, of Ohio. 

After an interval. Reverend Luke Wood next supplied the pul- 
pit, from December, 1824, until 182(), and it was in this period that 
the new meeting house was begun and completed in 1827. 

The Reverend Joseph Whiting was the next regular pastor, being 
ordained October 24th, 1827, and after a ministry of nine years was 
dismissed December 29th, 1836. In his pastorate many were added 
to the church, which now entered upon a new era of prosperity. 
He built a new parsonage near the church, which embarrassed him, 
and as his salary was only $600 per year, he was constrained to 
move to the West, and at Ann Arbor, Michigan, had much to do 
with the founding of the vState University, where a monument to 
his memory stands in its campus. 

The Reverend Erastus Colton was the next minister, serving from 
his ordination, January 17th, 1838, until July 21st, 1843. 

The Reverend Daniel March, whose instruction books upon Bible 
topics have given him a wide reputation, was ordained April 22d, 
1845, and dismissed November 9th, 1848. Then came Reverend 
Daniel S. Rodman, from October 16th, 1849, to December 27th, 
1854: Clement W. Clapp, from May 22d, 1855, until May 11th, 
1857; Charles Little, from January 8th, 1862, until June 13th, 1865; 
John M. Wolcott, from November 11th, 1869, until September 20th, 
1876; Joseph H. Isham, from January 23d, 1878, till April 25th, 1882. 

The acting pastors of the church have been: Reverend David Root, 
from October, 1857, until April, 1859; John S. C. Abbott, from 1860, 
for about two years. He was followed in 1882 by Reverend E. C. 
Baldwin, who became the acting pastor and so continued until his 
death, April 27th, 1890. He was an able, honest and fearless man, 
having many qualities which made him an excellent minister. He 
was born in Milford in 1833. graduated from Union Theological Semi- 
nary in 1860, and was ordained to the ministry in the fall of that year 
as the pastor of the Bethlehem church. From 1865 until 1878 he 
served in a pastoral relation the church at Bran ford. Subsequently 
he was the editor of the Home World. 

Since August, 1890, the acting pastor of the Cheshire church has 
been Reverend J. P. Hoyt. 

In seasons when the church had no pastor the Yale College men 
frequently preached here, among those thus coming being Reverend 
N. W. Taylor and Reverend N. Porter, D.D., afterward the honored 
president of Yale. 

The Congregational ministers raised up in Cheshire have been: 
Abraham Beach, D.D., Jo.seph Bellamy, D.D., Herbert Bristol, Aaron 
Hall, Lyman Hall, Reuben Hitchcock, Roger Hitchcock, Reuben 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 709 

Moss. Frederick William March, Asahel Stevens, George Edward 
Street, Jesse W. Brooks; and among those who attended the church 
and became ministers of other denominations were Aaron Beach, John 
Parker, David Brooks, Waitsell Munson, David Bristol, Allen Houo-h, 
Ransom Johnson and Reuben Ives. 

The deacons of the church and the years in which they were 
elected have been as follows: Jo.seph Ives and Stephen Hotchkiss, 
1724; Timothy Tuttle, 1739; Edward Parker, 1755; Samuel Beach and 
Benjamin Hotchkiss, 1766; Benoni Plum and Isaac Bunnell, 1787; John 
Peck, 1809; Andrew Hull, Jr., 1813; Jared Moss and Roger Hitchcock, 
1815; Cyrus Baldwin, 1820; Reuben W. Roys and William A. Brown, 
1827; Irad Bronson, 1836; Merriam L. Hotchkiss, 1841; Jesse R.Brooks, 
1859; Jared S. Baldwin, 1869; George Keeler, Edwin R. Brown and 
Norman S. Piatt, 1870; William L. Baldwin and Charles H. Hall, 1882; 
Frank N. Hall. 1888. 

In 1889 the church had 283 members, and the ofl&cers of the society 
were: Clerk, E. R. Brown; treasurer, George Keeler; committee, Henry 
Gaylord, E. P. Atwater and Titus B. Ives. 

St. Peter's Church (Protestant Episcopal) dates from about the 
middle of the eighteenth century. Among the early settlers of Chesh- 
ire were a number of churchmen who felt the influence of the minis- 
try of the rector of the church at Stratford — Doctor Johnson — and who 
were thus moved to have the forms of the church set up in their own 
midst. Joseph Moss was one of the readiest to espouse that idea, and 
gathering his neighbors together in the house of Zachariah Ives, he 
acted as lay reader of the "service." In 1751 Reverend Ichabod Camp 
visited the community and formed the persons thus accustomed to 
meet into an Episcopal society. It is probable that they were now 
visited at intervals by Doctor Johnson, Doctor Ichabod Camp and 
by other ministers, as missionaries of the "Society for the Propagation 
of the Gospel in Foreign Parts," of London. As such Reverend Sam- 
uel Andrews came in 1761 and preached at stated periods, until his 
zeal as a loyalist in the revolution made him obnoxious to the patriots 
of this section, and after the war he moved to Nova Scotia. 

In 1760 Joseph Moss bought the property on which the place of 
worship stood, and aided by Henry Brooks, Sr., Zachariah Ives, Ben- 
jamin Lewis, Amos Matthews, Ebenezer Tuttle, Moses Tuttle and 
Isaac Tyler, built a small church, which better accommodated the in- 
creased membership of the society. In May, 1767, he deeded that 
ground and a part of the present cemetery to Amos Matthews and 
Henry Brooks, Sr., as the wardens of "St. Peter's Church," the con- 
sideration being £1 10s. "and love and good will to the church of the 
ever blessed Redeemer." He acted as parish clerk many years, and 
when no minister was in attendance continued to serve as lay reader. 
Thus he remained one of the principal members until his death, July 
10th, 1775, at the age of 62 years. 



710 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

The first church having become too small, a second building was 
erected in 1770, upon the site where the present church stands. It 
was a high structure, 42 feet square, and having galleries, was quite 
commodious. But in 1795 it was found necessary to enlarge it, and a 
steeple was also added. Owing to the above proportions, this gave 
the building an awkward appearance, and was not to be commended 
architecturally, as the steeple appeared more prominent than the 
church. After the lapse of about forty years this building was re- 
moved to give place to a new brick edifice, which was put up under 
the rectorship of Reverend E. E. Beardsley, and which was conse- 
crated August 1st, 1840. In an enlarged and greatly improved form, 
that is the building which is now the church of the parish. To the 
original structure a new chancel was added in 1864, which was moved 
back in 1875 to admit the new transepts to the church, built that year. 
At the same time the ceiling was ribbed. In 1881 the interior of the 
church was beautified and artistic furniture and memorial windows 
.supplied. In the tower was placed a fine-toned bell, weighing 3,874 
pounds, which was the gift to the church of Mrs. P. S. Beers and her 
daughters, Mrs. N. S. Piatt and Mrs. M. N. Chamberlain. In 1886 the 
Reverend Doctor Horton presented a brass pulpit, and in 1889 the 
church received as a gift a handsome brass lectern from Mr. and ^Irs. 
Samuel Hitchcock, as a memorial to their daughter, Emily. These 
improvements were the means of creating a desire to see the church 
placed in a still better condition, and in the fall of 1888 a warm friend 
of the parish, residing in Brooklyn, N. Y., George A. Jarvis, offered 
to bear one-half of the expenses of whatever improvement might be 
made. The parish decided to build a new front to the old church, 18 
by 60 feet and two stories high, which would form church rooms and 
a chapel. The old tower being removed, a new tower of .stone and 
brick, 70 feet high, massive and attractive, was added. The corner 
stone of this was laid by Bishop Williams, July 11th, 1889, and con- 
tains the contents of the old stone, laid in 1839, with appropriate addi- 
tions. The entire improvements, completed in the fall of 1889, have 
placed the building" in a thoroughly good condition, and it has become 
one of the best country churches in the state. Great credit for the 
successful completion of the work is due the young rector of the 
parish. Reverend J. F. vSe.xton. The entire church property and rec- 
tory are worth $20,000. 

Connected with the church is the well-kept St. Peter's Cemetery, 
embracing in 1889 several acres, and which is controlled by the vestry 
of the parish. A cemetery fund, established about 25 years ago, has 
been increased to $2,000, and its income permits the grounds to be kept 
in good condition. The cemetery contains some fine monuments, and 
there are interred among many other loved ones, the pioneer minister, 
Reverend Reuben Ives, Reverend S. II. Turner, of the New York 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 711 

Theological Seminary, and the honored Doctor Bronson, who first gave 
the Episcopal Academy the character it enjoj's. 

For a long period after the establishment of the academy the head 
of the school was also the head of the parish, an arrangement pro- 
nounced by Doctor Beardsley as not advantageous to the church, as 
there was too great a dilTusion of interest. After the ministry of 
Reverend Samuel Andrews had terminated, in 1786, Reverend Reuben 
Ives became the pastor of the parish in 1788, and continued about 
thirty years, serving, also, in connection, other neighboring churches. 
He was a son of the Zachariah Ives before named, and was born in 
Cheshire in 1762. At the age of 24 he graduated from Yale, and the 
same year was admitted to deacon's orders, at Derby. He was a de- 
voted minister and a great lover of music, being one of the first to 
introduce chanting in Connecticut. He died October 17th, 1836. From 
1820 for the next five years the church was supplied by Doctor Bron- 
son, principal of the academy, and the assistant teacher, Reverend Asa 
Cornwall. After 1825 the latter alone was the minister several years. 
From 1828 to 1834 the clergy were Reverends Henry M. Mason, C. F. 
Cruse and Doctor Judd. Since the latter period the following took 
charge of the interests of the church: 1835, Reverend E. E. Beardsley; 
1841, William F. Morgan and Frederick Miller; 1843, E. E. Beard.sley; 
1848, Joseph H. Nichols; 1852, Hilliard Bryant; 1865, Julius H. Ward; 
1868, E. M. Pecke; 1873,W. B. Buckingham; 1876, O. H. Raftery; 1886, 
J. Frederick Sexton, having been the rector since June of that year. 
In furthering the work of the parish he published the " Rector's A.s- 
sistant," an attractive church magazine, setting forth its needs, and 
being also intended as an aid to devout life. 

In November, 1889, the parish had 138 families, which supplied 226 
communicants. The Sunday school had 90 members, and Julius Moss 
was the superintendent. Joseph Moss also served many years in that 
capacity. The wardens were Joel Moss and Julius Mo.ss, the former 
serving at the age of 92 years. Lloyd Mo.ss and Ralph Guilford were 
wardens in former years. Howard T. Moss was the treasurer of the 
parish, and Milton C. Doolittle the clerk; the vestrymen were: Timothy 
Guilford, Henry S. Frost, Richard Valentine, Silas E. Jeralds, Charles 
T. Hotchkiss, Joseph P. Moss, J. Norris Barnes, Alexander W.Welton, 
Charles L. Russell, Jr., and J. William Moss. 

The parish sustams a branch of the " Church Temperance Society," 
a chapter of "The Brotherhood of St. Andrew," a Young Ladies' 
Guild, aid and missionary societies, and is active in all tho.se good 
works which characterize a live Christian church. In 1889 the amount 
of moneys raised for all purposes was more than $2,000. 

The Cheshire Methodist Episcopal Church was erected in 1834. As 
early as 1809 a class of Methodists was organized at Wallingford, 
which had among its members persons living in the town of Cheshire. 
In 1819 the first Methodist church in Hamden was built, and among 



712 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

its worshippers were also persons belonging to Cheshire. About the 
same time Ransom Johnson, a devout local preacher, expounded the 
word of God to a small class in the school house on Cheshire street, 
and later held Methodist meetings in the village, where he had the 
zealous cooperation of Amasa Preston, whose pious life is still re- 
membered in the southwestern part of the town. In 1825 preaching 
was established in southeastern Cheshire, and since that year the 
town has been a part of the Methodist itinerancy. 

The appointment at the village was permanently taken up by 
Reverend Lucius Baldwin, in 1829, and from the preaching services 
in the old .school house has sprung the present church. The circuits 
in those days were large, and comprised so many appointments that 
meetings were held only at long intervals. In 1832 old Hamden cir- 
cuit embraced not only the three clas.ses of that town, with 71 members 
(some belonging to Cheshire), but those of Woodbridge, with 36 mem- 
bers; Prospect, with 45 members; Salem and Naugatuck, with 24 
members; Cheshire, with 36 members; North Haven, with 18 mem- 
bers; Branford, with 10 members; and Wallingford, with 11 members. 

April 22d, 1834, the membership at Cheshire had so much increased 
that it had become a separate appointment, and the question of build- 
ing a church was taken up. On that day a building committee was 
appointed, consisting of Amasa Preston, Elias Dudley, Joseph Doo- 
little, David Brooks, William Hotchkiss, Delos Hotchkiss and A. M, 
Hitchcock. A lot of land, centrally located, was purchased of Jairus 
Bunnell, on which was built a brick structure, having the church 
architecture of that day, at a cost of $3,000. This was dedicated No- 
vember 22d, 1834, by Reverend Schuyler Seager. Repairs on the 
building were made in 1.859, at a cost of $1,200; in 1872, costing §800; 
and more recently, in the past year, which have placed the house in a 
comfortable condition. In 1881 a large fund was raised for the pur- 
pose of building a new church, but inability to agree upon details and 
the removal of many members caused the project to be abandoned. 
A parsonage was secured in 1866, at a cost of $2,500. 

Elias Dudley was the first class leader at the Center, and among the 
early members was Damaris Judd, who joined in August, 1833, and 
was faithful until his death, in April, 1880. Amasa Preston was one 
of the most active early members, and James Lanyon, the superin- 
tendent of the Baryta inines, sustained a similar relation in the more 
recent history of the church. His influence greatly strengthened the 
church, and a large proportion of the English miners became mem- 
bers of it. After the suspension of that interest, the membership was 
much dimini.shed by the removal of the miners. In 1889 there were 
107 members reported. Notable revivals in the history of the church 
occurred in 1851, 1859, 1864, 1867-8, 1876 and 188!. In September of 
the latter year scores of persons were converted. 

The church has for many years maintained a Sunday school, which 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 713 

is largely attended, and had, in 1889, Alfred S. Bennett as its superin- 
tendent. George R. Johnson was the .secretary of the board of trus- 
tees, and the church property was valued at $o,0(X). 

The ministers of the church, as appointees of the several confer- 
ences with which it has been connected, have been the following: 
From New Haven and Hamden circuit : 1825, Reverends Heman 
Bangs and J. Leach. From Hamden circuit: 1826, Elias Crawford 

1827, Lucius Baldwin. From Hamden and Humphreysville circuit 

1828, Eli Barnett and N. Kellogg; 1829, Eli Barnett and L. Baldwin 
1830, J. Nixon; 1881, Smith Dayton; 1832, J. Hudson. 

In 1833 Cheshire circuit was established and has since been main- 
tained as a division of the conference: 1833-4, Reverend Asa Bush- 
nell; 1835, Hart F. Pease; 1836-7, J. A. Sillick; 1838, W. W. Brewer; 
1839, C. F. Peton; 1840, A. F. Beach; 1841-2, Ira Abbott; 1843, J. B. 
Beach; 1844, S. W. Smith; 1845, S. W. Smith and G. A. Hubbell; 1846, 
J. E. Searles and R. H. Loomis; 1847-8, A. S. Hill; 1849, G. L. Fuller; 
1850, Charles Gorse; 1851, Charles Gorse and A. S. Hill; 1852-3, L. P. 
Perry; 1854, supplies; 1855, B. Redford; 1856-7, L. Beach; 1858, C. Chit- 
tenden; 1859-60, H. N. Weed; 1861-2, Ira Abbott; 1863-5, F. B. Tower; 
1866, supplies; 1867-8, Edward Cunningham; 1869, W. W. McGuire; 
1870-1, E. S. Hibbard; 1872-4. David Nash; 1875, J. O. Munson; 1876-7, 
William Brj^ant; 1877-8, James W. Dean; 1879-80, Albert Booth; 1881. 
William R. Webster; 1882, Caleb Parker; 1883-5, A. V. R. Abbott; 
1886-8, W. L. Holmes; 1889. G. A. Viets. 

St. Bridget's Church (Roman Catholic) was erected in 1859. 
Nearly forty years ago Father Tevens and other Catholic priests vis- 
ited the town to encourage the adherents of their religion, occasion- 
ally saying mass at their houses. One of the first services of this 
nature was at the house of Michael Garde, about a mile below the 
Center, and those attending were chiefly miners who had but recently 
come to Cheshire. Mass was said later in Baldwin's Hall (now part 
of Hotchkiss & Allen's store) by Father O'Reilly, and soon after a 
more permanent place of worship was found in the hall of the tavern 
of Martin Brennan, where services were statedly held until the church 
was erected. The movement which led to its building was started by 
Father Hugh J. O'Reilly, who purchased one acre of land in the 
northern part of the village, of Michael Garde, for church and ceme- 
tery purposes. On this lot the corner stone of a plain edifice was laid, 
in the summer of 1859, by Father Quinn, of Meriden. On Christmas 
of the same year it was first used to celebrate a mass appropriate to 
the day, by Father Callan, also from Meriden. 

In 1883 the church building was improved and beautified, a small 
turret being added and stained glass windows supplied. An appro- 
priate re-dedication by Bishop McMahon followed, November 4th, 
1883, and it has since been attractively kept. In 1889 the members of 
the corporation were Hugh Brennan and Michael Mulvey. 



714 HISTORY Or NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Cheshire has never been a separate parish, forming a part of a 
parish composed of the churches in Hamden, Sonthington or South 
Meriden. In 1889 it was connected parochially with the two latter 
churches, and Reverend Father Moore, of South Meriden, was the 
priest of the parish. The only resident priest at Cheshire was Father 
Drea, who lived in the Beadle place and served from here the churches 
at Hamden and Southington. At St. Bridget's mass is said every 
Sundav, and there are about 25 families connected with the church. 

BIOCR.'M'HIC.VL SKETCHES. 

Isaac Hobart Barnes is a representative of one of the oldest fami- 
lies in Cheshire. He was born in 1826 and is descended from John, 
born 1795; James, born 1773; Ambrose, born 1745; and James, 
who died in New Haven. Ambrose came to Cheshire in 1756 
and settled on the farm that has been in possession of the Barnes fam- 
ily ever since, and a part of which is now owned by Isaac H. Am- 
brose married Beulah, daughter of Isaac Blakeslee. James married 
Margaret Bell, daughter of Elisha. John married Roxanna Peck, 
daughter of John. Lsaac H. married Delia T., daughter of Samuel 
Clark, of Milford, Conn. The family are Episcopalians. 

John R. Barnes, born May 20th, 1867, is a son of James, born July 
17th, 1829, died February 3d, 1870; grandson of John, and great-grand- 
son of James, born April 16tli, 1773. James, second, married Sarah E. 
Pennewell. They have two sons; J. Norris, born March 12th, 1858, 
and John R. These sons are engaged in fruit growing in company 
with N. S. Piatt, under the firm name of Barnes, Piatt & Barnes. Their 
farm contains 100 acres. They make a specialty of raising peaches 
and other small fruit. They started their peach orchard m 1881 and 
have harvested three full crops of fruit from it. 

Benajah Beadle, born in Cheshire in 1815, died October 5th, 1890, 
was a son of Alford, who was born in Wallingford and settled in 
Cheshire about 1810. He raised a family of four sons, of whom Bena- 
jah was the third. His father was a carriage-maker, and built the 
second one-horse wagon made in Cheshire. Benajah learned the trade 
of carriage-maker and followed it for 52 3'ears. In all this time he was 
not away from his shop to exceed one month at any one time. He 
retired in 1886 and his son now carries on the business. Benajah was 
married in 1837 to Julia A. Hitchcock, of Cheshire. They had two 
sons, Henry and Edgar. 

Sherman Blakeslee, born in Watertown, Conn., in 1815, was a son 
of Maning Blakeslee, who moved to Prospect when Sherman was an 
infant, and died about 1833. He had eight children, of whom Sherman 
was the third. His early educational advantages were limited, but in 
after years he educated him.self and was a good business man. He 
was essentially a self-made man, with good common sense and native 
ability. He engaged in the manufacture of Britannia ware, and after- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 715 

ward he was in the mercantile trade in Yalesville, Conn., about six 
years. He then moved to Chesliire and was connected with the John 
Mix Manufacturing Company 11 years, after which he again engaged 
in the mercantile trade in Cheshire. He remained in this place 14 
years, when he retired on account of ill health about 1882. As a bu.si- 
ness men he was noted for his integrity, square dealing, honesty and 
uprightness. He was a quiet and unpretentious man and devoted him- 
self strictly to his own affairs. He married Nancy M. Mix in 1838. 
They had five children: Sherman, born 1840; Lauren, born 1841; 
George W., born 1844; Etta M., born 1846; and Laura E., born 1863. 
Lauren died in the 17th year of his age and Etta at the age of 19 
years. Mr. and Mrs. Blakeslee celebrated their golden wedding in 
October, 1888. He died August 1st, 1891, at his home, after an illness 
of some months, at the age of 76 years, and leaves a wife and three 
children — Sherman, George and Laura. 

Rier Bristol, born in 1811, was a son of Uriah. They were both 
born in Cheshire. Rier married Abigail Munson. of Cheshire, and 
had three children: Antoinette, Alfred and Abbie. Alfred died in 
1884. Antoinette married William S. Bates, of New York, who died 
in 1874. Rier Bristol died in 1871. He was engaged in agriculture 
and in manufacturing. He inherited the farm where a part of the 
baryta mines in this town was located. The two daughters live on 
the old homestead. 

Je.sse R. Brooks, born in Cheshire October 1st, 1820, was a .son 
of Jesse, grandson of Henry, and great-grandson of Henry, whose 
father, Thomas, was son of Henry. They were descendants of 
Henry Brooks, who came from England about 1670, settling first in 
New Haven. The family came from Cheshire, England. Five gen- 
erations have lived on the farm where Jesse R. now lives in Mix- 
ville. He has always been engaged in farming. He has been deacon 
of the Congregational church in Cheshire about 26 years. He has 
been twice married; first to Sarah C. Blakeslee in 1845. She died 
in 1852, leaving no children. His second wife was Louise A., daugh- 
ter of Anson Smith, of Cheshire. They have two children. The 
elder. Reverend Jesse W. Brooks, Ph.D., D.D., of Brooklyn, N. Y.. a 
graduate of Rutgers College and Union Theological Seminary, mar- 
ried Louise B. Upham, and has three children. Jesse R. Brooks' 
younger son, Henry S., is at present engaged with his collegiate 
studies. 

Samuel Hull Brooks, born in Cheshire in 1826, is a son of David, 
born in Cheshire in 1791; he a son of Reverend David, born in 
Cheshire in 1744; he a son of Enos, born in Cheshire in 1708; he 
a son of Lieutenant Thomas Brooks, born in Cheshire in 1678; he 
a son of Henry, who .settled in Cheshire about 1705. Samuel H. 
Brooks is a direct descendant of Abram Doolittle, one of the organ- 
izers of the town of Wallingford about 1670. Two brothers, Henry 



716 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

and Thomas, came from New Haven and settled in Cheshire in 1705, 
and named the town Cheshire after Cheshire, England, their native 
place. The finst church service held in Cheshire was at the house 
of Henry Brooks. Micah, a son of Reverend David Brooks, moved to 
Western New York, and was elected to congress from there. He was 
known as General Micah Brooks. David, the father of .Samuel H. 
Brooks, married Linda Hull, and had nine children. Alonzo, the 
eldest, died in Brooks Vale in 1887. David, the second son, went to 
Philadelphia and was engaged in constructing the first telegraph line 
in the country, with S. F. B. Morse. He became widely known as an 
electrician, and invented an underground cable, for which the West- 
ern Union Telegraph Company paid him a large sum. Samuel H. 
went with him to Pennsylvania, and remained there about 15 years. 
He had charge of the telegraph office in the capitol at Harrisburg. 
He returned to Connecticut after the death of his younger brother, 
Edwin M., to the old Brooks homestead in Brooks Vale. This farm 
has remained in the possession of the Brooks family since 1730. On 
the farm is an immense rock, known as Scott's Rock, under which is 
a large cave in which the regicides Whaley and Gofife were secreted 
for some time. Samuel Hull Brooks married Mary Eliza Mather, of 
Troy, N. Y., a descendant from Cotton Mather. They have four chil- 
dren: E^liza Mather, Linda Hull, Heman Mather and Mary Mather. 
Brooks Vale was so named by Mr. Samuel Brooks, about 1847. His 
brother, Edwin M., was the first postmaster there, and Samuel suc- 
ceeded him in 18(iit, continued until 1885. His neice, Miss Ella M. 
Brooks, daughter of his brother, Alonzo, now has charge of the office. 
The Hull family came from Derbyshire, England, and settled in Wal- 
lingford about 1687. The first of the name was Doctor John Hull, 
from whom descended: Joseph, born in 1668; Caleb, born in 1695: 
Samuel, born in 1730: Samuel, born in 17.")'.): and Linda, mother of 
vSamuel Hull Brooks. 

Daniel A. A. Buck, born in Tunbridge, Vt., in 1840, is a son of Eri 
P. and Mary S. Buck. He removed to Weir Village, Mass., when five 
years old. At the age of 16 years he went to Clinton, Ma.ss., where he 
learned the trade of watchmaker and jeweller, remaining there seven 
years. Later he followed the same business about twelve years in 
Worcester, Mass. He invented the Waterbury watch in 1878, and 
went to Waterbury and helped to organize the Waterbury Watch Com- 
pany, remaining with that company seven years. In 1885 he came to 
Cheshire to superintend the Cheshire Watch Company, with which he 
was connected for two years. In 1888 he organized the D. A. A. Buck 
Company, for the manufacture of toys and novelties. The works of 
this company are at We.st Cheshire. Mr. Buck is president of the 
company. He was married in 1864 and again in 1881. He has two 
children by the first marriage — Nettie M. and Arthur A. — and two by 
the second — Ashley M. and Irving W. Mr. Buck is a member of the 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 717 

Masonic order, and is president of the Republican Club of Cheshire, 
and a member of the Republican League of New Haven. In his 
younger days Mr. Buck invented and built the smallest steam engine 
in the world; engine, boiler and pump stand on a gold dollar. It was 
exhibited at the Centennial Exposition of 1S76, and attracted much 
attention. He has taken out as many as thirty patents on his 
inventions. 

George J. C.\pewell, son of Mark A. Capewell, was born in Bir- 
mingham, England, in 1843. The family reinoved to this country in 
1845, and settled at Woodbury, Conn. The father was the founder of 
the business out of which grew, in later years, the Capewell Manu- 
facturing Compan}' of Woodbury, manufacturers of hunters' goods. 
George J. removed in 1859 to Waterbury, Conn., where he was em- 
ployed by the Scovill Manufacturing Company until 1860. He then 
entered the employ of Charles Johnson, manufacturer of fine machin- 
ery and tools, and continued with him until August, 1862, when he re- 
moved to Cheshire and assumed the duties of mechanical manager of 
the cloth button department of the Cheshire Manufacturing Company. 
About 1866 he invented the self-fastening cone button, the manu- 
facture of which has become an important and profitable industry. 

In the early part of 1870 Mr. Capewell engaged in manufacturing 
goods of his own invention, principally the Capewell Giant Nail 
Puller, an article which has become well known all over the civilized 
world. He also invented a number of other articles previous to 1876, 
when he began experimenting with automatic horse shoe nail ma- 
chinery, on which alone upwards of thirty patents have been granted 
him in this country and Europe. His latest patent on machinery of 
this description was granted in Europe in 1887. Mr. Capewell is vice- 
president and superintendent of the Capewell Horse Shoe Nail Com- 
pany, of Hartford, Conn., capital $200,000. On the 31st of December, 
1889, he organized two companies in England— the Capewell Horse 
Shoe Nail Company (Limited), and the Capewell Continental Patent 
Company (Limited)— and is a director in both these companies. In ad- 
dition to the above he is also interested in several other manufacturing 
industries. 

Mr. Capewell was married March 20th, 1864, to Garafelia Hull of 
Cheshire. Three children have been born to them: Ida G., born in 
1866; Mary A., 1871; and George J., Jr., 1876. In political preference 
Mr. Capewell is a republican, and the family are members of the Epis- 
copal church. 

Edw.\rl) Augustus Cornwall.— For nearly a hundred years the 
Cornwall family has been identified with the affairs of Cheshire, the 
subject of this .sketch being in his lifetime one of its foremost citi- 
zens. The ancestor of the family in this town and the father of Ed- 
ward A., was Doctor Thomas Tryon Cornwall, who located here as 
a medical practitioner in 1794. He was a son of Abijah Cornwall, 



718 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

one of three brothers who emigrated from England in the last cen- 
tury and settled in Portland, Conn. In his practice here he was very 
succe.ssful, especially in the treatment of cancer, his fame bringing 
him patients from all parts of the state and from New York. To 
properly accommodate them he built, in 1816, a large house, a part of 
which was used as a sanitarium. In a remodelled condition this 
building is now the house of his great-grandson. Doctor Edward T. 
Cornwall. 

Not many years after his location in Cheshire Doctor Thomas Tryon 
Cornwall married Lucinda Foote, the talented daughter of Reverend 
John Foote, the second minister of the Congregational church in the 
town. This young lady was so highly educated by her father that, at 
the age of twelve years, she passed a preliminary examination for ad- 
mission into Yale, from whose instruction she was debarred by her 
sex. Her certificate, signed by President Ezra Stiles of Yale, showing 
that she was mentally qualified to enter the college classes, has been 
preserved by the Cornwall family, and is a curious relic. Of ten 
children born to this couple, but four attained mature age, viz.: Doctor 
John A., a practitioner in Hamden and Cheshire, who died in 1825, 
aged 28 years; Lucinda, who deceased as the wife of Doctor Charles 
Shelton, of Cheshire; Abigail, who died at the age of twenty years; 
and Edward Augustus, born November 21st, 1802, an account of whose 
life follows. 

Edward A. was educated at the Cheshire Academy, and was de- 
signed by his father for the medical profession. Ill health compelled 
him to relinquish that purpose, and he became a farmer at the village 
of Cheshire. For many years, however, nearly all his time was de- 
voted to public affairs. On the 11th of September, 1825, he married 
Eunice, daughter of Abijah and Jemima (Cornwall) Beach, of Chesh- 
ire, and after 64 years of married life she survives him. He died July 
31st, 1889, full of honors and years. Four children were born to them, 
but one only reached the years of youth and manhood: Thomas Ed- 
ward, born December 8th, 1836, and died May 15th, 1873. The latter 
was married September 21st, 1857, to Mary E. Rice (born April 6th, 
1838), and they were the parents of Doctor Edward Thomas, born Sep- 
tember 22d, 1858; and Mary E., born February 23d, 1865. 

Judge Edward A. Cornwall was honored by his townsmen to an 
unusual extent. He filled nearly all the minor offices of the town, 
and served as clerk fourteen years, treasurer sixteen years, and select- 
man ten years. He was judge of the probate district of Cheshire nine 
years. His service as a notary public extended from 1833 until his 
death. He was also a county commissioner one term, and was elected 
as a representative from Cheshire in the state legislature in 1831, '32, 
'33, '44, and again in '7:? and '74. In the session of 1833 his associate 
member was John A. Foote, son of Governor Foote, and after fifty 
years, in 1883, these two ex-legislators visited the house of represen- 




{<? cL-(_cr Clyx S- ^ UMn'-T^ t^J Cu 




" HISTORY OK NEW HAVEX COUNTY. 719 

tatives. The event was so rare that body took note of it, passing reso- 
lutions congratulating the happy occurrence, and presented copies of 
the same to these aged visitors. In 1837 he served as state senator 
from the Sixth senatorial district, in all these offices acquitting him- 
self to the satisfaction of his constituents. So favorably was he known 
and so well was his judgment esteemed that the superior court of the 
state appointed him 35 times to act in cases of arbitration. His neigh- 
bors manifested equal confidence in his business qualifications and 
integrity by entrusting him with the settlement of l.W estates, some 
of them involving large amounts of money and requiring most pru- 
dent management. In all these affairs every interest entrusted to him 
was well preserved. Few men in the town enjoyed public confidence 
to a greater degree or were more frequently consulted in private 
affairs than he. His convictions on all matters were clear and strong, 
and he expressed himself so tersely that his views generall}' carried 
conviction with them. In his habits he was methodical, industrious 
and frugal, which enabled him to acquire a competency. 

Judge Cornwall was a democrat of the Jeffersonian school, and like 
that great statesman, firmly believed in the right of the people to 
govern themselves, which, coupled with his sturdy nature, was one of 
the attributes of his popularity among his townsmen. He was a mem- 
ber of the Congregational church, in which, and the society support- 
ing it, he held various offices. 

Doctor Edward T. Cornwall, born in Cheshire September 2'2d. 
1858, is a son of Thomas E. and grandson of Doctor Edward T. Corn- 
wall. His preliminary education was received at the Episcopal Acad- 
emy in Cheshire and at the Abbott School, Hartford. In 1877 he com- 
menced the study of medicine under Prof. Henry B. Sands. In 1881 
he graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New 
York. He commenced the practice of medicine in the fall of 1881 at 
Meriden, Conn., where he remained until the fall of 1884. He then 
came to Cheshire and has practiced here since. Doctor Cornwall is a 
member of the New Haven County and State Medical societies. He 
is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. In 1881 he was 
married to vSarah A. Morse, of Cheshire. They have one son. The 
doctor is a democrat, and has served one term in the legislature. 

Alexander Doolittle, born in Cheshire in 1824, is a son of Amos, 
grandson of Amos and great-grandson of Amos, all natives of Chesh- 
ire. This is one of the pioneer families of Cheshire. The Doolittles 
were all Episcopalians except Alexander, who is a Congregationalist. 
In his )'ounger days he worked at manufacturing oyster kegs for 
nearly 20 years, since which time he has followed farming. He was 
educated in the Episcopal Academy in Cheshire. He has held all the 
town offices except town clerk. In 1849 he married Mary A. Andrews, 
of Wallingford. They have three children: Judson A., born 1853, 
married Nellie F. Baldwin, and is engaged as civil engineer in Wood- 



720 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

lawn Cemetery, New York; Emma C, born 1856: and Edgar B., born 
1858, a physician practicing in Pennsylvania. 

Ira A. Doolittle, born in Cheshire in 1829, is a son of Levi and 
Esther Doolittle, who had ten children, nine ot whom are living. 
Adolphus died in 1875, leaving a family of seven children. Three 
brothers live on the old homestead in Cheshire— Levi, Leonard and 
Ira A. Ira A. was educated in the common schools of Cheshire and 
at the Episcopal Academy of Cheshire. He married Margaret A., 
daughter of Eben and Lucy (Barnes) Frisbie. They have one daugh- 
ter, Julia E., who is married to Charles B. Wallace, and has two sons: 
Bennie A. and Walter D. The family are members of the Congrega- 
tional church of Plantsville. 

Leonard Doolittle, born in 1827, is a son of Levi and grandson of 
Ezra, all born in Cheshire. Levi Doolittle died in 1875. By his wife, 
Esther Tuttle, he had ten children, nine of whom are living. Leonard, 
the third son, was educated at the common school of Cheshire. He 
has been twice married: first to Mary Bristol, who died in 1856. His 
second wife was Marietta Hotchkiss, of Cheshire, whom he married 
May 26th, 1857. They have three children: William A., Emma E.and 
Louise S. Mr. and Mrs. Doolittle are members of the Advent church 
of Southington, Conn. 

John L. Foote, born in 1817 in Cheshire, is a son of Doctor William 
L. Foote. He was educated in the Episcopal Academy of Cheshire. 
He was the youngest of six children, three of whom are now living in 
Cheshire: John L., Abigail H., born 1808, married Edward Doolittle, 
of Brooklyn, N. Y. (he died in 1837, since which time she has lived in 
Cheshire with her brother, John L.); and Eliza S., born in 1812. John 
L. Foote commenced business in Cheshire in the drug trade when 14 
years old, and had not missed a day up to 1889. Doctor William L. 
Foote practiced medicine in Cheshire about 40 years and was a very 
prominent physician in his day. He died in 1849. He was a brother 
to Governor Foote, of Cheshire. 

Ralph H. Guilford, born in Massachusetts in 1820. was a son of 
Micah and brother of Timothy Guilford. He came to Cheshire in 
1850 from \Vaterbury, where he had been working in the button fac- 
tory. He helped establii-h the Cheshire Manufacturing Company, and 
was the die sinker a number of years. At the time of his death, in 
188G, he was superintendent and secretary of the company. He mar- 
ried Martha A. Tolles, of Plymouth, Conn, in 1851. They have had 
two sons and three daughters: Emma J., died 1856; Irving T., died 
1881: Annie A., Mary L. and Thomas H. Mr. Guilford was a Free- 
mason. He was a strong temperance man and took great interest in 
temperance work. He was a member of the Episcopal church in 
Cheshire, and was warden, secretary and treasurer of the society at 
the time of his death. 

Timothy Guilford, born in Waterbury, Conn., in 1828, is a son of 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 721 

Micah Guilford, born in Williamsburgh, Mass. He had three sons who 
grew to manhood: Ralph H., Timothy and William O. Timothy Guil- 
ford was educated in the common schools and academy at Waterbury. 
He served an apprenticeship at tool making for the manufacture of cloth 
buttons. He came to Cheshire in 1859 and engaged with the Cheshire 
Manufacturing Company; was foreman of the cloth button depart- 
ment, making the tools for the manufacture of the same. He intro- 
duced an improved method for the manufacture of the.se button.s. In 
1862 he assisted in enrolling a military company in Cheshire, and was 
elected captain of the same. The company was assigned to the 20th 
Connecticut Regiment, which participated in the great battles of Vir- 
ginia. He led his company in the battles of Chancellor.sville and Get- 
tysburgh. This regiment was transferred to the army of the Cumber- 
land in the fall of 1863. He served until the spring of 1864, when he 
was discharged on account of ill health. He was next employed by 
the Waterbury Button Company to add the manufacturing of cloth 
buttons to their business. He was manager there for five years. In 
1878 he engaged in the manufacture of a button made from pressed 
hoof. The company was located in Leominster, Mass. Under his 
management the business was a success, and in 1880 was removed to 
Babylon, Long Island, that it might be nearer to New York city. He 
is still connected with it. He was married in 1856 to Harriet J., 
daughter of Samuel Taylor, of Waterbury. They are both members 
of the Episcopal church of Cheshire. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. 
of Waterbury. 

Samuel Hitchcock, born in Cheshire in 1813, is a son of Joseph 
Hitchcock, also born in Cheshire. Samuel was brought up on a farm 
and when 19 years old engaged in the mercantile trade, following that 
business until about 1860. He later engaged in manufacturing sus- 
penders, built the large factory at West Cheshire, and operated it as 
the Hitchcock Manufacturing Company. The factory was sold to the 
American Braid Company, and they afterward added the manufacture 
of vegetable ivory buttons. Mr. Hitchcock had the entire charge of 
these industries. He retired from active business in 1882. He was 
married in 1835, to Lucy S. Bradley, of Cheshire. They lost their ]a.st 
child in October, 1889. They celebrated their golden wedding in 
1885. 

Reverend S.^nforu J.\ckson Horton, D. D., widely known as 
the honored principal of Cheshire Academy and as an able minister of 
the Episcopal church, was born in Franklin, Mass., September 24th, 
1817. His father, Jabez Horton, a respected farmer of that town, was 
a son of Comfort Horton, of Rehoboth, Mass., who was a descendant 
of one of several Horton brothers who came from England to America 
at an early day. There is a tradition that from this same stock of 
Hortons originated the families of Haughton and Houghton, the name 
being changed or perverted to the latter forms. In England the fam- 
4.-> 



722 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

ily held a respectable position, and there is in that country a neat 
village bearing that name. His mother was Martha Miller, a daugh- 
ter of Philip Miller, also of the town of Rehoboth, and sister of Doctor 
Nathaniel Miller, who removed to Franklin, where he became one of 
the most distinguished physicians and surgeons in that part of the 
state, and was for many years the vice-president of the Massachusetts 
Medical Society. Others of the Millers also became prominent in 
professional life, and the family is one of the oldest in that portion of 
Massachusetts and Rhode Island. Jabez and Martha Horton reared 
seven children, vSanford J. being their youngest child, and is now the 
only survivor. 

Early in his youth Doctor Horton evinced an inclination for pro- 
fessional life, and it was determined that he should be thoroughly 
educated. He prepared for college partly in Franklin Academy, but 
completed his studies for that end in the Worcester High School. 
Having increased his knowledge and experience meantime by teach- 
ing school himself, he entered Trinity College, at Hartford, from which 
he was graduated in ]S43; and in 1869 that institution bestowed upon 
him the degree of D. D., which he had well earned and which he has 
worthily honored. After leaving college he began preparation for the 
work of the ministry by studying theology in the Episcopal Semin- 
ary at Alexandria, Va., completing that course in two years. In 
August, 1845, he was ordained as deacon in the Protestant Episcopal 
church, in Providence, R. I., and as priest, in the same place, in 1846. 
In the same year he became rector of St. Andrew's chtirch (now the 
All Saint's Memorial church), at Providence. From 1848 to 1852 he 
was the rector of Grace church. New Bedford, Mass., and the next ten 
years succeeding he was the rector of St. Paul's church, in Windham, 
Conn. The last rectorship ended his active work in the ministry, buf 
he subsequently preached many times, in connection with his other 
duties, his discourses being thoughtful, vigorous and effective. Sev- 
eral of them, delivered on special occasions, have been published. As 
a minister he is esteemed a sound theologian, an able sermonizer and 
a pleasing and fluent speaker. The latter aptitude has well served 
him in his various addresses on many subjects not in the domain of 
his professional work, at meetings held in Cheshire and other places. 
On such occasions his speech has been most favorably heard, and was a 
potent factor in the cause in which it was evoked. 

Having been elected principal of the Episcopal Academy at Chesh- 
ire, Doctor Horton resigfned his charge at Windham and assumed his 
new duties January 1st, 1862, since which time he has been a citizen of 
this town. In this position he has achieved most creditable and note- 
worthy success. Under his energetic and prudent administration, 
continued more than thirty years, this old academy, founded in 1794, 
not only recovered its former prestige, which had given it local dis- 
tinction, but it became one of the foremost institutions of the kind 




%■£ 




HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 723 

m the entire southern part of New England. The number of stu- 
dents was increased four-fold, and the nature of the buildings was 
almost completely changed, being now one of the most e.xtensive and 
best equipped academies in the state. 

In his capacity as principal of the Cheshire Academy, Doctor Hor- 
ton has acquitted himself a wise teacher, a skillful disciplinarian and 
most efficient manager, his worth and merits being lovingly cherished 
by hosts of young men who have gone from this institution, half a 
score or more having completed its course yearly. His practical 
knowledge and able discernment enabled him to select an experienced 
corps of teachers, who loyally assisted him in thoroughly imparting 
the elements of an education which have made it possible for a large 
proportion of the former students to become successful professional 
and business men; and through the benevolent aid and kindly offices 
of Doctor Horton a number of deserving poor young men have also 
gone forth, well equipped for the duties of life. Their success is suf- 
ficient proof that his charity was not misapplied, and he has thus 
already received some of the rewards of a faithful teacher. Near 
the close of his 30th year he tendered his resignation as principal, to 
take effect July 1st, 1892. 

Doctor Horton has found time, amidst his duties as an educator, 
to cultivate his love for literary pursuits, and he has contributed a 
number of articles for current periodicals. His genius for poetry, 
although cultivated only to a limited degree, has found expression in 
some beautiful poems, several of which have been published and have 
been well appreciated. Especially fine is his poem, " The Real and 
the Ideal," dedicated to his friend and co-laborer in the cause of edu- 
cation, the Reverend Charles William Everest, which was published 
in 1877, but which was first read before the alumni of Trinity College, 
June 27th, 1866. His " Centennial Poem " and " Centennial Hymn," 
read November 11th, 1890, to the members of Temple Lodge of 
Masons (of which order he is also a member), are masterpieces in 
beauty of diction and clearness of expression, as the following lines 
from the poem and the hymn will show: 

" One hundred years ! No force can mortal bring 
To check the speed of time's on-sweeping wing, 
Gone like a meteor, from the pathless skies. 
A flash, and vanished from our wondering eyesi 
How brief a century to our sight appears 
Set side by side with God's eternal years; 
Or measured onward in the time to be, 
By countless ages that are ours to see! 
One Hundred Years! How short indeed the span. 
Compared with thousands since the world began! 
By centuries count we, as on hi.story's page 
We read the record of each passing age. 
Scan each event in panorainic view. 
The old soon passes, swiftly comes the new .'" 



724 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

" O, God, our strength, whose gtiiding hand 
Through all our life appears, 
On Thee, alone, our hopes depend 
And wait the coming years. 

" Though ceaseless roll the wheels of time. 
Obedient to Thy will. 
As centuries come and centuries go, 
Thou art unchanging still. 

" Thy love Divine can never fail, . 
But, like a fountain's flow, 
Shall constant spread its streams around 
And all its gladness know. 

" The years eternal, God, are Thine, 
In this we rest secure, 
That Justice, Truth and Charity 
Most evermore endure." 

Reverend S. J. Horton, D.D., wa.s twice married. He wa.s first 
joined in wedlock September 14th, 1846, to Annie E., daughter of 
Pa.schal Allen, of Warren, Rhode Island, who died September 18th, 
1850, leaving two sons: Paschal, born February 2d, 1848, educated at 
Cheshire and Brown University, now resides at Saugus, Mass.; and 
Nelson Leprelitte, born August 1st, 1850, living in Boston. For his 
second wife Doctor Horton married x\pril 20th, 1852, Sarah vS., 
daughter of James S. Wickham, of Hartford, Conn., by whom he had 
two children: a daughter, Mary Elizabeth, born ^lay 30th, 1859, who 
died June 7th, 1868, a most beautiful and lovable child; and a son, 
William Wickham, M. D., born November 8th, 1854. He was educated 
at Cheshire and the New York Medical University. Having inherited 
the Miller talent for surgery, he has become a very successful practi- 
tioner. He is now located at Bristol, Conn. 

In his relations to the community, where for a score and a half of 
years Reverend Doctor Horton has resided, he has shown himself a 
public-spirited citizen, and has thoroughly identified himself with the 
best interests of this town. He has actively promoted the improve- 
ment of Cheshire, aiding its material development by building up his 
own property, and encouraged the location and operation of manu- 
facturing industries, to afford occupation for his fellow townsmen. 
He is esteemed a just man and a kind neighbor, and the popular re- 
gard shown for him by the hundreds of students he has instructed, 
and who have gone abroad, is also felt by those who come in contact 
with him at his home. 

Henry Holchkiss, born in Prospect, Conn., September 24th, 1812, 
is a son of Dyer Hotchkiss, also born in Prospect. Dyer moved to 
Naugatuck when Henry was one and one-half years old. The latter 
stayed with his father until he was 23 years old, when he married 
Rosett Beecher, of Naugatuck, and moved to Sharon, Conn. He was 




O^- 



d?-91^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 725 

engaged in hauling ore and iron there seven j'ears. Through the 
rascality of his employer he lost all his earnings, and left there $800 
in debt. He removed to Waterbury, and engaged in teaming between 
that place and New Haven for eight years, and during that time paid 
his debts, and was able to move to Cheshire in 1853, and buy a farm 
there. In 1864 he moved to the farm on which he now resides, and 
contracted with the vStamford Manufacturing Company to draw the 
baryta from the mines to the railroad. He was thus engaged until 
1873. During the first two years he drew 1,000 tons a month, for 
which he received from 75 to 95 cents a ton. He carted coal back 
from the railroad to the mines, receiving the same price per ton. He 
has had seven children. One son died in the army. 

Daniel Humiston was born in Cheshire September 23d, 1788. He 
was a son of Jesse and Lois (Doolittle) Humiston, who were descend- 
ants of early settlers in Wallingford, and had two sisters and two 
brothers: Lois, who died aged 20 years; Alma, who married Samuel 
Hall; Jesse A. and John, all of whom deceased in Cheshire, where the 
family became well known. 

At the age of three years young Daniel received a physical in- 
jury which it was thought would unfit him for the active work of farm 
life, when it was determined to prepare him for a profession. He now 
pursued a thorough course in the Episcopal Academ}^ of his native 
town, from which he graduated at the age of 17, his scholarship being 
highly commended by his teachers and classmates. His ailment 
having, meantime, much improved, he resolved to engage in farming, 
to which occupation he was always partial. He industriously pursued 
that vocation as his lifework, and was rewarded with a fair measure 
of success. When 28 years of age, June 16th, 1816, he married Juliana, 
a daughter of Jared and Achsah (Doolittle) Ives, also of Cheshire, and 
located on a farm of his own, in the southwestern part of the town, 
three miles from his father's homestead. Here, after a long but 
quiet life of usefulness, he died October 22d, 1865. His wife preceded 
him in death, December 23d, 1833. They had a family of three chil- 
dren: Chauncey I., who resided on the home farm until his death, 
November 11th, 1884; John D., who was a business man in New York 
city, where he died January 19th, 1867: and Julia A., the only daughter 
and surviving member of the family, who is now the owner of the 
homestead. 

Daniel Humi.ston was a modest, unobtrusive man, with no inclina- 
tion for public life, but his townsmen, appreciating his good qualities, 
called him to .serve in various offices, and in 1840 elected him as one 
of their representatives in the state legislature. In politics he was 
a whig, and later a republican. Mr. Humiston was reared a church- 
man, and until his death v/as a leading member of St. Peter's parish 
of Cheshire. He served on the board of vestrymen and for many 
years was the parish clerk. In the welfare of the church he was 



726 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

warmly interested, and conformed his life to its precepts. In all his 
dealings he had the esteem of his fellow men, who loved and honored 
him for his force of character. The example of life richly deserves 
imitation, for the world is always made better by having in it such 
men as was Daniel Humiston. 

George R. Ives, born in Cheshire in 1841, is a sou of Charles Ives, 
whose children were: George R., Charles E., Mary C. and Lucy M. 
George R., the eldest, was brought up on the farm, and for a number 
of years worked at farming with his father. When 26 years old he 
commenced the business of market gardening, which he followed until 
1884, when he gave it up on account of ill health and moved to the 
village of Cheshire. He was married in 1867, to Grace A. Hart, of 
Wallingford, Conn. They have one adopted son. Herbert D., born in 
1874. Mr. Ives has served one term in the legislature, and has been 
selectman six years. 

Titus B. Ives, of Cheshire, is a descendant in line of John Ives, 
one of the first planters of Wallingford. One of his sons, Joseph, 
born in 1672, located in the southwestern part of the old Wallingford 
" West Farms," now Cheshire, in 1694, and was one of the very first 
settlers of this town. He was a deacon of the first church organized 
here, and in his day one of the leading and most useful men. His 
son, Joseph, was the father of sons named vStephen and Titus (the 
third generation in Cheshire). The latter was born in 1747 and died 
while a soldier in the revolution, at Harlem, in 1777. He left three 
sons: Joseph, Chauncey and Titus, who was the grandfather of Titus 
B. Ives. 

In 1796 Titus Ives married a daughter of the above Stephen Ives, 
and of their family of ten children six grew to mature years: Benajah, 
Joel, Stephen, Luther, Augustus and a daughter, who married Samuel 
"h. Hickox. The oldest son, Benajah, born February 26th, 1798, be- 
came one of the most usefiil men of the town in the present century, 
and was very influential. 

Benajah Ives was married to Mary A., daughter of Samuel Ufford 
Beach, of Cheshire, and lived in the Ives homestead, built in 1796, 
which was burned to the ground January 11th, 1891. For many years 
he carried on farming and the manufacture of oyster kegs, being suc- 
cessful in both occupations. He died much lamented July 29th, 1868; 
his widow, Mary A., deceased September 3d, 1879, at the ripe age of 
80 years. Three of their children lived beyond the years of youth: 
Titus B., Frederick A., v^'ho died July 14th, 1858, aged 20 years; and 
Caroline, who married William Allen. 

Benajah Ives was a man of good spirits and many excellent parts. 
He was enterprising, active and possessed a fine judgment of affairs. 
The.se traits commended him to his townsmen, who called him to fill 
many offices of honor and trust. In addition to his services in many 
town offices, he was elected to the state legislature, as a representative 




:Et^flyT.aXe''Ma\f^- 



/2 Jh>^^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 727 

from Cheshire, six terms, from 1828 to 1839, and was chosen state 
senator in 1840. By his associates in these bodies he was highly es- 
teemed. The superior court also appointed him a number of times to 
serve on boards of arbitration, and his advice on other matte'-s was 
much regarded. In the Congregational church and society he took an 
active interest and was one of the committee which selected the site 
for the present meeting hou.se. He also served these bodies in vari-' 
ous official capacities, and in every moral movement was on the side 
of truth and right. 

The only surviving son of Benajah Ives, Titus B., was born Febru- 
ary 26th, 1828, and spent his boyhood days on his father's farm, but 
since the early years of his manhood has been engaged in manufac- 
turing in his native town. On the first of June, 1857, he married Ann 
Eliza, daughter of John and Mary (Thompson) Peck, and they reared 
one son and one daughter: Frederick A., born March 21st, I860: 
and Mary C, born August 14th, 1863. 

Mr. Ives was one of the original subscribers to the capital stock 
of the Cheshire Manufacturing Company and at its organization, in 
1850, became one of the directors. He has since served in that 
capacity and since 1885 has akso been the treasurer and superin- 
tendent. His son, Frederick A., is the secretary of the company, 
whose existence has been so long continued. 

Mr. Ives being of honest, publicspirited lineage, has preserved 
in his nature the best characteristics of his ancestors. He became 
an active member of the Congregational church and has served the 
town when it would best advance its welfare. His disposition has 
made him averse to public life, but he has been urged to fill a 
number of offices of trust and was elected by a republican con- 
stituency to the state legislature in 1870, 1876 and 1878. 

George Keeler, born in Ridgefiel^, Conn., in 1831, is the third 
son of Jeremiah and Hannah (Smith) Keeler. At the age of 15 
years he began to learn the tinner's trade and finished at the age 
of 20. He first worked at Brewster Station, N. Y., a short time, 
then went to Waterbury, where he remained about five years, work- 
ing at his trade. In 1858 he came to Cheshire, where he has since 
resided. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the war of the rebellion, 
and served two and one-half years in the 20th Connecticut Volun- 
teers. In 1886 he added undertaking to his business and formed a 
partnership with his son, George W., under the firm style of George 
Keeler & Son. Mr. Keeler was married March 30th, 1858, to Sarah 
E. Ells, of Ansonia, Conn. They have ihree children: George W., 
Edwin J. and Mary L. Mr. and Mrs. Keeler are members of the 
Congregational church of Cheshire. 

J.\MES Lanyon was born in the parish of Ludgvan, County of 
Cornwall, in England, May 6th, 1817. He was a son of William and 
Mary Lanyon, who died in that parish, aged, re.spectively, 81 and 80 



■*. 




-^z 




A 



T^^z-*^-*^ -^^^^^"^^ 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 729 

interests of his employers. He had, moreover, the rare faculty of suc- 
cessfully managing large numbers of unorganized men, so as to hold 
their good will, and was by them, as well as by his townsmen, greatly 
esteemed. 

Herbert J. Moss, born in Cheshire in 1856, is a son of Julius, and 
grandson of Joel, all natives of Cheshire. The family have been con- 
nected with the Episcopal church in Cheshire since 1700. Herbert J. 
was brought up a farmer and followed that business until he was 27 
years old. He then engaged in the ice trade, and in 1884 he added 
the coal trade. His office is at the depot, West Cheshire. He handles 
about 1,000 tons of coal annually and 700 tons of ice. In 1879 he was 
married to Minnie A., daughter of Merwin Hemingway, of North 
Haven. They have three children: Walter H., Mildred H. and 
Beatrice G. 

Levi Munson, born in Cheshire in 1814, is the eldest .son of Levi 
Munson. He was educated at the common schools of Cheshire, and 
learned the wagon-maker's trade. He was clerk in the store of Wil- 
liam Horton about one year, after which he bought out the store and 
hotel where the Wallace House now stands. The Wallace House, now 
owned by Mr. Munson, was built by his son-in-law, F. L. Wallace. Mr. 
Munson has always been a successful business man, and has done much 
to build up the business of Cheshire. He has had five children, three 
of whom are now living: Tenna E., married to Frank L. Wallace; 
Irene D., married to J. C. Mathews, of New York; and Tilton D., who 
is married and has one son, Tilton L. 

William H. Newell, born in 1823 in Tinmouth. Rutland county, 
Vt., came to Cheshire with his father at the age of three years, and 
with the exception of four years has resided there since. He has been 
twice married; first to Amanda P. Blakeslee, who died in less than a 
year. His second wife was Orpha A. Buckmaster, of Shrewsbury, Vt. 
They were married in 1852 and have two daughters, Orpha and Mary. 
Mr. Newell has been engaged in blacksmithing most of his life. He 
was station agent two years. He has been ju.stice of the peace and 
constable in the town of Cheshire. Both Mr. and Mrs. Newell are 
members of the Congregational church of Cheshire, and he has been 
a member nearly 50 years. 

Joseph H. Rogers, born in Lyme, Conn., in 1804, is a son of James 
Rogers, who was a native of New London. Jo.seph was a self-edu- 
cated man. He began teaching school in his native town when 17 
years old, and five years later he removed to New Haven, where he 
was engaged in teaching a boarding school fifteen years. In 1849 he 
took a voyage around Cape Horn, which he remembers with much 
pleasure, as he visited .several points of interest in South America and 
the gold mines in California. He went to Oregon in 1852 and re- 
mained there 20 years teaching. He was offered the highest position 
in two of the Oregon colleges, and a similar one in California. In 



730 HISTORY OF NSW HAVEN COUNTY. 

1879 he returned to Cheshire, where he built the house he now occu 
pies. He married, in 1837, Julia Upson, of Cheshire. They have two 
children: Joseph A., of Washington, D. C; and Julia C, who married 
Major G. W. Baird of the U. S. army. 

Alonzo E. Smith, born in Cheshire in 1835, is a son of Or.son and 
Lydia A. Smith. He was educated in the common schools and the 
Episcopal Academy of Cheshire. He commenced learning the car- 
penter's trade when 17 years old, and has followed it .since, with the 
exception of seven years, during which he was engaged in the manu- 
facturing business in Yalesville and Middletown, Conn. He has held 
the office of assessor of taxes and first selectman, represented the town 
in the legislature of 1872, was elected judge of probate in 1883, and is 
still serving in that office. His district comprises the towns of Chesh- 
ire and Prospect. He enlisted as private in Co. A, 20th Regiment, in 
August, 1862, and participated in all the marches and engagements of 
that regiment. He served to the close of the war, and was mustered 
out as sergeant. He was in the battles of Chancellorsville and Geitys- 
burgh with the army of the Potomac, and was transferred with his 
regiment to the army of the Cumberland, and was in the campaign of 
Chattanooga to Atlanta and Sherman's march to the sea. He was 
twice married; first in 1859, to Cynthia Tolles, of Plymouth. Shedied 
in 1860. His second wife was Mary A. Simons, of Cheshire, whom he 
married in 1861. They have two sons and two daughters. His grand- 
father, Thomas Judd, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was wounded 
in the battle of Lundy's Lane. His great-grandfather, Stephen Judd, 
was a soldier in the revolutionary war. 

Charles S. Spaulding, born in Norfolk, Conn., in 1837, is a son of 
Frederick A. Spaulding, a native of Massachusetts. Charles S. learned 
the trade of carpenter and builder when a young inan, and worked at 
that business until October, 1861, when he enlisted in the war of the 
rebellion, in Company E, 11th Regiment Connecticut Volunteers. His 
regiment was first assigned to Burnside's Coast Expedition. They 
were afterward detached and served some time in Peck's division, and 
were later transferred to the 18th Corps, and served in the department 
of Virginia. Mr. .Spaulding was discharged June 1st, 1865, on account 
of a wound through the left, side, received at the battle of Drury's 
Bluff. He took part in the battles of Newbern and Fredericksburg, 
and the siege of Suffolk; also in several skirmishes up the James river. 
After his discharge he was unable to work for four years, after which 
he again engaged in mechanical work in Thomaston. In December, 
1885, he came to Cheshire, bought a farm, and has since resided here. 
He married Grace L. Merrill, of Thomaston, in 1875. They have three 
children: Jesse G., Anna M. and Ethel M. 

Franklin Wallace, bom in Prospect, Conn., in 1827, is a son of 
James and Urania Wallace. James was born in Massachu.setts, married 
in Prospect and .settled there. Franklin followed farming and team- 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 731 

ing from Waterbury to Wallingford while he was in Prospect. James 
had nine children. The eldest, Robert, was a member of the firm of 
Wallace & Sons, manufacturers of silver ware in Wallingford. Frank- 
lin enlisted in the war of the rebellion in Company A, 20th Regiment 
Connecticut Volunteers. After serving seven months he was dis- 
charged on account of disability. He moved to Cheshire in 1858. He 
married, in 1845, Fanny Hall, of Wallingford, and they have three 
children: Lucy H., married Edwin R. Lawton, of New Haven; Frank- 
lin L., married Tina, daughter of Levi Munson; and Kate U., married 
Walter Mix, of Cheshire. 



CHAPTER XIII. 
THE TOWN OF PROSPECT. 



Geographical and Descriptive. — Civil Organization. — Town Officers. — The Roads. — Town 
Poor. — Business Interests. — Educational and Religious Interests — Biographical 
Sketches. 



THIS town was taken from Cheshire and Waterbur}', and was in- 
corported in 1827. For a number of years previous to that 
time it was known as the parish of Columbia. The present 
name was given in consequence of the town's elevated position, the 
many points of highland affording a prospect view, excelled nowhere 
in the county. The general surface has a mountainous aspect, with 
an appearance of sterility. Huge boulders crop out on every hand, 
and although some of the lands have been tilled more than a hun- 
dred years, there are but a few fields which are free from stones. A 
limited area has productive soil, where .some good crops are produced. 
Grazing and orchard products give occupation to many of the inhabi- 
tants of the town, whose population has steadily decreased. In 1880 
there were 492 inhabitants, or only about one-half the number living 
in the town at the time of its organization; in 1890, 445. 

Prospect is about five miles long, from north to south, and a little 
more than four miles wide. Its principal stream is the Ten Mile river, 
rising near the center and flowing east and north through Cheshire 
into the Quinnipiac. It drains the lands between the Prospect hills 
and Cheshire mountains, which form the eastern boundary. In the 
northeastern part of the town its course is precipitous, and a number 
of .small water powers are afforded. West of the center hills Fulling 
Mill and Beacon Hill brooks receive the principal drainage, flowing 
thence into the Naugatuck river. Along these streams are the prin- 
cipal highways, which afford communication with the adjoining towns: 
Waterbury on the north, Cheshire on the east, and Naugatuck on the 
west. From the center it is five miles to the railway points in each of 
these towns. In 1888 the Meriden & Waterbury railroad was built 
through the northeastern part of Prospect, and a station having the 
name of the town, was there located. On the same road, near the 
Cheshire line, a pleasure resort for picnic purposes was also opened 
about the same time. 

The early history of the town is intimately blended with that of 
Waterbury and Cheshire, to which the reader is referred. The 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 733 

names of pioneer settlers appear in those towns and in the history 
of the churches. 

The May, 1827, general assembly, acting on the petition of the 
society of Columbia, filed the preceding month, granted corporate 
privileges, and created the town with the same bounds as those which 
the society had at that time. Samuel Peck was the moderator at the 
first election, held at the Congregational meeting house, June 11th, 
1827, when the following were chosen: Town clerk, Edward Chitten- 
den; selectmen, Jared Burr, David Scott, Albert Hoppin; constables, 
Orrin Hotchkiss, Franklin D. Benham, Robert H. Bron,son, Andrew 
Smith: grand jurors, Gideon M. Hotchkiss, Lauren Preston, Eldad 
Hotchkiss, Jr.: pound keepers, Joseph Payne, David Scott, Guy Per- 
kins: town agents, Samuel Peck, Joseph I. Doolittle; treasurer, David 
Scott; sealer of weights, Isaac Bradley; sealer of measures, Ephraim 
Nettleton; fence viewers, Joseph Beecher, Lyman Hitchcock; assessors, 
Joseph L Doolittle, Benjamin Bronson, Benjamin Piatt; surveyors of 
highways, Stephen Bradley, Samuel Williams, Jr., Gideon M. Hotch- 
kiss, Samuel Peck, Ransom R. Russell, Olcott H. Payne, Garrett Gil- 
lett, Joel Brooks. Jared Burr, Esq., was appointed agent to assist the 
selectmen in settling affairs with Waterbury and Cheshire. 

Those elected to the office of town clerk since the organization of 
Prospect have been: 1828-30, Edward Chittenden; 1831, Franklin D. 
Benham; 1832-4, Ozra Collins; 1835-6, Aaron Austin; 1837-47, James 
vStreet; 1848-61, Samuel C. Bronson; 1862, Edwin R. Tyler; 1863-4, 
William M. Atwater; 1865, David Hawley; 1866-80, Richard Tyler; 
1881, David B. Hotchkiss; 1882-9, David M. Plumb. 

Among those who held the office of selectman have been: Joseph 
Payne, William Mix, Libbeus vSanford, Benjamin Piatt, Isaac Bradley, 
George C. Piatt, Joseph I. Doolittle, Benjamin Bronson, Lauren Pres- 
ton, David R. Wilmot, Gideon M. Hotchkiss, Ransom Russell, Aaron 
Austin, D. M. Hotchkiss, John Gillett, H. D. Ru.ssell, A. S. Plumb, G. 
F. Tyler, D. R. Williams, G. D. Fenn, John R. Piatt, Benjamin Doo- 
little, Merritt Clark, Smith S. Clark, George Payne, H. A. Nettle- 
ton, Harris Piatt, William E. Morris, David B. Hotchkiss, James 
Bottomley. 

Thomas Wilmot moderated at many of the early town meetings. 

The construction and improvement of the roads have engaged the 
attention of the town more than any other matter. The appropria- 
tions for this object have, considering the means of the town, been 
very liberal, and those in care of the roads have generally been the 
leading citizens. The supervisors in 1890 were: Alfred Brooks, George 
D. Fenn, Lourie Richardson, Lewis Wooding, H. N. Clark, James 
Bottomley, Frank Allen, A. S. Plumb, Edgar Wallace, Levi ,Sanford, 
John Cook, Reuben Perkins. 

The care of the poor has required serious consideration. In 1832 
and later the town appointed overseers to look after those who had 



734 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

neglected their affairs, and who were through want, intemperance and 
idleness in danger of becoming; town charges. This means sometimes 

t> too 

proved effectual, but occasionally those supervised in that manner re- 
sented the care forced on them, and refused to submit to the authority 
of the overseers. The outlay for the town poor in 1889 was $225; and 
the expenditure for all purpo.ses was about $2,000. There was a 
funded indebtedness of $1,492, and the rate of taxation was 9^ mills, 
■on a grand list of $162,652. 

At present there is but little occupation aside from the pursuit of 
agriculture. But formerly there were a number of small industries 
in the town which quickened the life of Prospect. Most of these were 
located upon the brooks already named. 

Among the more important ones were those on Ten Mile river (so- 
called), which is in Prospect nothing more than a smart brook. At the 
upper privilege on that stream William Mix had mills below a 24-foot 
fall, in which he also made Britannia ware. In that industry he was 
a pioneer, and was among the first in this country to bring to the aid 
of hand-work machinery which revolutionized old processes. He thus 
first employed a buffing wheel, operated by water power, to burnish 
the spoons and other ware he had cast. The novelty of the process — 
a wheel, so to speak, made of rags, putting on a better polish than 
hand rubbing — caused this little valley to become known as " Rag 
Hollow," by which name it has been known more than sixty years. 
William Mix also made German silver spoons of superior finish, and 
later manufactured metal buttons. He operated until he was an aged 
man, and at one time employed more than a score of persons. In 1890 
this power was but little u.sed. The power next below was improved 
by Harris vSmith and Sherman Blakeslee, in the fall of 1839, also for 
the manufacture of spoons, coffee and tea pots of Britannia metal. 
vSmith soon withdrew, and Blake.slee alone manufactured, selling to 
David Hotchkiss and Robinson Williams. Later Bennet Jeralds and 
Eli Ives had that line of manufacture, from 1849 to 1854, and sold the 
business to Charles Parker, who transferred it to Yalesville. After 
that S. E. Jeralds manufactured a patent hoe ferrule, and associating 
E. R. Lawton with him, manufactured on an extensive .scale various 
kinds of sewing machine needles. At one time that busine.ss gave 
employment to forty people. The last named firm was engaged in a 
small way, in 1890, in manufacturing patent knife handles for the 
Meriden Cutlery Company. 

The power below this was used in the manufacture of matches by 
Wilcox, Tyler & Bronson, Ives & Bagley, and last by E. P. Dunham. 
The power is now but little used. Not far below the latter David R. 
Williams had a shop for the manufacture of suspender buckles and 
other notions, which he carried on several years. The property passed 
to Titus Mix, who had there small mills and shops. 



HISTOKY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 735 

Near the center of the town Harris Smith manufactured umbrella 
trimmings, employing- a numberof people, until the interest declined. 
A more successful enterprise in the village was the hoe shop of Eben 
Tuttle, whose business grew to such proportions that it was transferred 
to Naugatuck to take the benefit of water power at that place. At 
the center the hoes were hammered out by hand, and some of them 
were ground and polished by power at Straitsville. These goods 
had a great reputation, and their manufacture led to important results. 

At and near the center match shops were owned and carried on by 
Richard Tyler, Samuel C. Bronson, Stephen H. Payne, John Bronson 
and others, all of which have long since been given up. Another 
abandoned industry is at Russell's pond, near the Naugatuck line, 
where H. D. Russell and others used the power to produce metal 
buttons, harness and carriage trimmings. With the decay and re- 
moval of these interests began the decline of the town, and there is 
now scarcely occupation for the ordinary mechanic pursuits. 

Although the town had a much larger amount of general business 
than at present, its location has prevented it from having large stores, 
etc. Trade has been confined to small shops, and the public houses 
were never important. A post office bearing the name of the tov.m is 
kept at the center, and has a daily mail from West Cheshire station. 
Among the postmasters have been: vSamnel C. Bronson, Richard Tyler, 
David Hawley, Luther Morse, David B. Hotchkiss and Mrs. Stephen 
A. Talmadge. The town appropriates $52 annually for the support 
of the office. 

At the post office is kepi: theO.Kford Circulating Library.which was 
established mainly through the efforts of Mrs. William H. Phipps. It 
has been open several years, has 220 volumes and is well patronized. 

Provision for schools was early made and the Society of Columbia 
maintamed several in the more thickly settled parts of the pari.sh, 
which were continued by the town. In more recent years but three 
schools have been kept up, each having instruction for thirty weeks 
in the fall and spring of the year. 

Several creditable select schools have been kept in the town, one 
being at the residence of Captain David M. Hotchkiss; another by 
Seabury Scott, at the old Castle tavern stand. Both were well patron- 
ized. 

The early religious history of the town is obscure. About the time 
of the revolution a number of people living on the west .side of Chesh- 
ire mountain complained of the distance they were required to travel 
to attend public worship in Cheshire. Others living more remote 
from the meeting house in Waterbury joined them later in a demand 
for a place of worship more convenient to their homes. The old .soci- 
eties failing to afford them relief, in 1778 a number separated them, 
selves from the Cheshire congregation and built a house of worship of 
their own on Cheshire mountain. They secured as their minister 



736 HISTOKV OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

Reverend John Lewis, who was succeded by Reverend Benjamin 
Beach; and a man named Chatterton preached later. The meeting 
house was rude and was never finished, because there was a lack of 
means and but few members. These were called Scpdrntists, but pre- 
ferred to be known as Strict Congregationalists. This movement led 
to the formation of the Columbia Society and under its direction a 
more central place for a new meeting house was selected. Land on 
Prospect hill was purchased of Abraham Hotchkiss — one acre for a 
meeting house and a smaller quantity for a graveyard. It was deeded 
March 26th, 1795, in the presence of Ira Smith and Enos Tyler. A 
clause in the deed stipulated that if the major part of those using the 
house should be Congregationalists or Calvin ists, they should own the 
land. At this time, however, the majority were not Calvinists. On 
the 3d of March, 1795, the congregation had voted that the meeling 
house should be for the use of the Strict Congregationalists. It was 
long known as the Separatist meeting house, and ministers of other 
denominations sometimes occupied it. The plainness and simplicity 
of this building, which stood on the green, where is now the sign post, 
was .somewhat changed in 1801, when it was put into better shape and 
a steeple with bell added. Pews were also placed in the body of the 
house, in which the people of the society were seated according to 
their rates, as determined by the grand list. 

There appears to have been a steady drift toward regular Congre- 
gationalism, and on the 14th day of May, 1798, was organized the Con- 
gregational Church of Prospect, which body has perpetuated its exist- 
istence to the present time. The sixteen constituent members were 
Ephraim Smith, Joseph Matthews, Abraham Hotchkiss, Ira Smith, 
Eben Hotchkiss, Asahel Hotchkiss, Thankful Smith, Lois Matthews, 
Hannah Hotchkiss, Phebe Hotchkiss, Esther Ford, Mehitable Bying- 
ton, Damaris Tuttle, Oily Byington, Hannah Doolittle and Jerusha 
Hotchkiss. The ministers in attendance on this occasion were the 
Reverends John Foote, of Cheshire; Abraham Fowler, of Salem (Nau- 
gatuck); Benjamin Beach and Oliver Hitchcock. The clerk chosen 
was Ira Smith. 

Soon after this the old Separatist society was dissolved and many 
of the former members w-ere added to the church. In 1799 the addi- 
tions by letter were Frederick Hotchkiss, Tabitha Hotchkiss, Mrs. Ira 
Smith, Mrs. Bildad Porter, Nehemiah Smith, Benjamin Hotchkiss, 
Elizabeth Beecher, Esther Beecher, Myrinda Sanford, Deacon Gideon 
Hotchkiss, Molly Terrell and Elizabeth Tyler. The same year a num- 
ber were added on profession of faith, among them being Lydia 
Beecher, Jonah Hotchkiss and his wife, Robert Hotchki.ss, Mercy 
Hitchcock, Mary Tyler, Joel Hotchki.ss, Wooster Tuttle and Freelove 
Tuttle. In the course of the next few years there were added, among 
other members, John Hotchkiss, Ezra Hotchkiss, Jesse Wilmot and 
J a red Sanford. 



HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 737 

The Reverend Benjamin Beach supplied the new church tempora- 
rily, but, June 5th, 1798, Reverend Oliver Hitchcock was given a call, 
which he accepted. He was installed September 19th, 1798, at a meet- 
ing called for this purpose at the house of Ira Smith, when Doctor 
Trumbull and other prominent ministers were present. 

The church now entered upon its active work. In 1800 it adopted 
the Saybrook platform as part of its creed, to which it rigidly adhered. 
The private lives of the members were made to conform to a severe 
standard of morality and no frivolities of any kind were allowed. Mr. 
Hitchcock was the pastor of the church until January 12th, 1812, and it is 
said had to eke out his salary by laying up stone walls for some of the 
wealthier farmers, being very proficient at that work. It should be 
borne in mind that the parish was small and that not all those living 
in it contributed to the support of the minister. Many of the Separa- 
tists did not connect themselves with the church and declined to pay 
their rates, some preferring to worship with the Methodi.sts and others 
claiming membership with the church at Cheshire. Hence they filed 
their certificates to show their intentions. 

After the removal of Mr. Hitchcock to New York, the piilpit was 
supplied by Reverend David Bacon (father of Leonard Bacon) in 1813; 
Abraham Fowler, one year; Gideon Burt, in 18T5; and John Marsh, 
in 1816. The latter became a noted temperance worker after 1823. 

In May, 1817, Reverend Samuel Rich became the second settled 
pastor. In that year the old parsonage was repaired and a ministerial 
fund of $2,000 raised. This has aided to support the Gospel, and a 
part of the fund is still available. Mr. Rich was a strong-headed but 
nevertheless a successful minister, and while he remained there were 
several revivals, which increased the membership. In 1821 about 
seventy persons were added to the church. He was dismissed in May, 
1824, after an unpleasant controversy in regard to his salary, which, it 
appears, was not fully paid at the time his pastorate ceased. As a 
consequence, there was no regular minister for several years, but only 
occasional preaching. 

On the 16th of May, 1827, Reverend John E. Bray was installed, 
and it is said that the singing and other services on that occasion were 
unusually impressive. He was dismissed in 1832. 

Again the pulpit was supplied by Reverend Peter Sampson, and 
in 1833 by Reverend James D. Chapman. The latter was here but a 
short time, when he became a believer in the doctrines of the Perfec- 
tionist, John H. Noyes, the founder of the Oneida community. Some 
of his members followed him in this belief, and when the Consociation 
revoked his license to preach and closed the pulpit against him, they 
went with him to a school house in the neighborhood, where they 
loyally stood by him. This had the effect of greatly weakening the 
church. Mr. Chapman lived in the town some time, and renouncing 
his Perfection ideas, his license was restored to him, and he preached 
in Wolcott in 1839 and in later years. 



738 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

After Mr. Chapman, the ministers in Prospect were as follows : 
1834-6, Reverend Sylvester Selden; 1836-7, Zephaniah Swift: 1837-9, 
Ammi Linsley; 1840-3, Edward Bull. 

In this period the church was so poor that the aid of the mission- 
ary society was necessary in order to maintain these supplies. During 
the ministry of Reverend Edward Bull, a period of growth began 
which assured the further existence of the church. In 1841 the town 
and the society united in a purpose to build a new meeting house, as 
the old one had become unfit for use. The town built the basement 
and the society, aided freely by Mr. Bull, who was a man of means, 
built the superstructure of the present edifice. A parsonage had been 
begun about the same time, which was completed during the ministry 
of Mr. Torrey. In 1870 the meeting house was thoroughly repaired 
and made more attractive; and again, in 1883, the basement was con- 
verted into a vestry room and a town hall, the repairs involving an 
outlay of $1,000. The parsonage had been fully repaired in 1878. 
Both buildings nicely served their purposes in 1890. 

In June, 1843, Reverend Reuben Torrey began a five years' pas- 
torate as the fourth settled minister, leaving in 1848. Then the pulpit 
was supplied by the following: 1848-9, Reverend John L. Ambler ; 
1851-4, James Kilbourne; 1854-5, Asa M. Train; 1856-7, Joseph Payne; 
1858-9, Asa AI. Train, the second time. 

In October, I860, Reverend William W. Atwater was installed as 
the fifth settled pastor,, and was dismissed January 31st, 1865. The 
following year Reverend Frederick Chapman began a ministry as 
acting pastor, which continued until 1871. Reverend Mr. Pyke suc- 
ceeded him from 1871 to 1874. In May of the latter year Reverend 
F. Countryman* became the pastor and continued until his resigna- 
tion, August 23d, 1877. The Reverend J. H. Beckwith preached a 
short time, and was followed, January 1st, 1878, by the present acting 
pastor. Reverend William H. Phipps, whose faithful service has been 
the means of preventing the dissolution of the church, when so many 
inaterial interests in the town have gone to decay. In 1890 the church 
had 90 members, and there was a Sunday school of 100 members, 
which had deacon G. B. Hotchkiss as its superintendent. 

The first deacon of the church was Gideon Hotchkiss. who served 
from 1799 until his death in 1807. He was born in Cheshire in 1716, 
and embraced religion in 1736. He soon after married and moved to 
Waterbiiry, living within the bounds of the Salem Society, from whose 
jurisdiction he was excepted. When the Columbia Society was 
formed he soon after became a member, and actively continued until 
his decease at the age of 91 years. His descendants were very num- 
erous and useful. He had 105 grandchildren and 155 great-grand- 
children in the fourth and fifth generations. 

The .second deacon, Ira Smith, was elected in 1807, but he was 

* Sketch compiled from a discourse by Reverend Frank Countryman. 



HISTORY OF NEW KAVEN COUNTY. 739 

before that time active in the church and had been a leading Separat- 
ist. His home being central, many councils were there held. Another 
leader in church matters was Frederick Hotchkiss, who was elected a 
deacon in 1818. After several years he removed to New York city, 
where he was drowned. Another member of the Hotchkiss family- 
Gideon Mills— became interested in church affairs about 1832. He 
was especially a strong and progressive Sunday school worker. The 
other deacons elected were: 1826, Samuel Peck; 1834, Joseph Piatt; 
1842, James Street; 1857, Whitney B. Dudley; 1864, Benjamin B. Brown; 
1865, Gilbert B. Hotchkiss. The latter two have continued, being the 
deacons in 1890. 

One Congregational minister was raised up by the church, viz.. Rev- 
erend Henry Alanson Russell. 

It has been stated that Bishop Asbury, of the Methodist Episcopal 
church, visited old Waterbury in 1796 and preached in the Columbia 
Separatist meeting house. On the dissolution of that society, about 
1800, not all the Separatists joined the regular church, but some be- 
came Methodists. These were visited occasionally by itinerant min- 
isters, who held meetings in private houses, some of which were occa- 
sions of unusual interest. Amos Hotchkiss, who had been an active 
Separatist, warmly espoused Methodism and threw open the doors of 
his house, and some of the first meetings were held there. Later 
meetings were held at the house of Thomas Benham, one half mile 
north of the village green. Hotchkiss died in 1820, but three of his 
sons — Woodward, Avera and Amos H. — became Methodists. The 
former married Polly Castle, a pious and zealous Methodist, who died 
in 1870, aged 100 years. He died in 1861, aged 86 years. Amos H. 
presented a lot on the south side of the square for a meeting house 
site. Daniel Hitchcock, a very devout man, was another Methodist. 
He had a prayer meeting room in his house. Other Methodists were: 
Milly Sanford, whose son, Herschell, was a local preacher; Mrs. 
Eunice Rowe, Abel Austin and wife, Warren Wilson and wife, Dimon 
Hitchcock and wife, Elisha Preston, Lauren Preston, a class leader, 
who moved to Cheshire; Ichabod Hitchcock, another class leader; and 
Jesse Beecher, a local preacher, who joined the Adventists. Others of 
the Alethodists also embraced that faith. 

The first public Methodist place of worship was the old Separatist 
meeting house, which was removed to a new site, on the south of the 
square. At that place Methodist meetings were held until 1858, when 
they were discontinued, and the organization was disbanded on account 
of the fewness of the members. Some of those who continued their 
residence in the town attended the churches in Bethany and Cheshire, 
while others became Adventists or found a spiritual home in the 
Congregational church. 

The Adventist chapel, at the Center, which is a .small but not un- 
attractive frame building, affords a place of worship for members of 



740 HISTORY OF NEW HAVEN COUNTY. 

that faith. It was built within the past .six years. The meetings 
previous to mat time were held in private houses, at "Rag Hollow" 
and other localities. Moses Chandler was one of the most active in 
the latter movement to give the denomination a permanent place in 
the town, and the meetings were for a time held at his house. Other 
members belong to the Tuttle, Tyler, Hotchkiss and Beecher families. 
In 1890 there were about a score of members, and Seth Woodruff was 
the minister. 

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 

Byron L. Morse was born in Prospect in 1859, and was educated in 
the common schools of that town. His parents were Harry and Sarah 
(Gillett) Morse. The former died in 1879. Byron L. was elected to 
the legislature in 1889 from the town of Prospect, and served on the 
committee of forfeited rights. He is engaged in farming. His 
parents had seven children: Byron L., George, John, Hattie, Walter 
(an electrician in Waterburyj, Mary and Alice. Byron L. belongs to 
the Mad River Grange, P. of H. His brother, George, was a member 
of the legislature in 1885. 

David B. Hotchkiss, born in Prospect in 1853, is a son of David M. 
and Hannah (Doolittle) Hotchkiss. The latter was first married to 
Henry Bristol, and had one son, Henry Bristol, now of New Haven. 
David and Hannah had two children: David B. and Julia E., who mar- 
ried F. A. Sanford. David M. was twice married. By his first wife 
he had eight children: Emily B., married Benjamin B. Brown, of Pros- 
pect; Laura, married A. S. Plumb; Henry K. and Hervey D., twins; 
Frederick, died when 24 yeai^s old; Edwin H., lives in New York; Berk- 
ley S., of Waterbury; and Richard N., of New Jersey. David B. mar- 
ried Nellie Hupman, of Windsor, N. Y., in 1878. They have four 
children: Luella, Mabel, Ruth and Treat. Mr. Hotchkiss has held 
several town offices, including selectman and justice of the peace. 
He is independent in politics. He is a member of the Mad River 
Grange, No. 71, P. of H. David M. was a .son of Frederick, he a son 
of David, he a son of Gideon, all natives of Prospect. The Hotchkiss 
family was one of the pioneer families of the town. David M. was 
noted in his time for being a strong abolitionist. He was instrumen- 
tal in forming the town and gave it the name of Prospect. He was 
first selectman during the war, and was twice sent to the legislature. 
He died in 1878. 

Edwin T. Mix, born in Cheshire in 1843, is a son of Titus Mix, who 
came from Wallingford and settled in Prospect. He was engaged in 
making boxes for the Ives & Judd Match Company. His son, Edwin 
T., has a factory in Rag Hollow, where he manufactures wagons and 
does a general repair business. He has a fine water power and is 
doing a successful business. 



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